THE TELEGRAPH - HERALD'S 



ABRIDQE 

HISTORY 




OF THE STATE OF IOWA 



AND DIRECTORY OF 
FAYETTE COUNTY 



WITH 100 HALF TONE VIEWS OF XNTERESTING POINTS 
ON THE MISSISSIPFI RIVEK 



MMHMMHM 




lass 



FC2-\ 



Hook __Q^ 



['IJESEXTKO BY 




.1. 




OS 
_0 



Q 



A 




K<- 







3 




q 



2; 




^ 

rt 
^ 



O 









03 

6 

'oh 







O 



'c3 




o 
biD 



o 



O 




o 



rt 

5 




o 




•Si 



o 




o 



o 



O 



w 



I P---- 




o 

"3 







o 







■i^^g^j 




> 




O 






O 




a; 



£ 

OS 
CO 




> 




o 



m 



o 

u 




O 




•Si 



o 



n 




o 



o 

< 

o 
7i 



m 




'^ 




o 







o 



o 




c 




W 

c 

biO 

c 

'b 

o 



m 




•CC 



c/j 




o 







> 



o 

CD 

Q 




-a 
o 



(1> 
> 
O 






o 

2^ 



o 




m 

O 
(U 



(S 




M 



p 



c 






cr. 



Pa-l-vi :.W: V ■, ^ <^\A;\^\e;} 



The Telegraph - Herald s 
Abridged History of the 

State of Iowa 



AND DIRECTORY OF 
FAYETTE COUNTY 

Including the City of Oelwein 

^WITH A COMPLETE 

CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY 



WITH HALF-TONE VIEWS OF INTERESTING POINTS 
ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER 



-QG 







GENERAL GEO. W. JONES 



7-3^5^ 



Gift 



Preface 



When, as now, shelves groan under the weight of massive volumes of 
history necessity seems to emphasize more strongly than ever the virtue that 
lies in brevity. In preparing this history the author has sought to be brief, 
eliminating so much of the events of the past as in his judgment is not neces- 
sary to an understanding of the peoples who have preceded us or the stirring 
dramas in which we find them the principal figures. He sought to follow in the 
simplest language and the fewest possible words the thread of history where first 
it takes on tangible form, through the loom of the years and into the completed 
fabric of the present. 

There has been rel;i1ned enough of the romance of events to impart enchant- 
ment to the story, for without sentiment history is incomplete an-d a virtue of 
man forgotten. 

The prosaic land of Iowa has been the scene of much that is romantic. The 
wanderings of Jacques Marquette through the enchanted valley of the Mississ- 
ippi, the nomadic life oi the border tribes of Indians, the bloody battles between 
the hostile tribes and the awful massacres that drenched the soil with red, the 
transforniation of the trackless forests. and plains into rich-bearing farm lands, 
make of history a veritable fairy story, entertaining and instructive none the 
less to children than to those older in years and wisdom. 

The territoiial development, the creation of Iowa as a State, offers little 
that is romantic; the author has fashioned a framework out of the successive 
events that if it shall be accepted as concise and faithful will serve the end de- 
signed. 

If the author shall have produced in these pages even a little of the spirit 
of discovery, of eternal strugg-le, of unflagging industry, of the ideals and the 
ambitions ^v-hich have made Iowa, his attempt will not have been in vain. 



Publisher's Address 



History is ttie wi'itleu account of past events. It is the medium — we migtit 
say tiie chain- -which connects the past with the present. It is one of the mosi, 
if not the most, Aaluable branches of knowledge; and no student will regret 
the time and labor spent in its study. It should find a place in every well regu- 
lated course of instructions. It is the only science, a knowledge of which, en- 
ables us to judge the future. Patrick Henry, in his famous speech delivered 
In the Virginia convention, March 28, 1775, said: "I ivnow of no means of judg- 
ing the future but by the past." The boy or girl failing to store his or her 
mind with a thorough knowledge of history, makes the mistake of a lifetime. 
A mistake ■'.thich handicaps him or her in society and elsewhere throughout 
life. The good historian naturally becomes a good conversationalist. He is 
never short of a ful)ject. The habits, which he forms and knowledge which he 
acquires, in the study of history, leads him into the art of thinking which is 
the great essential, in man, to attain distinction among his fellows. 

Nov; if this is true of history in general how much more applicable is it to 
the history of our ov/ii country, state, county and city "For lives there a man 
whose soul is so dead who never to himself hath said: this is my own my nat- 
ive land." Every ]>ersoK should become conversant with history and especially 
the history of his or her state, county and city. 

Historians of late years have become so elaborate and their writings so 
fraught with detail that in order to get the essential parts, of even a new state 
like Iowa, it is necessary to read volumes. 

To avoid this laborious reading and at the same time give the knowledge 
desired, the Telegraph-Herald has caused to be prepared for its subscribers an 
abridged history of Iowa, giving only the essential parts and narrating the 
most interesting events in plain and concise language. Commencing with its 
discovery by Jlarquette and Joliet and noting all salient events down to date. 
Giving a brief account of the various wars and battles between the Whites and 
Indians, as will as the most important battles between the various tribes of 
Indians in Iowa, so lar as known to white men, which were the chief cause of 
the early extinction of those unfortunate people. The different treaties with 
the Indians through which we acquired the right to occupy the lands, are also 
given. The strange phenomena of a vast concourse of people, occupying two 
great continents, practically disappearing in less than three centuries is a mat- 
ter worthy of serious thought and every American should become conversant 
with the history of their decline and extinction, as well as that of the advance 
of the white man who succeeded them. 



HOW TO IMPROVE THE MIND. 

Another interesting feature is an article entitled "How to Improve the 
Mind." All intelligent people agree tliat the mind is susceptible of a high state 
of improvement; hut lew understand the method or manner of improving it. 
This article leads the student on in the art of thinking and memorizing, which 
is the sole channel through which the mind can be improved and expanded. The 
article is invaluable and any man or woman, young or old, who is ambitious 
to improve, should read, study and reflect on it. 

WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN'S CELEBRATED LECTURE. 

The lecture of W. J. Brjan, delivered at Dubuque, April 27, 1905, entitled 
"The Value of an Ideal" deserves more than a passing notice. It is the result of 
much studj' and thought, by one of the brightest intellects and greatest thinkers 
on our continent. It furnishes most valuable food for thought and reflection. 
Every person should read and reread it, and ponder, meditate and study it. 
The value of an ideal is something every aspiring and self-improving young 
man and woman should understand and study. 

'~^. THE RISE AND DECLINE OF CATHOLICITY IN UNITED STATES. 

The rise and decline of the Catholic Church in the United States is an arti- 
cle of more than ordinary interest. It was compiled and written for the Tele- 
graph-Herald, in v.hich it was published May 20, 1904. In this article the writer 
shows the rapid increase of the church from the adoption or our Constitution 
to the time when Lishop Hennessey commenced preaching against the public 
schools and in favor of the parochial or private school. The advantage which the 
children have, who attend the public school is also shown and on the whole the 
article is well worth careful perusal and serious thought. 

THE CIVILIZATION OF JAPAN. 

The story of Commodore Perry's landing in Japan in 1S53, and making a 
treaty which opened i.p that isolated country to the world is also of interest. 
A full account of the pveliminarios leading up to and the signing of the treaty 
is given, including President Fillmore's letter and that of the Emperor of Japan. 

A ^'ALUABLE HISTORICAL TABLE. 

Showing the dates of important events transpiring in the United States and 
Colonies, since the crisco\ery of America by Chistopher Columbus, in the year 
1492, affords much valuable information condensed in small space; What 
caused our Presidents death; Wealth of our Presidents; The Famous Connec- 
ticut Blue Laws; Elevation above the sea level of principal cities, etc. 



Index 



CHAPTER I. 
How America Was I-opulateci — The Ten Lost Tribes of Israel — Theory Cor- 
roborated by Columbus — Indians Observed Jewish Customs — Indian Traditions 
— Large Mound Build Over Chief Omaha — First Human Skulls Found — Stone 
and Copper linplements Found — Remarkable Mound Opened in Dubuque County 
— Mounds Opened Near Davenport. 

CHAPTER II. 
Iowa a Central State — Its Latitude — Longitude— Highest Point — Lowest 
Place- -The Area in Acreas — Growth of Population — ^Farm Products and Value, 
United States Cencus — History of Titles — The Discovery by Father Marquette — 
Named Louisiana — When Ownership of Territory Was Deflnately Settled — Under 
Napoleon Spain Ceded to France — France Sold to the United States. 

CHAPTER III. 

Narvaez' Adventures — De Sota the Nexc Freebooter — Harsh Treatment of 

the Natives — Disastrous Expedition — More Than Three-fourths of Army Perish 

— De Seta's Grave — The Jesuits as Explorers — Their Kind and Just Treatment 

of the Indians - "What Bancoft Says — The Mississippi River Described in 1670. 

CHAPTER IV. 
The Fiist VMiite Man to Set Foot on Iowa — Discovery of the Great River — 
Discovery of the First Indians — Astonishment of the Natives — Kind Reception — 
Speech of One of the Chiefs- -The Feast That Followed — Marquette's Descript- 
ion -Indians Escorted Them to the River — How the French Treated the Indians 
— How Other Nations Treated Them, The Calumet or Pipe of Peace. 

..CHAPTER V. 
A Fierce Tribe — Veils of Defiance — Marquette Held the Sacred Amulet Aloft 
— The Chief Restrained His Men — Invited Marquette and Party to Village — 
"^Vere Entertained for Several Days — Concluded to Return — Father Marquette's 
Death. 

CHAPTER VI. 
Slavery in Louisiana — Mississippi River Chartered — Cession of Louisiana 
to Spain- -Embargo on the Mississippi River — Congress Declared the River Must 
Be Free— Spain's Vain Effort to Win the Settlers— They Were Loyal to the 
Union— France Sells to the United States — Virginia's Claims— Treaty With 
the Sioux Indians. 



CHAPTER VII. 

The Northwest Vei-i'itory Formed — What It Embraced — States Subsequent- 
iy Erected Out of 't — Large Acquisition of Land by Treaty — Slavery Forever 
Prohibited — Last Indian Battles Fought in Iowa — The Iowa Tribe Almost An- 
nihilated — Sold Their Lands to the United Stales— What They Worship — Their 
Traditions — Social Relations — Description of an India?i Village — Black Hawk's 
Watch Tower. 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Ti'eaty of 1S04— A Great Fraud on the Indians — Repudiated by Black Hawk 
and Other Chiefs — Major Taylors Defeat — British Soldiers Join the Indians — 
The Fight Was Desperate and Loss Heavy — Taylor Was Driven Back — Keokuk 
Made Chief of the T ritudly Party— Treaty of 1824— Half-Breed Tract of Land- 
Base Treacheiy of the Sioux — Sac and Fox Chiefs Waylaid — All Murdered Ex- 
cept Two — Dire Revenge of the Sac and Fox Indians. 

CHAPTER IX. 

Black Hawk Wai — General Atkinson's Command — Arbraham Lincoln — 
Colonel Taylor and J eft Davis — Flag of Truce Fired On — The Charge of the Sac 
Warriors — Heroic Defense of Black I-lawk — What Jeif Davis Said About It — 
What Black Hawk Said About It — Horrible Fate of the Indians — Black Hawk's 
Capture— His Appearance Before President Jackson — His Last Appearance in 
Public — His Speech — His Death Oct. 3, lh.-3S — Mrs. Maria Beck's Description of 
Him. 

CHAPTER X. 

Treaty With the Sac, Fox and. Winnebagos — The Black Hawk Purchase — Sac 
and Fox Indians Sell the Remainder of Their Land — Sad Parting With Their 
Homes — Indians Degenerate — Keokuk Not a Hereditary Chief — Shrewd Address 
— Leader of Chiefs Who Made Treaty of L804 — Chief Taimah, Head of a Secret 
Society — Members Noted for Courage and Good Character. 

CHAPTERXI. 

Where Chicago Stands Ceded — Piennepin's Capture — Last Battle Between 
Indians in Iowa — Indians Left for Reservation — Iowa's Territory Ceded — Order 
to Build Fort Des Moines — Lead Ore in Mississippi Valley — Julien Dubuque 
First White Settler in Iowa — Procured Interest in Land — Wife of Peosta — Gave 
Plim Name of Little Cloud 

CHAPTER Xil. 

Petitioii to Governor Carondelet — Referred to Don Andred Todd — Dubuque's 
Death — Indians Refused to Recognize a Successor — Claim for Title in Court — 
Pending for Nearly Half a Century — Dubuque's Grave — What the Court Held — 
Settlement in Clayton Count> — First Legal Title to Land in Iowa— Territory 
Owned by Three Different Nations During Dubuque's Occupancy from 1788 to 
1810 

CHAPTER XIII. 

Territory of Oi'leans — Floyd's Death — The First White Man Buried in Iowa 
— Thomas H. Benton's Editorial — Burr Conspiracy — Prosecutions by the United 
States — Prcs^ident Jefferson Issued a Proclamation — Burr Arrested — Grand Jury 
Did Not Indict — Burr Made His Escape — Henry Clay Burr's Counsel — Was Cap- 
ture.! — Taken to Richmond — Grand Jury Indicted Him — First Paper Published 
Wesc 01 tho Mississippi River — Fort Madison Erected — Indians Did Not Con- 
sent — Tl is Was a Violation of the Treaty — Efforts to Capture the Fort. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Fort Built at Rock Island — Indians Did Not Give Consent — Colonel Daven- 
port — Fort Completed — Lands Reserved From Entry — Long Litigation Follow- 
ed — Government Purchased Claims — A Succession of Earthquakes — Great Alarm 
Caused — New Madrid the Center — Great Changes in the Topography of the 
Country Eil'ected — River Run Up Stieam for Ten Miles — First Steamboat — 
Louisiana Adjuitted— Colonel Nichols Commander of the British Fleet — Tried 
to Revive the* Scheme of Separation — Proclamation in the Name of the King — 
Population of the Northwest in 1812 — First Steaml)oat to Ascend the Mississ- 
ippi River-— Missouri Admitted — Beginning of the Slavery Conflict — Henry Clay's 
Influence — Slave Limits Agreed On — Southern Boundary of Iowa Described — 
Dispute Ovev Location — Armed Force Called Out on Both Sides — Better Coun- 
cil Prevailed. 

CHAPTER XV. 

First School in Iowa — By Whom Taught — First White Child Born — Eleanor 
Galland — What Dr. Galland Says — Graveyard Bluff — James White — Monsieur 
Julisn — First Stearaboal to Reach the Rapids — It Was Agreed to Build a City 
and Call It Keokuk — James L. Langworthy — Exploration of the Lead Mines — 
Groat Battle With the Sioux Indians — Near Dubuque's Grave — The Vanquish- 
ed Sac and Foxes Ru:5hed to Death Over a Precipice — Miners Organized a Local 
Government— Rules and Regulations — Regulations at Galena Adopted — War De- 
partment Orders the Removal of Settlers. 

CHAPTER XVI. 

The Langworthy Brothers Crossed to West Side of River and Resumed 
Work — Second School flstablished — Winter Isolated Them From the Outside 
World — A short Supply of Provisions but Plenty of Whiskey — Not a Woman 
in Settlement — The Demon Intemperance Stalked Everywhere — Cholera Also 
Claimed Its Victims — In Spring of 1834 Steamboat Landed — First American 
Flag Raised — First Church Built — First Catholic Church — Bishop Loras Located 
—Fort Madison Second Place Settled— Davenport — Claim Sold for $100— A Long 
and Bitter Contest — Davenport Gets County SeatJThe Dubuque Visitor Refers 
to "Iowa" — "Iowa" First Found in Public Record — iowa County Formed — Min- 
eral Point the County Seat. 

CHAPTER XVII. 

Treaty August 4, 1824 — Half-Breed Tract — Greed of the Attorneys — Divis- 
ion of Iowa Into lA\o Counties — First Newspaper — ^Second Newspaper — GeOrge 
VV. Jones Elected to represent Michigan Territory hi Congress — What Bill He 
Secured Among His First Acts — Census Taken in 1830 — Total Population 10, .531 
— Miners Bank Established — Act Regulating the Sale of Spirituous Liquors — 
The First Nev/spaper PJstablished in Iowa — Origin of ihe Cognomen Hawkeye 
— Bill Introcluced by General Jones Creating the Territory of Iowa — Second 
Legislature at Burlington — Disputed Boundary Settled — Congress to Appoint 
Commission^ — First Legislative Body — Dubuque County Divided — New Counties 
Organized. 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

Treaty With the Sac and Fox Indians — Census of 1836 — Territory of Iowa 
Established — What It Included — What the President Was Required to Do — 
Terms of Office and Courts — Conway, Secretary, Usurped Office of Governor — 
Call for First Democratic Convention — The First Whig- Convention — Constitution 
Defeated — Cencus of 1840 — How Houses Were Built — How Grain Was Stored — 



How Stables Were l^uiit — Ihird Legislature — Goveraor Lucas Message — Cap- 
itol Moved to Iowa (3ity — The Law Against Negroes — Missouri Boundary Fixed 
by Act of Congress. 

CHAPTER XTX. 

Boundary Dispiite — Go-vernor Lucas Ordered Out the Militia — Matter Fin- 
ally Settled by the Supreme Court — Capitol Located — Furrow Run One Hundred 
Miles — Description of tlie First Settlers — A Most Notable Case- — First Call for 
a Democratic State Convention— New Capitol — Governor Lucas Chief Orator — 
First Whig State Convention — General Harrison for President — Democrats Nomi- 
nated Van Buren. 

CHAPTER XX. 

Superintendent of Schools Created — Democrats Removed from Office — Gov- 
ernor Lucas Was Superceded — John Chambers Appointed — Steamboat Ascended 
the Iowa River — Treaty With the Sac and Fox Indians — Financial Depression, 
of 1842 — The Miners Bank of Dubuque the Only One in Iowa — Severest Winter 
— Great Suffering — Cattle and Game Perished — Unparalleled Low Prices and 
High Interest— Cencus ol iS44 — Committee to Frame Constitution — State Includ- 
ed Lar^e Part of Minnesota — The Boundary— Pro and Anti Slavery Parties — 
Agreed to Admit Iowa Free and Florida Slave. 

CHAPTER XXI. 
Address of Hon. A. C. Dodge — Eastman, Parrins and Mills — Made Aggress- 
ive Campaign — Leftler and Wood Joined Them — Constitution Rejected — Char- 
ter of the Miner's Banli Repealed — Constitution Beaten Second Time — Prevail- 
ing Prices — Salaries of Officers — Annexation of Texas — First Democratic State 
Convention — The Platform — First Whig State Convention — The Platform — Con- 
stitution Adopted — Douglas Reported a Bill for the Admission of lowa^De- 
cember 21, 1846 — Mormons Driven from Missouri — Unparalleled Barbarity. 

CHAPTER XXII. 
Sound Money a Cardinal Principle- — First Mormon Colony — Joseph Smith 
Found Plates and Printed Bible — Second Revelation — Mob Attacked Them — 
Governor Boggs Called Out Militia — Ordered to Exteiminate the Mormons — 
Snow Deep and Suffering Great — Howe Mills Massacre — Barbarous Murder of 
a Nine Year-Old Boy- —Finally Found Shelter in Iowa and Illinois — Purchased 
Town Sites of Keokuk, Nashville and Montrose. 

CHAPTER XXIII. 
Mormons Allowed to Settle in Iowa — Revelation in 1843 Permitting a Plural- 
ity of Wives — Raised a Storm — Joseph Smith and Others Arrested — Mob Killed 
Smith and His Brother and Wounded Several Others — Abandoned All for Relig- 
ious Liberty- -Brigham Young Succeeded Smith — Great Caravan — Their Route 
Marked With Graves — Stopped in Decatur County — Place Called Garden Grove 
— Remnant Left at Neuvoo Were Persecuted — Started West in October — Their 
Sufferings — Sickness and Death. 

CHAPTER XXIV. 

Winter March of Mormon Refugees — Village Built at Missouri River— Iowa 

Never Joined in the Persecution — Salt Lake Selected — Cholera Scourge Carried 

Off Many — First i^egislature at Iowa City — Salaries of State Officials Fixed — 

First Giant of Lands for Railroads — Prohibition Move — Maine Liquor Law 



Adopted — AppiOA'ed by Governor Grimes — Majority Vote in Favor of Prohibit- 
ion — Over Forty Years Later This Law Was Repealed. 

CtlAPTER XXV. 

Report of Superintendent of Public Schools — Salaries of Teachers — First 
Exemption Law — Rate of Interest — Code of 1851 — Cencus of 1847 — George W. 
Jones Elected — Gold Fever — Wet Season — First Train at Rock Island — Com- 
pany Organized to .i3ridge the Mississippi River — Last Contest Between Whigs 
and Democrats — Whigs Won — Harlan and Thoringtoa Were the First Iowa 
Congressmen to Oppose Slavery — Big Grant to Railroads — Limit to State In- 
debteda?ss Increased- -Banks Authorized — Capitol Fixed at Des Moines — Indians 
Drove Survejor Marsh from His Work — Destroyed Wagons, Instruments, Etc — 
War Between the Sioux and Pottawattamies — The Latter Fought Bravely But 
Were Defeated. 

CHAPTER XXVI. 

Desperado Henrj Lott — Ordered to Leave County— Indians Burnt His Cabin 
and Killed Hii' Cattle — Lott Alarmed and Fled — Spread Report That His Family 
AVere Murdered — His Step-son Twelve Years Old Lost and Frozen to Death — 
Lott S^ore Vengeance — Traded Whiskey to Indians, Feigned Friendship, Way- 
laid Old Chief and Shot Him, Murdeded the Whole Camp — Major Williams and 
Several Indians Pursued — Crossed the Missouri River and Escaped — Lott After- 
wards Hung in California — Facts ProA'en by Major Williams — Brother of Mur- 
dered Chief. 

CHAPTER XXVII. 

Adventurous Pioneers — The Irish Colony — Mr. Granger's Cabin — Settlements 
of Springfield, Algona, Okoboji and Spirit Lakes — Most of the Indians Had 
Left-— Cold Winter lS5t)-5V — Deep Snow Isolated Settlers — The Massacre Was 
Planned-- The Chief Selected Thirty Warriors — Settlers Fled at Night — Abner 
Bell Was Nearest Neighbor — Great Indignation at Fort Dodge — First White Man 
to Paddle a Canoe on the Lakes — Outrages at Gillett'w Grove. 

CHAPTER XXVIII. 

Trip Trough Snow Diifts to Waterloo — Indians Invaded Gardner's Cabin — 
Massacre Commences at Mattock's House — Abbie th-3 Only one Spared — Brave 
Resistance — No Witness Survived^Dr. Herriott and Cariy Suyder — Indians Kill- 
ed and Wounded — Major Williams' Report— Horrible Work of March 8,18-57 — 
Celebracion by the Indians — Abbie Gardner Dragged to the Horrible Scene — 
Five Men, Two Women and Children Dead — Other Children Burned to Death 
in the Cabin — Their Cries Heartrendering — Vain Attempt to Save the Women 
and Children. 

CHAPTER XXIX. 

No Warning on East Side of Lake — Mr. Howe and Family Murdered — 
Thatcher's Cabin Next Visited — Children Snatched from Mothers' Arms and 
Brains Dashed Out — Mrs. Noble and Mrs. Thatcher Made Prisoners — William 
Mable's Cabin Next Visited — Profess Friendship — Mable Shot in Back — Mrs. 
Mable Kept a Prisoner — They Now Had Four Women Captives — Braided Hair 
and Painted Their I'aces — Thus After the I^apse of Over Three Years the Sav- 
age Chief Avenged the Death of His Brother and Family by Lott. 

CHAPTER XXX. 
SpriT!g-fleld, Minn., Saved — Markham Gave Notice — All Gathered in On:^ 



House — Messenger to I'orL Ridgely — Seventeen Days Suspense — When Attack 
Began— Called the People Out on a Cunning Pretext — Savages in ambush fired 
on Them — But Three Men Left in the House — Prepared tor a Vigorous Defense — 
Indians Crept Near ihe House — They Kept Shelter of Stable and Trees — The 
Womei' Cast Balls — Mrs. Church Shot One Indian — Fight Lasted Till Sunset — 
Deterrriined to Escape at Night — Markham Volunteei'ed to Reconnoiter the Prem- 
ises. 

CHAPTER XXXI. 
But One Able-Bodi'-d Man — They Had No Team — Compelled to Abandon Hen- 
derson and Smith — In Their Haste Boy Left Behind — Sheigly Henderson Return- 
ed Searching for His Boy — Sufferings Were Intense — Were Out Three Days — 
Flan of Battle — Bradshaw Was to Advance Upon the Indians — A Loud Shout 
and Signal Proclaimed Them Friends — It Was the Relief Corps — Language 
Cannot Describe the Joy and Transport — Mr. Church Recognized His Wife and 
Child — Thatcher Learned of the Butchery of His Child and Perhaps Worse 
Fate of His Wife — Dr. Bissel Dressed the Wounds — All Felt Safe for the First 
Time in Weeks — Couveyed to the Irish Colony — Smith and Henderson Were 
Found Alive — News of Massacre Carried to Fort Dodge — Relief Expedition 
Organized — Called lor Volunteers — Company Poorly Equipped — The Winter Had 
Been the Severest on Record. 

CHAPTER XXXII. 
March Was Slow and Ditflcult — Made But Eighteen Miles in Two Days — 
Hardship and Sufferings Increased — Supper on Crackers and Raw Pork — Major 
Williams Made Bri«f Address — Nine Turned Homeward — Reached Irish Colony 
— Got Fresh Teanis and Recruits — Scouts Sent Ahead — Indians Sighted— Men 
Formed in Line — Governor Carpenter's Description — Soldiers From Fort Ridge- 
ly at Springfield — Volunteers to Bury Bodies at Lakss — Twenty-three Volun- 
teered — Major Williams and Party Went to the Irish Colony — Johnson's Party 
to Lakes — A Horrible Spectacle. 

CHAPTER XXXIII. 
Net One of the Colony Alive — Body of Dr. Herriott Found — Luce and 
Clark Found Some ""Veeks Later— Homeward March — Sudden Change in Tem- 
perature — Terrific Blizzard — Horrible Suffering — Separated in Two Companies 
— .Johnson Led One. Maxwell the Other — A Night in the Storm — Johnson 
and Buckholder Succumb — Fire Started at the River— Went to Irish Colony for 
Help — The Account of Major Williams — The Principal Division — River High, 
Spread Over Valley-— Box Ferry a Failure — ^Messenger Sent to Nearest House — 
What Captain Richards Says — Governor Carpenter Tells— What Lieut. Mason 
Say.5 — The Command Broke Up in Small Parties — Sufferings Beyond Description. 

CHAPTER XXXIV. 
What Capt. Duncombe Says — Four Young Women Piisoners — Indians Load- 
ed Ponies, Squaws and Captives with Plunder — Mrs. Thatcher Was 111 — Heart- 
less Savage Had No Mercy — Forced to Assist in the Camp Drudgery — She Sank 
Faintirg in the Snow — She Was Lashed to the Back of a. Pony — Indians Dis- 
covered That They Were Pursued — Ordered to Kill Captives When Battle Begun 
— Lieut. Murray I'.eiieved Indians Were Near — Guides Claimed Camp Was Old 
— Whert They Reached the Big Sioux — Mrs. Thatcher Ordered to Go on the 
Driftwood Bridge — She Suspected What Was Coming — Savage Shoved Her In- 
to the River — Oije of the Braves Shot Her — Mrs. Noble Anxious for End of 



Lii'e- Xews Reaoht d Indian Agency — Plans Devised to Rescne Them — Mrs, 
Mal)le Purchased — She Bid Her Campanions Good-Bye — She Was Ransomed 
tor Sl.tuO. 

CHAPTER XXXV. 
Minnesota l^egislature Appropriated 810,000 — Eftort to Exterminate Failed 
— Taken Far Into the Wilds of Dakota — Hopeless of Rescne — Roaring Cloud Mur- 
dered Mrs. Noble — Life Had Been a Burden to Her — Abbie Alone Gains River — 
Abbie Abandcned All Hope — But Friends Were at Work^John Other Day — 
Learned but One White Woman Left — Miss Gardner Was Purchased — Abbie 
Conveyed to Mr. Thatcher the Last Message of His Wife — Mr. Skinner Got 
Information and Was Saved — Don't Seem to Have Told His Neighbors — Mr. 
Carter Was Also Warned — The Boy Josh Engaged in Massacre — Massacres 
Traced to the Desperado Lott — Leute's Message — Killed Roaring Cloud — The 
Old Chief the Most Ferocious. 

CHAPTER XXXVI. 
Major Williams' Report — Governor Grimes' Message — Indians Driven Out 
of State — Jackson (.'ounty — Gang of Desperadoes — Counterfeit Money Appeared. 
— Traced to Some Employe of Brown — Horses Stolen — Bellevue Headquarters 
of the Gang — Battle Fought at Brown's Hotel — Desperadoes Captured — Murder 
of Col. Davenport — Mitchell Abused a Young Lady — Thompson and Mitchell Met 
on the Sireet — Thompson Missed and Mitchell Sent a Bullet Through His 
Heart- Attempt to Blow Up Mitchell's House — ^Citizens Organized — Sheriff War- 
ren, Attorney Crawford and Judge Wilson — Warrants Issued for Twenty Des- 
peradoes — Posse of Forty Men Marched to Brown's Hotel — Brown Shot Dead — 
The Gang Fought Desperately — Orders Given to Set Fire to the Hotel — Cry ta 
Hang Theirr — Punishment Finally Decided by Vote. 

CHAPTER XXXVII. 
Chairman Passed Sentence on Each — Placed in Skiffs With Three Days' 
Rations — Sent Down the River — Reign of Terror — Murder of Col. Davenport — 
Edward Bonney l-'erreted Out the Murderers — Burch Turned Out State's Evi- 
dence— Guilty Brought to Justice — An Atrocious Murder — Vigilance Committee 
Organized — Gifiord Was Lynched — Confessed He Had Been Hired — Oath Bound 
Organization — Purpose to Rid the State of Thieves and Murderers — Cruel Mur- 
der — Barger V\''as .irrested — Tried Three Times— Always Convicted but Law- 
yers Saved His Neck — Vigilance Committee Took Matter in Hand — There Waj 
No Further Appeal — Statement of the Vigilance Committee — Pledged to Stand 
by Each Othei — LaAV Was Powerless to Protect. 

CHAPTER XXXVIII. 

Each Mfriber of rho Gang — Witnesses Ready to Prove an Alibi — Comequick 
— Took Loni;- Trips — He Belonged to the Gang — He Frequently Changed Resi- 
dences — Robbed an Old Man — Confederates on the Jury Prevented an Indict- 
ment — Murdered Man and Wife — Brother of Murdered Woman Ran Him Down 
, — Case Was Continued — Venue Changed, Etc. — Made a Short Speech to the 
Crowd — Judge I^ynch Took the Matter in Hand — Comequick Was promptly Hung 
— Many Hcrses Stolen in 18.55-6-7 — Hard Times With The Settlers. 

CHAPTER XXXIX. 

Project of Dams a Failure — New Constitution Adopted— State House at 
Des Moines--Capitol x^joved — Financial Depression — Banks Failed — No Banks 



of Issue in Iowa — Banks Started in Nebraska — Tiiomas H. Benton — Iowa Soon 
Ha.i Plenty of Worthless Paper Money — Self Denial Practiced — Legislature Met 
at Des Moines Jan 11, 1S58 — Gov. Grimes' Message — Commission Appointed 
to Codify Laws — Severe I-aw Against Fugitive Slaves— Under Ground Railroad 
— John Brown Drilled His Little Army — Of the Twenty-Six Men in His Band, 
Six Were From Iowa — Victor Hugo's Prediction Verified — 'John Brown's Body" 
— Revision of 1860 — Branches of State Bank — Where Located — Gov. Kirkwood 
Vetoes the Banking Law — The Greatest Tornado — lis Course — Velocity — Loss 
of Life — Damage to Property — Strange and Wonderful Electric Freaks — Iowa 
Sent to the Civil War. 

CHAPTER XL. 
Indian Oulbi'eak in Minnesota — First Hostilities in Northwestern Iowa — 
Settlers Become Alarmed — Military Companies Organized — Sioux Indians on 
the Reservation — Indians Planned the Massacre — Men Were at a public Meeting 
— Indians Fell on Defenceless Families — News of Massacre Reached Spirit Lake 
— Company Organized to Aid — Indians Were Gone — Frontier Settlements Aban- 
boned — Spi'ii Lake and E&terville Stood Pat — Territory of Minnesota Organized 
— Indians Ceded More Than 30,000,000 Acres of Land— Reserved a Tract on the 
Minnesota River — Indians Accepted an Amendment— Tribes Concerned in the 
Uprising — Location of the Agencies — Sioux Represented All Gi'ades of Bai'bar- 
isni — How They Lived — Half-Breeds and Traders. 

CHAPTER XLI. 
Cause of the Outbreak — The Lost Cause Figured — Indian Warriors With- 
in Reach — Tribes in the Conspiracy — Chiefs Visited Upper Agency — Assured 
Their Annuities Would Soon Arrive — Five Thousand Camped at Agency — Gov- 
ernment Warehouse Plundered — Soldiers Passive — Ameican Flag Cut Down — 
Excitement in Lower Agency — Quarreled With a White Man — Indians Fired, 
Killing Three — Large Number at Inquest — Indians Decided to Commence Mas- 
sacre — Little Crow Called on Early in the Morning — Messengers Sent — James 
Lynde Shot Dead — Indians Afraid to Go Upstairs — A Bold Dash to Escape — 
General Massaci'e Commenced — Red Devils Showed No Mercy. 

CHAPTER XLII. 
Indians Eager for Plunder — Wabashaw and Other Chiefs Joined — Dr. Hum- 
phreys — Frightful Massacres — Unparalleled Cruelty — Bravery of Captain Marsh 
— His Fate and That of Most of His Soldiers — Treachery of the Indians — Loy- 
alty of Other Day and His Relatives — Friendly Indians Warned Whites — Attack 
on Fort Ridgely — Attack on New Ulra — Aid Arrived in Time to Save the Town — 
Second Attack on Fort Ridgely — Narrow Escape of Henry Ballard. 

CHAPTER XLIII. 
Indian Charge at New Ulm — Whits Made the Mistake of Retreating by de- 
serted Houses — Indians took Shelter in Them — Sharp and Rapid Firing From 
Both Sides — Indians Set Fire to Houses and Advanced behind the Smoke — 
The Conflagration became general — Captain Dood's brave charge — Resulting in 
his death — Effective service by sharp shooters — Great Indian charge repulsed — 
A desperate half-breed — Col. Sibley's advance — Abandonment of New Ulm — Vic- 
tims of Indian quarreled — Defense of Forest City. 

CHAPTER XLIV. 

Little Crow saw the evitable — Peace negotiations opened — Indians had a 
large number of captives — Savages were divided among themselves— Battle of 



Wood l.vAie — One 'arge camp with 250 white prisoners surrendered — Womej: 
and children wept with joy — Military Commission organized. 

CHAPTER XLV. 
Desolate condition of the country — People of New Ulm attacked the prison- 
ers — Cainp IJncoln established at Mankato — A numbsr of Winnebagos tried— 
Pl'isoaers arraigned on written charges — Witnesses and testimony — Terrible 
murler of Cut Nose— Number of prisoners tried — Number sentenced to death 
aai number to imprisonment and number executed. 

CHAPTER XLVI. 

Treatment of the Condemned — How they seemed affected — Description of 
the condemned — Father Ravoux spent the whole night with them — Preparation 
for the execution — White Dog's request not granted — The half-breeds were most 
dejected — Ascending the scaffold — The death song was hideous — Nearly all their 
necks were broken. 

CHAPTER XVII. 

Repu'.uiran State convention, 1877 — Resolution expressing confidence in 
President Hayes defeated — Greenback and Democratic conventions — Their dec- 
larations — Resolution of the Woman's Suffrage Society — Resolutions adopted 
by the State Grange — The heaviest rain-storm of record — Fate of a railroad 
train — The dead and wounded — Amount of public land in 1878 — Report of 
Auditor of State — Kate Shelley's heroic act — Recognition by the State Legisla- 
ture and railroad company. 

CHAPTER XLVIII. 

Drive well patent contest — Case tried before Judgs Shiras and jury — Decis- 
ion against the defendant — The U. S. Supreme Court affirmed the decision — 
Decision saved the farmers over two million, dollars — The citizens who fought 
the suit deserve great praise. 

CHAPTER XLIX. 

Messa.^e of Governoi' Larrabee — Public debt reduced — An appeal for the 
prohibitoiy Ifvw — Reduced consumption of liquor — Duty of the legislature pow- 
er — Gov. Boles' inaugural address — Local option favored — What Iowa needs — 
Ett'ort to enact a local option law failed. 

CHAPTER L. 

Destructive .'lui-ricane — Gathered in Cherokee County — Graphic description 
— Two women killed m Rock Township — Destruction of Pomeroy — Shrieks of 
the wounded and groans*of the dying were appalling — Efforts to rescue — Num- 
ber of dead forty two — Gov. Boies" appeal for aid — Destructive railroad collision 
— Presidential eleetioUj 3 904. 

CHAPTER LI. 

What caused the death of our Presidents — George Washington, John Adams, 
Thomas Jefferson, Jttmes Madison, James Monroe, John Q. Adams, Andrew 
Jackson, Martin Van Buren, W. H. Harrison, John Tyler, James K. Polk, Zachary 
Tayloi", Millard Filmore, Franklin Pierce, James Bucnanan, Abraham Lincoln, 
Andrew Johnson, U. S. Grant, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur,R. B. Hayes,. 
William McKinley. 

CHAPTER LII. 

Wealth of our Presidents — The famous Connecticut blue laws — Valuable in- 
formation — Wonders of the body — Food and drink consumed by the average 
man — ElevatiOii above the sea level of 19 cities and points — Average fall of the 



Mississippi and Missouri Rivers — Punctuation Marlvs and Rules — Tributes to 
Women — Confucious, Voltaire, Adams, Whitteier, Gladstone, Barrett. 

CHAPTER LIII. 
Rise and decline of the 'IJatholic Church in the United States — Statement 
of the Very Reverend Dr. Slattery — What advocates of the Parochial School ai- 
firai — What the Berlin Germania says — Table of immigration and cencus by de- 
cades from 1790 to J 900, both dates inclusive — Catholic population inl902 — The 
cause of the great Joss — When and how the public schools were established — 
Great advantage of ihe Public Schools — Bishop Hennessey's preaching against 
them — Wliat he encountered — The reason why the Jew did not increase — Ad- 
stact history of the Jew — Number Moses led through the Red Sea — The early 
Christians — The tenth general persecution — Where relief came from — What St. 
Sylvester waiited — What the Emperor Constantine did — Evil results of segrigat- 
ion — Dubuque Public Schools — What the Poet Gray says^ — Comparison between 
the increase of the General and Catholic population — What Pope Leo XIII. says. 

CHAPTER LIV. 
W. J. Bryan's lecture — His appearance on the platform — What is the Value 
of an Ideal — How to raeasure life — A good class motto — Description of a noble 
life — The lecturer had three ambitions or ideals — The most important thing in 
dealing with young people^ — Entered politics by accident — Confidence game play- 
ed on a young man — The science of government — No patience with those who 
are too good to take part in politics — The boast of Roman matrons— What ought 
to be the boast of American mothers — Service the measure of greatness — What 
fixes man's place among his fellows — What sons of farmers, mechanics, mer- 
chants, etc. have ta:complished — Hull House and Jane Adams — The ideal of Tol- 
stoi — His change of ideals — The mystery of life — The period of skepticism — 
Materialism — Different ideals — Self-made men — Speculative spirit — What we 
need to-day— Domestic ideals — Commercial marriages — Business ideals — Ideals 
in politics — Corrupt lolitics — Voters paid for coming to the polls and voting — 
Some Democrats toUowed this bad example — Their excuse — Must have parties — 
What Jefferson said — Initiative and referendum — Switzerland the most demo- 
cratic-Rights of the people — No excuse for fraud — An honest platform — What 
Senator Hill said — A nation must have an ideal — Grand action towards cuba — 
Let flag stand for justice. 

CHAPTER LV. 
Story of Commodore Perry's Landing in Japan in 1853 — The day appointed 
— The advance boat — Letter to the Emperor of Japaa — Letter of the President 
of the United States Convention- — Commodore Perry's letter to the Emperor of 
Japan — Letter of credence — Receipt given to Perry — The procession — The re- 
ception building — Conference lasted two hours — Steamer moved slowly down 
the bay — Japan opened to the nations. 

CHAPTER LVI. 
Dates of important events which occurred in the United States and Colon- 
ies from the discovery by Christopher Columbus, October 12 1492, to date. Thi.s. 
is a very useful table. 



THE TELEGRAPH-HERALD'S ABRIDGED 

HISTORY OF THE STATE 

OF IOWA 

CHAPTER I. 

Inasmuch as the American Continents are Isolated on all sides, except at 
Behring Strait and the Polar region, by a wide expanse of ocean, it has been a 
question of much speculation, since their discovery by Columbus, as to how, 
at what time, and whence they were populated. Different theories have been 
advanced; one is that many years ago, those Continents were connected with 
Europe by a great Continent called "Atlas," which, long before the Christiafn 
era, sunk into the Atlantic Ocean. Another theory is that Ancient 
Navigators may have crossed the Atlantic Ocean and effected a settle- 
ment. Another theory is, and to our mind the most plausible one, that 
the ten lost tribes of Israel, who rebelled in the year 975 B. C. and established 
the Kingdom of Israel, which in the year 721 B. C. was overcome by Shalman- 
ser of Assyria and all of its inhabitants led into captivity. This put an end 
to the Kingdom of Israel, and also an end to the ten tribes, so far as history is 
concerned, for it makes no farther mention of them. They were no doubt col- 
onized by the Assyrians, and as they were a healthy, vigorous race of people, 
they increased and in time were liberated. Instead of returning to Jerusalem 
they may have wandered Northward along the Pacific Coast and after ages 
reached Behring Strait. At that time the channel was perhaps much narrower 
than it is now, or there may have been islands in it, sufficient to make it possi- 
ble for them to cross with their crude crafts. This theory is corroborated by 
statements made by Columbus that he "observed that the natives he discovered, 
practiced some of the Jewish customs," and the lowas, who inhabited this 
country, and after whom our state is named, had a tradition "that the Great 
Spirit made a man and a woman out of red clay and all the Indians spi'ung 
from them," and again, "it rained for a month and the whole world was de- 
stroyed, except a few that escaped in a big canoe," and all the Indian tribes 
claimed that they had come from a great distance, generally from the North- 
west. Towards the Pacific Ocean. These traditions were handed down from 
father to son from time immemorial. Archaeologists generally claim that the 
remains of two distinct races have been found in the valley of the Mississippi 
River. It is claimed also that the Mound Builders were different from the In- 
dians who pi-eceded the white man. There is, however, much speculation about 
this. Because they built mounds over their dead, and manifested some skill 
in manufacturing copper knives and axes., it does not follow that they were a 
different race. The custom of building mounds may have been dropped, and 
the art of working copper forgotten. Moreover, at least one mound was built 
about the year 1801. For the Commissioners appointed by President Jefferson 
in 1803 to explore the Louisiana Purchase, found a. mound recently built, twelve 
feet in diameter and eight feet high, erected on a prominent Missouri River 



126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

bluff, over the remains of Chief Omaha. This would indicate that the Indians 
still built mounds over their most illustrious dead. 

The first human skulls discovered resembled those of a Gorilla, having 
thick ridges over the eyes, and very low forehead, indicating a. low degree of 
intellect. Similar skulls have been found in Europe. The first inhabitants of 
the Mississippi River Valley, of which we have any evidence, are called Mound 
Builders. Stone and copper implements found indicates that they had made 
some progress in the scale of intelligence. As to their number, color, form of 
government; whether or not they cultivated the land and built comfortable 
houses, and how they constructed those mounds, is not and perhaps will never 
be known. In many of those mounds were found skeletons, partially pre- 
served; with vessels, pipes and ornaments. One opened in Dubuque County 
disclosed a vault divided into three cells. In the center one were found eight 
skeletons sitting in a circle, and in the center of the group was a drinking ves- 
sel made from a sea shell. The whole chamber was covered with logs pre- 
served in cement. Some very interesting mounds were found near Daven- 
port. Several of them were opened and found to contain sea shells, copper 
axes, hemispheres of copper, stone knives, pieces of Galena mica, pottery with 
coarse cloth which had been preserved by the copper. The pipes were of the 
Mound Builders' pattern. Some of them were covered with effigies of birds 
and animals. One bird had eyes of copper, another of pearl, showing much 
delicacy of manufacture and skill in carving. Eleven copper awls and twenty 
copper pipes were taken from those mounds. All of the mounds contained 
skeletons and ashes. Two contained altars of stone. In one tablets were 
found upon which hieroglyphics representing letters and figures of people, trees 
and animals. In one mound two skeletons were found, below these were layers 
of ashes and river shells, several feet thick. Beneath these three mature skel- 
etons were lying horizontally, and between them the skeleton of a child. Near 
them were five copper axes wrapped in cloth. Many of the mounds have been 
opened and found to contain, in addition to skeletons, evidence of ingenius 
and skilled work of a prehistoric race. If they were of the same line as the 
inhabitants of Central America, who erected the massive structures found in 
ruins on that portion of the Continent, their civilization must have been well 
advanced. That they existed in great numbers and through periods of many 
years there is no doubt. 

CHAPTER II. 

Iowa is one of the Central Western States of the Union. It is situated be- 
tween 40 degrees 20 minutes and 43 degrees 30 minutes North Latitude; and 90 
degrees 12 minutes and 96 degrees 38 minutes West Longitude. The center 
of the State is about on a line with the Northern boundary of California and 
Rhode Island, and is nearly midway between the two Oceans. Iowa is bounded 
on the West by the Missouri River, which separates it from South Dakota and 
Nebraska, and on the East by the Mississippi River, which separates it from 
Illinois and Wisconsin. It contains 56,025 square miles, being very near the 
size of Illinois or Wisconsin. In shape the State forms a rectangle, having an 
extreme length of 300 and a breadth of 208 miles. The North and South boun- 
daries are parallel. In area it is about equal to England and Wales. The 
North boundary separates it from Minnesota and the South boundary from 
Missouri. 

Its highest point is in the vicinity of Spirit Lake and its lowest at the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



127 



mouth of the Des Moines River. The distance between these points is about 
300 miles and the difference in altitude 1,200 feet, making an average slope of 
four feet to the mile. The slope from the Northeast corner of the State to the 
Southeast is thirteen inches to the mile. From the Northwest corner to the 
Southwest corner, twelve inches per mile, the Northwest corner to Spirit Lake 
five feet and five inches per mile. These figures give a general idea of the lay 
of the land. Its 35,856,000 acres constitute the finest body of agricultural land 
in the world. No bad lands, but few hills, all of which are good for grazing. 
Soil rich and well watered with sufficient rainfall. Its beds of coal are almost 
inexhaustible. 

Table showing the increase of population by decades from 1836 to 1900, and 
the agricultural products for the latter year, according to the United States 
Census for 1900: 

183G— 10,331 1840— 45,112 1850— 192,214 

ISCO— 674.713 1870—1,194,020 1880—1,624,615 

1890—1,911,896 1900—2,231,853 

Acres. Quantity. Value. 

Corn 9,804,076 383,453,190 bushels $97,297,707 

Wheat 7,689,705 22,769,440 bushels 11,457,808 

Oats 4,695,361 168,364,170 bushels 33,254,987 

Barley 627,851 18,059,060 bushels 5,343,363 

Clover Seed 15,114 bushels 69,640 

Grass Seed 1,276,958 bushels 1,146,123 

Hay and Forage 4,644,378 6,851,871 tons 30,042,246 

Rye 89,172 1,177,970 bushels 480,817 

Buckwheat 13,834 151,120 bushels 84,842 

Flax Seed . 126,452 1,413,380 bushels 1,380,103 

Kaffir Corn 66 1,408 bushels 552 

Broom Corn 2,220 1,178,120 bushels 50,636 

Tobacco 131 127,421 pounds 8,345 

Peanuts 7 127 bushels 164 

Dry Beans 2,427 24,903 bushels 24,470 

Potatoes 175,888 17,305,919 bushels 3,370,746 

Sweet Potatoes 2.688 224,622 bushels 128,981 

Onions . 1,185 292,097 bushels 177,088 

Other Vegetables 81,502 3,332,039 

Maple Sugar 2,320 pounds 280 

Maple Syrup 2,662 gallons 2,640 

Sorghum Cane 7,999 10,033 tons 29,125 

Sorghum Syrup 421,212 gallons 190,695 

Orchard Fruits 180,076 1,849,767 

Small Fruits 9,650 878,447 

Grapes 5,180 * 7,403,900 bushels 166,360 

Flowers and Plants 140 166,360 

Seeds " 71 7,044 

Nursery Products 2.905 619,192 

Nuts 3,265,628 

Fruit Products 3,265.628 

Miscellaneous 28,501 

Total 22,164564 $195,552, 544 



128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Quantity. Value. 

Cattle all year on Farm 5,367,630 $142,518,902 

Horses all year on Farm 1,392,573 77,720,577 

Mules all year on Farm 57,579 3,737,529 

Sheep all year on Farm 1,056,718 3,956,142 

Swine 9,723,541 43,764,176 

Goats 41,468 146.708 

Poultry 20,043,343 6,535,464 

Be . es, Swarms 138,811 443,923 

Unclassified 

Total $278,830,096 

Number. 

Cattle of all ages not on farm 79,880 

Horses 150,775 

Mules . 5,741 

Sheep 2,857 

Swine 128,138 

Goats 800 

The territory now included in the State of Iowa was prior to 1762 claimed 
by threp different foreign countries, Spain, England and France. Spain based 
her claim to title on the Discovery of North America by Columbus in 1492, and 
on a grant from Pope Alexander VI., made in 1493, to Ferdinand and Isabella, 
king and queen of Aragon and Castile, of all the continents, inhabited by infi- 
dels, which they had discovered, said grant being assigned to their heirs and 
successors, the Kings of Castile and Leon. By the partition agreed upon by 
Spain and Portugal, Spain was allotted all of North America. England claimed 
title through the discovery of America in 1498, by John Cabot, who, together 
with his sons, had been granted a patent of discovery, possession and trade by 
Henry VII., King of England. The claim of France was based on the actual 
discovery of Iowa Territory by Father Marquette and Louis Joliet, in June, 
1673, and upon the discoveries made by Robert La Salle, in 1682, who had been 
granted a patent by Louis XIV., in 1678, permitting him to explore the Western 
part of New France. La Salle descended the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, 
explored the shores of the Gulf of Mexico to the Westward, and on the 9th of 
April, 1G82, proclaimed the rivers and all lands drained by them to be by 
right of discovery the dominion of Louis XIV., King of France, and he named 
the country Louisiana in honor of his King. 

The ownership of the Territory of Louisiana was not definitely settled 
until 1763. In 1762 a preliminary treaty, known as the act of Fontainbleau, was 
signed between England, France and Spain, by which it was agreed that the 
boundary betv/een the Provinces of England and France should be irrevocably 
fixed by a line drawn in the middle of the Mississippi River; the French pos- 
sessions lying West and the English possessions East of said line. By this 
treaty Iowa was definitely placed in the Louisiana Province, and all rights of 
claimants through charters and grants made by the Kings of England in the 
Seventeenth Century were terminated. The treaty of Paris, which was signed 
by the three countries in the following year, confirmed the boundaries agreed 
upon in the preliminary treaty. 

Louis XV., King of France, secretly ceded to Spain in 1762, all the French 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129 



Possessions lying beyond the Mississippi River. Spain took formal possession 
of the Province of Louisiana in 1769, and retained control of this vast territory 
until ISOO, when the treaty of St. Idlefonso was concluded, Spain agreeing to 
recede the Province of Louisiana to France upon the fulfillment of certain con- 
siderations to be performed by the French Republic. This treaty was suc- 
ceeded in the following year by the treaty of Madrid, which provided that the 
retrocession of Louisiana, as agreed upon in the treaty of St. Idlefonso, should 
be carried out. 

In 1S03, for a consideration of $15,000,000, France relinquished to the 
Linited States all her right and title to the territory lying West of the Mississ- 
ippi River and North and East of the Spanish possessions. This transaction 
is known as the "Louisiana Purchase." The United States thus acquired pos- 
session of a vast domain, out of which there have been formed the states of 
Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, North and South Dakota, all of Indian 
Territory, the major parts of the states of Louisiana, Kansas, Montana, and 
Wyoming, nearly all of the Oklahoma Territory, and a large portion of the 
State of Colorado. 

CHAPTER III. 

In 1538 Narvaez was appointed by Charles V. of Spain, Governor of Florida. 
He fitted out an expedition of five ships and four hundred men. After endur- 
ing hardships not easily described, all perished but one, Alavrd Nunez, the sole 
survivor, who reached a Spanish settlement after ten years of wandering. De 
Soto was the next freebooter to try his hand. He organized a fleet of ten ships, 
manned by over 1,000 men. Like his predecessor, Narvaez, his purpose was to 
get gold. They had no respect or consideration for the natives. Plunder, mur- 
der and rapine were resorted to. They proved to be a band of freebooters in 
quest of fortune and plunder. An army, rendered cruel and ferocious by ava- 
rice, ready to march to any point where they might plunder Indian villages 
supposed to be stored with gold or other riches. 

The natives soon discovered that they must fight; either fight and exter- 
minate the invaders or be exterminated by them. And De Soto, before he had 
proceeded far into the trackless woods, had reason to believe he had taken the 
wrong course. The natives hounded his army day and night, and after a disas- 
trous siege about 250 returned to the Spanish settlement. Both of these expe- 
ditions spent some time in the Mississippi River Valley. De Soto found a 
grave in the Great River. 

England and Portugal sent out exploring parties, who were equally cruel 
and unjust to the Indians. In fact, for the first century after the discovery of 
America, the Indians were treated like wild animals, having no rights that the 
white men were obliged to respect. But a new era was introduced by the 
Brotherhood of Jesus, or, as they are better known, the Jesuits. This society 
was organized about the year 1540. Ignatius, its founder, who held a high rank 
in the Spanish army, was wounded at the siege of Pampeluna, and while con- 
valescing, in the hospital, he i-ead the lives of the Saints, and on reflection con- 
cluded he was fighting on the wrong side. That he was fighting against huf 
manity when he ought to be battling for God and humanity. He conferred 
with a few friends, and the result was that nine men of the rank pledged them- 
selves to devote their lives to the cause of God and humanity. After studying 
Theology for about three years, they went to Rome and made an offer of their 
services to Pope Paul III. He applauded their zeal, and after another three 



130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



years' course of study, they were erected into a religious body, under the name 
of the Society of Jesus. Others soon joined and the society became in a short 
time numerically strong. The New World was their objective point and they 
penetrated nearly every part of it. Bancroft says of the Jesuits: "The history 
of their labor is connected with nearly every celebrated town in the annals of 
French America. Not a river was entered, not a cape turned, but a Jesuit led 
the way. Although certain privations and suffering was their lot, and martyr- 
dom might be the crown of their labors, they ventured into the remotest re- 
gions and among the most warlike tribes." The Jesuit revelation, given by 
Father Claude Dablon in 1670, in his account of the Illinois Indians, says: 
"These people were the first to come to Green Bay to trade with the French. 
They are settled in the midst of a beautiful country away southward towards 
th great river named 'Missipo.' It takes its rise in the North, flowing towards 
the South, discharging its waters into the Sea. All the vast country through 
which it flows is of prairie without trees. It is beyond this river that the Illin- 
ois live, and from which are detached the Muscatines, which signifies a land 
bare of trees." None of the early French explorers seem to have suspected 
that this Great River so often told of by the Indians was the same river discov- 
ered by De Soto one hundred and thirty years before. 

CHAPTER IV. 

The French Jesuit, Father Marquette, was the first white man to set foot 
on Iowa soil. He had spent many years with the Indians in the vicinity of 
Green Bay building churches and teaching and preaching to them. The Indians 
held him in high esteem. They had a warm affection for the good Missionary 
who had devoted the best years of his life to their welfare. He had resolved 
to go farther west and see the Great River, which he had heard of so often. 
The Indians besought him with tears not to undertake so perilous a journey, 
but he had resolved to go. Louis Joliet, with five experienced voyagers, em- 
barked with him May 13th, 1673, in two birch bark canoes. Arriving at the 
Western extremity of the French explorations, they engaged two Miami guides 
to pilot them to the Wisconsin River. They floated down that river to where 
it empties into the Mississippi River, when they were delighted at beholding 
the magnificent river so often heard of. The largest on the continent. This 
was on June 17th 1673. They felt the inspiration of their great discovery. All 
about them was an unknown region, not a human being was to be seen. They 
landed from time to time, made camps, killed game and caught fish. They as- 
cended the bluffs and saw in the distance boundless prairies, upon which were 
herds of buffalo and elk. The explorers passed between shores of unsurpassed 
beauty, where Dubuque, Clinton, Davenport, Rock Island, Muscatine, Burling- 
ton and other flourishing towns and cities now stand. On June 28th they 
landed on the West shore and discovered human foot prints in the sand. They 
traced them to a path which led up the bluff. Leaving their companions in 
charge of the boats, Marquette and Joliet followed the trail Westward for sev- 
eral miles, till nearing a fringe of timber a column of smoke was seen and soon 
after a tent was discovered erected in a grove. It proved to be part of an In- 
dian village. It was built on the bank of a small river, the shores of which 
were shaded by a beautiful fringe of timber. The natives were astonished to 
see white men, but no hostile demonstrations were made. It is likely that few 
if any of these Indians had ever seen a European before. The Indians made 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 



signs of friendship and offered the pipe of peace. They proved to be a band 
of the Illinois tribe, and had two other villages a few miles distant. The river 
on which they were living, was called by them, the Mon-in-go-na. Marquette 
was well enough acquainted with the language of the Illinois tribe of Indians to 
converse with the villagers. When he had explained who they were, the object 
of their visit and the pleasure it afforded them to meet some of the inhabitants 
of that delightful country, the Indians gave the explorers a very cordial wel- 
come. One of the chiefs delivered the following address: I thank the black 
gown chief, and his friend, for taking so much pains to come and see us. Never 
before has the earth been so beautiful nor the sun so bright as now. Never 
has the river been so calm and free from rock, which your canoes have removed 
as they passed down. Never has the tobacco had so fine a flavor, nor our corn 
appeared so beautiful as we behold it now. Ask the Great Spirit to give us life 
and health, and come ye and live with us." 

At the conclusion of the chief's address they were invited to a feast which 
the squaws had prepared, and which Marquette describes as follows: "It con- 
sisted of four courses. First, there was a large bowl filled with a preparation 
of corn meal boiled in water and seasoned with oil. The Indian conducting the 
ceremonies had a large wooden spoon which he dipped in the mixture, called 
by them Tagamety, and passed it in turn into the mouths of the different mem- 
bers of the party. The second course was fish, nicely cooked and separated 
from the bones and placed in the mouths of the guests. The third course was 
a roasted dog, which our explorers declined with thanks, when it was at once 
removed from sight. The last course was roast buffalo, the fattest pieces of 
which were passed to the visitors. It was excellent meat and nicely cooked." 
Marquette and Joliet were delighted with the beautiful country. The fish and 
game were plentiful, and the friendly reception by the Indians, all conspired to 
give the explorers a lofty conception of both the country and its inhabitants. 
This was Iowa as seen by the first white man. For six days they remained 
with their Indian friends, hunting and fishing and living on the best the land 
could produce. The natives exerted themselves to provide every entertainment 
for them, and urged them to prolong their stay. When Marquette and "his 
party could not be induced to remain longer, more than six hundred Indians 
escorted them back to the river, where their canoes were moored, and regret- 
fully bade them good-bye. The Indians watched the white men, waving them 
farewell, until they disappeared in a bend in the river. The place where they 
landed is supposed to be where Montrose now stands. A complete record of 
their trip and a description and chart of the country were kept by Joliet, but 
unfortunately were lost. Father Marquette's chief interest in all his daring 
expeditions into unknown regions was the conversion of the Indians to Chris- 
tianity. He made but few notes or records of his travels. Fierce feuds and 
savage warfare have prevailed among the tribes of Indians; but the first white 
man that came among them was met with warm welcome and substantial tokens 
of friendship. The French, doubtless under the influence of the Jesuits, who 
led them in nearly all their explorations treated the Indians with kindness and 
respected their rights. The people of nearly all other nations regarded and 
treated them as savages having no rights that white men were bound to rev' 
spect. The French lived with peace and security among them, while the En- 
glish, Spanish and Portuguese made war upon them which brought retaliation 
and massacre of men, women and children. Father Marquette won the con- 
fidence and esteem of the Indians, and when he and his party bade farewell to 



132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the Illinois chief, the latter presented him with the pipe of peace. The sacred 
calumet, ornamented with brilliant feathers. This suspended from the neck, 
was a safeguard among all the savage tribes that he might encounter in his 
journey. 

CHAPTER V. 

In latitude 33 degrees they met a fierce tribe of Indians of the Michigamie 
nation. These natives had heard, no doubt, by tradition, of the invasions of 
De Soto, one hundred and thirty years before, and the atrocities perpetrated on 
their ancestors. At first sight of the canoes manned by white men, the alarm 
was sounded. A large band of warriors assembled, and, armed with bows and 
arrov/s, tomahawks and war clubs, embarked in their canoes and advanced with 
yells of defiance upon the seven Frenchmen. The fearless Marquette, unawed 
by the impending danger, held aloft the sacred calumet. Seeing the token 
of peace, the Indian chief restrained his men, and in turn made signs of peace. 
He invited Marquette and his party to the village, where for several days they 
were entertained with hospitality. They descended nearly to the mouth of 
the Arkansas River, a distance of more than 1,100 miles. They had learned 
that the Great River they had discovered emptied into the Gulf of Mexico, at a 
distance of about 600 miles from where they were encamped. The object of 
the expedition was accomplished, the party had entered a region where the 
language learned by Marquette was unknown, and it was difficult to communi- 
cate or procure information from the natives. The Indians were hostile and 
might at any time attack the little company. Should these men be killed all 
their valuable discoveries would be lost to France. Moreover, they were liable 
to come upon Spanish settlements or freebooters, of which they were as much 
in dread as the Indians. Hence they concluded it was their duty to return to 
Canada and report the result of their long and interesting voyage. Propelling 
the canoes up stream in hot weather was not such an easy task, but energy and 
perseverance accomplished it. Arriving at the mouth of the Illinois River, they 
heard from the Indians that this river afforded a much shorter route to the 
Great Lakes than the Wisconsin River. They therefore ascended it for two 
weeks and then crossed the Illinois prairie from its head to the Chicago River, 
and followed that stream to the shore of Lake Michigan. Father Marquette 
died in 1675 at the age of 38 years. His country was mankind. The following 
lines written by a traveler, who was not a member of his church, gives an idea 
of his peaceful death: 

"His solitary grave was made 

Beside thy water, Michigan; 
In the forest shade the bones were laid 

Of a world wandering man. 
Discoverer of a world; he sleeps 

By all the world unknown; 
No mausaleum marks the spot, 

Nor mnoumental stone. 
He died alone; no pious hand 

Smoothed down the pillows for his head: 
No watching follower reared the tent 

Or strewed the green leaves for his bed. 
His followers left the holy man 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 

Beside a rustic altar lineeling, 
The slanting sunbeams' sitting rays 

Through the thick forest branches stealing. 
x\n hour had passed and they returned; 

They found him lying where he knelt, 
But Oh! how changed; the calm of death 

Upon his marble features dwelt, 
Even while he prayed, his living soul 

Had to His native Heaven fled; 
While the last twilight's holiest beam 

Fell like a glory on his head." 



CHAPTER VI. 

In 1710 the first African Negroes were taken into the new French Colony 
■and slavery established in Louisiana. In 1717 the entire trade of the Mississ- 
ippi River was granted by a charter from the French King to a Western Com- 
pany for twenty-five years. The company under its charter was obligated to 
introduce 6,000 white settlers and 3,000 slaves. War was waged between En- 
gland and France from 1756 to 1762, for the conquest of Canada, and in 1763 
France ceded to Eligland all her territory East of the Mississippi River, except 
a region East of New Orleans. The King of France about the same time, by a 
secret treaty, ceded to Spain the entire country West of the Mississippi River 
known as Louisiana. Thus, after nearly one hundred years' possession, the 
entire interests of France were turned over and the French inhabitants became 
unwilling subjects of Spain and England. When Spain secured possession of 
Louisiana she puts an embargo on the Mississippi River, which made it very 
inconvenient for the Americans, and after making several unsuccessful attempts 
to induce her to raise it. Congress in 1788 declared "that the navigation of the 
Mississippi River is a clear and essential right of the United States and that it 
ought to be enforced." This developed a war cloud above the horizon, and al- 
though Spain realized her danger, she procrastinated hoping to win the people 
of the Mississippi Valley to her side. But they were too firmly wedded to the 
Union. Finally the American minister at Madrid proposed that if Spain would 
cede to the United States, her possessions East of the Mississippi River, in- 
cluding the islands and City of New Orleans, the United States would make 
no claim to the vast territory West of the river, as her real interests would 
then require that Spain retain her possessions West of it. Since the free navi- 
gation of the river was of such prime necessity to the United States, it must 
sooner or later be conceded. The minister said: "This is the decree of Prov- 
idence written on every map of the Continent, and it cannot be perverted by 
any human agency. Would it not be the part of wisdom to anticipate an irre- 
pressible event peacefully, and cement a lasting friendship with the United 
States on this basis of mutual benefit and interest." In 1795 the matter was 
settled by treaty, making the middle of the Mississippi River the Western 
T?oundary of the United States from the 31st degree of North Latitude to its 
source, and navigation made free to its mouth. Under the brilliant young 
counsel. Napoleon Bonaparte, France became the most powerful nation of Eu- 
rope, and as her people had not become reconciled to the manner in which 
Louisiana was taken from them, Napoleon resolved to restore it to France, 



134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and in 1801 a treaty was made, by which Spain ceded to France all the Province 
of Louisiana, but before Napoleon could take possession of it, England and her 
allies were pressing the French armies so hard that Napoleon feared the power- 
ful British navy would secure and blockade the ports of Louisiana; thus cutting 
France off from her possessions so recently acquired. The French and Amer- 
icans were traditional friends, and in order to save Louisiana from England, 
Napoleon determined to transfer it to a friendly power able to defend it, and in 
180.3 sold it to the United States for $15,000,000. 

The almost unexplored country comprising Louisiana, had been discovered 
by Spanish adventurers in 1542, but they abandoned it for one hundred and 
thirty years, when French explorers took possession fo it, in the name of their 
King. It was held by France from 1681 to 1763, when it was ceded to Spain. 
Up to the close of the Revolutionary War, Virginia claimed the territory lying 
west of the Ohio River, as well as Kentucky. This claim was ceded to the 
United States in 1784. In the same year a treaty was made with the Sioux In- 
dians, who claimed a portion of the territory, by which they relinquished their 
claim to all lands west of the State of New York. In 1785 Congress passed an 
act providing for the survey of public lands. These lands were divided into 
Townships six miles square. The ranges to be numbered from the boundary 
of Pennsylvania west, and the Townships north from a point on the Ohio River 
due north or the western terminus of the southern boundary of Pennsylvania. 
These townships were divided into thirty-six sections one mile square. This 
was the origin of our excellent system of surveying, dividing and describing 
public lands. Afterwards the law was amended to the extent of laying off the 
land in checks twenty-four miles north and south, and forty-two miles east and 
west. This was divided into townships and sections, and the fractions thrown 
on the west side of the check, and township. In 1786 Congress adopted a joint 
resolution providing that not less than three nor more than five States should 
be organized out of the new territory. 

CHAPTER VII. 

In 1787 Congress passed an act by which all the country lying North and 
West of the Ohio River, and East of the Mississippi River, was organized into 
the Northwest Territory. This embraced what has since become the States of 
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. Seventeen million acres of 
land had been acquired by treaty with the various tribes of Indians, and the 
ordinance provided for its organization, forever prohibitng the introduction of 
slavery within its limits. This prohibition was introduced by Thomas Jefferson, 
author of the Declaration of Independence, and afterwards President of the 
United States. The wresting of Iowa from the Indians was attended with but 
little of the cruelties of war which followed the advent of the English, Spanish 
and Portuguese invaders of other parts of America. Three hundred years of 
sturdy but unrewarded resistance to the advance of the European races, had 
exhausted the original fire and unyielding courage of the Indians, and impressed 
them with the gloomy conviction that further resistance must be futile. Nation 
after nation of their ancestors had been vanquished in the unequal contest. 
Slowly but surely they had been dispossessed of their hunting grounds and 
home. The most powerful tribes had disappeared in the warfare. Their lands 
had been peopled by the white man, who forced the savage step by step West- 
ward. Their conquerors must be their historian, and justice demands that we 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 



shall record their virtues as well as their vices. If they were cruel, treacher- 
ous, revengeful and merciless as enemies, it is no less true that they were 
brave, warm, hospitable, devoted and loyal friends. They were as ready to 
risk life in defense of a friend as they were to tomahawk, scalp and burn their 
enemies and prisoners. They resisted the invasion of their country with a 
stern and relentless ferocity, born of ages of barbarism, torturing and extermi- 
nating the despoilers of their homes. 

When Iowa was first explored by the whites, the Dakota Indians were found 
in possesion of Minnesota and Northern Iowa. This family consisted of the 
following tribes: The Iowa's, Omahas, Osages, Winnebagos, Muscatines, Otoes, 
and Sissetons. The Algonquin family consisted of the Illinois, Foxes, Chippe- 
was, Attouays, Pottawattamies, and Sioux, occupied North Missoui'i and South 
Iowa. Fierce wars were waged between those tribes and frequently until the 
weaker tribe was exterminated. The last battle fought between the lowas on 
one side and the Sacs and Foxes on the other, was near the town of lowaville. 
Here in the year 1824 the lowans had assembled in great numbers to witness a 
horse race on the river bottoms about two miles from their village. Most of 
their warriors were present, unarmed and unconscious of the impending danger. 
The Sacs and Foxes were led by their Chief Pashepaho, assisted by Black 
Hawk, wh(3 was then a young man unknown to fame. Their spies had watched 
the assembling of the lowas and reported their number. The Sacs and Fox 
braves were in ambush in a forest near by. The old chief had two divisions, 
in the stealthy attack, while young Black Hawk was sent with a third division 
to capture and burn the village. At a moment when all eyes were bent on an 
exciting race, the terrible warwhoop burst upon their ears and the fierce Sac 
and Fox warriors rushed like an avalanche upon the unarmed and panic- 
stricken crowd. The Iowa warriors made a dash for their village, where their 
arms had been left, only to find it in fiames. The agonizing shrieks from their 
wives and children, mingled with the yells of young Black Hawk's band, as the 
tomahawks fell upon the defenseless villagers, nerved the Iowa braves to su- 
perhuman exertions. But few of their arms could be found in the confusion 
and the men, women and children were massacred by hundreds. In their hope- 
less efforts to protect their families, they fought with clubs and stones, and, 
seeing the utter futility of their resistance, the remnant of the band finally sur- 
rendered. Their power was broken, their proud spirit crushed by this disaster, 
and the survivors never recovered from the blow. They lingered in despair 
about the ruins of their village and the graves of their dead, gloomy and hope- 
less. 

The renown of this once powerful tribe had departed. They moved from 
place to place through Southern Iowa and Northern Missouri. They ceased as 
an individual tribe to hold any portion of the State to which their name had 
been given. In 1820 they sold their undivided interests in their Iowa lands to 
the United States. At this time their number were estimated at 1.000, and 
their principal villages in the Valley of the Little Platte River. In 1838 they 
ceded their entire interests in Iowa to the Unted States for $157,500, whch was 
kept in trust; the interest at 5 per cent is paid annually to the tribes. The 
remnant of the tribe accepted lands West of the Missouri River, with the Sacs 
and Foxes their conquerors. They soon after outnumbered the tribes that sub- 
dued them and are partially civilized. During the Civil War they were loyal to 
the Union and many of them enlisted in the army, making good soldiers. In 
October, 1901, they finally surrendered their tribal organization and accepted 



136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

lands in severalty. The lowans were worshippers of the Great Spirit, the Cre- 
ator and Ruler of the Universe. They have a tradition that a very long time 
ago the Great Spirit "made a man and a woman out of red clay, and all the 
Indians sprung from them," and another tradition is that "it rained for a month 
and drowned all living animals and human beings except a few who escaped in 
a big canoe." They regarded rattlesnakes and a certain species of hawks with 
veneration. Unlike most of the Indian tribes they were chaste in their social 
relations. Illegitimate children were never found among them. We give this 
extended account of this tribe on account of its relation to Iowa, and our State 
being named after it. Equally interesting accounts could be given of the other 
tribes, but our space will not admit of such detail. It may, however, be of in- 
terest to give a description of an Indian village, and for that purpose we will 
select the Sac village on the Rock Valley. Black Hawk, in his autobiography, 
says it was built in 1751; it was named Sahkenhk. This was for more than 
fifty years the largest village of the Sacs, and contained in 1825 a population of 
not less than eight thousand. The houses were substantially built, and were 
from thirty to one hundred feet in length, and from sixteen to fifty feet wide. 
They were built with a frame of poles covered with sheeting of elm bark, fas- 
tened with thorns of buckskin. The doors were three by six feet, and before 
them were suspended buffalo robes. These houses were divided into rooms 
separated by a hall, extending the length of the building. Fire pits were pro- 
vided with opening for the smoke. The beds were made of skins of animals, 
thrown over elevated frames of poles. Half a mile East of town was a bold 
promontory rising 200 feet from the bed of Rock River. This was known as 
"Blacli Hawk's Watch Tower," and was the favorite resort of the famous Sac 
chieftain. Hei'e he would sit smoking his pipe, enjoying the grand scenery for 
hours. Here he was born, and his father before him, one of the greatest Sac 
chiefs. It is to his credit that he clung to his old home, and fought his last 
hopeless battle against overwhelming numbers of well equipped troops in de- 
fence of his native land. 

CHAPTER VIII. 

In 1804 a few chiefs of the Sac and Fox Nations, sold fifty-one million acres 
of land lying in the East side of the Mississippi River, between St. Louis and 
the Wisconsin River, for the insignificant sum of $2,234 worth of goods and 
$1,000 in money per year. Black Hawk and several other chiefs repudiated 
this treaty, and claimed that the chiefs making it had no authority to dispose 
of this immense tract of land, including the site of the principal and oldest vil- 
lage of the true Sac Nation. These chiefs were sent to St. Louis to secure the 
release of a prominent member of their tribe who was charged with murdering 
a white man, and Black Hawk always asserted that they had no right to dis- 
pose of these lands. When it was claimed that he had subsequently ratified the 
treaty of 1804 with his own signature, he asserted that he had been deceived, 
and did not intend to dispose of the lands. In 1814 Major Taylor was sent, with 
a detachment of 334 soldiers, up the Mississippi River by boat, with orders to 
destroy the corn fields of the Sacs and Foxes and burn their villages. 

The Indians were located on both sides of the river, in the vicinity of Rock 
Island and Davenport. They rallied from all sides to the attack. A detach- 
ment of British soldiers, from Prairie du Chien, joined them, and the battle 
lasted for three hours. The Indians, led by Black Hawk, fought with great 
courage to save their homes, and Taylor was driven back with great loss and 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 137 

compelled to retreat. Black Hawk had become an ally of the British on the 
promise that they would aid him to drive the Americans out of the valley which 
he claimed and refused to abandon. But when the war closed and the British 
were unable to aid him further, he returned to his old home at Rock River and 
found that Keokuk had become a chief of the party friendly to the Americans. 
In 1815 a large council of Sacs and Foxes met at the mouth of the Missouri 
River and ratified the treaty of 1804. Black Hawk and a few minor chiefs with- 
held their assent. 

In 1824 the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all lands lying be- 
tween the Mississippi and Des Moines Rivers, except a small portion lying at 
the junction of the rivers afterwards known as the "half-breed tract," which 
they reserved for the families of the white men who married Indian wives. In 
1825 an agreement was reached in council at Prairie du Chien, fixing the South 
boundary of the Sioux country, separating the hunting grounds from that of the 
Sac, Fox and Iowa Indians on the South. It began at the mouth of the Upper 
Iowa River, extending Westward to its fork in Winneshiek County; then West 
to the Red Cedar, in Black Hawk County; then West to the East fork of the 
Des Moines in Humboldt County; then in a direct line West to the lower fork 
of the Big Sioux, in Plymouth County; then following that river to its junction 
with the Missouri River. In 1828 the Sioux and Winnebagos, then in alliance, 
sent an invitation to the Sac and Fox chiefs near Dubuque, to meet them in 
council and forever bury the hatchet. The Fox chiefs, unsuspicious of treach- 
ery, started towards the place of meeting. On the same evening as they were 
in camp for the night on the Bast shore of the Mississippi River, near the 
mouth of the Wisconsin River, they were fired upon by more than a thousand 
Sioux warriors. Rushing from their hiding place, the treacherous Sioux killed 
all but two of the Foxes, who plunged into the river and swam to the West 
shore, carrying the news to their villagers. Stung to desperation by this act of 
treachery, the Foxes prepared to avenge the murder of their chiefs. A war 
party was organized, and led by the newly elected chiefs, they embarked in 
canoes and landed in the vicinity of the enemy, concealing themselves in the 
dense woods and underbrush. Towards midnight they crossed the river and 
crept silently upon the sleeping foe. Nerved by the spirit of revenge, they si- 
lently buried their tomahawks in the heads of seventeen Sioux chiefs and war- 
riors and escaped to their canoes without the loss of a man. The war between 
the Sioux, and the Sacs and Foxes was waged for many years. 

CHAPTER IX. 

Black Hawk and his followers always repudiated the treaty of 1804, feeling 
that they had been wronged. The whites who were swarming around them, 
fearing hostilities, demanded their removal. Collisions took place from time to 
time, and in 1830 Black Hawk and his tribes, returning from their annual hunt- 
ing excursion, found the lands had been surveyed and sold to white settlers. 
Their cabins had been seized and occupied, and their women and children were 
shelterless along the river. Black Hawk drove the whites from the village and 
restored the wigwams to their owners. The whites called on Governor Rey- 
nolds, of Illinois, for assistance, and he called on Gen. Graves to bring an army 
strong enough to expel the Indians. On the 25th day of June. 1831, Gen. 
Graves, with 1,600 mounted men, took possession of the Sac village, driving the 
Indians from their homes to the West side of the river. On the 30th dav of 



138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

June, Gov. Reynolds and Gen. Graves, at the point of the bayonet, dictated the 
terms with the Sac chief, by which the Indians were prohibited from returning 
to the East side of the river without the permission of the United States au- 
thorities. It was now too late to plant corn or grain, and the autumn found 
them without food for the winter. 

In April, 1832, Black Hawk, with his followers, including women and chil- 
dren, crossed to the East side of the river near the mouth of the Rock River. 
He declared the purpose of his journey was to join the Winnebagos. General 
Atkinson, in command of Fort Armstrong, on Rock Island, sent a message to 
Black Hawk, commanding him to return immediately to the West side. Black 
Hawk refused to comply with the order, stating that his people were suffering 
for food. He sent word to Gen. Atkinson that they were on a peaceable mis- 
sion, their purpose being to join the Winnebagos, who had invited them to 
come and help raise a crop of corn. Gov. Reynolds, upon hearing of the return 
of the Sacs, called out the militia to aid the regulars at Fort Armstrong, to 
drive them out of the State. Gen. Whiteside was placed in command of the 
Illinois militia, numbering about 2,000 men. One of the captains serving under 
him was Abraham Lincoln, afterwards President of the United States. Serving 
under Atkinson, Lieutenant-Colonel Taylor, who was elected President in 1848, 
Lieutenant Jeff Davis, afterwards President of the Southern Confederacy, and 
Captain W. S. Harvey, afterwards a distinguished general. The militia burned 
the Indian village at Prophetstown, and then joined the regulars under Gen. 
Atkinson. The combined army numbered about 2,000, while Black Hawk had 
less than 500 warriors. Black Hawk's little band was now at Dixon's Ferry. 
Major Stillman, with 275 mounted volunteers, was anxious for a fight, and Gen. 
Whiteside sent him out in the direction of the Sac camp to make observations. 
Black Hawk, hearing of Stillman's approach, sent three young men with a flag 
of truce to conduct Major Stillman into camp, that they might hold a confer- 
ence. Five more young warriors were sent by the Sac chief to watch the re- 
ception of his messengers. When the messengers bearing the flag of truce 
reached Stillman's camp, they were taken prisoners, and one of them was shot. 
As the second party of five approached the camp, they were fired upon and tWo 
of them killed. The others escaped and reported to Black Hawk the slaughter 
of his messengers. The Sac chief had but forty warriors with him, the main 
body being encamped ten miles distant. The three Indians who escaped were 
pursued by the militia into Black Hawk's camp. The fearless old chief con- 
cealed his forty warriors in the brush and prepared for battle. As Major Still- 
man aproached with his entire force, the Indians in hiding opened fire upon him 
and gave a terrific warwhoop. The volunteers fired one volley and then fled 
in a wild panic as the forty Sac warriors poured hot shot into their ranks. 
Eleven of the volunteers were killed. As they fled their provisions and camp 
equipments were abandoned. The fugitives scattered into little parties, and 
continued their wild flight until thirty miles were placed between them and the 
enemy. Fifty of them kept on until they found shelter in their homes; re- 
porting as they ran an overwhelming force of Indians in close pursuit. The 
wanton murder of his messengers and the attack upon his camp incensed Black 
Hawk, and he prepared as best he could to defend his people to the last. After 
several battles against greatly superior numbers, the Indians were gradually 
driven to the Wisconsin River. Gen. Dodge, with two brigades of mounted 
men, now came upon the remnant of the tribe, and killed sixty-eight of them. 
The Indians fought with great bravery, and when driven to the river, made a 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 139 



heroic ytand against overwhelmingly odds; checking for several hours the pur- 
suit, until the women and children crossed the river. A few years before his 
death Jeff Davis wrote as follows: "This was the most brilliant exhibition of 
military tactics that I ever witnessed; a feat of most consummate management 
and bravery in the face of an enemy of greatly superior numbers. I never read 
of anything that could be compared with it. Had it been performed by white 
men, it would have been immortalized as one of the most splendid achievements 
of military history.' 

Black Hawk modestly says of this struggle at the river: "In this struggle 
with fifty braves, I defended and accomplished my purpose on the Wisconsin, 
with a loss of only six men, though assailed by a host of mounted militia. I 
would not have fought there but to gain time for our women and children to 
cross to an island. A warrior will duly appreciate the disadvantages I labored 
under. Sixty-eight Sacs fell in this brilliant retreat and battle; but a remnant 
of the tribe was saved. An attempt was made to escape by rafts and canoes 
down the Wisconsin River, but the soldiers, from safe shelter on the shore, 
killed men, women and children in their flight. Many were drowned and others 
sought shelter in the woods and died of starvation." On the first of August, 
Black Hawk had gathered the remnant of his band on the bank of the Mississ- 
ippi, and offered to surrender. But the soldiers who crowded the Steamer 
"Warrior" were ordered to fire en the white flag Black Hawk raised in token of 
surrender. Twenty-three of his men were thus killed while offering no resist- 
ance. The next day the Indians were attacked by the combined forces of Gen- 
erals Dodge, Henry Alexander, and Posey and shot down again without mercy. 
Men, women and children were killed like wild animals as they sought to escape 
by swimming the river. More than 300 Indians were thus massacred and the 
slaughter was dignified by the name of "The Battle of Bad Axe." 

Black Hawk and a few of his followers escaped, but were captured by 
treacherous Indians, delivered up to Col. Taylor and by him sent to Jefferson 
Barracks, near St. Louis. Thus ended the Black Hawk War, in which the 
whites lost about two hundred killed and the Indians about five hundred men, 
women and children. The cost to our Government was about two million dol- 
lars. Black Hawk was taken by his captors to Washington in 1835, and when 
presnted to Gen. Jackson, stood unawed before the President, remarking, "I am 
a man, you are another." He then addressed the President as follows: "We 
did not expect to conquer the whites. They had too many men. I took up the 
hatchet to avenge injuries my people could no longer endure. Had I remained 
longer without striking, my people would have said, Black Hawk is a squaw; 
he is too old to be our chief; he is no Sac. These considerations and reflections 
caused me to raise the warwhoop. The result is known to you. I say no more." 
The prisoners were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they were kept until the 
4th day of June, when they were released by order of the President. They were 
then conducted by Major Garland, of the U. S. army, through several of the 
large cities to impress them with the greatness of our nation. Crowds of peo- 
ple gathered to see the famous Sac chief and his braves. As they were con- 
vejed down the Mississippi River to Fort Armstrong, while passing along the 
shores of the old home and hunting grounds, the dauntless old chief sat with 
. bowed head. The memory of the power and possession of his race in former 
years came over him, as he looked for the last time on the familiar shores, 
woods and bluffs. Here he had reigned over the most powerful tribe of the 
West; here his father ruled before him; here he had dwelt in happiness from 



140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



boyhood; here he had taken his one young wife to his cabin and lived faithful 
to her all the years of his life; here for half a century he had led his warriors 
to a score of victories. Now he was being returned a prisoner shorn of his 
power, to be humiliated before his hated rival, Keokuk. Upon landing at Fort 
Armstrong, Keokuk was seen gaily decorated as the Chief of the Sacs and 
Foxes, surrounded by his chosen -band of personal attendants. Black Hawk 
was requested to make a personal surrender of his authority as chief of his 
Nation, to his triumphant rival and enemy. It was the saddest moment of his 
life and he only bowed to the humiliation at the command of his conquerors, 
when powerless to resist. He returned with his faithful wife, two sons and a 
beautiful daughter to the banks of the Des Moines River, near lowaville. There 
he lived a quiet life, furnishing his house like white people. He cultivated a 
small farm, raised corn and vegetables for his family. His cabin stood near 
the bank of the river, shaded by majestic trees. He saw his once warlike na- 
tion dwindling away year by year. Under his despised rival they were sell- 
ing their land to the whites, and spending the money in drunkenness and degra- 
dation. Here on the old battlefield where he had wrested the country from the 
proud lowas, the proud Sac chief broods over his fallen fortune. His last ap- 
pearance in public life was at a celebration at Fort Madison on the Fourth of 
July, 1838, when the following toast was given to his honor: "Our illustrious 
guest Black Hawk. May his declining years be as calm and serene as his pre- 
vious life has been boisterous and warlike." In responding the old chief said: 
"It has pleased the Great Spirit that I am here to-day. I have eaten with my 
white friends. It is good. A few summers ago I was fighting you. I may have 
done wrong. But it is past, let it be forgotten. Rock River Valley was a 
beautiful country. I loved my village, my corn field and my people. I fought 
for them. They are now yours. 1 was once a great warrior; now I am eld and 
poor. Keokuk has been the cause of my downfall, I have looked upon the 
Mississipi River since I was a child. I love the great river. I have always 
dwelt upon its banks. I look upon it now and am sad. I shake hands with you. 
We are now friends. I may not see you again. Farewell." He died the Srd 
day of October, 1838, and was buried in a spot long before selected by him, on 
the banks of the Des Moines River near the Northeast corner of Davis County. 
His age was about 72 years. 

Mrs. Maria Beck, of Davenport, who made a careful study of the Sac chief, 
writes in the annals of Iowa as follows: "In Black Hawk was incarnated the 
very spirit of justice. He was as inflexible as steel in all matters of right and 
wrong, as he understood them. Expediency formed no part of his creed; and 
his conduct in the trying emergency that ended in the fatal coniflct was emi- 
nently consistent with his character. No thought of malice or revenge entered 
his great soul. The contest was waged with no other purpose in mind than to 
protect his people, in what he believed was their inalienable rights to the wide 
domain that was being wrested from them. It matters not whether his skin is 
copper-colored or white, the man who has the courage of his convictions always 
challenges the admiration of the world, and as such pre-eminently the old Sac 
War Chief will ever stand as an admirable figure." 

CHAPTER X. 

In 1832 the Sacs, Foxes and Winnebagos entered into a treaty with the 
United States, ceding six million acres of land on the West side of the Mississ- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 141 

ippi River known as the Black Hawk Purchase, the consideration being $20,000 
per annum for thirty years; and the further sum of $50,000 to be paid to the 
Indian traders, Davenport and Farnam, in cancellation of a debt which the In- 
dians owed them; 6,000 bushels of corn; fifty barrels of flour; thirty barrels of 
pork; thirty-five beef cattle and twelve bushels of salt were also appropriated 
for the support of the Indian women and children, whose husbands and fathers 
had been killed in the war just close. It was estimated that the United States 
paid in money and provisions about nine cents per acre for this magnificent 
grant of land. In 1842 the Sac and Fox Indians coveyed all their remaining land 
to the United States. They were to vacate the Eastern part of the land ceded, 
to a line running on the West side of the present Counties of Appanoose and 
Lucas and North through Marion, Jasper, Marshall and Hardin to the North 
limit of Grant, on the 1st of May, 1843, and the remainder on October 11, 1845. 
When the time came the Indians were sad and sorrowful. They lingered around 
the old homes reluctant to leave them forever. The women were weeping as 
they gathered their children and household goods together for the long journey 
to a strange land. The warriors could hardly repress their emotion as they 
looked for the last time upon their beautiful river, gi'oves and prairies they 
had owned so long, and were so reluctant to surrender. As the long line of red 
men silently and sorrowfully took their way Westward, the booming of guns, 
and the lights of a hundred bonfires gave evidence of the advancing hosts of 
white settlers who hastened to occupy the vacant places. In the progress of 
years those once powerful and warlike tribes became listless and effeminated, 
losing the energetic character which distinguished them in former times. 

Keokuk, who succeeded Black Hawk as chief of the Sacs, was not a hered- 
itary chief, but attained the position by bravery in battle with the Sioux Indians 
when a young man. He advocated peace and when Black Hawk was defeated 
his day of glory came. He was with great pomp and ceremony installed as 
chief. On one occasion when the war feeling was running high, and even the 
advocates of peace wei'e yielding and a great pressure was brought to bear on 
Keokuk, he shrewdly addressed his followers thus: "Warriors, I am your chief. 
It is my duty to lead you to war if you are determined to go. The United 
States is a great Nation and unless we conquer them we must all perish. I will 
lead you against the whites on one condition, that is that we shall first put our 
women and children to death, and then resolve that when we cross the Mississ- 
ippi River, we will never retreat, but perish among the graves of our fathers 
rather than yield to the white man." His warriors, after listening to the desper- 
ate proposal, hesitated and finally determined to yield to the great superior 
forces of the whites. Pashepaho was the head chief of the Sacs at the begin- 
ning of the Nineteenth Century. He was the leader of the five chiefs who went 
to St. Louis in 1804 to meet Harrison, to negotiate the release of a member of 
his tribe, accused of killing a white man. While there he and his companions 
became intoxicated and were persuaded to agree to a treaty conveying to the 
United States an immense tract of land on the East side of the Mississippi 
River, including that upon which their ancient village of Saukunek stood. They 
returned loaded wth presents and it was a long time before the tribes knew 
that they had conveyed to the whites more than 51,000,000 acres of land, includ- 
ing their homes for more than one hundred years. Poweshiek, after the Black 
Hawk war, was made chief of the Fox tribes. His village was near the lowas, 
not far from where Iowa City now stands. He was born in 1787. He weighed 



142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

two hundred and fifty pounds and was a fine specimen of his race, large and 
powerful. 

Wapello was head chief of the Fox tribes. His principal village was whei'e 
the city of Rock Isuand now stands. He belonged to the peace party and sup- 
. ported Keokuk and Pashepaho in adhering to the treaty of 1804. 

Hishkekosh was a Fox chief. His village was at one time on the Skunk 
River in Jasper County. He tried to bring about reform by changing the cus- 
toms which required the Indian women to do all the work. He was very much 
attached to his yoUng wife and was unwilling to have her do all the work. He 
did not, however, succeed in changing the custom. 

Appanoose, a chief of the Sacs, was one of the chiefs who accompanied 
Keokuk to Washington in 1837. At Boston he made a speech which made him 
famous. He had four wives and lived a very quiet life, seldom going very far 
from his village. 

Taimah was a Fox chief. In 1820 his village stood on Flint Hill where 
Burlington now stands. Taimah was the head of a secret society of Indians 
noted for their courage and good character. Taimah was one of the chiefs who 
went to Washington in 1824 and signed the treaty made at that time. Tama 
County was named after him. 

The Musquakies are a remnant of the Pottawattamies and Foxes who re- 
turned from the Kansas reservation about 1800 and stopped on the Iowa River 
to hunt and fish. They were so much attached to Iowa that they persisted in 
staying in the State that had so long been their home. 

CHAPTER XI. 

The Winnebagos belonged to the Dakota group, and are mentioned by 
French writers as early as 1669. 

The Pottawattamies belonged to the Algonquin group and were first seen 
by the French missionaries near the North limits of the Michigan Peninsula, 
extending East of Lake Erie into Norther Indiana. They were allies of the 
French in their wars with England. 

In 1816 the United States ceded a portion of the land acquired from the 
Sacs and Foxes in 1804 to the Pottawattamies and other tribes in exchange for 
lands lying on the West shore of Lake Michigan, including the site of Chicago. 
Afterwards the ceded lands were purchased by the United States from the In- 
dians, for the sum of $16,000 per annum. This purchase was made in 1828 and 
1829 respectively. Those two purchases embraced but a small portion of the 
51,000,000 acres purchased in 1804 for a trifling sum. Pottawattamie County 
was named after this tribe. 

The Dakotas were the most powerful and popular of all the tribes that oc- 
cupied the Valley of the Mississippi River in the Sixteenth Century. The 
Omahas, who spoke a language similar to the Dakotas, occupied at this period 
the West side of the Missouri River from the Kansas to the James River in 
Dakota. 

The Sioux Indians belonged to the Dakota Nation and were first known to 
the French in 1640. Hennepin, in 1680, was captured by a band of Sioux In- 
dians, and was rescued after about six months, at Du Luth, by a French adven- 
ture. The last battle fought in Iowa by the Indians was betwen a band of the 
Sioux and the Pottawattamies. One was fought near the Twin Lakes in Cal- 
houn County, and another on the South Lizard, in Webster County. The Sioux 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 

were victors in both battles. The various tribes left soon after this for the 
Western reservations. 

Iowa Territory was ceded by Act of Congress in 1834. White settlers were 
not permitted to occupy any part cf the territory without the consent of the 
Indians, until after the time stipulated in the treaty of purchase for them to 
vacate. By the terms of the treaty negotiated by Gov. Chambers at Agency 
City in 1842, the Sac and Fix Indians ceded to the United States the remnant 
of their lands in Iowa, but retained possession until 1845. 

In 1842 an order was issued to build a fort at the junction of the Raccoon 
and Des Moines Rivers. The establishment of the fort was delayed until March, 
1843, when Captain Allen was selected to build it. It was called Fora Rac- 
coon but changed to Fort Des Moineh. The Government established a reserva- 
tion a mile on each side which was retained until after the fort was abandoned 
in 1846. 

As early as 1690 it was known that lead ore existed in the upper Mississippi 
Valley. In that year a Miami chief with whom he was trading gave Mr. Parrot 
a specimen of lead ore, taken from a creek that oflws into the Mississippi which 
was no doubt "Catfish." The first white man who settled within the limits 
of Iowa was Julien Dubuque. He was a French Canadian, born in the Province 
of Quebec, .January 10, 1762. He had a good education; a fine conversationalist 
and a good writer. He had given special attention to mineralogy and writing. 
He went to the far West in 1784 when he was 22 years old, settling near Prai- 
rie du Chren. Dubuque having heard about lead ore existing where Dubtique 
now stands, determined to procure an interest in the lands if possible. He suc- 
ceeded in gaining the confidence of the Fox chief "Kettle" and his tribe and 
exploring the County, found lead ore existing in considerable quantities. 

The wife of a prominent Fox warrior named Peosta, had in 1780 discovered 
lead where Dubuque now stands, and Julien Dubuque induced the Indians to 
grant him the exclusive right to mine along the river from the mouth of the 
Little Maquoketa to the Tetes des Morts, a distance of seven leagues, and run" 
ning Westward about three leagues. In drawing up the paper making this 
grant, Dubuque had written, "We sell and abandon to Dubuque all the coast and 
the contents of the mines discovered by Peosta's wife, so that no white man 
or Indian shall make any pretention to it without the consent of Sienr. Julien 
Dubuque." The grant was dated Prairie du Chien, September 22, 1788. As soon 
as he had secured the lease he brought from Prairie du Chien ten Canadians 
to assist him as overseers, settlers, wood choppers, and boat men. There was a 
Fcx village near where Dubuque now stands, called the village of Kettle Chief. 
It consisted of Indian lodges extending back from the river, sufficient to shelter 
about four hundred people, one hundred cf whom were warriors. Dubuque had 
secured the friendship of the Indians, who permitted him and his companions 
to make their home in this village. He employed Indian women and old men 
of the tribe to work in the mines. He learned the habits, superstitions and 
traditions of the Fox Indians, and in the course of time acquired great influence 
over them. They gave him the name of "Little Cloud." 

CHAPTER XII. 

Dubuque opened farms, built fences, erected houses and horse mills; built 
smelting furnaces, opened stores, bought furs, and sold goods and Indian trin- 
T^ets. carrying on a large business, including the preparation of ore for the mar- 



144 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ket. Twice a year he took a boatload of ore, furs and hides to St. Louis, ex- 
changing them for goods, money and supplies. He was an accomplished diplo- 
mat, but not a success as a money maker. After eight years of mining and 
trading he made an effort to secure a title to his leased lands; the only title 
he held was a permit to mine, granted by a council of Fox Indians. He now 
claimed that he had paid for the land in goods and in 1796 he presented to the 
Spanish Governor of Louisiana a petition asking for a title to the lands. The 
petition was referred by Gov. Carondelet to Don Andrew Todd, a prominent mer- 
chant who secured a monopoly of the Indian trade with the tribes of the Miss- 
issippi River Valley. Todd was requested to examine into Dubuque's petition 
and report to the Governor. In his report Todd stated that he saw no reason 
why Dubuque should not be granted his claim, provided he should be prohib- 
ited from trading with the Indians, except with written permission of Mr. Todd, 
and upon such terms as he might require. November 10, 1769, Gov. Carondelet 
granted the petition, endorsing on it these words: "Granted as asked for un- 
der the restrictions mentioned by the Merchant Don Andrew Todd, in his re- 
port." Monuments were erected by the Fox chief and Dubuque to mark the 
boundary on the three sides from the river front, soon after the grant was 
made. Inasmuch as Spain always recognized the right of the Indians to sell 
their rights, Dubuque now thought his title was secure. As the years passed 
he carried on a large trade with August Chonteau of St. Louis, and became 
heavily indebted to him. In 1804 he conveyed to Chonteau in settlement of his 
debt an undivided 7-16 of this land, estimated to consist of 73,324 acres. It was 
also provided that at the death of Dubuque all the remainder of his interests 
in the lands should succeed to Chonteau or his heirs. In 1807 Chonteau sold 
one-half of his intrest to John Mullanphy of St. Louis for $15,000. In 1810 Du- 
buque died of pneumonia after a short illness. His death brought a great change 
in the mines, the village and the white colony. John T. Smith, a famous Indian 
fighter and West Pointer, bought an interest in Dubuque's grant, after his death, 
and took possession of some of the lead works. He attempted to carry on min- 
ing and smelting but the Indians refused to recognize his title. They claimed 
that the grant to Dubuque was a permit to him personally and conveyed no 
absolute title to the lands and could not be used by other parties. The Fox chief 
gathered his warriors, destroyed the buildings and drove all the whites to the 
East side of the river. 

In 1805, Dubuque and Chonteau filed a claim in the United States Court 
for title to all the lands which Dubuque had originally leased from the Indians, 
embracing a tract of nine miles wide, twenty-one miles along the river. For 
nearly half a century this claim was pending before the various tribunals. 
Finally by agreement a suit of ejection was commenced against Patrick Ma- 
loney, who held a United States patent to his farm, and judgment was rendered 
in favor of the defendant. An appeal was taken to the United States Supreme 
Court in 1853, which affirmed the judgment of the lower court. The Chouteau 
heirs employed several able attorneys, assisted by Reverdy Johnson, the great 
Maryland lawyer, while the Dubuque settlers were represented by Caleb Gush- 
ing, of Massachusetts, Judge T. S. Wilson and Piatt Smith of Dubuque. It was 
to the people of Dubuque a very important case and closely contested. The ti- 
tle to thousands of city lots and farms as well as the lead mines of Dubuque 
were dependent upon the result. The decision hinged largely upon the legal 
construction given to the original grant made by the Indian council to Dubuque 
in 1788. Also on the nature of the Spanish grant made by Gov. Carondelet to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 



Dubuque in 1796. The Court held that both grants were in the nature of a 
lease or permit to mine, and not intended to convey title to the land. During 
the twenty-two years that Dubuque and his assistants lived in Iowa, from 1788 
to 1810, the territory was owned by three differnt nations, viz: Spain, France 
and the United States. The mines and village which were first named by Du- 
buque the "Mines of Spain," were after his death called "Dubuque Lead Mines." 
The burial place of Dubuque was on a high bluff two hundred feet above the 
river and close to it, near the site of the old Indian village of Kettle Chief. 
Inscribed on a cedar cross in large letters were "Julien Dubuque, Miner of the 
Mines of Spain. Died March 24, 1810. Age 45 years and six months." His 
friend, the Fox chief, was buried near his grave. Fourteen years after the 
death of Dubuque but little was known of the lead mines, as the Indians had 
undisputed possession. The next white settlement attempted in the limits of 
Iowa was by Brazil Giard, a French-American, who obtained from the Lieuten- 
ant Governor of Louisiana in 1795 a grant to a traft of land in the limits of 
Clayton County, known as the "Giard Tract." It contained 5,860 acres and was 
occupied several years. When Louisiana was acquired by the United States a 
piitent was issued to Giard by the Government, which was the first legal title 
obtained by a white man to lands in the limits of Iowa. 

CHAPTER XIII. 

October 3. 1803, Congress passed an Act authorizing the President to take 
posesssion of Louisiana, and establish a temporary Government. March 26, 
1804. an Act was passed organizing the Territory of Orleans, which embraced 
what subsequently became the State of Louisiana, while the remainder of the 
purchase was made the District of Louisiana, and placed under the jurisdic- 
tion of the governor of Indian Territory. On the 3rd of March, 1810, it was or- 
ganized into a separate territory, with Gen. James Wilkinson as Governor. 
The vhite population at this date did not exceed 1,000 and the capitol was St. 
Louis. Charles Floyd, member of an exploring party, died August 20, 1804, and 
was furled on a Missouri bluff a few miles above Omaha. He was the first 
white man buried in Iowa soil. A monument was erected over his grave in 
1901. It is 100 feet in height and cost $20,000. In the spring of 1805 an explor- 
ing party was fitted out by the government to explore the new purchase. It 
consisted of Captain Clark and Lewis. They traveled up the Missouri River 
and made their way to the Pacific Coast. Their report afforded much valu- 
able information. 

In August another exploring party was organized to explore the upper Miss- 
issippi River. Z. M. Pike, a brilliant young officer, was placed in command. 
They ascended the Mississippi River and some of its trbutares untl February 
18th, when they turned homewards. The expedition was a success as it efx- 
plored the Mississippi River to Red Cedar Lake. They reached St. Louif; April 
30, 1806. while the land was reported very fertile and grasses luxuriant, still, 
it seemed at that time the impression prevailed that the good land lay along 
the river, and a few miles West the land was barren and worthless. As late as 
1819, Thomas H. Benton, Editor St. Louis Engineer, wrote: "After you get 
forty or fifty miles West of the Mississippi River the arid plains set in. The 
country is uninhabitable except upon the border of the rivers and creeks. The 
Grand Prairies, a plain without wood or water, which extends to the Northwest 
farther than hunter or traveler have ever been, come down to within a few 



H6 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

miles of St. Charles, and so completely occupies the fork of the Mississippi 
and Missouri Rivers that the woodlands for three hundred miles of each form 
a skirt of from five to twenty miles wide, and about that distance the prairie 
actually reaching the river in many places." 

When it is seen that a statesman and editor so intelligent and eminent as 
Thomas H. Benton, as late as 1819, regarded the Northwest prairies covering 
a large portion of Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, as 
uninhabitable except along rivers and creeks, it is not strange that the early 
pioneers, hunters and trappers entertained the same opinion. In 1806 the citi- 
zens of the Mississippi River Valley were excited by rumor of a scret conspir- 
acy, said to be organized under the leadership of the late Vice-President of the 
United States, Aaron Burr, to separate that region from the Union. It was 
reported that the scheme was to capture the adjacent Spanish Province of Mex- 
ico, unite them and form a Western Empire. 

November 15th the United States District Attorney for Kentucky made for- 
mal charges in the United States Court against B'urr, and followed with a brief 
statement explaining the texture of the conspiracy. Henry Clay appeared as 
counsel for Burr and defeated the attempt to have him held for trial. Burr 
had caused to be built at Marietta, Ohio, ten large beteaux and had collected a 
great amount of provisions for a voyage. He had secured the co-operation of 
many prominent men in various parts of the valley, and after the failure to in- 
dict him, took active steps to carry out his plan. Gen. Wilkinson, who was 
Governor of Louisiana Territory, was approached and th,ere was evidence that 
he had for several months possessed some knowledge of the enterprise. 

• Captain Tyler, with a force of men and boats, accompanied by Harman 
Bleumerhassett, a wealthy rish gentleman occupying an island near Marietta, 
finally began the descent of the Ohio River. Below Louisville they were joined 
by Burr. The authorites now became alarmed. The situation seemed grave. 
President Jefferson issued a proclamation warning all citizens against aiding the 
conspiracy and directing the arrest of all concerned in the unlawful enterprise. 
Burr and his party were arrested near Natchez, his boats and military supplies 
seized and he was taken before the Supreme Court and released on bail. The 
Grand Jury rfused to indict him, and Burr, failing to secure a discharge, escaped. 
In attempting to make his way by night to Pensacola to find shelter on board 
a British vessel, he was captured and taken to Richmond, Va. He was there 
indicted, tried for high treason and acquitted. 

The arrest of Burr prostrated the scheme, although there was no doubt 
several influential men were implicated. 

In 1805 Lieut. Pike was sent to locate a fort somewhere between St. Louis 
and Prairie du Chien and to procure the consent of the Indians. In his report 
he says: "I have chose a site on a hill forty miles above the View Des Moines 
Rapid, on the West side of the river. The channel of the river runs on that 
shore; the hill is about sixty feet perpendicular, nearly level on top." In 1808 
Lieut. Kingsley was sent with a company of infantry to make a plat of the 
ground and erect the fort. The next year it was garrisoned and in honor of the 
President called Fort Madison. It appears that the Indians did not consent to 
the erction of the fort, and it was therefore a flagrant violation of the treaty 
of 1804, by which the United States secured 51,000,000 acres of most valuable 
lands for almost nothing. It is not strange that the Indians complained of bad 
faith, and hcstiles under the leadership of Black Hawk made an attempt :to 
capture and destroy it. In 1812 this fort was manned by about fifty men. and on 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 

the 5th of August a band of about two hundi'ed Winnebagos attacked it. Among 
the Indians was Black Hawk, then a young man. A lively fight ensued, lasting 
for three days, when the Indians withdrew after having burned several build- 
ings in the vicinity. In 1813 this fort was again attacked by the Indians, who 
were defeated, but seven soldiers were killed. In August of that year a large 
force of Indians laid siege to the fort, entirly surrounding it. The Garrison, 
under Hamilton, made a brave defense until the provisions were exhausted and 
they were reduced to the verge of starvation. During the night of September 3rd 
Hamilton ordered a trench dug from the blockhouse to the river where the 
boats were lying. There was no prospect of re-inforcements being sent to their 
relief. Starvation, massacre or escape were the alternatives. They chose the 
latter; the night was dark and cloudy, with a fierce wind roaring in the forest 
surrounding the fort. The little garrison crawled on hands and knees along 
the bottom of the trench in fearful silence, and at midnight entered the boats 
without alarming the watchful savages. The last man to enter the trench ap- 
plied a torch to the fort. A moment later ftie boats pushed out into the rapid 
current of the Mississippi River, and were soon out of danger. They arrived 
safely in St. Louis and the fort was never rebuilt. But the name clung to the 
spot where the ruins of the fort were long visible and a later generation built 
a city on the historic site, giving it the name of Fort Madison. 

CHAPTER XIV. 

In 1815 Col. Nichols was sent with the 8th United States Infantry to build 
a fort on Rock Island. On arriving at the Island, messengers were sent to the 
chiefs in the vicinity inviting them to meet in council but none of them came. 
The Indians understood the significance of a fort and garrison and regarded 
it as unfriendly, but made no resistance. The island had long been a favorite 
resort of the Indians, who camped among its beautiful groves and paddled their 
canoes along its rock shores. It was one of the most beautiful places in the 
Mississippi River Valley and they were reluctant to see it occupied by a mil- 
itary force of the whites. Gen. Smith was now in command and the erection 
of the fort was immediately commenced. When completed it was 400 feet 
square, the lower part of rock and the upper part of heavy timber. Col. Daven- 
port was the contractor. He made his permanent home on the island. 

In 1817 Fort Armstrong was completed and occupied by troops until 1836, 
when it was evacuated. Different attempts were made to enter the lands on the 
island, but the government held it as a reserve, except the tract occupied by Col. 
Davenport and D. B. Sears, on which they had made valuable improvements. 
They were by special act of Congress allowed to enter their lands. Long litiga- 
tion followed, but finally the government purchased a number of the claims, 
others were abandoned, and in 1862 the Attorney General held the island was a 
military reservation. Over $3,000,000 had been spent in improving the island. 

In 1811 a succession of earthquakes shook the Mississippi River Valley and 
caused great alarm. The point where several shocks were felt was in the vi- 
cinity of New Madrid, in the Southeast corner of what is now the State of Mis- 
souri. The convulsion was so great that the inner section of land sunk. The 
channel of the river was changed, lakes and swamps disappeared and the low 
lands were elevated into hills. The waters of the Mississippi River near New 
Madrid were rolled up stream with great force, for nearly ten miles, causing 
destruction of life and property. It was during the continuance of these con- 



148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



vulsicns that the first steamboat that navigated a Western river was making 
its w^ay cautiously down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Its name was the 
Orleans of four hundred tons, commanded by Capt. Roosevelt. It was built at 
Pittsburg. The trip was made to New Orleans in good shape, and steamboat 
navigation was established on Western rivers. 

June 4lh, 1S12, the Territory of Orleans was admitted into the Union as a 
State, under the name of Louisiana. During the war of 1812 the Mississippi 
Valley suffered but little. Col. Nichols, commander of the British fleet in 1814, 
attempted (o revive the scheme for separating that region from the Union. He 
issued a proclamation in the nam.e of the King of Great Britain to the citizens 
of Louisiana, calling upon the French, Spaniards, English, Indians and native 
Louisianians to rally to his standard and emancipate themselves from a usurp- 
ing, weak and faithless government. He declared that he had come with, a fine 
train of artillery, experienced, British officers and a large body of Indian 
warriors, supported by a British and Spanish fleet. His avowed object was to 
put ar; end to the usurpation of the United States and restore the country to 
its lawful owners. To the Indians he offered a bounty of ten dollars for every 
scalp taken from the enemy. His address was distributed throughout the valley 
in the hope that the people of English, Spanish and French birth might be 
persuaded 1o conspire against the government of the United States and aid 
Groat Britain in her attempt to secure the Mississippi River Valley. The 
response given to this appeal was manifested a few months later, when the loyal 
pioneers flocked to New Orleans with their rifles and met the English invaders 
on the field of battle. More than twenty-five hundred of Wellington's veterans 
fell before unerring aim of the sturdy, loyal backwoodsmen under General 
Jackson. 

At the beginning of the war of 1812 the entire population of the Northwest, 
embracing the Territories of Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, was estimated at 
forty thousand. The first steamboat that ascended the Mississippi River to the 
limits of Iowa was the Grand Pike. It reached St. Louis August 2d, 1817. It 
was commanded by Captain Reed. In 1818 Missouri made application for 
admission as a State. When the bill was introdticed in Congress, Mr. Talmage 
ol New York offered the following proviso: "Provided that the further intro- 
duction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited, except in punishment 
for crime, when the party shall have been duly convicted; and that all children 
born within the said State after the admission thereof, shall be free at the age 
of twenty years." After a brief discussion the proviso was adopted in the 
House by a vote of 79 to 67. This was the beginning of the great conflict 
betv.reen freedom and slavery in the new States and Territories, which forty 
years later brought on the greatest Civil War known to the civilized world. 
The Senate favored the admission of Missouri as a slave State and the House 
insisted on the exclusion of slavery. The remarkable influence and eloquence 
of Henry Clay finally perstiaded a majority of the members to admit Missouri 
as ;i slave State, upon the conditions that slavery should forever be excluded 
from that portion of the Louisiana Purchase lying north of Lat. 36 deg. 30 min. 
excepting Missouri. In defining the Northern boundary of Missouri the follow- 
ing langviage was employed: "From the point aforesaid North along said 
meridian line to the intersection of the parallel of latitude which passes through 
the rapids of the River Des Moines, making the said line to correspond with 
the Indian boundary line; then East from the point of intersection last aforesaid 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 149 



along said jjarallel of latitude, to the middle of the channel to the main part 
of said River Des Moines, to the mouth of the same, where it empties into the 
Mississippi River, then due Bast to the middle of the main channel of the 
Mississippi River. 

Some years later a serious conflict arose between the States, Missouri 
contending that it referred to certain ripples in the River Des Moines, which 
would carry the same line some thirty miles North. Iowa held that the rapids 
in the Mississippi River called by the early French explorers "I^a Rapids de la 
River Des Moines" was the point meant. 

In ISl9 the first steamboat undertook to ascend the ever shifting channel 
of the Missouri River. 

CHAPTER XV. 

In 1S12, the trading house of the American Fur Company, was destroyed 
by fire, and Colonel Johnson, its raanagar, reported the loss on the building 
and furs at $5,500. In 1S20 Le Moliere, another French trader, established a 
trading post six miles above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The same 
year Dr. Muir, a surgeon in the United States Army, was with a command 
stationed at Fort Edwards, now ^Varsaw, 111. He crossed the river and built 
a cabin whei-e Keokuk now stands. He had married a beautiful and intelligent 
Indian giil of the Sac nation. 

Some years later an order was issued by the War Department requiring 
officers of the array at the frontier posts to abandon their Indian wives. Di", 
Muir refused to desert his wife and resigned his commission. He was a 
Scotchman and a graduate of Edinbui'g University. He lived happily with his 
wife in their humble home until 1832, when he died suddenly of cholera, leaving 
a widow and five children destitute, as he had lost his property in litigation. 

Ill 1S30 the first school was established, taught by Berryman Jennings, and 
the first white child, Eleanor Galland, was born within the limits of Iowa at 
Keokuk. In his book Dr. Galland says: "As we passed up the river we saw 
the ruins of old Fort Madison, about ten miles above the rapids, near a sand 
bluff rising perpendicular from the water's edge. On the second day our boat 
reached Flint Hill, an Indian village of the Fox tribe which stood at the mouth 
of Flint Creek; its chief was Tiema. In 1825 I took a trip, with an ox team 'and 
Indian guide up the; river. We passed Wapello's village and crossed the Des 
Moines River on a raft. We ascended the highlands above Grave Yard Bluff, 
which was a landmark for the Indians. In the fall of 1825 I settled at Quash- 
qua we-Village, where my father-in-law, Capt. James White, had purchased the 
old trading house and a tract of land adjacent, which was an old Spanish grant 
made to Monsieur Julien, on which he lived in 1805. Capt. White made his 
first trip on the steamer Mandan, which was the first that came to the foot of 
the lapids. 

In 1831 the American Fur Co. erected on the bank of the river at Keokuk 
a row of hewn log buildings for the use of its agent in its traffic with the 
Indians, and for storing skins and furs. This place was called Farmers Port. 
In 1834 a meeting of the half-breed Indians was held at this place to prepare a 
petition to Congress, requesting the passage of an act to authorize ihem to sell 
the lands in the tract known as the "Half-Breed Reservation." There were nine 
faniilies living in that vicinity, and after the adjournment of the meeting, the 
citizens held a council at John Gaines' saloon, to consider the prospect of 



150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

building a city at that place. After some consultation John Gaines proposed, 
and it was agreed to, that the future city should he named for the Sac Chief 
Keokuk. 

In 1.S29 James L. Langworthy, a native of Vermont, purchased an interest 
iu the Galena J^ead Mines and attempted to procure an interest in Dubuque's old 
"Mines of Spain." Securing Indian guides he explored the country between 
the Turkey and Maqun)keta Rivers, to find the lead mines formerly worked. He 
made friends of the Indians and secured permission to work some of the mines. 
The next year, with his brother, Lucius H. Langworthy, and a company of 
miners, he began work. 

A village of the Sac and Fox Indians which stood at the mouth of Catfish 
Creek had been depopulated by an attack of the Sioux Indians, who Itilled 
nearly all of its inhabitants. This battle took place near Dubuque's Grave, and 
tradition telis us that a remnant of the Sac and Foxes who escaped the slaughter 
rushed up the hill to the grave of their old friend and protector, Julien Dubuque,, 
but being followed by the Sioux and bard pressed, they plunged over the rock 
precipice, which rises nearly two hundred feet, into the river and were no more^ 
All perished. 

1 here were about seventy empty houses standing here when the miners 
from Galena crossed to take possession of the abandoned "Mines of Spain." 
Some of the indiscreet miners thought to intimidate the Indians by burning 
their cabins and thereby preventing their return to the mines. In June, 1830, 
the miners on the "West side of the river determined to organize a local govern- 
ment. They held a meeting and elected a legislature consisting of James L. 
Langworthy, W. F. Lander, James McPeters, Samuel Scales and E. M. Wren, and 
instructed them 1o report a code of laws. 

The pioneer law making body gathered around an old cotton wood log for 
a table and lu'oceeded to business. Mi*. Langworthy was chosen clerk and 
kept the records. The following is a copy of the codes adopted: "Having been 
chosen to draft laws by which we, as miners, will be governed, and having duly 
considered the subject, we do unanimously agree that we will he governed 
by the regulations on the East side of the Mississippi River, with the following 
exceptions : 

'Article 1. That each and every man shall hold two hundred yards square 
of ground by working said ground one day in six. 

"Article 2. We further agree that there shall be chosen by the majority 
of the miners present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant 
letter of arbitration, on application having been made, and said letter oi* 
arbitration .shall be obligatory on the party so applying." 

The regulations referred to on the East side of the river, were the laws 
established by the Superintendent of the United States Lead Mines at Galena. 
Settlers soon legan to arrive in the new colony, but as it was inviolation of 
the treaty with the Indians, the War Department ordered their removal, and 
a detachment of troops was stationed at the mines to protect the Indians in 
their rights. JeVferson Davis, then a young man, was sent from the fort at 
Prairie du Chien, with a detachment of troops, to remove the settlers across 
the river. Jeff accomplished the very unpleasant task with the utmost prompt- 
ings of humanity. He made warm friends of the miners by his mild course, 
and the aid which he and his soldiers extended in helping them to remove 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151 

their families and effects to the East side of the river or the island, whichever 
place they preferred to go. 

At I'lint Hill, Sand S. White and others had entered the Indian lands, 
erecteci cabins and staked off claims, but were also driven out and the cabins 
destroyed. The treaty by which the "Black Hawk Purchase" was acquired was 
ratified Feb. 13th, 1833. 

CHAPTER XVI. 

It liad not been namec! Iowa, but was known as the "Black Hawk Purchase." 
On .lune 1st, 183^, there were no more than fifty white people living within the 
limits of tlie future State. When the troops were withdrawn from the "Mines 
of Spain" in June, 1833, the Langworthy Brothers crossed the river again and 
resumed work in the mines. Settlers flocked in a,nd the second school in the 
State was established. A pioneer among the early inhabitants of this first Iowa 
village gives the following description of the place in that year: "The village 
resounded to vhe woodman's axe; the sturdy oaks fell before them on every 
side; the branches were used for fuel, and the trunks for the construction of 
rude log cabins without doors or windows. Three openings served for the 
entrance of light and the settler, and the egress of the smoke. The winter 
of that year shut us in from all communication with the outside world, with a 
short supply of provisions and not a woman in the settlement. There was plenty 
of whiskey and the demon intemperance stalked everywhere during the long 
winter evenings and short bleak days. The cholera claimed many victims, and 
the sick lay down and died with no gentle hand to nurse them, no medical aid 
to relieve, and no kindred or friend to mourn their untimely fate. W^e had no 
mail, no government, and were subject to no restraint of law' or society. 
Drinking and gambling were the universal amusements, and criminals were 
only amendable to the penalties inflicted by Judge Lynch, from whose summary 
decrees there was no appeal. There were stirring times in the old days in this 
region. Every man was the protector of his own honor. Every man was 
expected to defend himself when the occasion demanded. They shot on sight. 
One incident will suffice to give the reader an idea of the established customs 
and society of those days. One Smith and his son became involved in a dispute 
over a mining claim with Woodbury Massey. A few days later Massey was 
shot down in cold blood. Both father and son had emptied their rifles into 
him. Every man was a law unto himself. Six months later a sister of Massey's, 
about twenty years old, appeared in Dubuque. She had Smith pointed out to 
Ler, and without ceremony planted a bullet in him. An account book in his 
pocket saved the fellow from instant death. He died from the effects of the 
wound two years after. Some months after this affair, the girl would have been 
killed by young Smith had not a Smith of another tribe intercepted the son 
as he was taking aim at the girl. Later a brother of Massey's shot and killed 
young Smith in Galena. With true romantic instinct William Smith, who had 
saved her life, married Miss Massey. Incidents of this nature and in which the 
Indians figured might be recounted indefinitely. 

"In the spring of 1S34 a transient steamer came up from St. Louis, bringing 
provisions, groceries, goods and newspapers. A few women came to join their 
husbands, and from that time on we began to exhibit some elements of civiliza- 
tion." 

It is claimed that the first American flag raised by a citizen of Iowa was 



152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



by Nicholas Carroll, July 4th, 1834. Also the first church in Iowa was built at 
Dubuque that year. A Mr. Johnson, a devout Methodist, raised the necessary 
funds by general subscription. The church was used by different denominations 
for several years. The first Catholic church erected in Iowa was a stone edifice 
built in Dubuque in 1835-36, through the efforts of a French priest, Mazzuchelli, 
and the pioneer Bishop Loras located in Dubuque in 1837. 

Fort Madison was next to Dubuque as one of the earliest places in the 
limits of Iowa occupied by the whites. In 1833 Mr. M. Carver and Mr. White, 
with their families, crossed the river and took claims where Burlington now 
stands. They established a ferry across the river. In the fall Wm. Ross bought 
a stock of goods and opened the first store. In November^ 1833, the town was 
laid oat and platted. 

The claim on which Davenport was laid out was made in 1833 by R. H. 
Spencer and A. M. Cloud. Soon after Anton Le Clair purchased it for $100. 
In 1835 it became the property of a company of eight persons, who laid oUt a 
town and called it Davenport, after Col. Davenport. A long and bitter contest 
was v/aged between Rockingham and Davenport for the County Seat. It was 
finally decided in favor of the latter. This proved a death blow to Rockingham. 
The first record to be found in which the name Iowa is applied, to the section 
of country which became the State of Iowa., is Lieut. Lee's report, and book 
description of the "Black Hawk Purchase," and a little later a writer in the 
"Dubuque Visitor" refers to it as the "future State of Iowa. The name of the 
"Dubuque Visitor" was soon after changed to the News. So far as can be 
ascertained, the first time the name Iowa is found in any public record is in 
1829. At a session of the Legislature of the Territory of Michigan held in 
Detroit that year, an act was passed and approved by which all the territory 
lying South of the Wisconsin River, West of Lake Michigan, East of the 
Mississippi River and North of Illinois, was formed into a new county called 
Iowa, and the County Seat was located at Mineral Point. 

CHAPTER XVII. 

When the treaty of Aug. ^th, 1824, was made with the Sac and Fox Indians, 
it was stipulated that the "small tract of land lying between the Mississippi and 
Des Moines Rivers should belong to the half-breeds of the Sac and Fox nations, 
they holding it by the- same title and in the same manner that other Indian 
titles are held." This reservation consisted of 119,000 acres of choice lands 
lying in the Southeast corner of lov/a. Congress passed an act authorizing the 
half brefds to pre-empt, the District Court of Lee County appointed a committee 
consisting of Edward Johnson, T. S. Wilson and David Brighara, to take testi- 
mony as to claimants and report to the court. Before the case was disposed of 
the Legislature repealed the act under which the committee was appointed. 
The repealing act authorized the commissioners to bring suit against the owners 
of the land lor their service. Suit was brought and judgment rendered in favor 
of the plaintiff for $5,773.32. It has never been explained how the attorneys 
manat;ed to get the fraction of thirty-two cents in their bill; but it is claimed 
by some that it came as a result of close and careful figuring, tempered by 
justice and fair dealing. Still others seemed to think that their bill was out- 
rageously high, and the TTnited States Court seemed to take that view, for it 
set aside the sale made under the judgment which they obtained. The lands 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 

were levied on, and the whole tract sold to satisfy the judgment. This case 
would indicate that a great change for the better has tal^en place among the 
attorneys. Now in such a case the average attorney would be willing to take 
a good sized farm for his fee, but the attorneys of that day took the whole tract, 
119,000 acres. The judgment, so manifestly unjust, was not, however, allowed 
to stand. When the Territory became a State the Supreme Court was reorgan- 
ized, John F. Kinny and George Greene having succeeded Mason and Wilson. 
The court thus constructed, in a case brought by the purchasers to dispossess 
the settlers, held that the sheriff's deed was invalid, so the attorneys who wanted 
to get all lost all. It would have been better for their reputation, conscience 
and finances to have taken a farm each. 

T. S. Wilson was afterward elected Judge of the District Coui't. His circuit 
was very large, which necessitated considerable of travel. Those days the 
Judges of our Courts were almost invariably good judges of whiskey, and T. S. 
Wilson was no exception to the rule. The hotel accommodations were poor, and 
it was common for two, and sometimes three, to sleep in a bed. One night 
it fell to Judge Wilson's lot to sleep with an Irishman. They had never met 
before, but as the Irishman had a bottle of what he called good whiskey, their 
first meeting was pleasant and they soon became warm friends. In the morning, 
the Judge remarked: "Well, Patrick, you would be in Ireland a long time 
before you could sleep with a Judge." "Yes, your honor," replied Patrick, "and 
you would be in Ireland a long time before you could be a Judge." 

In 1824 the Iowa district was divided into two counties, by running a line 
due West from the Iowa end of Rock Island. The territory North of this line 
was called Dubuque County and the territory South Des Moines County. A 
court was organized in each county, the terms of which were held in Dubuque 
and Burlington. The judges were Isaac Loeffler of Des Moines and John King 
of Dubuque. 

In ]835 George W. Jones, who lived at Sinsinawa Mound, was elected to 
represent the Michigan Territory in Congress. He secured the passage of a 
bill creating the new Territory of Wisconsin, which also included Iowa, part 
of Minnesota and the Dakotas. Governor Dodge ordered a census to be taken 
of the new territory in 1836, and it was found that the counties of Dubuque 
and Des Moines had a population of 10,531, which entitled them to six members 
in the Council and thirteen members in the House of Representatives of the 
Territorial Legislature. At the election held that year, Des Moines County 
elected to the Council, J. Smith, Joe B. Teas and A. B. Ingham. In the House 
Isaac Loeffler, Thos. Blair, John Box, George W. Teas, D. R. Chance, W. L. 
Jenkins and John Reynolds. The County of Dubuque sent to the Council Thos. 
McCraney, John Foley and Thos. McKnight; to the House, Wheeler, Hardin 
Nowlin, H. D. Camp, P. H. Engle and P. Quigley. The Legislature convened at 
Belmond Oct. 25th, 1836. Peter H. Engle of Dubuque was elected Speaker of 
the House and H. P. Baird President of the Council. An act was passed by this 
Legislature authorizing the establishment at Dubuque of the "Miners' Bank." 
The charter required that the bank should have a capital stock of $200,000. 

The first act regulating the sale of spirituous liquors in Iowa was passed 
in 1836. It provided that the County Supervisor might authorize any person 
to keep a grocery, under such regulations as a majority might deem expedient, 
by paying a dollar per month into the County Treasury. For running a grocery 
without a license a fine of two dollars for each offense was levied. 



154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The fii'st newspaper West of the Mississippi River was established in 
St. Louis in 1808; it was called the Louisiana Gazette; changed to the Missouri 
Gazette; the Missouri Republican, and now the St. Louis Republic. 

The first newspaper established in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, in 1836, 
Dy John King. In 1808 the name was changed to the Iowa News; in 1841 to 
the Miners Expresjs; in 1855 to the Express and Herald, then the Dubuque 
Herald, and finally consolidated with the Telegraph, under the name of the 
Telegraph Herald. In 1836 Dr. Isaac Galland established the second paper in 
Iowa, at Montrose, called the Western Advertiser; two years later it was 
moved to Fort Madison and the name changed to the Fort Madison Patriot. 
The first issue of the Patriot contained the text of a bill introduced in Congress 
by General George W. .Jones, providing for the division of the Territory of 
Wisconsin and the creation of a new territory West of the Mississippi River 
to be called "Iowa." 

The editor of the Patriot in an article referring to the bill said: "If a 
division of the Territory is effected, we propose that lowans take the cognomen 
of 'Hawkeyes.' Our etymology can thus be more definitely traced than that of 
the Wolverines, Suckers and Hoosiers; and we can rescue from oblivion a 
memento at least of the old chief." The suggestion met with favor. Hence 
the people of Iowa are called "Hawkeyes." 

The second session of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory assembled 
at Burlington, Iowa, on the first Monday of November, 1837. Previous to its 
meeting a call had been issued for a convention of delegates from the West 
side of the Mississippi River, to assemble at Burlington on the 6th day of 
November, for the following purposes: First, to memorialize Congress to pass 
an act granting the right of pre-emption to actual settlers of government lands. 

Second, on the sub.1ect of an attempt by the State of Missouri to extend 
her Northern boundary so as to embrace territory claimed as a part of 
Wisconsin. 

Third, for the organization of a separate territorial government in that 
part of Wisconsin lying West of the Mississippi River. 

The convention assembled at the appointed time, and among other business 
transacted, the report on the disputed boundary settlement, asked Congress to 
appoint commissioners to run the line between Missouri and Wisconsin, and to 
adopt such measures as might be necessary to settle and establish said boundary- 
line. The convention also memorialized Congress for a division of the Territory 
of Wisconsin. 

The assembling of the Legislature at Burlington at this time was the first 
meeting of a legislative body in the future State of Iowa. Early in its session an 
act was passed dividing Dubuque County, and organizing from its territory 
Dubuque, Clayton, .Jackson, Clinton, Scott, Lima, Johnson, Benton, Iowa and 
Delaware. 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

In the lall of 1837 the United States negotiated another treaty with the 
Sac and Fox Indians, by which 1,250,000 acres of land along the West side 
of the Black Hawk Purchase was secured. The census taken in August, 1836, 
showed the population on the West side of the Mississippi River as follows: 
Dubuque County, 4,247: Des Moines County, 6,257; total, 10,531. In May, 1838, 
a second census taken in the sixteen counties organized from the original two 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 



counties showed a population of 22,859. In June, 1838, the bill was passed by 
Congress establishing, the Territory of Iowa. 

It provided that: From and after the 3rd day of July next, all that part of 
the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies West of the Mississippi River, 
and West of the line drawn due North from the head waters of said river 
to the territorial line, shall be constituted a separate territorial government 
by the name of Towa. 

This territory included all of Iowa, most of Minnesota and a portion of 
Dakota. The act provided that the President should appoint a Governor to hold 
office three \eai-s. The legislative department consisted of a Council and House 
of Representatives. The Council was composed of thirteen members, and the 
House of twenty-six. Members of the Council were elected for two years, and 
of the House one year. The courts consisted of Supreme, District, Probate and 
Justice 01 the Peace. President Van Buren appointed Brig.-Gen. Henry Atkinson 
Governor of Iowa Territory because of his intimate acquaintance with the 
Indian affairs in the Mississippi Valley. But he declined. The President then 
made the following appointments for the new Territory: Robert Lucas, Gov- 
ernor; W. B. Conway, Secretary: Francis Gabon, Marshal; C. S. Jacob, United 
States Attorney: Chas. Mason, Chief Justice; Joseph Williams and Thomas S. 
Wilson, Associate Judges: C. A. Dodge, Registrar, and J. P. Van Antwerp, 
Receiver, and Thomas McKnight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. 
Cyrus S. Jacobs was killed in a political affray and the vacancy was filled by 
the appointment of Isaac Van Allen, who also died soon after his appointment, 
and was succeeded by Chas Weston. 

When Governor Lucas arrived at Burlington, Aug. 13, 1838. he was surprised 
to hear that Wm. B. Conway, the Secretary, when notified of his appointment 
at his home in Pittsburg, had hurried to the Territory and assumed the duties 
of Governor, and had issued a proclamation for an election, signing the docu- 
ment "Acting Governor." Governor Lucas quietly ignored this presumptious 
act of the Secretary, and at once entered upon the discharge of his duties. The 
first official act of the Governor was to issue a proclamation dated Aug. 13, 1838, 
dividing the territory into eight representative districts, and apportioning the 
members of the Council and House among the counties organized. The Legis- 
lature met at the old Zion church in Burlington, Nov. 12th, 1838. James W. 
Grimes, who was the youngest member of the House, being but 22 years old, 
became Governor of the State and later a distinguished United States Senator. 
S. Hempstead, a member of the Council, 26 years old, became the second 
Governor of the State in 1850. S. C. Hastings, member of the House, 24 years 
old. was afterwards elected to Congress, and in 1846 chief justice of the State 
Supreme Court. The laws enacted by this Legislature ir the main were 
satisfactory and worthy of men of greater experience. The only discreditable 
act was that prohibiting free negroes from settling in the Territory, unless 
they gave a bond of $500 as security for good behavior, and against their 
becoming a charge on the county. This act provided that any negro who should 
settle in the Territory without giving such bond, should be arrested and forcibly 
hired out to the highest bidder for cash, to serve six months. Any citizen who 
sheltered or employed a colored man, who had failed to give a bond, was subject 
to a fine of $100. Any slaveholder was authorized to come into the Territory 
to procure their arrest and surrender to him, by an Iowa officer, of any slave 
who had escaped from bondage and sought freedom on Iowa soil. The House 



156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Journal shows no opposition to this infamous law, but in the Council, Jas. M, 
Clark, Robert Ralsom and J. W. Parker voted against it. An unpleasant contest 
soon arose between the Governor and the Legislature. A joint resolution was 
passed directing the Secretary to pay certain officers and employes. The 
Governor held that a law must be enacted and approved by the Governor before 
the Secretary would be warranted in paying out money. This dispute became 
warm and culminated in a majority of the House joining in an effort to induce 
the President of the United States to remove him. Governor Lucas explained 
the matter to the President and it was dropped. The Missouri boundary line 
was settled by act of Congress March 6th, 1820, as follows: 

The parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the River Des 
Moines, then along said parallel of latitude to the middle of the channel of the 
main fork of said River Des Moines; then down along the middle of the main 
channel of said River Des Moines to the Mouth of the same, where it empties 
into the Mississippi River. 

In J 837 the State of Missouri appointed commissioners to run the Northern 
boundary line and mark it. In a search for rapids in the Des Moines River, 
they found ripples near Keosauqua, which they asstimed to be the "Rapids of 
the Des Moines" named in the act of Congress defining the boundary in 1820. 
But these ripples had never been called the "Rapids of the Des Moines," until 
so designated by those Missouri commissioners. The conflict first arose over 
a disputed territory when Clark County, Mo., enrolled the citizens within its 
limits, and placed their names on its tax lists. When the Missouri tax officer 
undertook to collect the taxes for Clark County, the settlers who lived in the 
territory in dispute refused to pay. The collector levied upon their property, 
and was arrested on a warrant issued by a magistrate of Van Buren County, and 
delivered into custody at Muscatine. 

CHAPTER XVIV. 

Governor Boggs of Missouri sent Gen. Allen, with 1,000 armed men, to aid 
the officer of Clark County in collecting the tax. Governor Lucas promptly 
ordered Gen. Browne to call out the militia and march to the defense of Van 
Buren County officials; 1,200 men responded to the call. Before proceeding 
to hostilities. Gen. Browne selected A. C. Dodge, of Burlington; Gen. Chaurch- 
man, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, to act as commissioners to 
negotiate a peaceable settlement. In the meantime the sheriff of Clark County 
had been directed to postpone the collecting of taxes, and a delegate had been 
sent to Governor Lucas to propose an amicable adjustment of the controversy. 
Gen. Allen had withdrawn his army and awaited the result of negotiations. 
The Iowa militia was disbanded. Col. McDaniels and Dr. Wagland, the Missouri 
commissioners, went to Burlington and conferred with the Governor and 
Legislature then in session, and it was agreed that hostilities should be post- 
poned, and the matter in dispute be referred to Congress for settlement. 

On the 18th of June, 18?»8, Congress authorized the President to cause the 
Southern boundary of Iowa to be ascertained and marked, Lieut. Lee was 
appointed for the United States and Dr. Davis by Governor Lucas for Iowa, 
Missouri had no representative on the commission. The matter was not finally 
settled until 1848, when the Supreme Court gave Iowa the boundary it claimed. 
The commissioners, John Reynolds of Louisiana, Robert Ralstom of Des Moines. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 

and Channey Swan of Dubuque, appointed to locate the Capitol, fixed the point 
on the East bank of the Iowa River, where six hundred and forty acres were 
procured. It was named Iowa City. The six hundred and forty acres were 
divided into lots, and the sale of the lots was well advertised for Aug. 18th, 1839. 
A tew log houses had been built before the sale. The first sale lasted three 
days and was then postponed until October. Two hundred and sixty lots were 
disposed of at these sales for $28,854.75, which amount was estimated to be 
about one-fourth the value of the plat. There were no roads leading into the 
new Capitol, and in order to guide travelers to it from the Mississippi River, 
the enterprising citizens employed Lyman Dillon to run a furrow across the 
prairies and through the groves, to guide strangers to the new seat of govern- 
ment. Dillon started a two-horse immigrant wagon, carrying provisions, cooking 
utensils and bedding. The ox team dragged the plow patiently all day, turning 
over the prairie sod to mark the way for the travelers. At noon and night the 
oxen were turned out to graze on the rich prairie grasses, while the men cooked 
their food and slept in the wagon. It was the longest furrow of record, being 
about one hundred miles; and soon a well beaten road was made beside it by 
the white-topped wagons of the new settlers. During the fall of 1839 Governor 
Lucas, accompanied by his two daughters, with Gen. Fletcher of Muscatine, as 
guide, all traveling on horseback, visited the new Capitol. They met a most 
cordial reception, the hospitality of the best house in the village, the only one 
having an attic, was tendered to them. The way to their sleeping rooms was 
up a rude ladder through a small opening in the upper floor. Before returning 
the Governor purchased a claim near the city which in after years became his 
home. The first settlers in and about the new Capitol are described, by one 
who was among them, as "Mostly young men without families, who had left 
the paternal roof in the older States in search of homes on the frontier, there 
to work out their own way in life's battles and toils. The young pioneer is 
not encumbered with extra baggage; with a gun and knife, a bake-pan, tin cup, 
some corn meal and bacon, all packed on his back, he explores the country on 
foot. He selects his claim, builds a rude log cabin, cooks his coarse food, and 
freely shares his scant supply with any traveler who comes along. When absent, 
his cabin door is left unfastened, and some cooked food left in sight for any 
weary, hungry pioneer who may chance to come in to rest. When several 
settlers have taken claims in one vicinity, the first act toward civil government 
is to meet at one of the cabins and form a 'claim association' for mutual pro- 
tection of their new homes. They selecf officers, record the names of the 
members, as well as the number of each member's claim. Thy pledge themselves 
to stand by each other in holding possession of their respective homes until they 
can be purchased from the United States. In the absence of laws pi'otecting 
their claims from mercenary speculators, they organized and enacted homestead 
and pre-emption laws long in advance of the legislation which was subsequently 
founded upon the recognition of the justice of this principle thus first established 
by the necessities of the early pioneers." 

Churches were organized in the new Capitol at an early date. The Presby- 
terians and Methodists organized as early as 1840. The former secured the 
first bell seen in Iowa City, and the story connected with it is worth relating 
here: 

"For several years their meetings were held in Berry's school house, the 
Mechanics' Academy, the temporary State House and in the Council Chamber 



158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of the Capitol. The erection of their church was commenced in 1844, but was 
not completed until 1850. It was burned in 1854. Their first regular pastor was 
the Rev. Michael Hummer of Paris, 111. He was a hard and earnest worker for 
the church in its early day. In 1846 Mr. Hummer was appointed by the Presby- 
tery as agent in the East to collect money to aid in the erection of buildings 
for Des Moines College, a denominational institution located at West Point, in 
Lee County, Iowa. It was reported that he made good collections but the 
treasury of the church, for some reason, did not get the proceeds of his labor. 
When the church pressed him for an accounting he became profane and abusive 
and refused to make any report of his doings as agent. When cited before the 
Presbytery he appeared and treated the members with defiance and contempt. 
After a very violent controversy he left the house, after denouncing the 
Presbytery as a den of ecclesiastical thieves. He continued obstinate and 
abusive until it became necessary to remove him from the ministry and deprive 
him of all authority in church matters. At the time of his expulsion he held 
a claim against the church for his services as minister and agent. In ill humor 
Mr Hummer removed to Keokuk, where J. W. Margrave, an early trustee of 
the church, and some men then quite prominent were building up a sect called 
the New Lights. Their creed was a mixture of Mormonism, spiritualism and 
other isms of the time. This congregation proceeded to build a temple and 
seeing that they would need a bell Mr. Hummer undertook to furnish them 
with a good one very cheap. 

"In the early days of the church in Iowa City some gentlemen of Troy, N. 
Y., among whom was the owner of the Troy Bell Foundry, had cast for and 
presented to the Presbyterian congregation a very fine church bell. At the time 
of the receipt of the bell the congregation met for worship in the old Capitol 
and the Rev. Mr. Hummer was their minister; a wooden frame was constructed 
just inside the east door of the State House and the bell was hung therein. It 
did duty there for several years until the church was built at the corner of 
Clinton and Market streets, when it was duly installed in the belfry of that 
edifice. Late in the summer of 1848. the Ex-Rev. Mr. Hummer and Dr. Margrave 
appeared in the city, and having provided themselves with ropes and pulleys, 
they entered the church without saying a word to anyone. Mr. Hummer went 
into the tower and began to lower the bell. Dr. Margrave waited below to 
receive it in his wagon. Word was sent down town. A few men with teams 
soon appeared. Mr. Margrave and his team was ordered to a distance and when 
the bell came down it was received in the wagon of Eli Myers. Anthony Cole 
removed the ladder, which was used in entering the tower, and Mr. Hummer was 
left a prisoner in the belfry. Dr. Margrave was given the choice of keeping 
perfectly quiet or taking an involtxntary bath at the foot of Dillon's Island. 
Mr. Myers quietly drove off with the bell, accompanied by A. B. Newcomb, James 
Miller, David Lamerean, Anthony Cole and Samuel Shellady. In the meantime 
the citizens of the town gathered to witness the strange proceedings of the 
man in the tower. Upon the refusal of his request for a ladder, Mr. Hummer 
became wild with rage and hurled such missiles as he could lay hold of at the 
crowd below. Failing to get any help he opened his battery of abuse and for 
a few hours treated his hearers to a general excommunication, and was partic 
ular to apply his curse to the church upon which he stood and its members. 
When time enough had passed for the bell to be safely secreted his companion 
was permitted to help Mr. Hummer down, and they began a search for the bell. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 



Failing to find any trace of it they went back to Keokuk, but soon returned 
bringing a datighter of Dr. Margrave. She was said to be a powerful medium; 
after due preparation the young lady was informed by the spirits that the lost 
bell was sunk in a well, but she failed to locate the well, and this led to an 
Indiscriminate sounding of wells in the city and vicinity, but no bell was found, 
and Mr. Hummer gave up the hunt. The bell was sunk in the Iowa River, on 
the East side not far below the mouth of Rapid Creek. It was safely chained 
to the roots of an elm tree. When the troubles between the church and Mr. 
Htunmer had been settled the bell was looked for with the intention of 
replacing it in the church to which it was donated, but the bell had disappeared 
and the community were as badly puzzled as to its whereabouts as Mr. Hummer 
had been. The matter remained a mystery for years, until, through Mr. New- 
combe, it was learned that the bell was taken to Salt Lake in the summer of 
18.50, by David Lamereau and James Miller, and presented or sold to the Morman 
church. Asa Calkin, who was an early settler here and also an early convert to 
Mormonism, was here at the time the bell was taken from the church, and he 
had removed to Salt Lake and was private clerk for Brigham Young at the 
lime the bell reached there. In the fall of 1868, Rev. S. M. Osmond communi- 
cated with Brigham Young in regard to the bell. 

"On November 3, 1868, Brigham Young answered Mr. Osmond's letter saying 
that 'the bell was there, that it had been well housed but never used and was 
in the same condition as when it reached there, that they had no use for it and 
that it would be immediately shipped to the congregation for which it was 
cast, provided the shipping charges were guaranteed.' No provision was made 
for payment of charges and the bell lies silent among the Mormons, where it has 
been for over fifty-five years. The ownership of the bell and the matters in 
dispute between the church and Mr. Hummer were finally passed upon by the 
courts and the bell became a subject of song and story. The poem of Hummer's 
Bell was composed by John P. Cook, Wm. H. Tuthill and others. It was 
preserved by Stephen Whicher of Bloomington and was often recited by him 
for the amusement of an evening gathering. George Yewell, then a boy, made a 
charcoal sketch of the taking of the bell, which is probably in the rooms of 
the Historical Society. 

"In 1854 an unlucky spark from Sperrey's carpenter shop lodged in the 
church roof and in a few hours the hard worked members were without a 
meeting place. After overcoming many obstacles the church was finally rebuilt 
and for several years was without a remarkable incident except a bolt of 
lightning, which somewhat damaged the spire, but on June 20, 1877, a wind 
storm passed over the city, mowing off chimneys and shaking walls in its 
march. It swept the spire of the Presbyterian church from its base and cast it 
a mass of broken timber in the street below. 

The following ode to Hummer's Bell has been preservi 

Ah! Hummer's Bell, ah! Hummer's Bell, 
How many a tale of woe 'twould tell. 

Of Hummer driving up to town. 
To take the brazen jewel down. 

And when high up in this belfry, 

They moved the ladder, yes-sir-ee, 

And while he towered aloft they say, 

The bell took wings and flew awav . : 



160 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Ah! Hummer's Bell, ah! Hummer's Bell, 

Ralph*, thy history shall tell. 
How at the East by Hummer's slight 

Donations, gifts and widow's mite. 
Made up the sum that purchased thee. 

And placed him in the ministry; 
But funds grew low, his dander riz. 

Thy clapper stopped, and so did his. 

Ah! Hummer's Bell, ah! Summer's Bell, 

We've heard thy last, thy funeral knell. 
And what an aching void is left! 

Of Bell and Hummer both bereft, 
Not e'en the rantings of R. P. 

Could give our eyes a sight of thee 
Thy spirit from the vasty deep 

In vtiin he called both loud and steep. 

Ah! Hummer's Bell, ah! Hummer's Bell, 

Lowe hints vmwisely in the well. 
Oh! thou art gone, thy silvery tone 

No more responds to Plummer's groan; 
There yet remains one source of hope 

Old Hummer left a tine bell rope. 
Which may be used, if such our luck. 

To moor our friends at Keokuk. 

Ah! Hummer's fJell, ah! Hummer's Bell, 

Thy checkered fate could Seer foretell? 
Thy prolonged sleep, so wet and calm. 

Amongst catfish near Clark's dam! 
Thy ride in hogshead o'er the plains! 

Transported thus in hope of gains. 
And now thy clanging, brazen tongue 

Calls up the hosts of Brigham Young. 

The seven paragraphs below explain respectfully the seven comic charcoal 
sketches made by George Yewell of the taking of the bell by Michael Hummer 
from the tower ofthe Presbyterian church late in the summer of 1848 at Iowa 
City, Iowa. 

J.— THE OUTBREAK. 

And it came to pass that Michael did ascend unto the housetop and com- 
mence taking down the bell. And the multitude cried out unto him to show 
by what right he did so; but he did hold his peace. 

Now when Michael had lowered the bell even unto the floor of the building, 
lo! the people laid hands on it and carried it away. Then Michael waxed wroth, 
and did say many naughty things, and did cast pieces of wood among the 
multitude, who cried unto him to stop lest he should kill some one. Then 
Michael raised his voice aloud and cried: Verily, verily, I will kill more of you. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 

II.— THE PARSON IN A RAGE. 

Now when evening was come Michael and his serving-man did go unto a 
room in a public inn. And Michael's wrath was great and he did kick over the 
chairs and stools insomuch that his serving-man did quake and tremble. And 
Michael bade him take a horse and ride to a distant town and hasten back with 
a cunning man who was a lawyer and then he would fix the rebellious multitude. 

III.— THE GHOST APPEARING UNTO MICHAEL. 

When the serving-man had departed and night was come, Michael did 
retire to his bed and lo! about the middle of the watch he was awakened by 
a rushing noise. He leaped from his couch and saw a bright light at a far 
distance coming towards him. And Michael watched it and trembled. It 
suddenly became of the shape of a huge bell, such an one as he did try to 
take the day past. And it stopped, and a huge face did appear on the top of 
the bell and did say unto him.: "Michael! Michael!! Michael!!!" And Michael 
answered: "What wilt thou?" And it answered: "Verily, verily, will I visit 
thee in thy slumbers until thou forsake thy wickedness." 

IV.— ARRIVAL OF THE ATTORNEY. 

Now when the serving-man did arrive in the morning with the lawyer, 
Michael was much downcast because of the visit of the ghost on the past night. 
Nevertheless they did set themselves to work to devise means to find where the 
multitude had hid the bell. Finally the serving-man did remember that he had 
a flster who, by means of clairvoyance, could gi\e unto them the information. 

v.— CLAIRVOYANCE. 

And straightway they journeyed unto Keokuk and did hire a learned man 
who did put tlie young woman in a state of clairvoyance. And then he spake 
to her saying: "Where is the bell?" And she forthwith answered: "Verily, 
it is in a well five miles distant Southwest from the town wherein it was placed." 

VI.— THE MISSIONARY SERMON. 

Now Michael's spirits did revive and straightway he sent the cunning man 
to The town to preach unto the natives and to threaten them. 

And he did so and the multitude did laugh at, and persecute him. Never- 
theless he threatened the wrath of the law, and of the law-loving Michael, but 
they only Laughed the greater, until, with a sad heart and sorrowful counten- 
ance, he bade 

VII.— THE ATTORNEY "SLOPES." 

adieu and straightway mounted his horse and, without a hat, did journey, no 
one knew whither, and has not been heard of since. 

And also of Michael and his sei'ving-man nothing can be found. Verily, 
verily, they shall have their reward. 



162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

This bell episode caused endless amusement for both old and young. 

One of the most important and notable of the early decisions of the 
Territorial Supreme Court was the rase of Ralph, a colored man, who had been 
a slave in Missouri, belonging to a man by the name of Montgomery. His 
master had made a written contract with Ralph to sell him his freedom for $550 
and to permit him to go to tho Dubuque Lead Mines to earn the money. Ralph 
worked industriously for several years, but was not able to save enough to pay 
Montgomery the price of his freedom. Two. Virginians at Dubuque, who knew 
of the agreement, volunteered to deliver Ralph to his former owner in Missouri 
for ?]00. 

Montgomery accepted the offer. Ralph was seized at the mines while at 
work, hand-cuffed and taken to Bellevue to be sent by a steamer to Missouri. 
Alexander Putterworth, a farmer working in his field, saw the kidnapping and 
hastened to the office of Thomas S. Wilson, one of the Judges of the Supreme 
(jourt, and demanded a writ of habeas corpus, which Judge Wilson promptly 
issued and served, by which Ralph was returned to Dubuque. The case was 
one of so much importance that at the request of Judge Wilson it was trans- 
ferred to the Supreme Court for trial. 

The court consisted of three judges, Charles Mason, Chief Justice, with 
Thomas S. Wilson and Joseph Williams, associates. After a full hearing it was 
unanimously decided that Montgomery's contract with Ralph, whereby he was 
permitted to become a citizen of a free territory, liberated him, as slavery did 
not and could not exist in Iowa. Judge Mason, in delivering the opinion, said: 

"Where a slave with his master's consent becomes a resident of a free 
State or Territory he could not be regarded thereafter as a fugitive slave, nor 
could the master imder such circumstances exercise any rights of ownership 
over him. When the master applies to our tribunals for the purpose of con- 
trolling as ])roperty that which our laws have declared shall not be property, 
it is incumbent upon them to refuse their co-operation." 

When it is remembered that the three judges (all Democrats), thus early 
enunciated the doctrine of humanity and equity, that slavery was local and 
freedom a natural right, the liberty loving people of Iowa will forever honor 
these pioneer judges who, in their sturdy manhood and love of justice, immor- 
talized their names in an opinion in direct conflict with the infamous later 
decision of the National tribunal in the case of Dred Scott. 

The corner stone of the new Capitol building was laid July 4th, 1840. The 
principal address was by Governor Lucas. The cost of this building was not to 
exceed ?51,000. A general depression in business prevailed during the time of 
Van Buren's term as President. The Whigs charged the hard times to the 
financial policy of the Democrats. Seeing a favorable condition for the over- 
throw of their adversaries, the Whig politicians called the first Political National 
Convention ever held in Iowa and proceeded to nominate Gen. W. H. Harrison 
for President. 

The Democrats nominated Van Buren for re-election. The Whigs rallying 
cry was "hard cider" and "log cabins," and with songs, public meetings and 
rallies, throughout the country, Gen. Harrison was elected on a wave of popular 
enthusiasm. 

The first call for a Democratic convention in Iowa was written by Edward 
Johnston, in January, 1840, and is as follows: 

"The undersigned, members of the Democratic party of the Territory of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 

Iowa, coiiceiviug it highly necessary that immediate steps should be taken to 
eifect an organization of the party, hereby pledge themselves to use all honor- 
able means in the several counties where they reside to bring about that result, 
and they further agree to use their exertions to have Democratic candidates 
sent from their respective counties to a territorial convention to be held in the 
ensuing summer for the purpose of nominating a candidate to Congress. 

"Edward .Johnston, Shepherd Loeffler, Laurel Summers, Jos. T. Fales, G. S. 
Bailey, John B. Lash, Jacob L, Meyers, Daniel Brewer, W. G. Coop, S. C. Hast- 
ings, J. M. Robertson, Jacob Minder, H. Van Antwerp, Thomas Cox, J. W. Parker. 

January, A. D. 1840." 

Pursuant to this call a convention was held, and General A. C. Dodge was 
nominated for Delegate in Congress. The Whigs held a convention and nomi- 
nated Alfred Rich. Dodge was re-elected by a majority of over five hundred. 

A proposition had been submitted to the people of the Territory at this 
election to call a convention for the framing of a constitution, preparatory to 
the admission of Iowa as a State. It was defeated by a vote of 937 for the 
convention, to 2,907 against it. 

The census of the Territory taken in 1840 showed a population of 43,112, of 
which 172 were negroes. The Legislature having created the offices of Auditor 
and Treasurer, on the 14th of January, 1840, Morgan Reno was appointed 
Treasurer, and Jesse Williams, Auditor. 

By the Federal census of 1840 it was shown that Iowa had produced, corn, 
1,406,241 bushels; wheat, 154,693; oats, 216,38.5; ouckwheat, 6,212; rye, 3,792; 
barley, 728, and potatoes, 234,863. Corn was the principal grain crop for many 
years and was largely used for bread by the pioneers. Prairie grass furnished 
pasture for stock and all of the hay required for many years. 

In pioneer days most of the houses were built of logs and covered with 
staves held in place by other logs, puncheons of hewed logs were used for the 
floor, and all done without the aid of a carpenter. Grain was stored in rail 
pens lined and covered with straw, and stables were built of logs or slabs, with 
roofs of prairie hay or straw held in place by poles. 

The Third Territorial Legislature assembled in Burlington on the 2nd day 
of November, 1S40. In his message. Governor Lucas gives a report of his action 
in relation to the boundary controversy with Missouri; recommends the organi- 
zation of rifie companies to protect settlers from the Indians; urges the Legis- 
lature to provide a plan for i-aising revenue to meet expenses not provided for 
by the general government. 

CHAPTER XX. 

The Legislature created the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction; 
changed the time of meeting of the Legislature to the first Monday of December; 
pi'ovided for a Superintendent of Public Buildings, and an agent to conduct 
the sale of lots in Iowa City. It provided a law for raising revenue, and author- 
ized a loan of $20,000 to aid in the completion of the Capitol building, to be 
repaid from proceeds of lots in Iowa City. Chauncey Swan was appointed 
Superintendent of Public Buildings with an annual salary of $1,000, and Jesse 
Williams was appointed Territorial Agent at a salary of $700 per year. 

The election of Gen. Harrison, the Whig candidate for President, was 
speedily followed by a removal of Democratic federol officers and the filling of 
their places by Whigs. Governor Lucas was superceded on the 13th of May, 



164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1841, by the appointment of Hon. John Chambers, of Kentucky. Gov. Lucas 
retired after nearly three years' service and settled near Iowa City, where he 
spent the remainder of his life. In looking back over his stormy administration, 
the verdict will be that he gave to the new territory wise, able and faithful ser- 
vice. He brought to the office large experience in public affairs, strling integ- 
rity and firm convictions of duty. Tenacious in his opinions, dignified in bear- 
ing, strong in purpose, he became involved in numerous sharp cotroversies and 
coniflcts with the first Legislature over the exercise of the veto power, but he 
acted strictly within the letter of the law. In his firm and prompt resistance to 
the claim of Missouri to a strip of Iowa Territory, Governor Lucas was sus- 
tained by the final decision of the United States Supreme Court. He was largely 
instrumental in procuring the establishment of a liberal public school system, 
at that early day one of the most advanced in operation in the West. 

On the 20th of June, 1841, a steamer, the "Ripple," ascended the Iowa River 
to Iowa City and was welcomed by a great assemblage of people who hoped this 
was the beginning of regular navigation of the Iowa. On the 22nd of June, Gov. 
Chambers made his first visit to the new Capitol and was cordially received by 
the citiezns. He was past middle age, plain, cordial in maiuner, and made a 
favorable impression on the pioneers. 

Governor Chambers, who was Superintendent of Indian Affairs, in Septem- 
ber, 1842, negotiated a treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians by the terms of 
which they ceded to the United States all of their remaining lands in Iowa, to 
the Missouri River, and agreed to move to their Kansas reservation at the expi- 
ration of three years. Before this treaty was ratified by Congress adventurous 
settlers crowded into the newly purchased Territory to secure the choice 
claims. 

The W^ar Department was called on for troops to expel them. The squat- 
ters were removed to the South side of the Des Moines River. 

The year 1842 brought to the people of Iowa severe financial depression, 
which had begun in the East two or three years earlier. Specie payment had 
been suspended and many banks failed. The Miner's Bank of Dubuque was 
the only one in Iowa. It had been poorly managed and was soon compelled to 
suspend. Throughout the Territory money was very scarce, and exchange of 
products was the only method of carrying on business. 

The winter of 1842-3 was one of the severest known by white men. Snow 
began to fall early in November and continued at frequent intervals throughout 
the entire winter, the first snow remaining oi^ the ground until April. The cold 
was intense, with fierce winds, and before spring, in many parts of the coun- 
try, snow reached a depth of from three to four feet. The settlers were poorly 
prepared for such a winter, their cabins were cold and little shelter had been 
provided for live stock. Great suffering ensued. Provisions became nearly ex- 
hausted; cattle perished by the thousands; deer, prairie chickens and quail 
were nearly exterminated. Half starved wolves prowled about the settlements 
seizing pigs, sheep and poultry wherever they could be found. The failure of 
banks had left the people without money; business was prostrated and the col- 
lection of debts became almost impossible. The only market for farm produce 
was the limited demand from immigrants moving into the Territory. Good cows 
could be purchased for ten dollars each; pork for one dollar per hundred, wheat 
twenty cents a bushel; corn and oats for ten cents. Money commanded from 
twenty-five to forty per cent and was of doubtful value. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 

Under these conditions the Sixth Legislature met at Iowa City, December 
4th, 1843. The census of 1844 showed a population of the twenty-one counties 
organized of 75,150. An attempt was made to repeal the charter of the Miners' 
Bank, the only one in the Territory, because it had suspended specie payments 
and being badly managed. The Territory had borrowed $5,500 of the bank, 
which it was unable to pay, and under these circumstances a majority of the 
members refused to drive it out of business. 

At the election held in Api'il, for a convention to frame a constitution, the 
vote stood 6,719 for and 3,974 against. Governor Chambers called an election 
for seventj'-two delegates. Among the number chosen to frame a constitution 
were: Ex-Gov. Lucas, S.Loeffler, J. C. Hall, J. Grant, S. Hempstead and F. 
Gehon, Democrats; R. Low, E. Sells, E. Cook and S. S. Selledy, Whigs. The 
convention met at Iowa City, October 7th, 1844, framed a constitution and fixed 
the bountdary of the proposed State to include a large proportion of Southern 
Minnesota, as follows: The South line as it now stands; the West line the 
middle of the Missouri River; North to the mouth of the Big Sioux, thence in a 
direct line Northwest to the middle of the St. Peter's River, where the Blue 
Earth enters the same, then down that river to th Mississippi River, then down 
the Mississippi to the North Missouri line. This boundary excluding the County 
of Lyon, part of Sioux and Osceola, about half of Plymouth and a small frac- 
tion of O'Brien and Dickinson, and it took from Minnesota about seventeen 
counties. The growing conflict between the pro and anti-slavery parties was 
renewed with bitterness when the application was made for the admission of 
Iowa. Finally it was agreed that Iowa be admitted a free and Florida a slave 
State, March 3rd, 1845. The Capitol Building at Iowa City cost $123,000, and 
was not completed until 1855, a little over fifteen years having been occupied 
in its construction. And in 1857 on the removal of the Capitol to Des Moines, it 
was given to the State University. 

The Iowa boundary fixed by Congress, would have taken eleven Counties 
from South Minnesota, but the W^estern boundary cut off thirty-one counties on 
the Missouri River slope and the Des Moines Valley. It brought the Western 
boundary of the State within forty miles of Des Moines. It made the State 
alone cue hundred and eighty miles wide and two hundred and fifty miles long. 
This would have made Cedar Falls the geographical center. The Iowa delegates 
in Congress, Hon. A. C. Dodge, opposed the change, but in vain. However, after 
Congress had approved it, thinking it was the best that could be done, he ap- 
proved its adoption and issued an address to his constituents, in which he said: 

CHAPTER XXL 

ADDRESS OF HON. A. C. DODGE. 

"A majority of the Committee on Terrintories was composed of members 
from the slave-holding portion of the Union. The delegate from Florida, sup- 
ported by the members from the South, brought forward a proposition for a 
division of that State, although its whole territory was three thousand square 
miles less than that embraced within the Constitutional boundaries of Iowa. 
The object of this move being to increase the number of slave states, and 
the weight of slave representatives in Congress. It met with warm opposition 
from the non-slave holding states, and as a counter movement they came 
forward with a similar proposition in regard to Iowa. After being 'fully, freely 
and even angrily discussed at various meetings of the Committee, the propo- 
sition to divide Florida was carried, and that to divide Iowa was rejected by 



166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



a strictly sectional vote. When the bill came into the House, where the rela- 
tive strength of the sectional parties was reversed, the action of the Committee 
was overruled bj^ a large majority. The clause for the division of Florida 
was stricken out, and the boundaries of Iowa, in opposition to my earnest 
protest, were subjected to considerable curtailment. 

"This was effected by votes of members from North, East and West, 
irrespective of party divisions. The amendment to reduce was opposed by 
Mr. Duncan (Democrat) from Ohio, and supported by Mr. Vinton (WTiig), who 
in a lucid and cogent manner represented the injury which the creation of 
large states would inflict upon the Western country. He forcibly exhibited 
the great wrong done to the West in times past, by Congress in dividing its 
territory in overgrown states, thereby enabling the Atlantic portion of the 
Union to retain supremacy in the United States Senate. He showed that it 
was the true interest of the people of the Valley of the Mississippi that new 
states should be of reasonable size, and he appealed to Western members to 
check that legislation which had heretofore deprived the Western country of 
its due representation in the Senate. I advert to the rmarks of Mr. Vinton, 
because their irresistible force was admitted by all except the delegates from 
the South. The House had a few days previous to this discussion passed a 
law for the annexation of Texas, by which Bve new states may be added to 
the Union. This furnished an additional reason why my protest was disre- 
garded, inasmuch as our fellow citizens from the non-slave holding states 
were desirous by moderate division of remaining free territory of the Union 
to give to the free states a counterbalancing influence." 

On the question of admission, the Territory soon divided into two parties. 
The Democrats as a rule favored the admission under the boundary fixed by 
Congress, and the Whigs opposed it. At this juncture E. W. Eastman, T. S. 
Parrins, and F. D. Mills, all young men and Democrats, seeing the mistake of 
dividing the State in that manner, commenced an agressive campaign against 
admission. Leffler and Wood joined them and a thorough canvass was made. 
The Constitution was rejected by a majority of nine hundred and ninety-six. 
Those young public-spirited men deserve all honor and praise, as but for them 
our Western boundary would not now be the Missouri River. The new Legis- 
lature met May 5, 1S45. An act was passed providing for the submission of the 
rejected constitution. The Governor vetoed it but it was carried over his veto 
by a two-thirds vote, and it became a law. Among the important acts of this 
legislation was the repeal of the charter of the Miners' Bank of Dubuque; abo- 
lition of the office of Territorial Agent conferring his duties on the Incorpora- 
tion of a University at Iowa City; changing the name of Louisville to Ottumwa; 
the organization of Iowa and Marion Counties. 

Dodge in his canvass for re-election advocated the adoption of the rejected 
Constitution of 1844. The result was 7,235 for and 7,656 against it. Thus it 
was rejected a second time by a majority of 421. Gen. Dodge was elected over 
his Whig opponent, R. P. Lowe, by a majority of 831. In 1846 the prevailing 
prices were: Horses from $50 to $60; Oxen, $40 to $60 per pair; Wagons, $75; 
Plows $8 to $20; Sugar 10c; Coffee 10c; Tea 75c to $1.50 per pound; Flour $4 
per barrel; Unbleached cotton sheet 18c; calicoes 10c to 20c per yard; Good 
board was furnished from $1.50 to $2.00 per week; the wage of common labor- 
ers was from 75c to $1.00 per day; Government land sold at $1.25 per acre, 
and an ordinary log cabin cost from $50 to $75. The State Government was 
organized with a population of 96,088. The total votes polled at the first election 
was 15,005; the Governor's salary was $1,000; Secretary of State $500; the 
Treasurer $400; and the State Librarian $150 per annum. The annexation of 
Texas in 1846 brought on a war with Mexico. Iowa was called on to furnish a 
regiment, and soon twelve companies of volunteers were organized. The Iowa 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167 

Volunteers gave a good account of themselves in the Mexican War. Many of 
the brave boys were laid to rest there, while many are still alive, at this writ- 
ing (1906). Tbe thirty-two delegates chosen at the election in 1846, to frame 
a State Constitution, met at Iowa City on the first Monday of May, and by the 
19th of the same month had concluded their labors. The boundaries of the State 
were fixed as they now exist. With that exception it was almost an exact copy 
of the rejected one. The only important change was the prohibition of the es- 
tablishment of a bank. On August 3rd it was adopted by a vote of 9,492 to 
9,036. The prohibition of the bank aroused a strong opposition to it, which 
came near defeating it. The Democrats nominated A. Briggs for Governor. 
The platform adopted by the first Democratic State Convention was as follows: 

1. Endorsed the administration of James K. Polk. 

2. Approved the independent Treasury bill and settlement of the Oregon 
boundary. 

3. Endorsed the repeal of the tariff of 1842 and approved tariff for 
revenue only. 

4. Pronounced unalterable opposition to all banking institutions of what- 
ever name, nature or description. 

5. Favored unlimited suffrage to free men without property qualifica- 
tion or religious tests; opposed the grant of exclusive privileges to corpora- 
tions. 

6. Declared in favor of less legislation, fewer laws, sti'ict obedience, 
short sessions, light taxes and no State debt. 

The following day the first WTiig Convention met at the same place and 
nominated Thomas McKnight for Governor. The platform adopted decide in 
favor of: 

1. A sound currency. 

2. A tariff for revenue and protection to American labor. 

3. Restraint of the Executive from exercise of the veto. 

4. Distribution of proceeds of the sale of public lands among the States. 

5. Improvement of rivers and harbors by the general Government. 

7. Condemned the administration of James K. Polk. 

8. Condemned the State Constitution recently adopted, with pledge to 
labor for its speedy amendment. 

S. C. Hartings and S. Leffler, Democrats, were elected to Congress. De- 
cember 15, 1846, A. C. Dodge, delegate from Iowa, presented to the House of 
Representatives, the Constitution of the State of Iowa. It was referred to the 
Committee on Terirtory, and on the 17th S. A. Douglas of Illinois, reported a bill 
for the admission of Iowa into the Union. On the 21st the bill passed the 
House and was sent to the Senate. On the 24th it was taken up in the Senate, 
having been approved by the Judiciary Committee. After an attempt to amend 
it had failed, the bill passed the Senate. On the 28th of December, 1846, the 
President signed the bill and Iowa became a state. Congress granted every 16th 
section to the new State, for the support of its schools. It amounted to 1,013,- 
614 acres. June 5, 1846, the Pottawattamies ceded their lands in Iowa to the 
United States. 

The Mormons or Latter Day Saints who were driven out of Missouri in 1846, 
with great heartlessness, and in fact almost unparalleled barbarity, found shel- 
ter in Iowa, and many of them made it their permanent home. The sufferings 
of those people were almost beyond description and as the details are interesting 
we will relate them as follows: 



168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



CHAPTER XXII. 

The first attempt to found a Mormon colony was made at Kirkland, Ohio, 
where Sidney Rigdon lived. Rigdon had been an eloquent minister of the 
Christian church in Kirkland, and was converted to Mormonism soon after 
Joseph Smith claimed to have found the plates on which a revelation was in- 
scribed, and from which the Mormon Bible was produced. Rigdon assisted 
Smith in procuring the printing of the Bible and on the 6th of April, 1830, they 
organized the "Church of the Latter Day Saints." Rigdon's eloquent preaching 
made converts rapidly, and on the first of January, 1831, they, had secured more 
than one thousand members and believers in the new religion. Smith claimed 
to have a second revelation commanding him to found a colony of the saints in 
the far West and build a temple in the New Jerusalem. A location was chosen 
in the vicinity of Independence, Missouri, where a large tract of land was se- 
cured, houses built, farms opened and the foundation laid for the temple. The 
Mormons from all quarters gathered at the New Jerusalem until several hun- 
dred were assembled. But the Missourians were intensely hostile to the new 
sect and finally a large mob attacked the Mormon colony, destroyed their print- 
ing office and other buildings and flogged some of the saints. Governor Boggs 
called out nearly five thousand of the State militia, under General J. B. Clark, 
with instructions "to exterminate the Mormons, or drive them beyond the bor- 
ders of the State." Gen. Clark proceeded to execute the orders. A large num- 
br of the leaders were arrested, their families driven from their homes at the 
point of the bayonet and the entire colony sent destitute out upon the bleaik 
prairie late in November, without even tents to protect them from the driving 
storms. The rivers and creeks were unbridged and filled with floating ice; 
the snow was deep, impeding their progress; many were killed, others wounded, 
families separated, women and children sick and dying for want of food, shel- 
ter and proper care. The oxen, which were their only teams, died of starva- 
tion. Disease and death claimed victims daily. 

Mothers carried their starving children, themselves weak with fatigue and 
hunger. The dead were thrust into rUde bark coffins and sunk in the rivers. 
At least 1,200 emaciated people in all stages ot disease and starvation reached 
the banks of the Mississippi River where the strongest crossed. The people of 
Iowa and Illinois treated them kindly, furnished food and such shelter as was 
available. Their leaders had been captured, such as were not killed, and pa- 
raded from one jail to another, tormented in a manner that stamps their ene- 
mies as more cruel and barbarous than Indians. At Howe's Mills twenty pris- 
oners were confined in a log building, the door fastened and the mob, joining the 
State militia, fired upon the helpless prisoners through the crevices between the 
logs until all were killed or wounded. One little boy, nine years of age, was 
dragged out and murdered in cold blood, while the savage white men cheered 
and danced around the dying boy and the nineteen other victims. 

The "Border Ruffians" who, a quarter of a century later, invaded the Ter- 
ritory of Kansas and slaughtered her citizens in a war waged to spread human 
slavery; and the Civil War, under the lead of Quantrell, murdered more than 
a hundred defenseless citizens of Lawrence in the presence of their families, 
were the progeny of those barbarous wretches. The authorities finally grew 
sick of the atrocities perpetrated by the militia that they were unable to con- 
trol and permitted the escape of the survivors of the Mormon leaders, who 
finally, reached the refugees who were. finding shelter in Iowa and Illinois 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 



The Mormons were expelled from Missouri in the fall of 1838. They cross- 
id the Mississippi and erected temporary shelter for the winter. Dr. Isaac 
Galland, a Mormon elder, was the owner of a large tract of land on both sides 
of the river and sold it to the refugees on liberal terms. In February, 1839, Dr. 
Galland wrote to Governor Robert Lucas of Iowa, inquiring whether their peo- 
ple would be permitted to purchase land and settle in the Territory of lowd. 
The Governor replied that he knew of no authority that could deprive them of 
that right; that as citizens of the United States they were entitled to the same 
rights and legal protection as other citizens. 

With this assurance a few Mormon families settled in the southeast corner 
of the Territory in 1839 and 1840. Bishop Knight bought for his church a part 
of the town sites of Keokuk, Nashville and Montrose, in Lee County. In 1840 
there were over one hundred Mormon families living in that County. 

CHAPTER XXIII. 

Across the river from Montrose was the little town of Commerce, started 
by New York speculators; this the Mormons purchased, changing its name to 
Nauvoo. Joseph Smith, their Prophet, came from imprisonment in Missouri 
and pronounced Nauvoo the seat of the church. As the Mormons gathered into 
it from all sides, it soon grew to be a large city and the foundation of a large 
temple was laid. Great numbers of converts came from England and joined the 
Nauvoo colony. 

A revelation in July, 1843, permitting a plurality of wives, raised a storm 
of indignation in the surrounding settlements, and it was charged that the 
Mormons harbored criminals. Joseph Smith was arrested in June, 1844, with 
other leaders. The arrests had been made by a company of soldiers on order 
of Governor Ford, of Illinois. The Mormon leaders were lodged in jail at Carth- 
age and charged with riot. On the 27th a mob numbering about two hundred 
men, disguised as Indians, attacked the guards at the jail, overpowered them, 
bioke down the door, killing Joseph Smith and his brother, Hiram, and severely 
wounding several others. Coniflcts frequently arose between the citizens and 
and the Mormons, some of whom had purchased claims and settled on the half- 
breed lands in Iowa. Although the Mormons had built a city of nearly 20,000 
at Nauvoo and erected a temple for public worship and had become the owners 
of valuable farms in the vicinity, their lives and property were almost con- 
tinually in jeopardy. Their religion and peculiar social practces were so obnox- 
ious to their neighbors, that they realized the necessity of colonizing their 
people in distant, unsettled regions, if they would secure religious liberty. 

In 1845 they began to dispose of their property and prepared to emigrate 
Westward into Iowa. B'righam Young, who had succeeded Smith, led the main 
body across the river, beginning the journey in February, 1846. A large num- 
ber, including many sick, aged and poor, had to be left behind until a new 
home could be provided. The transfer of 16,000 into Iowa was finally completed. 
The line of 3,000 wagons, 30,000 head of cattle, horses and mules, large herds 
of sheep, and the thousands of men, women and children made up such a car- 
avan as had never before been seen in America. 

Heavy cold rains fell and the rich black soil was converted into deep mud. 
But two or three miles could be made some days before the weaker gave out, 
and a camp had to be made on the wet ground where death came often to end 
the suffering of the sick. The burials were pathetic. In place of a coffin the 



170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



body was enclosed in bark stripped from green logs and buried in a hollow 
trench and the grave was marked by a post. 

In April, 1846, the first party stopped in what is now Decatur County and 
built rude log houses for shelter, while breaking up the prairie to raise crops 
upon which to subsist when they should resume their march. This settlement 
they named Garden Grove, and here several hundred made a temporary home 
for such as were too weak to travel. When the high bluffs of Grand River were 
reached, in what is now Union County, on the 17th day of June, seven hundred 
of the Mormons determined to stop and raise crops to supply provisions for 
themselves and those who were to follow them. They selected a ridge on the 
East side of Grand River. Here they built log cabins and dug caves in each 
side of the long street on the summit of the ridge. 

A mill was built by their mechanics; native boulders were dressed into 
mill stones and the machinery run by horse power. They erected a tabernacle 
in the grove and provided a cemetery in which their numerous dead were bur- 
ied. A great spring on the East slope of the ridge furnished an abundance of 
pure water for the entire population of "Mount Pisgah," the name they gace to 
the place. 

During the two and a half years the Mormons occupied this place, thou- 
sands of their brethren found it a most welcome resting place on their jour- 
ney Westward. The remnant left at Nauvoo were persecuted beyond endur- 
ance by the people who had flocked into the city after the main body o^" the 
Mormons had left, and on the 17th of September they were driven out. Cross- 
ing the rive under the lead of Heber C. Kimball, wagons and hand carts were 
procured and in October they started West. 

The women and children suffered from insufficient clothing and food. Trav- 
..,ling over the prairie, fording swollen streams, amid floating ice and fierce 
snuw storms, camping nights on the snow-covered ground, protected only by 
lents. their sufferings were fearful. Sickness from exposure prevailed to an 
alarming extent, and death by the wayide ended the misery of hundreds. 

CHAPTER XXIV. 

Their route was made conspicuous by the graves that marked their journey 
through Van Buren, Davis, Appanoose, Decatur and Union Counties. No such 
scenes have ever been witnessed in Iowa as maked the winter march of the 
Mornion refugees over its unsettled prairis. When Mount Pisgah was reached 
they found rest and shelter and kind hands to minister to their want. More 
than four hundred men, women and children who died from the effects oi' ex- 
posure and hardships of the exodus of 1846-7 were buried in the Mormon ceme- 
tery at that place. 

The Mormon authorities at Salt Lake caused a monument to be erected 
here in 1888 to the memory of the dead, who for the most part sleep in un- 
marked graves in this inclosure. On the monument are inscribed the names of 
William Huntington, the First Presiding Elder of Mount Pisgah, and sixty- 
seven others. The cemetery has long been in charge of C. A. White. It is 
often visited by high officials of the Latter Day Saints and surviving friends of 
thosf who perished during the exodus of 1846-7. A number of the Mormon 
families remained at Garden Grove, Mount Pisgah, Lost Grove, Sargent's Gr.we 
:ind Indiantown. Others made claims along the line of march, built cabins 
and opened farms. But the main body pushed on to the Missoudi River, where 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 

a village was built in the Southwest corner of Mills County. The greater num- 
ber, howcver, went Northward and located on Indian Creek and built a town 
ri:i\.r where Council Bluffs now stands, which they named Kanesvllle. 

In the persecution which the Mormons endured in the early years of their 
residence in the Western States and Territories, Iowa never joined. Our peo- 
ple and State officials have respected the right of American citizen to hold such 
religiius opinions as they chose and to enjoy the protection of our laws. Nar- 
rowness and bigotry has never flourished in Iowa. Her citizens claim the ut- 
most freedom of religious opinion for themselves, and accord the same rights 
to others. The kind treatment of the Mormons by Governor Lucas is in marked 
contrast with that of the officials and citizens of Missouri and Illinois. 

In 1847 Brigham Young led an expedition over the plains to Salt Lake, 
where he selected a location for the future home of the Mormons. In June, 
1848, the second expedition, consisting of six hundred and twenty-three wagons 
and nearly two thousand persons, joined the colony at Salt Lake. Elder Orso 
Hyde was their leader. A large tabernacle of logs was erected for their relig- 
ious meetings and another for school purposes. The farmers among them set- 
tled along the creeks and in the groves, and opened farms to supply provisions 
for the colony. During the year 1849 cholera of a deadly type was brought into 
their settlements and prevailed for nearly two years. The people, who had 
neither experienced physicians nor suitable medicines, living in poor cabins, 
were but illy prepared to encounter this terrible pestlenc. Hundreds died with- 
out medical attention. The bluffs were thickly dotted with newly made graves. 
Each year large parties of Mormons left the Iowa settlement to join the Salt 
Lake colony. 

An imperative order was issued in 1852 for all to emigrate to Utah, and, 
disposing of their houses and farms, and under the lead of Elder Orson Hyde, 
they crossed the great plains. Some, however, who were opposed to polygamy, 
remained in Iowa and reorganized the "Church of the Latter Day Saints," and 
finally established headquarters at Lamoni, in Decatur County, under the lead 
of Joseph Smith, Jr., son of the founder of the Mormon church. 

The first State Legislature convened at Iowa City on the 30th of November, 
1846. The Senate consisted of nineteen members and elected Thomas Baker, 
of Polk County, President. The House consisted of forty members and elected 
Jesse R. Browne, of Lee County, Speaker. The Democrats had a majority in 
Che Senate and the Whigs a majority in the House. But local issues had. in 
Lee County, overshadowed party considerations to such an extent that it was 
doubtful whether the Democrats would be able to command a majority on joint 
ballet for their candidates for Supreme Judges and United States Senators. 

The salaries were fixed as follows: Governor, $1,000; Auditor, $600; Sec- 
retary of Slate, $500; Treasurer, $400; Judges of the Supreme and District 
Courts, $1,000 each. For the purpose of defraying the expenses of the State 
government an act was passed authorizing the issue and sale of bonds to the 
amount of $55,000, bearing interest at ten per cent and payable in ten years. 

The first report of State Officers, made at the close of 1847, showed taxable 
property valued at $11,27,139, on which a tax of two mills should raise a revenue 
of $22,554.25; only $15,788, however, had been collected. The report of the 
Treasurer showed the total revenue from all sources to be $50,782.36, and the 
amount paid out on warrants $59,184.36. The children of school age were 20,- 
928, of which only 2,429 wer attending school. Congress adopted the policy 
cf granting lands for public improvements as early as 1802, long before a rail- 



172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



road was built. When a grant was made for a turnpike from tlie interior of the 
State of Ohio to the Ohio River, a grant was also made to aid the construction 
of a canal in Indiana. Other grants were made to Ohio and Illinois for similar 
purposes. In 1829 the first railroad on which steam was used was built. The 
first grant of public lands to aid in the construction of a railroad in the United. 
States was in 1833. The first grant of public lands in Iowa for internal im- 
provtment was in 1S46, to aid the navigation of the Des Moines River. It was 
every alternate section for five miles on each side of the river from its mouth 
to its source. 

Congress made the first grant of public lands to aid in the construction 
of a railroad by authorizing the State of Illinois to use the land therefore 
granted to aid in the construction of canals. 

As early as 1837 the people of Iowa had, through the efforts of John Plumb, 
became interested in a project for building a great trunk line of railroad to 
connect the Atlantic States with the Pacifi Coast, to be aided by a grant of 
public lands along the route. Such a route would be likely to pass through 
Iowa and open up its inland prairies to settlement. Asa Whitney, of New York, 
who projected a line of railroad across the great plains and Rocky Mountains 
to the Pacific Coast and had written able articles showing the feasibility of such 
a line. The proposed route passed through Iowa and the citizens of our State 
felt a deep interest in the project and some of the far-seeing men believd that 
the benefits of this commercial highway might be secured to Iowa by prompt ac- 
tion in obtaining a valuabl land grant for a railroad to the Missouri River. 

In 1854 a strong movement had been organized in the State by the Prohi- 
bitionists for the enactment of a law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of 
intoxicating liquor. The State Temperance Alliance had delegated to Hiram 
Price, D. S. True and John L. Davies the preparation of a bill to be presented 
to the Legislature, similar to the "Maine Liquor Law." The bill was drafted 
with great care and sent to Dr. Amos Witter, a Democratic Representative from 
Scott County, who, on the 13th of December, 1854, introduced it into the House. 
It met with active opposition, but finally passed both houses and was approved 
by Governor Grimes. One of its provisions required the act to be submitted 
to a vote of the people at the following April election. The vote stood 25,555 
for the law to 22,645 against. Having thus been adopted by a majority of 2,910, 
it went into effect on the first of July following. The act prohibited the manu- 
facture and sale of intoxicating liquors, excepting for mechanical or medicinal 
purposes. The penalties were fine and imprisonment. With some amendment 
and modifications this law remained upon the statute books for more than 
forty years. 

CHAPTER XXV. 

Ansel Briggs was the first Governor of the State of Iowa. He was inaugu- 
rated December 3, 1846, and the first legislature convened in 1848 the report of 
the Superintendent of Public Instruction showed children of school age 41,446, 
of which but 7,077 were in the public schools. There were 124 teachers em- 
ployed, of which 101 were men and 23 women. The average salary of the men 
was $16 per month, and of the women but $9. There were 673 organized 
school districts. The State Library contained 1,660 volumes, one-third of which 
were law books. The expense of maintaining the Library in 1847 was $109.31. 



HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 

The first homestead law, exempting the home to the heads of families 
from sale for debts was enacted by the Second General Assembly. The usual 
rate of interest was 40 per cent. Governor Briggs on retiring, congratulated 
the General Assembly and the people, on the settlement by the Supreme Court 
of the United States of our Southern boundary. The claim of Iowa being al- 
lowed. During this session the following counties were created: Union, 
Adams, Adair, Cass, Montgomery, Mills, Bremer, Butler, Grundy, Hardin, Frank- 
lin, Wright, Risley, Yell, Greene, Guthrie, Audubon, Carroll, Fox, Sac, Crawford, 
Shelby, Harrison, Monona, Ida, Allamakee, Humboldt, Pocahontas, Buent Vista, 
Cherokee, Plymouth, Floyd, Cerro Gordo, Hancock, Kossuth, Palo Alto, Clay, 
O'Brien, Sioux, Howard, Mitchell, Worth, Winnebago, Bancroft, Emmet, Dickin- 
son, Osceola and Buncomb. 

The code of 1851 was also adopted. The volume consisted of six hundred 
and eighty-five pages. The report of the Commission with diagram and field 
notes of the survey of the boundary between Iowa and Missouri was also filed 
and entered of record in the House Journal. The entire length of the line, so 
stablished, was two hundred and eleven miles and thirty-two chains. 

The census of 1857 gave Iowa a population of 116,454. The Democrats car- 
ried the State, at the Presidential election of 1848 by a small majority. Hon. 
Geo. W. Jones and T. S. Wilson were candidates for United States Senator, 
Jones receiving the nomination and election. The contract had been let for 
rendering the Des Moines River navigable, by building dams and locks, from the 
Raccoon Forks to the Missouri River, to be completed March 1, 1850. Much 
was expected from this improvement, but it was not realized. Efforts were 
also made to induce Congress to make appropriations to improve the Maquo- 
keta. Skunk, Wapsipinicon and Iowa Rivers. 

The first Exemption Law, providing for the exemption from debt of the 
home to the head of each family, was passed by the Legislature of 1848. The 
Democrats carried the election in 1849 by a small majority. In this year 
the California gold fever set in, and for three or four years the Iowa prairies 
were lined with immigration wagons bound for the gold fields. 

In 1850 the election was in favor of the Democrats. The plurality being 
about 2,000. Stephen Hempstead of Dubuque, was elected Governor. The 
financial report of the money on hand and recived for the year ending Novem- 
ber 4, 1850, showed amount received $90,444.33, paid out 90,442.94. The year 
1851 was remarkable for the vast amount of rainfall all over the State. 
The average precipitation was about 731/2 inches. Rivers were very 
high all summer and low lands were converted into lakes. In 
Dubuque County the floods were terrific. About the 15th day of May the little 
Maquoketa was so high that the water run from Sagevilla down the Couler 
avenue to Dubuque City, a distance of about five miles, where it emptied into 
the Missisippi River, which was also very high. At Sageville the grist mill, 
bridge and saw mill were washed away. A warehouse stored with flour, es- 
caped. In the morning when it was observed that the river was rising rap- 
idly, Harvey Thompson, the proprietor of the mill, John Challice and Joe, the 
teamster, entered the warehouse to pile up the flour which was in barrels.this 
was before sacks for flour came into use. They piled them up as high as possi- 
ble on the upper side of the building and when they started to go to breakfast 
they found they were prisoners. The water had risen so high and the 
- current was so strong that it was impossible for them to get out. Several neigh- 
bors gathered around but could afford no aid. Ropes were secured and an effort 



174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

made to float a raft to the building, but in vain. The current was so strong 
that it pulled the raft under. In the meantime a couple of men were sent to 
Dubuque to get a skiff. They were compelled to make their way over the hills 
as the Couler Valley was covered with water. They intended to haul the skiff 
out on a wagon but having learned that the water was high enough to float 
it they took to the oars and for the first and last time white men rowed a boat 
from Dubuque to Sageville up the Couler Valley. It was nearly noon when they 
arrived with the skiff and the water having fallen considerably the prisopers 
were soon released. The agonizing suspense which they endured during the 
four or five hours of their imprisonment can more easily be imagined than de- 
scribed. When the flood was at its height, it was expected momentarily that 
the building would be washed away, and in that eyent there was no. hope for 
the three men in it to escape. John Challice and Joe tried to make th,em- 
selves appear brave, but it was very much like the boy in the graveyard 
whistling to keep his courage up. Mr. Thompson spent most of his time sitting 
in an upper window or door. When the flood was at its height, a plank in the 
rear of the building gave way with a loud report and all thought it was the end. 
Mr. Thompson quickly dodged inside. This gave rise to the belief that he 
intended to go with the last remnant of his property without an effort to save 
his life or perhaps he saw the utter futility of any effort he might make in 
that direct-ion. 

When the water went down it was found that the rear end of the building 
was moved six inches off its base. The weight of the flour piled in front saved 
it. The county replaced the bridge and Thompson erected a stone mill that 
has stood the floods up to this date, but the sawmill was not rebuilt. A flood 
later in the season washed away the dam that was in process of contruction and 
did some damage to the mill then being built. Thompson received two thou- 
sand dollars from Mr. Douglas, his partner, who was in California, which helped 
him materially in erecting his new building. Two thousand dollars was a 
large sum those days and as there were no unions or trusts or syndicates it 
was sufficient to put up a good building. 

In order to keep the Sioux Indians at bay, Fort Dodge was selected as a 
site for a fort. The fort was erected and manned in 1849. It was abandoned 
in 1863 and the troops sent to Minnesota to build a new fort on the North line 
of the new purchase made from the Sioux Indians. 

At the Persidential election in 1852 the Democrats carried the State. Pierce 
securing 17,762 and Scott 15,856. George W. Jones was elected Senator for six 
years. 

February 22, 1854, thousands assembled at Rock Island to witness the ar- 
rival of the flrst train. At five o'clock P. M. the whistle of the engine St. Clair 
was heard. A great shout went up from the crowd. The booming of cannons 
and sky rockets were the response. Two other trains followed in rapid suc- 
cession. Speeches of welcome followed and a big time was had which lasted 
away into the night. In 185.3 the Illinois Legislature incorporated a bridge 
company, to build a bridge across the Mississippi River at Rock Island. The 
constructon of a bridge was opposed on account of its being an obstruction to 
navigation, but the courts decided in favor of the bridge. The work was begun 
in 1853 and finished in 1856. In 1852 the census showed a population of 229,929. 
At the election of 1S54 the Whigs won. J. W. Grimes was elected Secretary 
of State. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 



The last contest between Democrats and Whigs Occurred in 1855. The 
Whigs won by a majority of nearly 5,000; But before the next electioti the 
Whig party was largely absorbed by the New Republican party. The contest 
in Kansas over slavery had become very bitter. Thousands of people from 
slave States had entered the territory to aid in making it a slave state. Im- 
migration from the Northern States poured in, and the contest between the 
Slavery- and anti-Slavery parties was bitter and bloody. Armed collisions were 
frequent. In 1856 the Legislature passed a joint I'esolution in opposition to the 
extension of slavery. But our member in Congress took no part in the fierce 
discussion, until Harlan and Thorlngton were elected by the free soil Whigs and 
Abolitionists. Those were the first Iowa Congressinen to oppose the aggres- 
sion of the slave powers. 

May 15, 1S5G, Congress made a grant of every alternate section for three 
railroads running from Burlington, Lyons and Davenport, respectively, west- 
ward through the State. The grant to be subject to the disposal of the Leg- 
islature. At the Presidential election in 1856; the vote stood for John C. Fre- 
mont (Republican) 45,196; James Buchanan (Democrat), 37,663; Filmore 
(Whig) 9,669. The vote in favor of a Constitutional convention was 32,790 
against 14,162. The most important changes made in the Constitution were as 
follows: No lease of agricultural lands valid for more than twenty years; sec- 
ond. Biennial Sessions of the Legislature were to begin on the second Monday 
in January after the election of members; third, time of the general election 
changed to the second Tuesday of October; fourth, a majority of the members 
elected in each branch of the General Assembly was required to pass a bill; 
fiifth, local or special laws not to be passed on certain subjects, and in no case 
when a general law could be made applicable; sixth, no money to be appropri- 
ated for local or private purposes, unless by a vote of two-thirds of the mem- 
bers of each branch of the general assembly; seventh, the Senate was limited 
to fifty, and the House to one hundred members; eighth, the office of Lieuten- 
ant-Governor was created; ninth, the office of Supreme Judge was made elec- 
tive; tenth, the limit of State indebtedness was increased from one hundred 
thousand to two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. In case of insurrection, 
invasion or defense or in time of war this limit might be exceeded; eleventh, 
banks could be established under laws enacted by the legislature, provided such 
laws were approved by a majority of the whole, at a general or special election; 
twelfth, a State Board of Education was created; thirteenth, the Capitol of the 
State was permanently fixed at Des Moines, and the State University was per- 
manently located at Iowa City; fourteenth, to submit to a vote of the people 
a proposition to strike out he word "white" from the article on Suffrage. 

The census of the year 1856 gave Iowa a population of 517,875. Iowa was 
now very prosperous. Railroads were building rapidly; immigration was rush- 
ing in rapidly; crops were good and prices satisfactory. The Committee a- 
pointed to investigate the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, re- 
ported a deficit of $65,150. Although the Sioux Indians had sold the lands 
about the head water of the Little Sioux, they were reluctant to leave it. When 
the land was being surveyed by Mr. Marsh of Dubuque, a band of Sioux Indians 
attacked him, and compelled him and his party to cross the river and leave the 
country, after destroying his wagon and instruments and capturing their horses. 
In the war between the Sioux and Pottawattamies the last battle was founght 
on the Lizard in Webster County. The Sioux were in ambush and the Potta- 
wattamies were led into the trap. They fought bravely but were defeated with 



176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

great slaughter. The Survivors who reached their own country were so few 
that they made no more raids into the Sioux district.. 

CHAPTER XXVI. 

In 1847 a desperado named Henry Lott, built a cabin near the mouth of 
Boone River, which became a rendezvous for horse thieves and outlaws. Horses 
were stolen from the settlements below and from the Indians, secretd on Lott's 
premises and from there taken to the eastern part of the State and sold. In 1848 
Lott's marauders stole a number of ponies from the Sioux Indians, who were 
hunting along the river. Si-dom-i-no-do-tah and six of his party tracked the 
ponies to Lott's settlement, found them concealed in the woods, recovered them 
and the chife ordered Lott to leave the country within five days. This he failed 
to do and when the time was up, the Sioux chief ordered his men to burn the 
cabin and kill the cattle. Lott was now alarmed and fled down the river with 
a stepson, abandoning his wife and small children. Upon reaching the Pea set- 
tlement in Boone County, he spread the report that his family had been mur- 
dered by the Indians. The settlers at -once organized a party to punish the 
Sioux. Chemeuse, a Musquakie chief, was at Elk Rapids, sixteen miles below 
with several hundred of his band. He furnished twenty-six warriors for the ex- 
pedition, which was placed under his command and piloted by Lott. When they 
reached his claim the Sioux had gone, and the wife and children of Lott were 
there without food or shelter. A son twelve years old had attempted to follow 
Lott when he fled, but after wandering twenty miles alone had perished from 
cold. Lott remained on his claim, where his wife died during the year, as 
Lott reported, from exposure and abuse from the Indians. Lott swore ven- 
geance upon the Sioux chief, but made no haste to execute it. In the fall of 

1853, he and a son passed through Fort Dodge with an ox team and a wagon 
loaded with provisions, goods and three barrels of whiskey. He went into what 
is now Humboldt County and built a cabin on the bank of the creek which has 
since been named Lott's Creek. 

Here he opened trade with the Indians in goods and whiskey. In January, 

1854, Lott learned that Si-dom-i-na-do-tah and family were camped on another 
creek since named Bloody Run. Lott and his son went to the camp of the 
Sioux chief. Finding the chief did not recognize him, Lott professed friendship 
for the Indians. He told the chief that there was a large herd of elk on the 
river bottom and induced him to set off to find them. Lott and his son started 
toward their own cabin, but as soon as the old chief was out of sight, they 
skulked back, hiding in the tall grass, and as the old chief returned from the 
hunt they shot him dead as he rode by on his pony. Then they stripped him 
and disguising themsedves as Indians, waited until night, when, returning to 
the Indian tepEes, they gave a war crv, and when the Indian women and chil- 
dren came out in alarm, they butchered them one by one. 

The victims were the wife, children and aged mother of the dead chief, 
and two orphans living with them. One little girl hid in the grass and escaped 
and one little boy, terribly wounded and left for dead, recovered. They plun- 
dered the camp of every article of value and left the mutilatd bodies of their 
victims to be devoured by wolves. Returning to their own cabin, they burnt 
it, to throw suspicion on the Indians, loaded a wagon with plunder and fled down 
the river. Ink-pa-du-tah, a brother of the murdered chief, was encamped with 
another band of Sioux Indians a few miles from the scene of the massacre. A 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 177 



few days later he discovered the dead and mangled bodies of his mother, 
brother and his entire family. 

A careful examination by Major Williams of Fort Dodge, and Ink-pa-du-tah, 
led to the discovery of facts which left no doubt that Lott was the perpetrator 
of the murders. His heavily loaded team was tracked down the river on the 
ice to the mouth of the Boone. Lott stated that he had been driven from his 
claim by the Indians, and he here sold to the settlers the pony, gun, furs and 
other property belonging to his victims. Lott hurried on his flight down the 
river, leaving one of his children at T. S. White's six miles below Fort Dodge, 
and his two little girls at Dr. Hull's in Boone County. 

Major Williams, with several of the Indians, followed rapidly on their trail, 
hoping to overtake and arrest them. But they having several days' start left 
the Des Moines River, struck out westward upon the unsettled prairie, crossed 
the Misouri River north of Council Bluffs and disappeared on the great plains. 

Several years afterwards it was learend by a letter from his son that 
Henry Lott met his fate at the hands of the "Vigilance Committee" for crime 
committed in the gold regions. Ink-pa-du-tah brooded sullenly over the cruel 
murder of his mother and brother, believing that some of the white settlers 
were parties to tJie massacre and had aided Lott and his son to escape. The 
head of the murdered chief was taken to Homer, by some unknown barbarous 
wretch and nailed on the outside of a house. Upon learning this the Sioux 
were highly incensed and threatened revenge. These facts were all procured 
from Major Williams, who had been active in his efforts to bring the murderers 
to justice, and was familiar with the true history of the massacre. Ink-pa-du- 
lah never manifested friendship for the whites after this murder of his relatives 
but looked upon them as treacherous enemies. There can be no doubt that he 
determined to bide his time for retaliation, which resulted a few years later in 
the Spirit Lake massacre. 

CHAPTER XXVII. 

During 1S55-6, adventurous pioneers explored the valley of the Little Sioux 
and made claims at different places near the river. They built cabins and set- 
tled with their families at Correctionville, Woodbury County, Pilot Rock, in 
Cherokee: Peterson and Gillett's Grove in Clay County. 

An Irish colony located near Medium Lake, on the west fork of the Des 
Moines River in Palo Alto, and a Mr. Granger had built a cabin in Emmet Coun- 
ty, near the north line of the State. A small colony had ventured farther up the 
river and made a settlement in Minnesota, called Springfield. Asa C. and Am- 
brose A. Call, brothers, had settled near the present town of Algona, on the 
east fork of the Des Moines River, in 1854. The settlements of Okoboji and 
Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, had been made in 1856, and embraced aboui 
fifty persons. Most of the Indians had by this time removed from Northwest- 
ern Iowa, but parties frequently returned to hunt and fish at their favorite re 
sorts of former years. Ink-pa-du-tah, who often came with his band, had pro 
fessed friendship for the whites in these isolated settlements, but those who 
were best acquainted with the treachery of the Indians, were apprehensive that 
some day he would take revenge upon them for the murder of his relatives by 
Lott. 

The winter of 1856-7 was one of unusual severity. Continuous storms swept 
over the prairies, covering them with a depth of snow that made travel very 



178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



difticult. They continued late into March, filling the ravines with drifts so deep 
that coniinunicatinn between the scattered settlements was almost impossible 
for weeks :md months. The colony was short of provisions and it was difficult 
to replenish. Ink-pa-du-tah had carefully noted the condition of the settlers 
and with the ferocious and relentless cruelty so characteristic of his race, laid 
his plans tn vifiii an awful retribution upon the countrymen of Henry Lett. It 
mattered not that these settlers were innocent of any part, knowledge, or sym- 
pathy with the murders; they were of the white race to which Lott belonged 
and their lives must atone for his' crime. 

During the summer of 1856, Ink-pa-du-tah, with his band, had visited most 
of these frontier setii^menis and carefully noted their helplessness in case 
of a sudden attack. In February, 1857, the Sioux chief selected abo.it thirty of 
his warriors and accompanied by their squaws, to allay suspicion on the part 
of the settlers, siaiied up the Little Sioux Valley. The chief s-nt detached 
parties to the settlers' cabins to take their arms, ammunition, provisions and 
cattle, and leave them defenseless and destitute. The weathoi was cold and the 
snow was deep, the settler few and widely separated, beyond reach of aid, and 
were compelled to submit to every outrage the Sioux chose i;o perpetrate. Re- 
sistance would have brought certain death. 

As the Indians n-'vanced their depradtions began to ai.;-i'.n!e a savage char- 
acter. At Gr.lect's (.rove ten armed warriors forced an entrance into a house 
cc(Mipit'd by two fan.'ilies, seized the women and girls and subjected them to 
horrible outrages. Thty destroyed the furniture and heds. killed the cattle and 
hogs and robbed the lerr'iied families of every article they took a fancy to-. 
Near midnight the settlers Tied through the deep snov ■'•audering for ihiny- 
six hours, thinly clad, until they reached the house of Aner Bell, the nearest 
neighbor, utterly exhausted and nearly frozen to death. The Indians went from 
cabin to cabin, perpetrating outrages too horrible to relate, carrying off some 
of the girls to their camps where they were held until the savages moved on 
T'p to this time, however, no one had been killed. 

Fort Dodge was seventy miles distant and Abner Bell lA-. Weaver and Mr. 
Wilcox started through the deep snow for that town. Tiieir story of the Indiiin 
outrages created great ii -.irpation and excitement; as all realized that the 
frontier settlements were in iniTfiinent danger. The pioneers who built the first 
cabins in the beautiful groves that line the shores of Okoboji and Spirit Lakes, 
were Rov/land 'Hardner and l-awey Luce, his son-in-law. Thev had recntly em- 
igrated from the State of Nev York. Crossing the prairies in their canvas-cov- 
erad wagons drawn by oxen, they found no settlement wes:t of Algona, but con- 
tinued on westward until ibe evening of July 16. 1856, when they cam])e(l on 
the beiMitiful shore cf West Okoboji. They were so en;li..n'.tc J with the beauty 
of the lakes, forest and prairie that they decided to here make their homes. 
Tliey explored the country about them and found the clear blue waters of Ok- 
oboji fringed by alternate stretches of sandy beach, pebble shores, wall of 
bowlders and forests reaching down to the water's edge. Away in the distance 
wer" prairies, while eastward were other lakes and groves. Not a sign of hu- 
man habitation or smoke of camp fire was to be seen in any direction from 
the highest point on the lake shore. They were the sole inhabitants of the 
raradise they had discovered, far distant from the haunts of m^n. Elkj and 
deer were grazing on the prairies. Water fowls were coming and going from 
lake to lake. Great flocks of prairie chickens were seen and squirrels and birds 
were on every side. 



HISTORY OP THE STATE OP IOWA. 179 

Thej' selected a site for their cabin on the southeast shore of West Oko- 
boji, near the rocky projection since known as Pillsbury Point. The families 
consist ;d of Rowland Gardner, Ms wife, son and three daughters; also Harvey 
Luce, his wife and their two little children. The first human beings they saw 
after locating their new home, was a party consisting of Dr. I. H. Herriott, Bes- 
tell Snyder and William and Carl Granger, who camped on the strait separating 
the two Okoboji lakes. They were the first white men to paddle a canoe on 
these lakes. Fascinated by the beautifu aspect of the country each took a 
clav T and built a cabin on a peninsula, now known as Smith's Point. The next 
settlers were from Delawar County, Iowa; James H. Mattocks, his wife Mary 
and four children. They built a cabin opposite Granger's on t^he slope extending 
down toward the straits from the South side. Robert Mathiesou and a son 
lived with them. Both of these cabins overlooked East and West Okoboji 
lakes. Some weeks later Joel Howe, his wife Millie, with six children, settled 
on the Eeast shore of East Okoboji. A daughter, Lydia, had marled Alvin No- 
ble, and they had a son two years old. This family, with Joseph M. Thatcher 
and his young wife Elizabeth, with their infant daughter, occupied a cabin 
a mile north of Howe's, at the upper end of the grove. A trapper, Morris Mark- 
ham, boarded with Noble and Thatcher. These people were all from Hampton, 
in Franklin County. 

CHAPTER XXVIII. 

Six miles northeast, on the west shore of Spirit Lake, William Marble and 
his young wife Margaret, recently married in Linn County, had taken a claim 
and built a cabin. These made a settlement among the lakes of six families, 
separated by distances of from one-half to six miles, in which were living six- 
teen men, eight women and fourteen children. This little colony came to the 
lakes in the summer of 1856. Early in February their supply of provisions was 
nearly exhausted. It was a long pei'ilous journey to the nearest settlemnts 
where provisions could be procured. But with starvation staring them in the 
face, Harvey Luce and Joseph M. Thatcher started for Waterloo with an ox team 
and sled for supplies. After a journey over trackless prairies, working their 
way through snow drifts, they reached Waterloo, loaded their sled, started on 
their return and reached a cabin ten miles below Emmetsburg, where their team 
gave out. Thatcher remained here several days to rest the oxen, but Luce, feel- 
ing anxious about his family, determined to go on. Here he found Jonathan 
Howe, Enoch Ryan and Robert Clark, who joined him on his homeward jour- 
ney. Jonathan was a son of Joel Howe; Clark and Ryan were young men. 

After a fatiging journey through snow drifts and blizzards, Luce and his 
three companions reached the Gardner cabin in the evening of March 6th. The 
day after their arrival the weather moderated, and Mr. Gardner concluded to go 
to Fort Dodge for provisions. As the family sat down to an early breakfast, 
the cabin door was opened and fourteen Indians walked in, led by Ink-pa-du-tah 
They professed friendship until they had eaten all of the food in the house, 
when they attempted to seize the guns and ammunition. Luce resisted them 
and a most unequal struggle began. Dr. Herriott and Carl Snyder now entered 
and seeing four determined men the savages withdrew. Believing that the set- 
tlement was in danger, Mr. Gardner urged the young men to notify all of the 
neighbors to assemble at the Gardner house, which was the largest and strong- 
est, and there defend themselves, should the Indians become hostile. The 



ISO HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



young men thought there was no danger and soon after went to their cabin. 
The Indians prowled around until near noon when they approached the 
.Mattccks' cabin, driving Gardner's cattle and shooting them on the way. Gard- 
ntri. Luce and Clark now forsaw the danger and made a heroic effort to warn 
their neighbors. Mr. Gardner remained to protect his family, while Luce and 
Clark started, about two o'clock to give the alarm. Soon after the rapid firing 
of guns at the Mattocks' house and the screaming of the terrified women warned 
the Gardner family that the work had begun. Mr. Gardner now baricaded the 
door and prepared to defend his family to the last, but his wife, who still had 
hope that the Indians would spare them for the many acts of kindness in times 
past, begged of her husband not to fire upon them. The Indians now forced 
their way into the house and shot Mr. Gardner, killing him instantly. They 
then turned upon the women and children and beat their brains out with clubs; 
the only one spared was Abbie, the daughter, fourteen years of age. The terri- 
fied child begged of the savages to kill her, too, as she could not endure the 
thought of the terrible tortures and outrages iniflcted on helpless prisoners. 
But heeless of her entreaties, they dragged her away, while the moans of her 
dying mother, sister and brother, filled her with anguish and horror. At the 
Mattocks' house a brave resistance was made. When the attack began Dt*. Her- 
riott and Carl Snyder seized their guns and hastened to the assistance of their 
neighbors. But outnumbered five to one as they were by the Sioux warriors, 
there was no hope of successful resistance. The five men fought here with 
bravery unsurpassed, to save the women and children, and as they fell one by 
one, with rifles grasped in their hands, the terror of those remaining, for whom 
their lives had been given, was appalling. 

When Abbie was dragged to this scene of slaughter the mangled bodies of 
the five men. two women and children were lying about the burning cabin, 
while the shrieks of other children roasting in the flames, made a succession 
of horrors too hideous for description. No witnes survived to tell the fearful 
story of the heroic flght and bloody massacre here, but eleven muliated bodies 
were left to mark the spot. A careful examination of the vicinity later, by the 
party who buried the dead, throws some light upon the struggle. 

Dr. Herritt and Carl Snyder doubtless heard from their cabin the shrieks 
of the women and children, when the attack began at the Mattocks' house. 
Then came the reports of firearms as Mr. Mattocks, Matieson and the young 
man seized their rifles and fought desperately against the savages. Dr. Her- 
riott and young Snyder might have ecaped now by flight, but heroic men as 
they were, no such attempt was made. With rifle in hand they hurried to the 
rescue, regardless of overwhelming numbers. At the first fire Dr. Herritt 
brought down one of the Sioux warriors; then rushing into the thickest of the 
fight, the two brave men shattered their empty guns over the heads of the sav- 
ages in a vain efforts to save the terro-stricken women and children. How many 
Indians were killed or wounded in the coniflct can never be known. Abbie 
Gardner believes that none were killed and but one was wounded. But Major 
Williams, the veteran commander Of the relief expedition that buried the dead, 
is of a different opinion. In his report to Governor Grimes, made on the 12th 
of April, immediately after the return of the burial party to Fort Dodge, he 
writes : 

Luce and Clark, who started from the Gardner home to warn the settlers, 
went toward Mr. Howe's. They were overtaken, shot down and scalped. This 
closed the first day's horrid work of March 8, 1857. That night the Sioux war- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 

riors celebrated the butchery of twenty men, women and children, keeping time 
in their war dance to the beating of drums, circling over the blood stained 
snow with unearthly yells among the mutilated bodies of their victims, until 
exhausted by their horrid orgies. Crouched in an Indian tepee, Abbie Gardner, 
the only survivor of the first day's massacre, prostrated by grief and terror and 
the awful deeds she had been compelled to witness, endured such anguish as 
seldom falls to the lot of a human being. 

CHAPTER XXIX. 

While this awful butchery was going on, the neighbors on the east side of 
the lakes had no warning of their impending danger. Luce and Clark were ly- 
ing dead on the South shore. Mr. Howe had started early in the morning 
•of the 9th, wading through the deep snow drifts toward the Gardner cabin to 
borrow flour. He was met by the Indians who were going to his house to con- 
tinue their work. They shot him, then sevred his head from the body and 
hurried on to his cabin. Mrs. Howe, her son Jonathan, his sister Sardis, and 
three young brothers, all unsuspicious of danger, were in the hone. Suddenly 
the door was burst open, a wild rush of yelling Indians with gleaming toma- 
hawks and scalping knives filled the house, and a moment later amid screams 
■of terror and moans of anguish, the dead and dying bodies of the entire family 
were lying in the blood-stained snow. The Thatcher cabin was next visited. 
There the Indians found Mr. Noble, his wife and child, Mrs. Thatcher and her 
•child and Mr. Ryan. Seeing two stout stalwart men at home, the cowardly 
savages professed friendship as they entered the house. Noble and Ryan were 
thus deceived, when the Indians suddenly turnd their guns upon them and 
fired, killing both men before they could seize heir rifles. The two children 
were snatched from their mother's arms and swinging by their feet against a 
tree near the door, dashing their brains out. They plundered the house, killed 
the cattle and hogs, then dragging Mrs. Noble and Mrs. Thatcher with them, 
started for their camp. With a refinement of cruelty, peculiar to their race, 
they took Mrs. Noble back to the Howe cabin, where with unspeakable horror 
she saw the mangled bodies of her mother, sister and four brothers. Jacob, 
her thirteen year old brother, was still alive, and while the Indians were killing 
the cattle, she endeavored to put him in a bed in the house, hoping he might be 
saved, but the savages discovered him and beat his brains out in the presence 
of his sister who was unable to protect him. 

The Indian remained about the lakes until the 13th, while William Marble 
and his young wife knew nothing of the terrible fate that had overtaken every 
family of their enighbors. They were several miles from any other house, and 
had heard nothing to alarm them. On that morning, soon after breakfast, as 
Mrs. Marble relates, looking out of the cabin window, a band of painted and 
armed Indians was seen approaching. They came into the house and professed 
friendship. One of them wanted to exchange his rifle for a very fine one be- 
longing to Mr. Marble, who, fearing to offend them, agreed to the trade. They 
then proposed shooting at a mark. Mr. Marble fired first and stepped forward 
to examine the target, when the treacherous savage shot him in the back. Mrs. 
Marble, who had been anxiously watching them from the window, in fear for 
Iier husband's safety, sprang out with piercing screams as he fell, and threw 
her arms around her murdered husband, in the agony of despair. He was dead, 
and she was alone in the hands of his brutal murderer. They flung her aside 



182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



and searched the body of their victim, taking from it a belt containing $1,00U in 
gold. This was the little fortune the young couple had brought with them to 
improve and stock the beautiful site for a farm they had selected on the banks 
of the lake. The Indians then plundered the house, took Mrs. Marble's gold 
watch and placed her upon a pony. In one brief hour the young wife had lost 
husband and home, and was a captive, reserved for a fate worse than death. 

The Indians with their plunder joined the main body, and here Mrs. Marble 
found the other three captive women and learned the terrible fate that had 
overtaken the entire settlement. They realized now that none were left ta effect 
their rescue. They prayed for death to end it all and save them from a fate 
too awful to be contemplated. They were soon separated, each being taken 
to a different lodge, where their hair was braided and their faces painted, the 
same as the Sioux squaws. They were held as slaves and suffered treatment 
as brutal as has ever befa.llen helpless women in the hands of savages. 

Thus did Ink-pa-du-tah bide his time, and did, after the lapse of more than 
three years, wreak a fearful vengeance upon innocent white families for the 
masascre of his nearest relatives by Henry Lott and his son. Not a person was 
left in the entire colony at the lakes to carry the news of the great tragedy to 
the nearest settlement. But it was discovered on the same day the Howe, No- 
ble and Thatcher families were slaughtered. 

Morris Markham, who livd at Noble's, had started for the Des Moines River 
on the 7th, in search of some cattle that had strayed away. Returning on the 
evening of the 9th, cold, hungry and exhausted, he reached the Gardner cabin 
near midnight. It was cold and dark, and Markham was surprised to find the 
doors open and the house deserted. Upon examination he came upon the bodies 
of the family, some lying upon the floor and others about the yard. Horror 
stricken by these evidences of a terrrible ti'agedy, he cautiously went on 
throught the dark forest towards the Mattocks' house. When near it he discov- 
ered the Indian camps, and realized that the fierce Sioux had apeared in his ab- 
sence and murdered his friends and neighbors. He saw the smouldering ruins 
of the Mattocks' cabin and the mutilated bodies of other settlers lying about. 
He turned back toward the Howe settlement, hoping against hope that it might 
have escaped the massacre. But upon reaching Howe's cabin he again came 
upon the ghastly bodies of women and children. Markham had walked thirty 
miles since morning, through deep snow without food or rest. He was ex- 
hausted and his feet were frozen. He managed to start a fire in a ravine, not 
far away, and here, without shelter or food, he spent the remainder of the night,, 
not daring to lie down, lest he, too, might be murdered by the savages. 

CHAPTER XXX. 

Before daylight he started for Springfield, Minn., eighteen miles distant. 
He reached that place completely exhausted and spread the news of the fate 
of the Okoboji colony. Fortunately Markham's strength held out to warn them 
of the danger, else they would have shared the fate of their neighbors. After 
a consultation the people decided to gather all th families at the houses of 
Thomas and Wheeler for mutual protection. Messengers were sent to Fort 
Ridgely for aid. For seventeen days the settlers at Springfield were kept in sus- 
pense, hourly expecting an attack from the Indians. There were sixteen men,, 
women and children at the Thomas house when the attack began. Most un- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 



expectedly the Indians found the people prepared to give them a warm re- 
ception. 

The savages dressed one of their number in citizen's clothes and he ap- 
proached the Thomas house in a friendly manner, calling the people out upon 
a cunning pretext. The remainder of the band was concealed behind trees 
in the forest surrounding the cabin. They opened fire upon the settlers who had 
been decoyed outside. The volley mortally wounded a little boy eight years old 
and severely wounded Mr. Thomas, David Carver and Miss Swanger. There 
were but three men now left in the house unhurt — Morris Markham, Jareb 
Palmer and John Bradshaw. Hastily barricading the doors, the three men, as- 
sisted by Mrs. Thomas and Louisa Church, Eliza Gardner and Miss Swanger 
prepared for a vigorous defense. 

The wounded had succeeded in reaching the house, except little Willie 
Thomas who had fallen outside, and was overlooked in the excitement until 
after the doors were barricaded. Then it was too late to rescue him without 
endangering the lives of all. His father was severely wounded and his mother 
begged piteously to be permitted to open the door and bring him in; but the 
others felt it would be certain death to all and he was left to his fate. The 
Indians gradually crept nearer the house while keeping up a constant fire on 
the besieged settlers. They, however, kept in shelter of the log stable and large 
trees. Eliza Gardner and Miss Swanger cast bullets and loaded guns, while 
Mrs. Church took the place of one of the wounded men at a port-hole and fought 
as bravely as the men. Watching a tree behind which an Indian was firing upon 
the cabin, Mrs. Church gave him a load of buckshot as he was aiming his rifle 
at the house. He fell back howling into the snow. So the fight went on until 
sunset, and well directed shots from the cabin preventing an assault by the 
Indians. At dark they joined others of the band who were butchering isolated 
settlers. 

William and George Wood, who kept a store and were on fi'iendly terms 
with the Indians, were confident that they would not be moletsed and refused 
to unite with their neighbors in preparing for defense, as they discredited Mark- 
ham's report of the massacre at the lakes. A party of Sioux, upon their arri- 
val, went to Wood's store and purchased a keg of powder and a quantity of lead, 
which was used in the siege of the Thomas house and in the slaughter of the 
Stewart family. The Wood brothers suffered a fearful penalty for their folly, 
as some days later the treacherous Sioux returned to the store, shot the pro- 
prietors, plundered the store and, piling brush over the mutilated bodies of the 
victims, set it on fire. Johnny Stewart, a little eight year old son of Joshua 
Stewart, had escaped into the woods when the family was massacred by the 
Indians. After dark he made his way to the Thomas home and was taken in. 
Soon after a Mr. Sheigley arrived. There were now seventeen persons in the 
house, three of whom were badly wounded and in need of medical aid. 

A consultation was held, and it was determined to attempt to escape in the 
night. Whether they should stay or go, there was but little hope of escape from 
the doom that had overtaken their neighbors. They believed themselves to be 
the only survivors of the colony. No aid could be expected, and they deter- 
mined to try to reach the nearest settlement. There was great fear that the 
Indians were lurking near by in the woods. Some one must venture to ex- 
amine. It was a dangerous undertaking and all hesitated. A volunteer soon 
offered himself. 



1S4 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



It was the brave Morris Markham, who had discovered the massacre at the 
lakes and had already saved the lives of all present by warning them of the 
impending danger. He told his companions that if he discovered Indians he 
would warn them by firing his gun, and they would immediately barricade the 
door and defend themselves without waiting for him. He stepped out into the 
darkness and disappeared. His comrades waited with intense anxiety. Mark- 
ham crept silently through the snow from tree to tree, listening for the first 
mcvement of a stealthy foe. He cautiously made a wide circuit around the 
house and stable, expecting any moment to hear the crack of a rifle or the sud- 
den rush of armed savages. Half an hour passed and the suspense of his com- 
panions in the houe seemed unendurable. Not a sound reached them, and they 
began to fear that he had been tomahawked by the stealthy Sioux before he 
could fire the gun. 

At last they heard approaching footsteps and hastily barricaded the door. 
Another moment of intense waiting and peering through the port-holes with 
loaded guns, when they heard the voice of Markham. He informed them that 
the Indians had gone and he had found a yoke of oxen which had escaped the 
slaughter. He had hitched them to a sled and all hands hastened to bring out 
the small children, the wounded, blankets and provisions, and they started on 
their dangerous, sorrowfully leaving the dead body of little Willie Thomas 
where he fell. The brave women tramped through the deep snow, following the 
well armed men and the heavily loaded sled. 

CHAPTER XXXI. 

There was now but one able bodied man at the Wheeler house, J. B. Skin- 
ner. The others were Mrs. Skinner, Mrs. Nelson and her child, Mrs. Smith 
and her ci'ippled husband, whose leg had recently been amputated, Mr. Sheig- 
ney's little boy and Mr. Henderson, who had lost both legs. To remain now, 
with but one able bodied man to defend them, until the Indians returned seemed 
to be certain death for all. They had no team and no way to carry the 
wounded men. Hard as it was they had to abandon Henderson and Smith 
and start through the deep snow, expecting to be pursued by the Indians upon 
discovery that they had left the house. In their haste and terror, Mr. Sheig- 
ley's little boy was also left behind. On the second day they fortunately fell 
in with Markham's party, and Mr. Sheighley learning that his little boy had 
ben abandoned in the flight, started back alone to rescue him. 

The party remained two nights at the Granger cabin, waiting the return of 
Mr. Sheighley, who was unable to find his boy (a neighbor who had escaped 
the massacre rescued him). The next day the entire party left for Fort Dodge, 
with a scanty supply of food and clothing and the wounded suffering greatly 
for medical assistance. At night all slept in the snow without shelter, their 
shoes and clothing wet with melting snows and the waters of icy streams. Miss 
Swanger, with a painful bullet wound in her shoulder, gave up her place on the 
sled to the children and marched on foot through the snow. The sufferings of 
the entire party were enough to exhaust the strongest men, as they waded 
through the deep drifts and icy waters that filled the ravines and sloughs. 

The news of the masacre at the lakes was carried to Fort Dodge by O. C. 
Howe, R. U. Wheelock and B. F. Parmenter, of Jasper County, who has taken 
claims the fall before at Spirit Lake. They started for the lakes early in 
March, and reached Thatcher's cabin on the 15th. No one could be aroused to 
let them in, but upon opening the door they came upon the lifeless bodies of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 185 



Noble and Ryan. Horror stricken by the sight, taey next approached the house 
of Mr. Howe and there found the mutilated bodies of seven women and chil- 
dren. They now realized that the Indians had probably exterminated the en- 
tire settlement and hastened back to Fort Dodge. 

The horrible news aroused the people. Prompt action was taken to organ- 
ize a relief expedition. Major Williams issued a call for volunteers, and in 
three days a hundred men were enlisted. So intense was the desire to over- 
take and punish the savages, that the little army started out in haste, poorly 
equipped for a long winter march. The winter, which had been the severest on 
record was still unbroken. 

CHAPTER XXXII. 

The snow storms had continued for months. Sloughs and ravines were 
filled to a great depth. But few tents could be procured and the blankjets, 
clothing and provisions that were hastily collected were insufficient for such 
an expedition. Major Williams, the commander, was a vigorous man though 
sixty-two years old. He had been commisioned two years before to act at dis- 
cretion in any trouble that might arise with the Indians. Howe, Parmenter 
and Wheelock joined the the expedition at Fort Dodge; J. M. Thatcher, at the 
Irish colony, Morris Markham, John Hradshaw and Jareb Palmer turned back 
with it, after conducting the Springfield refugees to safety. A hard crust on 
the snow rendered their march slow and difficult. At the close of the second 
day the party camped at Dakota, in Humboldt County, but eighteen miles from 
Fort Dodge. From this place onward the obstructions, hardships and sufferings 
increased. In many places the ravines were filled with snow in depth of from 
ten to twenty feet, in which the teams were helpless. Long ropes had to be 
fastened to the floundering horses and they were pulled through by men one at 
a time. The loaded wagons were drawn through in a similar manner. Some- 
times it required the entire brigade to haul one loaded wagon through the im- 
mense drifts. Often the men were compelled to wade two abreast in long lines 
up to their waists in snow, to break a road for the teams and wagons. 

On the third night ihe expedition was compelled to camp on flie unsheltered 
prairie in the deep snow, without fuel, with a bleak northwest wind sweeping- 
down upon the exhausted men. They made a supper of crackers and raw pork, 
chained the oxen to the wagons, which were arranged close together to break 
the wind, while the men crowded together on their beds of snow, to keep from 
freezing. The next day was a repetition of the hardships until night, when 
they were able to reach the shelter of McKnight's Grove, where they found 
plenty of fuel to cook their food and cabins in which to sleep. 

On the morning of the 28th after roll call. Major Williams made a brief 
address to his men, alluding to the hardships encountered and complaints of 
some of the faint-hearted. He told them plainly that great sufferings were 
ahead of them and if they lacked the courage or endurance to encounter them, 
now was the time to say so and return to their homes. Nine men turned their 
steps homeward, leaving the command with weakened ranks to face the dangers 
ahead. No record has been kept of the names of these deserters. 

On the 29th, the little army reached the Irish colony, near where Emmetts- 
burg now stands, and exchanged some of their worn out teams for fresh 
animals. They were also reinforced by several young men, bringing the 
number of the command up to one hundred and twenty-five. Dr. Strong, who 



186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

had deserted his wife and child, was found here, but could not be persuaded 
to join the relief expedition. Mr. Williams, expecting soon to be within reacn 
of the Indians, sent a company of nine picked men in advance as scouts. They 
were Carpenter, Mason, Thatcher, Church, Laughlin, Hathaway, Before and 
Johnson, under command, of Lieutenant Maxmell. They carried corn bread 
to last three days. This was the 30th of Ma,rch, and ti'aveling northward about 
twelve miles, upon reaching an elevation, one of the company shouted "Indians!':' 
Far away could be seen a party twice as large as their own, slowly advancing. 
Lieutenant Maxwell quickly formed his men in line lor the attack, and followed 
a high ridge to keep in sight of the enemy, as the approaching party was seen 
to be preparing for battle. Coming nearer, Mr. Church, who was in advance, 
suddenly dropped his gun, sprang foi'ward, exclaiming, "My God! there's my 
wife and babies! ' 

Governor Cai'penter described the scene that followed: 
"They had surrounded the ox-sled in an attitude of defense, as they had 
supposed us to be Indians, and had resolved, if overpowered, never to fall into 
the hands of the savages alive. On discovering that we .were friends, such a 
heartrending scene I never before witnessed, as the relatives and friends of 
the refugees had supposed they were dead. In the party were Mrs. W. L. 
Church and her children: her sister, Urusella Swanger, shot through the 
shoulder; Mr. Thomas, who had lost an arm; Mr. Carver, also severely 
wounded in the fight at Springfield; Mrs. Dr. Strong and child, who had been 
deserted by her craven husband. In the haste of their flight they had taken 
but few provisions and scanty clothing. The women had worn out their shoes; 
their dresses v/ere torn into fringe about the ankles; the children were crying 
with hunger and cold; the wounded wei'e in a deplorable condition for want 
of surgical aid. Their food was entirely exhausted; they had no means of 
maKing a fire: their blankets and clothing were wet and frozen; and in their 
exhausted condition it is hardly possible that many of them could have survived 
another night's exposure from the fearful storm then coming on. The refugees 
weie so overcome by the sudden transition from deadly peril and impending 
death that seemed to confront them, changed in an instant to relief in their 
desperate extremity, that they sank down in the snow, crying and laughing 
alternately, as their deliverers gathered around them. If nothing more had 
been accomplished by the relief expedition, every member felt that the salvation 
of eighteen perishing refugees, fi-om almost certain death from exposure and 
staivation, had richly repaid them for all the hardships encountered." 

On the 31st tnc expedition pushed northward, finding frequent indications 
of Indians, until it reached the Granger house, on the west fork of the Des 
Moines River, near the Minnesota lino. Here Major Williams learned that a 
company of soldiers from Fort Ridgely was at Springfield for the protection 
of setilers, and that the Indians had moved on westward. As the bodies of 
the murdered victims at the lakes were unburied. Major Williams called for 
volunteers to go to the lakes ind bury the mutilated bodies. Twenty-three. 
brave men promptl> stepped forward and volunteered to go on the perilous 
mission. April 5nd the command separated, the main body under Major 
Williams turned back to the Irish colony, while Captain Johnson's party started 
for the lakes. On reaching Thatcher's cabin. East Okoboji, a horrible spectacle 
was presented. All was in ruins, and lying in the yard were the dead bodies 
of Noble and Ryan, as they had fallen three weeks before when shot down. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 187 

Inside the caOin nothing wns left but tiie ghastly forms of the two little 
children who had been dragged from the arms of their terrified mothers, Mrs. 
Thetcher and Mrs. Noble. The fate of the two young mothers was then 
unknown. From cabin to cabin, the company went through the settlement, 
burying the dead, until all were laid beneath the ground. 

CHAPTER XX,X I II. . 

Nol one of the colony was found alive. Mr. Marble's body had been buried 
by the soldiers from Fort Ridgely. The body of young Dr. Herriott was found 
near Mattock's cabin, with his right hand still .grasping his broken rifle, wliere 
he had fallen in a hand to .hand struggle with the Indians, bravely defending 
liis neighbors. The bodies of Luce and Clark, near the outlet of the lake, 
were not found until some weeks later. The burial party started April 4th on 
their homeward march, their provisions entirely consumed. 

The weather was warm and the melting snow filled the sloughs with water, 
in many places waist deep, through which the men had to wade, wetting their 
clothing to the shoulders. About 4 o'clock the wind, which had been in the 
south, suddenly changed to the northwest, and in half an hour a howling 
blizzard was sweeping down upon them. Their clothes were soon frozen stiff. 
Some of the party had taken their boots oft to wade the sloughs, and others 
had holes cut in them to let the water out. Many had their boots frozen 
before they could put them on and were compelled to walk through the snow 
and freezing water in their stockings, which were soon worn out. 

As night came on the piercing winds nearly chilled them to death. They 
dp. re not lie down in the snow, for it was only by vigorous exercise that they 
Avere able to keep warmth and life in their stiifening limbs and bodies. They 
separated into two companies, one led by Captain .Tohnson, the other by 
Lieutenant Maxwell. They dare not go on in the blinding storm and darkness, 
fearing to lose their way, so all that long fearful night they tramped back and 
forth in a desperate effort to save themselves from freezing. Often the weaker 
ones ones would fall down benumbed in the drifting snow and the stronger 
comrades would lift them up and force them to keep moving. 

In the .''noining, says Lieutenant Maxwell: 

"I saw .Johnson and Burkholder some distance from us, going in a southerly 
direction, while we were traveling east. They were following the directions 
of an old trapper, and we soon lost sight of them. Henry Carse became 
unconscious during the day, and sank in the snow, blood running from his 
mouth. We carried hin) to the river, where a fire was started by saturating a 
damp wad with powder and shooting it into the weeds. Carse was now^ helpless, 
and when we cut the rags from his feet, the frozen skin and flesh came off 
with them." 

As soon as the tire was well started, Maxwell and Laughlin, who were the 
strongest of the party, determined to cross the river and go to the Irish colony 
for help. They reached the settlement and sent assistance to their comrades, 
who were brought in badly frozen, but alive. Major Williams gives the follow- 
ing account of the sad fate of Captain J. C. Johnson and William E. Burkholder: 

"G P. Smith was the last one who saw them. He fell in with them after 
they had separated from their comrades and traveled with them for some time. 
They were much exhausted from wading ponds and sloughs; their clothe^ 



188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

were frozen and covered with ice. Their feet were badly fi-ozen, and unable 
to walk farther, they finally sank down in the snow, and Smith helped them 
to pull off their frozen boots. They tore up a part of their blankets and 
wrapped them around their freezing feet, which were very painful. Smith 
urged them to get up and make another effort to reach the Des Moines River 
timber, which was in sight, but they were so chilled and exhausted by the 
bleak wind, froj'en feet and icy clothing that they were unable to rise, and 
said they could go no farther. After vainly trying for a long time to get them 
to make another effort to reach the timber, Smith at last realized that to save 
his own life he must leave them. After going some distance he looked back, 
and saw them still on their knees in the snow, apparently unable to arise. It 
is not likely they ever left the spot where Smith left them, but finally, overcome 
with cold, they sank down and perished side by side." 

Eleven years after two skeletons were found near where they were last seen 
and identified by the guns and powder flasks lying near them as the remains 
of Johnson and Burkholder. 

Captain J. C. Johnson had recently came to Webster City from Pennsyl- 
vania, a young men who was universally esteemed. His courage, patient 
endurance and considerate care for his men on that long fearful march had 
endeared him to every member of his company. 

William E. Burkholder had recently been elected Treasurer of Webster 
County, and was a young man of great promise. He had cheerfully shared all 
the hardships of this winter campaign, volunteering to go on to the lakes to 
bury the dead. He was a brother of Governor Carpenter's wife. 

The principal division of the expedition which had gone back to the Irish 
colony had but little trouble until near night of the second day's march. 
Provisions being scarce, they were put upon short allowance. The river was 
very high and melting snow was filling the creeks and sloughs. When the 
division reached Cylinder Creek, its banks were overflown and spread out over 
the valley a mile in width and twelve feet deep, with a strong current in the 
channel. All efforts to find a crossing failed. The wind had changed to the 
northwest and it was growing cold. Captains Richards and Buncombe saw 
danger before them and sent Major Williams and Mr. Dawson, both of whom 
were old men, back to the settlement, when they proceeded to look for a 
crossing. .\n effort was made to convert the wagon box into a raft on which 
to cross and with a long rope erect a ferry. But the raft was swamped and the 
rope lost. A messenger was sent to the nearest house for help and material 
for a laft. Captain Richards says: 

"The wind was now blowing a terrific gale and the cold was intense so 
that our wet clothing was frozen stiff upon us as we traveled up and down the 
banks of the swollen current in a vain search for a better place for the men 
to cross. When help and material for a raft came, so strong and cold was 
the wind, and so swift the current, filled with floating ice, that all our efforts 
to build a raft failed. It was now dark and still growing colder, and the roar 
of the blinding storm so great that we could no longer hold communication 
with our companions on the other side. vVe were benumbed with cold, utterly 
exhausted, and three miles from the nearest cabin. We were powerless ta 
aid our comrades, and could only try to save ourselves. It was a terrible walk 
in the face of the terrible blizzard, our clothes frozen, our feet freezing, and 
our strength gone. After wandering in the blinding storm until 9 o'clock. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 



we fortunately found the cabin. Here we passed a night that will never be 
obliterated from my memory. We gathered about the fire vainly trying to 
dry our frozen clothing. We had no blankets, and the piercing wind was 
driving through every crevice of the cabin, and we walked the floor in the 
most Intense anxiety over the fate of our companions, left on the banks of the 
creek, exposed to the fury of the blizzard, withoiit food, shelter or fire. All 
through the night we kept looking out on the wild storm in hopes it would 
cease, but the cold grew ever more intense, and the wind howled more fiercely, 
and no one slept. We knew that Carpenter, Stratton, Stevens and Wright were 
men endowed with courage equal to any emergency, and we trusted they would 
find some >vay to keep the men from perishing; still a harrowing fear would 
come over us that we should in the morning find them frozen to death. Terrible 
visions of their fate tortured us through the long hours of the night, and with 
the first dawn of light Duncorabe, Smith, Mason and I were wading through the 
drifts to Cylinder Creek. The mercury was now 28 degrees below zero, and 
the blizzard at its wildest fury. Mason gave out and sank down on the drifts. 
I got him back to the cabin and soon overtook the others. Strong ice was 
f(;rmed on the creek from the shore, and we hurried over it to the main channel 
where the current was so swift that it was too weak to bear us up. We could 
go no farther, could not see across for the drifting snow, and could hear no 
sound on the other side in answer to our loud shouts. Our faces and hands 
were now freezing, and we had to return to the cabin and wait uptil the ice 
should be strong enough to support us. Toward night we made another vain 
effort to cross, and had to return to the cabin, oppressed with the conviction 
that not one of our companions could survive until morning. But soon after 
dark three of the men came to the cabin and reported the command safe." 

Governor Carpenter tells how they managed to save themselves: 

"We took the covers from the wagons and some tent canvas and stretched 
them over the wheels and made a rude shelter. We then put all of the blankets 
together on the snow and crowded in, lying down close together in our wet 
and frozen clothing, where we remained from Saturday evening until Monday 
morning, with nothing to eat until we reached Shippey cabin Monday noon. We 
had waited until the ice had frozen over Cylinder Creek hard enough to bear 
up our loaded wagons and teams. I have since marched with armies from 
Cairo to Atlanta and up to Richmond, sometimes traveling continuously for 
three or four days and nights with only a brief halt occasionally to give the 
exhausted soldiers a chance to boil a cup of coffee; under burning suns, 
through rain, sleet and snow, we endured great suffering; but never in all the 
weary years could our suffering be compared with that of the two terrible daj's 
days and nights we endured on the banks of Cylinder Creek." 

Lieutenant Mason says: 

"How we survived those fearful nights I do not know, when the mercury 
sank to 34 degrees below zero the first night. The poor boys were slowly 
freezing, and many of them were insane; I think all of us were more or less 
insane the last night. The tongues of many of the men were hanging out, 
and the blood was running from the mounth or nose as we got up the last 
morning." 

The command now broke up into small parties and spread out over a wide 
range of country. In no other wa>' could they find food in the scanty supply 
of the few settlers who had lived along the river. The sufferings of some of 



190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the small pttrties reached the last degree of endurance as they traveled home- 
ward. But for the help of the settlers many must have perished. However, all 
reached their homes except .Johnson and Burkholder, but many were badly 
frozen. 

CHAPTER XXXIV. 

Captain Buncombe, in writing of this relief party thirty years later, says: 

"For severe hardships, continuous toil, constant exposure, bodily and mental 
suffering, I do not believe it has ever been surpassed by men who have risked 
their lives to rescue their fellow men from peril and death." 

While these events wers transpiring, four young women, who had been 
dragged from their homes by the merciless savages, were cowering in the Indian 
camp. The Indians loaded their ponies, squaws and captives with plunder soon 
after their repulse at the Thomas cabin and started westward. Mrs. Thatcher 
was ill of a fever and scarcely able to walk, but the savages had no mercy. She 
was compelled to wade through snow and water sometimes up to her waist 
carrying a heavy load. At night she was forced to assist in all the camp 
drudgery, cutting and carrying wood until she often sank fainting in the snow. 
When she could no longer walk she was lashed to the back of a pony and 
carried along. She bore her sufferings with great patience in the hope that her 
husband, to whom she was devoutly attached, had escaped the massacre and 
would do all in his power for her rescue. 

The Indians on the third day discovered that they were being pursued by 
soldiers. Preparations were made for battle, while the squaws tore down the 
tents and hid among the willows. The captives were left in the custody of a 
warrior with orders to kill them when the attack began. Another Indian 
secreted in a tree watched the soldiers and signaled their movements to the 
warriors. 

For an hour and a half the suspense and excitement was intense with both 
Indians and captives until it was known that the soldiers had tuimed back and 
abandoned pursuit. The pursuing party was a detachment of twenty-four men, 
under Lieutenant Murray, which had been sent by Captain Bee, from Springfield, 
in pursuit of the Indians. He had arrived from Fort Ridgely and secured two 
half-breed guides from Lieutenant Murray. They reached the grove in which 
the Indians had encamped the night before at 3 p. m. Lieutenant Murray, 
upon examination of the camp, believed the Indians were near, but the guides 
assured him the camp was three days old and further pursuit wauld be futile. 
Thus deceived, Murray turned back, when actually in sight of the sentinel of 
the Indians, who was watching his movements. The Indians were numerically 
stronger, and being well armed and in ambush the result of an attack would 
have Tjeen doubtful. Then the four captives would have been murdered at once. 
Herein it was fortunate that no attack was made. The Indians were alarmed 
and fled and traveled in their flight for two days and nights without stopping. 
The captives suffered fearfully in the hurried retreat, wading through deep 
snow and sloughs and rivers, hungry, cold and exhausted and worn out, and it 
is a wonder they survived. The horses which they had taken from the 
murdered settlers died from starvation before they reached the Big Sioux River. 
Their bodies were cut up for food and the loads they had carried were trans- 
ferred to the backs of the squaws and the four white women. 

Horrible suffering had been endured by the four young white women during 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 191 

the first six weeks. When they reached the Big Sioux River, as they were 
preparing to cross an Indian came up to Mrs. Thatcher, who was carrying a 
heavy load, took the pack from her slioulders and ordered her to go on to the 
driftwood bridge. She realized at once that some harm was intended. She 
turned to her companions and bade them "good-bye," saying, 'If any of you 
escape, tell my dear husband that I wanted to live for his sake." The savage 
drove lier along before him and when about half across seized her and hurled 
her into the river. With wonderful strength and coui'age she swam in the icy 
current until she reached and clung to a fallen tree on the shore. She was 
beaten off by the savages with clubs and with their tent poles pushed her back 
into the swift current. Again the brave woman swam for the opposite shore, 
when the merciless wretches beat her back into the rapids. As she was carried 
along by the current, the savages ran along the shore throwing clubs and stones 
at the exhausted and drowning woman, until one of the warriors raised his 
rifle and shot her as she clung to a ledge of driftwood. A more cowardly crime 
is not recorded in the annals of Indian cruelty and barbarity. She was but 
nineteen years of age, a lovely girl in the bloom of youth, and had come with 
her husband to make a home on the beautiful wooded shore of Okoboji. Intimate 
friendship existed between Mrs. Noble and Mrs. Thatcher. They had married 
cousins and together had moved to the distant frontier with bright anticipations 
of long, happy lives in each other's society. Now, as Mrs. Noble closed her 
eyes to shut out the horror of the dying struggles of her dearest friend, and 
thought of her murdered husband, child, father, mother, brothers and sister, she 
felt that death alone could relieve her hopeless anguish. That night she begged 
Abbie and Mrs. Marble to go with her and end their sufferings beneath the 
dark waters of the river, whei-e her last dear friend had perished. From that 
day Mrs. Noble seemed weary of life and anxious tn end the horrors that every 
night brought to the captives. 

When the news of the capture of four women and the massacre of the 
settlers at the lakes reached the Indian Agency on Yellow Medicine River, the 
agent, Charles E. Flandreau, with S. R. Riggs and Dr. Thos. Williamson, mis- 
sionaries, began to devise plans for the rescue of the captives. Two friendly 
Indians had visited the Sioux camp, had there seen the three captive women 
and at once opened negotiations for their purchase. They succeeded in pur- 
chasing Z\Irs. Marble. When she learned that she had been sold by Ink-pordu-tah 
to two strange Indians, she bade her companions a sorrowful good-bye, and 
assured them that if she should reach a white settlement she would do all in 
her power for their rescue. She was taken to the Yellowstone Agency, where 
after several weeks, she was ransomed by Mr. Riggs and Dr. Williamson, who 
paid the Indians $1,000 for her, which sum had been raised by Major Flandi'eau. 
Mrs. Marble at once did everything in her power to effect the rescue of her 
two surviving companions. Major Flandreau was also untiring in their behalf. 

CHAPTER XXXV. 

The Legislature of Minnesota appropriated $10,000 to be used by the 
Governor for the rescue of the captives. Large rewards were offered to friendly 
Indians and volunteers came forward at once. Major Flandreau procured an 
outfit, and, on the 23rd of May, a party started with orders to purchase the 
captive women at any price. Four companies of soldiers were to be marched at 



192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

once from Fort Ridgely, as near Ink-pa-du-tah's camp as was prudent, and as 
soon as the captives were secured exteimiinrte the perpetrators of the massacre, 
if possible. But as the troops were ready to start, orders came for them to join 
General Johnson's Utah expedition, and Ink-pa-du-tah's band thus escaped 
punishment. While these events were transpiring, the two captive women were 
taken farther into the wilds of Dakota and were hopeless of rescue. 

One evening after the two women had gone to their tent, Roaring Cloud, 
a son of the chief, came in and ordered Mrs. Noble to come with him to his 
tepee. She refused to go. He seized her and attempted to drag her off. She 
resisted with all of her strength, determined then and there to end her wretched 
life, rather than again submit to the horrors from which there was no other 
escape. She alone of the helpless captives had often resisted the brutal savages, 
until her strength was exhausted and she was overpowered. Since the cruel 
murder of her friend, Mrs. Thatcher, she had felt life a burden. That night she 
nerved herself to welcome death. Wild with rage at her unyielding resistance, 
the young savage dragged her out of the tent, seized a club, beat her head 
unmercifully, leaving her mangled form near the door. For half an hour her 
dying moans reached the ears of the terrified girl, Abbie, who was cowering in 
a corner, now alone in the hands of the savages. 

The next morning the Indians cut off the two dark heavy braids of hair 

from the head of the murdered woman, fastened them to a stick, and followed 

Abbie, switching her face with them, thus adding to her agony. They reached 

the James River, where Ashton now stands. Here was an Indian village of about 

two thousand Sioux, and Abbie abandoned all hope of rescue. But powerful 

friends Avere at work, spurred on by the urgent entreaties of Mrs. Marble. 

Major Flandreau had procured Indian goods of great value to tempt them and 

selected three of the most trusty of the race to proceed with all possible haste to 

overtake Ink-pa-du-tah's band. John Oother Day led the party and, on the 30th 

of May, 1S57, reached the vicinity of the Sioux encampment, hiding the team. 

Entering the village he and his men soon learned that there was but one white 

Avoraan remaining. After three days' negotiations they succeeded in purchasing 

Miss Gardner. They took her to St. Paul, delivered her to Governor Medary 

and received $1,200 for their faithful services in rescuing the last of the 

surviving captives. The two women who were rescued never recovered from 

the brutal treatment they received from the Indians while in captivity. While 

their lives were spared, their suffering, bodily and mentally, could only end 

Avith death. Abbie never saAV Mrs. Marble after her release from captivity, but 

found Mr. Thatcher and conveyed to him the last message of his young wife 

and the full particulars of her sad fate. At Hampton she found her sister, Eliza, 

who made her escape from the Springfield massacre. In 1885 Abbie Gardner 

Sharp wrote a full history of the massacre and her captivity. The history of 

Indian wars and barbarities furnishes nothing more cruel, heartless and bloody 

than the horrors which exterminated the first colony planted on the shores 

of Okoboji and Spirit Lakes. Of all the horrors endured by white women in 

Indian captivity, none have surpassed those of Elizabeth Thatcher, Lydia Noble, 

Abbit Gardner and Margaret A. Marble. 

A son of Si-dom-i-na-do-tah, who was murdered with his family by Henry 
Lott, the desperado, saved the lives of one family. John B. Skinner, who had 
often befriended this boy, who was badly wounded at the time his father and 
family were massacred by I.ott and his son. The boy recovered and at times 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 193 

fciind a home at Skinner's. When his uncle, Ink-pa-du-tah, planned this raid for 
-a terrible vengeance on the whites, he learned that the blow was to fall on the 
innocent, isolated colony at the lakes. He warned Skinner of danger, and so 
impressed it upon him that Skinner moved back to Liberty and escaped the fate 
Avliich befell his neighbors. Whether Mr. Skinner warned his neighbors of the 
danger is not known. Josh also warned Mr. Cartel", of Emmet County, of the 
impending massacre, and spent a part of the winter in Kossuth County. The 
boy Josh was recognized by Mrs. Thomas as one of the leaders in the attack 
upon their house at Springfield. He was no doubt engaged in the massacre at 
the lakes. 

In 1S62 Josh was one of the most active in the terrible Minnesota massa- 
<;res, leading a band at Lake Shetek, which exterminated nearly the entire 
settlement. This can be traced back to Henry Lott's fearful crime the primary 
cause leading to the bloody retribution visited upon the innocent, as the attack 
was led by surviving relatives of Si-dom-i-na-do-tah. Forty-one innocent men, 
women and children were the direst victims, while the suffering of the captives, 
relatives and members of the relief expedition make up a record of horror and 
misery never surpassed. 

It can never be known how many of the Indians were killed, but the soldiers 
and friendly Indians, under Major Flandreau and Lieutenant Murray, killed 
Roaring Cloud, the murderer of Mrs. Noble, and three other members of Ink-pa- 
du-tah's band. It is probable that several were killed by Dr. Herriott, Snyder 
and Mattocks and two or three in the battle at the Thomas house. Ink-pa-du- 
lah's party was among the most ferocious of the butchers in the Minnesota 
massacres of 18(:2, and it is not unlikely that some of them were among the 
Indians who were killed, or the thirty-eight who were hung at Mankato. Ink-pa- 
du-tah was last heard of among the Sioux who fled to the far West pui'sued by 
General Sibley's army in 186;). 

CHAPTER XXXVI. 

On the 27th of April, 1857, Major Williams made a lengthy report to 
Governor Grimes of the relief expedition under his command, from which the 
following extracts are made: 

"Being called upon by the frontier settlers to aid in checking the horrible 
outrages committed upon the citizens living on the Little Sioux River at the 
Spirit Lake settlements, and in Emmet County, by the Sioux Indians, by 
authority you vested in me, I raised, organized and armed three companies of 
thirty men each, which were as we proceeded increased to thirty-seven men 
•each. By forced marches through snowdrifts from fifteen to twenty feet deep, 
and swollen streams, we made our way up to the State line. Never was 
liarder service rendered by any body of men than by the one hundred and ten 
volunteers under ray command. We had to ford screams breast deep every few 
iiiiles, and often to drag by hand with ropes our wagons, horses and oxen 
through dep ravines drifted even full of snow. Wet all day to our waists, we 
Iiad to lie out on the open prairie without tents, wrapped in blankets in the 
snow. Eighty miles out we met the survivors of the massacre at Springfield, 
jiineteen men, women and children. We found them in a wretched condition, 
destitute of food, three of them wounded. They had fled in the night, thinly 
iclad; several of the women without bonnets or shoes wading through snow 



194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and v/atei waist deep carrying their crying children. They had eaten nothing, 
for two (lays and could hardly have survived another night. We built fires in. 
a small grove near by, supplied their wants, our surgeons dressed their wounds 
and sent a party to convey them to the Irish settlement, where a blockhouse 
was being erected for defense against the Indians. 

"We pushed on, throwing out thirty scouts in advance to examine the 
groves and streams for signs of Indians, which were often found. At the State 
line we camped in a grove, where I detailed sixty men, armed with rifles and 
revolvers, to march all night in two divisions to surprise the Indians before 
daylight. Our guides reported Indians camped at the trading house of a half- 
breed named Caboo. But we found they had fled at the approach of the fifty 
regulars from Fort Ridgely. 

"Finding the troops from Fort Ridgely had not buried the dead, I detailed 
twenty-five men, under Captain .Johnson and Lieutenant Maxwell, to march to 
the lakes and perform that sad duty. They found and buried thirty-one bodies, 
including the bones of those burned in the Mattocks house. Seven were killed 
at Springfield. I may sum up the total number of casualties to the settlers as 
follows: Killed, 41; missing, 12; badiy wounded, 3; prisoners, 4 women. At 
every place the Indians broke up and destroyed the furniture, burned houses, 
and killed in all more than one hundred head of cattle. It seems to have been 
their purpose 1o exterminate the entii^e settlement in that region. Too much 
praise cannot be bestowed on the men under my command. Fourteen were 
badly frozen; Captain Johnson and William E. Burkholder perished in a terrible 
snowstorm. Several men were deranged from their sufferings. We have a host 
of destitute and wounded persons thrown upon us to provide for, both from 
the Little Sioux River and the upper Des Moines, besides our own frozen and 
disabled men. 

"We have driven all the Indians out of the North part of the State, unless 
there may be some near the mouth of the Big Sioux." 

In Governor Grimes' message to the Seventh General Assembly is a state- 
ment of the massacre and the relief expedition under Major Williams' command,, 
and he recommends that the State make an appropriation to compensate the 
men 'who so gallantly and humanely imperiled their lives for others," and for 
the expense of their outfit. 

He further says: 

"f submit to the General Assembly whether some public recognition of the 
noble gallantry and untimely death of Captain Johnson and W. E. Burkholder 
is not alike due to their memory and to the gratitude of the State." 

Before Iowa Territory was organized, Bellevue, in Jackson County, became 
infested with men of disreputable character, who were guilty of many crimes 
and gave that locality a bad reputation. 

In 1S37 a party of immigrants arrived in Bellevue, claiming to have come 
from Michigan. They were possessed of good teams, wagons, household furni- 
ture and money. The land had not yet been surveyed and the only titles were 
claims held by the occupants. But as these wei-e respected and protected by 
rigid claim laws, towns were laid out on these claims, lots and blocks staked off 
and recorded, which were bought and sold with as much confidence in the 
claim titles as ever existed in later years after Government titles had been 
secured. 

The leader of this Michigan colony was W. W. Brown, a man of intelligence 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 

auci engaging manners. He bnilt a hotel and was elected a magistrate. He 
was liberal and charitable, always ready to assist the unfortunate and in a 
short lime became a leading citizen of the new town. 

In various enterprises he employed a number of men and it was soon 
discovered that a large amount of counterteii money was in circulation. Upon 
investigation it was in almost all cases traced to some employe of Mr. Brown. 
Horses were stolen f]'om citizens on both sides of the river and some of them 
were found in the vicinity of Bellevue. Many horses were brought into the town 
by strangers and exchanged for other horses which were bought by other 
strangers, who claimed to have come from Wisconsin and Northern Illinois. 

It was soon suspected that Bellevue was the headquarters of a large gang 
of counterfeiters and horse thieves, who had confederates scattered through 
portions of Illinois and Wisconsin and extending down the Mississippi River into 
Missouri. The large body of timber in Jackson County known as the "Big 
Woods,"' made a good place for hiding stolen property. There were stations 
extending through .lones, Cedar, Johnson, Mahaska, Scott, Louisa and Lee 
Counties. One of the stations was Brown's hotel, and it was there that a battle 
was fought in 1S40 that went far for a time to banish the boldest of the gang 
from Jackson County. William Fox was one of the desperadoes. Aaron and 
John l^ong, Richard Baxter, Granville Young and Mr. Birch, all of whom were 
afterwards concerned in the robbery and murder of Colonel Davenport. In 
January, 1840, many of the Bellevue citizens were at a ball celebrating the 
anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans. Several members of the gang of 
desperadoes were enlisted, by James Thompson, to rob the residence of J. C. 
Mitchell, and grossly abused a young lady who was the only person in the 
house. She knew Thompson, and after a desperate resistance, made her escape 
to the ballroom and gave the alarm. Mitchell armed himself and started out 
to find Thompson. They met in the street. Thompson fired first and missed. 
Mitchell sent a bullet through his heart before he could fire again and the 
desperado fell dead. Brown and his gang swore vengeance on Mitchell, and, 
arming themselves stood at the head of the stairs awaiting the attack. A 
number of shots were fired, when Brown's party retreated, and going to a saloon 
near by formed a plot to blow up Mitchell's house and destroy him and his 
family. They broke into a store and secured a tin can holding fifteen pounds 
of gun powder. The can was placed in the cellar by William Fox, and in casting 
lots to determine who should apply the slow match it fell to Mr. Chicester. 
Fortunately a gap had been left in srewing the powder, and thus the can was 
not reached by the fire, and a fearful tragedy was averted. 

The citizens now became aroused and organized for mutual protection and 
the arrest and prosecution of the members of the gang'. A consultation was 
held in Dubuque, at which there were present Sheriff Warren, of Jackson 
<.^ounty; James ('rawford, the prosecuting attorney, and Judge Thomas S. 
Wilson. A warrant was issued, charging Brown, Fox, Long and twenty others 
with Theft, robbery, passing counterfeit money and other crimes. As soon as 
it became known that warrants were out for them they armed themselves and 
swore that they would resist to the last extremity. 

Captain Warren called to his assistance a posse of about forty men, and 
marched to Brown's Hotel, where the gang had decided to give battle to the 
sheriff and his party. The squad moved in double file and when within thirty 
paces of the hotel Captain Warren gave the order "charge," and the men sprang 



196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

forward, quickly surrounding the house. Brown was seen standing at the head 
of his men with a rifle raised to his shoulder. Warren demanded instant sur- 
render, and as Brown's rifle was being lowered it was discharged and his men 
opened fire generally, wounding several citizens, one fatally. The sheriff's men 
returned the fire and Brown fell dead. His gang fought desperately for fifteen 
minutes as the posse forced an entrance and drove them up the stairs where a 
Ii and- to-hand struggle with gun barrels, pitchforks and bowie knives continued. 
Finding it impossible to force the barricade on the stairs, Captain Warren 
gave the command to fire the house. Before the fire reached the second story 
the gang began lo escape by jumping from a window to a shed in the rear. 
They captured thirteen and six escaped. The sheriff's posse lost four men 
killed and seven wounded. Three of the gang were killed and several wounded. 

Fox, Long and Chichester were among the prisoners. A fierce cry arose, 
"Hang them." Ropes were, quickly thrown around their necks, when they 
begged and pleaded in the most abject manner for their lives. 

The venerable Colonel Cox mounted a box and urged the citizens to let 
the law take its course, pledging his word that the fate of the prisoners should 
be determined by a tnajority of the citizens. 

CHAPTER XXXVII. 

A strong guard was placed over the prisoners while the leading citizens 
retired to determine their fate. A long discussion ensued between the advocate 
of the execution and the more merciful, who favord whipping. It was finally 
decided to take a vote, which resulted in a majority in favor of whipping. It 
now devolved on the chairman to pass sentence as to the number of lashes each 
should receive. The chairman then proceeded to give the culprits their quota 
and warn them that they were to leave the State as soon as each sentence was 
executed and, he added, "if you ever return you will be promptly hanged." 
Executioners were appointed to lay on the lash and when the ordeal was ended 
the cowering, groaning wretches were placed in skiffs with three days' rations 
and sent down the river. Fox, the smoothest villain of the gang, used his 
tongue to such effect as to get off with the lightest punishment; and after 
several days of criminal career planned and helped to perpetrate the murder of 
Colonel Davenport. 

The gang also infested Rock Island, Carroll and Ogle Counties, in Illinois, 
and their haunts extended across the State into Indiana. Their sympathizers 
in many localities were strong enough to control elections and choose officers 
from members of the gang. In Ogle County, Illinois, they burned the court 
house and jail, released criminals, destroyed court records and organized a 
reign of terror. 

On the Fourth of July, 1S54. Colonel Davenport was at home alone on Rock 
Island. He was known to be wealthy and was supposed to keep large sums of 
money in his house. Five members of the gang were chosen to rob the house. 
They were secreted on the island several days taking obsrvations and on the 
morning of the Fourth saw the members of Colonel Davenport's family cross to 
Rock Island to attend the celebration. They forced an entrance into the house 
and shot the Colonel as he was seated in his chair. Found the key to his safe, 
secured six hundred dollars and the family jewelry and fied into the heavy 
timber. For many weeks no trace of the murderers could be obtained, when 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197 



Edward Bonney, a fearless officer, determined to ferret out the perpeti-ators of 
the crime. Knowing some members of the gang he disguised himself and 
passed as one of them. In that guise he soon learned that Fox, Long, Birch 
and Baxter were the murderers. One by one he ran them down until he had 
all of them in jail. Long and Young were arrested as accessories. Birch turned 
State's evidence, escaped from jail and was recaptured. Baxter was convicted 
and died in the penitentiary, while Young, John and Aaron Long were executed 
after making a confession. For a time the bandetti sought other parts of the 
country for their depredations. 

During the next ten years fifteen murders were committed in Jackson and 
Clinton Cou7ities, and in all but one case the murderers escaped puishment. 
Either the lawyers secured acquittal or they escaped from jail. It seemed 
impossible to punish crime thi'ough the courts. 

An atrocious murder was committed in 1857, by Alexander Gifford, who 
was hired by parties to murder John Ingle. He was arrested and lodged in 
jail. It was generally believed that his attorney would secure his acquittal 
and the citizens, exasperated by the continued escape of the guilty, secretly 
organized a "Vigilance Committee." About three weeks after the murder, a 
hundred men marched into Andrew, battered down the door of the jail with 
sldges, took Gifford from his cell, placed a rope around his neck, threw it over 
the limb of a tree, and called upon the prisoner to confess. The trembling 
wretch, doubtless hoping to receive lighter punishment by a full confession, 
told the story of the crime. He said that he had been hired by Henry Jarret 
and David McDonald to put Ingle out of the way and had received $150 for 
doing so. The confession sealed his doom. Strong men grasped the rope and 
quickly put an end to his career of crime. His confederates escaped, as no 
evidence could be secured to corroborate the confession. 

The citizens of Jackson and adjacent counties now formed an oath-bound 
organization for the purpose of ridding the State of the remaining members 
of the gang, who were stealing hoi-ses, robbing houses and farms and circulating 
counterfeit money. In 1854 a cruel murder had been committed by a Mr. Barger, 
in Jackson County, whose wife had secured a divorce from him. 

He went one dark night to the house where she was living with her children, 
and, watching until she came to the door, shot her dead with his rifle. A 
neighbor saw him returning from the scene of the murder. He was arrested, 
tried three times, always convicted, but through the skill of Leffingwell, the 
best lawyer in the county, secured rehearings and new trials on technicalities. 
Finally he got a change of venue to Clinton County, and was removed to the 
De Witt jail to await another trial. The citizens became exasperated at the 
continued thwarting of justice and determined to take the punishment into 
their own hands. On the 28th of May, 1857, more than three years after the 
murder, the "Vigilance Committee" to the number of fifty, assembled at the 
jail, secured the keys, took the murderer back to Andrew and hanged him. 

The "Vigilance Committee" sent a statement of their object and purpose to 
the Jackson Sentinel for publication, from which the following extracts are 
taken : 

"We, the Vigilance Committee of Jackson County, are determined that the 
criminal laws of the State shall be enforced to the very letter. When our legal 
officers neglect their duty, we will spare no pains, either of time, life or property 
to secure the punishment of all guilty of horse stealing, counterfeiting or 



198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

mui'der; and we will be governed by the penal laws of the State so far as it 
is convenient. 

"We further v/arn all officers that they must not commence proceedings 
of any kind against those who helped to hang Gifford or Barger, as we believe 
they should have been hung long before they were. 

"We will further punish with death any person joining this Committee 
whom we find has been or is concerned in horse stealing, counterfeiting, robbery 
or murder, and all spies will share the same fate." 

Not less than seven hundred citizens of the counties of Jackson, Jones, 
Clinton, Scott, Cedar and Johnson were members of .this organization. They 
were pledged to stand by each other under all circumstances and permit no 
member to be arrested or punished for any acts of the Committee. The law 
was powerless to protect peaceable citizens in person or property, and the most 
atrocious crimes generally went unpunished. The members of the gang usually 
lived in sparsely settled regions among the brush and timber lands bordering 
on the Maquoketa, Wapsipinicon, Cedar and Iowa Rivers and their tributaries. 

CHAPTER XXXVIII. 

Each member knew where the log cabins of their confederates were, and 
they would be sheltered and the stolen property secreted until it could be 
disposed of at places distant from where it was taken. Thus banded together, 
with witnesses always ready to prove an alibi, there was small chance for 
couAaction. 

Early in the "50's" there was living on Camp Creek, in Polk County, a 
man by the name of J. W. Thomas, who was usually called by his neighbors 
"Comequick," He was dreader by all. He took long trips and often returned 
with plenty of money and good horses. He was never known to work and 
everybody believed he belonged to the gang of desperadoes. He frequently 
changed his residence and no one dared to offend him, as he was known to be 
a reckless and dangerous man. In 1852 he robbed an old man living on Camp 
Creek of $1,000^ that was kept in his cabin. He was arrested by Lewis Tod- 
hunter and Dr. Sellers and lodged in jail. But some of his confederates were 
on the grand jury and prevented an indictment being found against him, and 
he was released. 

In September, 185G. a young man and his wife stopped at the Nine Mile 
House, near Oskaloosa, and after dinner inquired for a good piece of land. 
They said they had a thousand dollars with which to purchase a farm. Old 
Thomas, who was present, said he lived near Des Moines and knew a farm that 
would suit them. Thomas started off with them on horseback to take them to 
the farm. Nothing more was seen of them until about two weeks later when 
their bodies were found, hidden in shocks of corn near the Skunk River, in 
Poweshiek County. A urother of the murdered woman procured a description 
of "Comequick,"' and, after a long search, found him, with the stolen wagon 
and horses, which he had sold. He was arrested and lodged in jail, but after- 
ward released on bail. When the time for his trial came his attorney secured 
a continuance to the next term. 

When the case was called up next term, his attorney, Mr. Crocker, secured 
a change of venue. The principal witness was the brother of the murdered 
woman, who lived in Illinois and had spent all the money he could raise in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 



hunting !he criminal and trying to bring him to justice. The murder was so 
atrocious tliat intense excitement prevailed in that region and more than 2,000 
citizens iiad gathered at Montezuma to hear the trial. When Judge Stone 
granted a change of venue the rage of the people was intense. The brother of 
the murdered woman mounted a log and said to the crowd of excited men: 

"I was willing the man should have a* fair trial. I have followed his trail 
for weeks until I at last discovered one of the stolen horses; then after a short 
time I found where he sold the wagon and other horse. Finally I caught the 
man and brought him here and he was released on bail. When the time for 
the trial arrived I came here again to testify, and the lawyer got the case 
continued. Now I have come again and they have got a change of venue. I 
have spent every cent I had in the world and can't come again. Gentlemen, that 
villain up there — pointing to the court room — butchered my sister and hid 
her in a corn shock, and his lawyer is going to get him cleared next time because 
I have nothing left to pay my expenses here again. Will you let that murderer 
get cleared when I cannot come to tell the horrid story to the jury?" He 
apused a moment .when a mighty shout went up. "No; never!" 

They made a rush for the court room, dragged the struggling wretch to the 
nearest tree, put the rope around his neck and swung him high in the air, 
where he was left until cut down for the coroner's inquest. 

In the years 1855, '56, '57 many horses were stolen from the farmers of 
Jackson, Jones, Clinton, Scott, Cedar and Johnson Counties. The settlers at 
that time possessed but little property, many being in debt for their land, 
paying in most cases from twelve to twenty-five per cent interest on their 
indebtedness. Prices of farm products brought little and they were working 
hard and economizing in every possible waj^ to support their families, improve 
their farms and meet their obligations. Good horses were worth from $200 to 
$300 a team, and the loss of a horse or team was severely felt, and often left 
the farmer v.atiiout means to cultivate his land or save his crops. Many arrests 
were made, but the employment of the best lawyers and the testimony of other 
members of the gang was almost sure to prevent conviction. The thieves were 
thus encouraged to continue their depredations, and many of the farmers joined 
the "Vigilance Committee" and took the punishment in their own hands. The 
persons who resorted to such remedies became known as "Regulators," and 
eventually a large majority of the farmers in the section infested by the thieves 
became members of the organization. On several occasions the Regulators were 
misled by malicious persons and innocent men sviffered the penalty; but on the 
whole it was productive of good, as it rid the country of the organized gang of 
thieves and murderers. 

CHAPTER XXXI X. 

In 1857 it became apparent that the system of dams projected to render 
the Des Moines River navigable was impracticable. The total amount expended 
was about .$800,000, and but three dams completed, the work was practically 
abandoned. 

The New Constitution was adopted, and the building of a State House 
erected by the citizens of Des Moines having been completed, the records and 
furniture were moved from Iowa City, and the State Capitol established at Des 
Moines. The year closed with great financial depression throughout the whole 



:^00 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

country. ' Nearly all the banks suspended specie payments and many of them 
failed. There were no banks of issue in Iowa, and it was impossible to get good 
mone\- in sufficient quantities to carry on business or purchase farm products. 
In the Territory of Nebraska there were no restrictions to the establishment of 
banks. Some of the Iowa financiers established banks in that sparsely settled 
country to supply Iowa with currency. Thomas H. Benton, a well known 
citizen, made the first venture, in March, 185-5, by establishing "The Western 
Fire and Marine Insurance Company," which proceeded to issue bank bills and 
put them in circulation in Iowa. Others followed in rapid succession, until Iowa 
had a large amount of worthless paper money. It would not purchase Eastern 
Exchange, pay taxes or buy land. It was, however, taken in payment of debts 
and in trade generally. When the Nebraska banks began to fail the financial 
distress was apparent. Business was paralyzed all over the State and country. 

R. A. Smith, of Dickinson County, in speaking of this period, says: "Real 
estate became valueless. It was necessary to adopt a system of self-denial never 
known before in Iowa. It was with the utmost difficulty that the common 
necessities of life could be obtained. Tea, coffee, salt and all kinds of groceries 
Avere out of the reach of nearly all. It was not uncommon for families to live 
on wild meats, with onlj' such breadstuffs as could be ground in a coffee mill. 
Muskrat pelts were almost the only resource for raising money to pay taxes. 
The people had to cut up grain sacks tor clothes. Supplemented with deer 
skins for moccasins in place of shoes and stockings." Such were the condition 
of affairs when the Legislature met at Des Moines Jan. 11th, 1858. Governor 
Grimes in his message, said: "Your labors will exercise a potent influence 
upon the future character and prosperity of the State, long after the last of you 
shall cease to be interested in human affairs. All the general laws of the State 
will require some modifications to adopt them to the provisions of the new 
Constitution." He also recommended a registry law; revision of the revenue 
law; restoration of township assessor; a sound banking system; support of the 
schools by taxation, etc. The canvass of the vote for Governor showed 38,498 
votes for R. P. Low and 36,088 for Ben M. Samuels. C. Ben Darwin, William 
Smith and W. T. Barker were appointed commissioners to codify the State laws. 
Code of 1860. 

Although the laws were stringent and penalty severe against any person 
protecting, harboring or aiding a slave to escape from his master, still the 
humane people of Iowa established what was called the "Underground Railroad." 
Stations were established to aid the fugitives from Missouri. Beginning at 
Fabor, near the State line, the abolutionists had stations known to trusted 
friends, exending to Des Moines, Grinnell, Iowa City and Springdale to Daven- 
port. When the escaping slave reached a station on this line, the keeper of that 
station would secrete the fugitive, furnish board, clothing, money and trans- 
portation to the next station. Well equipped canvass wagons were used. The 
driver was a cool, courageous, well armed man, and the traveling was usually 
done under the shelter of night. Hundreds of slaves found the way to freedom 
through this system of stations. 

In 1859 John Brown drilled his little army for his raid on Virginia, chiefly 
in Iowa, and several of his best men were from Iowa. 

Of the twenty-six men who volunteered in this "forlorn hope," six were 
from Iowa. It was in Iowa that the army and ammunition was collected and 
secreted. Most half a century has passed since the great tragedy at Harpers' 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 

Ferry, but the predictions made by Victor Hugo and several otlier prominent 
authors, have been verified. Two years after the execution of John Brown and 
his confederates, one hundred thousand men went marching through Virginia, 
singing: 

"John Brown's body lies mouldering in the grave, 
But his soul is marching on." 

The Eighth General Assembly received and considered the report of the 
commissioners appointed by the previous Legislature to revise and codify 
the laws of the State. The work was published as the "Revision of 1860." 
Under the banking provisions of the new law, there were twelve branches 
organized and put in operation, before the close of 1859. They were located at 
Muscatine, Dubuque, Keokuk, Mount Pleasant, Davenport, Iowa City, Des 
Moines, Oskaloosa, Lyons, Washington, Burlington and Foi^t Madison. 

In 1S60 the greatest tornado that ever swept over Iowa was formed from 
a hail storm that was first seen on the prairies of Calhoun and Webster 
Counties on June 3rd. It was subsequently ascertained that the storm had 
gathered in Eastern Nebraska about 1 o'clock, being then an ordinary thunder 
storm. About 2 o'clock it passed Sioux City, when the rain was very heavy, 
but no wind. From this point the tornado seemed to gather from all sides, 
and increased in violence and velocitj', destroying everything in its path 
through Iowa and Illinois, crossing Lake Michigan, north of Chicago. The last 
heard of it was in Ottawa County, Michigan, where it seemed to be exhausted. 
The total number killed was one hundred and forty-one; wounded, three hundred 
and twenty-nine; houses desti'oyed, three hundred and twelve; loss, $945,000. 
Many of the injured died, which brought the fatalities up to nearly two hun- 
dred. The storm struck Comanche, which was almost destroyed, at 7 o'clock, 
reached Ottawa County, Michigan, about midnight. Part of the time it swept, 
through the country at a velocity of tliree hundred miles per hour. In many 
instances the bark was stripped clean from trees; chickens were found stripped 
of every feather. Sills of houses were found driven into the soil of prairies so 
far that it took two or three teams to pull them out. Shingles were driven 
through the sides of houses and barns into the trunks of trees. Spokes torn 
from wagon wheels were driven into the bodies of men and animals with fatal 
results. 

The election of 1860 was: Republican vote, 70,300; Douglas Democrats, 
55,000; Constitution Unioii, 1,750; Breckenridge Democrats, 1,035; total, 128,085; 
Republican plurality, 15,300. 

Under the head of her great Governor, Kirkwood, Iowa engaged in the Civil 
War with great enthusiasm, and before the close of 1861 she had raised and sent 
into the service sixteen regiments of infantry, four of cavalry and three batteries 
of light artillery, making in all 19,105 men. 

Governor Kirkwood refused to run for a third term. William M. Stone was- 
elected to succeed him. Up to the close of Governor Kirkwood's term, January, 
1864, Iowa had organized and put into the field, in support of the Union, forty 
regiments of infantry, nine of cavalry and four batteries of artillery. The- 
history of the Iowa regiments in the Civil War is a very interesting one, and if 
we could make this work voluminous enough to give a short account of them, 
at least, it would be highly interesting, but our purpose in this work is to give a 
short account of compendium of Iowa History, and a few of the Indian tribes 



2011 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



that lived within the limits of our State. The Iowa soldiers were a great 
credit to the State. 

The Republican cenvention that met at Des Moines June 14th, 1865, adopted 
a resolution favoring an amendment to the Constitution, by striking out the 
word "white" in the article on suffrage. After a warm discussion a vote was 
taken, which stood 513 for and 242 against the change. In 1866 the Legislature 
ratified the amendment to the Constitution of the United States, forever pro- 
hibiting slavery. Also granting negro suffrage; also to amend the Constitution 
so as to disfranchise all citizens who might be guilty of treason or who have 
absconded for the purpose of avoiding the draft; also prohibiting such persons 
from holding- office. 

The political campaign of 1865 was fought on the issue of Negro Suffrage. 

The Republican party favored it and the soldier convention and ticket, that 
the Democrats endorsed, opposed suffrage. The Republican loss was heavy 
compared with the last election, but it won by a majority of about 16,500. 

It w'as in 1865 that the directors of the State Bank of Iowa concluded to 
discontinue the bank. 

lu 1867 the grasshoppers appeared in great swarms, and continued during 
the years 1868, 1874 and 1876, doing great damage. In 1868 the Twelfth General 
Assembly met. The important acts were: Providing for the establishment 
of a State Reform School; creation of the office of County Auditor; Asylum for 
the Deaf; establishing a system of Circuit Courts, and in favor of the impeach- 
ment of President Johnson. The vote in the United States Senate on the 
impeachment of President Johnson was thirty-five for and nineteen against. 
All the Democrats in the Senate voted against it, and seven of the Republicans, 
among them being Grimes of Iowa. Had Grimes voted with his party Johnson 
would have been found gtiilty. The fierce and ungovernable outcry raised 
against those Republican Senators voting "not guilty" exceeded all bounds. The 
press and people were loud in their denunciations, and every one of the 
Senators so voting were driven from public life for voting their honest senti- 
ment. 

In 1868 the vote in Iowa was: Grant, 120,265; Seymour, 74,040. For Negro 
Suffrage, 105,384; against it, 81,119. It was estimated that but one-third of the 
tilable land in the State was under cultivation. In 1869 the Republican party 
carried the election by 40,000 majority. In 1870 the population of Iowa was 
1,191,720. Davenport was the largest city, 20,141; Dubuque, 18,432; Burlington, 
15,178; Keokuk, 12,769; Des Moines, 12,380; value of property, $302,215,418; 
farm products, $114,386,441. 

In 1872 an act was passed abolishing the death penalty, and Seevers, Knight 
and Kammond were appointed to revise the Statutes and codify the Code of 1873. 

In 1S76 the State election gave the Republican party 50,000 majority. The 
first report of the National election gave Tilden, the Democratic candidate, a 
large majority, but the manipulation of Zac Chandler and others, backed by 
an ample supply of money, changed the aspect materially. It required every 
electoral vote from Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida to elect Hayes, and 
as these States were about the only ones that could be manipulated or changed, 
the machine went to work at them, and moulded the returns to suit their 
purpose. There was a general feeling among Republicans and Democrats that 
the returns from these States were a fraud, and Mr. Hayes was held responsible. 
When his first term expired there was not a man of prominence in his own 



HlSTORf OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 20-; 



party to even suggest his re-election. He was retired to private life, and 
Chandler, who was one of the most active manipulators, lived but a short time 
to enjoy the, fruits of his fraud on tiie Amei'ican people. Great excitement 
prevailed, and it looked for a time as if civil strife was eminent, but better 
council prevailed. 

In 1S77 the canal constructed by the Government around the rapids above 
Keokuk was opened. It was seven and one-half miles long, three hundred feet 
wide, and had three locks; cost, $4,2S1,00U. 

The Republican convention convened at Des Moines June 2Sth, 1877. .John 
H. Gear was nominated for Governor, and among the declarations of more than 
ordinary interest was the following: 

■'We declare it to be the solemn obligation of the Legislature and executive 
departments of the Government to put into immediate and vigorous exercise 
all of their constitutional powers for the removal of any just cause of discon- 
tent on the part of any class and for securing to every American citizen complete 
liberty aiid exact quality in the service of all civil, political and public rights. 
To this end we imperatively demand of Congress and the Chief Executive a 
courage and fidelity to these duties which shall not falter until their results are 
placed beyond dispute or recall. 

"The silver dollar having been the legal unit of value from the foundation 
of the Government until 1873, the law under which its coinage was suspended 
should be repealed at the earliest possible day and silver made with gold a 
legal tender for the payments of all debts, both public and private. We also 
believe that the present volume of the legal tender currency should be main- 
tained until the wants of trade and commerce demand its further contraction. 

"We favor a wisely adjusted tariff for revenue. 

"We are in favor of the rigid enfoi'cement of our present prohibitory liquor 
law and any amendment thereto that shall render its pi'ovisions more effective 
in the suppression of intemperance." 

The Democrats, Greenbackers and State Temperance party also put tickets 
in the field. The Republicans had 4,200 majority. 

In 18S0 the election resulted in the choice of the Republican ticket by about 
,45,000 majority. The vote for President was: Garfield, 182,927; Hancock, 105,- 
745; Weaver, 32,701. 

The barbed wire trust was organized in 1875. It was the first great trust 
we have any record of. It secured all the barbed wire patents, machinery and 
all the manufacturing facilities, then entered into the following compact: 

First — Plain wire to be purchased of Washburn, Moen and Elwood. 

Second — All factories to pay a royalty to Washburn & Co. on every pound of 
barbed wire sold. 

Third — All dealers to sell to farmers at a price fixed by the syndicate. 

Fourth — All factories outside the "trust" to be prosecuted in the courts for 
an infringement of patents and closed." 

It soon put barbed wire up to 10 cents per pound. The extortion was too 
great for the farmers of Iowa to rest under, and an association was formed, and 
a factory erected, and after a long struggle the syndicate was downed. 

On the 5th day of May, 1881, A. Briggs, the first Governor of the State of 
Iowa, died at Omaha, Nebraska. 

Under the administration of Governor Larabee a vigorous fight was waged 
against the greed and imposition of the railroads, the Governor leading as the 



204 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 

people's champion. James G. Benghill, Frank T. Campbell and Spencer Smith 
were also among the leaders of the champions ol the people's cause. The 
Twenty-second General Assembly, however, passed a law which regulated the 
railroad trouble. This was in 1SS8. 

The winter of 1898-99 will long be remembered by the fruit growers of Iowa. 
Scarcely an apple tree, plum or other fruit tree or shrub was left. Grape vines 
were all destroyed. Clover, evergreens and some forest trees were also lost. 
The number of miles of railroad in the State January 1st, 1899, was 8,518, 
assessed at 144,550,129. The total value of personal property in the State was 
$391,018,017. The Floyd monument erected near Sioux City was dedicated May 
30th, 1891. 

CHAPTER XL. 

The Sioux Indians on the Minnesota Reservation, son after the beginning of 
the Civil War, began to make hostile demonstrations in the northwestern coun- 
ties of Iowa. Horses and cattle were stolen, and, on the 9th of July, two mem- 
bers of the Frontier GuB,rds, Hobert Thomas and Henry Cordna, were killed 
within three miles of Sioux City. Several parties of Sioux Indians were seen 
in the Little Sioux Valley. The settlers became alarmed and companies of 
"Heme Guards" were organized in sevral of the northwestern counties. Under 
the authority of Judge A. W. Hubbard a military company of the Sioux City 
cavalry, under the command of Captain A. J. Millard, was ordered into State 
service for the protection of the frontier. 

At this time there were about 8,000 Sioux Indians on the reservation along 
the Minnesota River, at a distance of from sixty to one hundred miles from the 
north line of the State of Iowa. These Indians, aware that thousands of the 
natural defenders of the frontier were absent in the armies, entered into a con- 
spiracy to march upon the settlers and exterminate them before aid could reach 
them. So well had the plans of the savages been concealed, that no intimation 
of the impending doom had reached frontier settlements. On the 17th of Au- 
gust, 1862, the massacre began near the upper agency. On the 21st while the 
men were gathered at a public meeting, on the upper Des Moines River, near 
Jackson, to devise means for common defense, the Indians suddenly fell upon 
the settlement, murdering the defenseless families, plundering their homes and 
killling the live stock. When the news of the massacres reached the settle- 
ments at Spirit Lake and Estherville, parties of armed men were hastily or- 
ganized, who marched to the aid of their neighbors. At Jackson they received 
reinforcements and all marched up the river to the scene of the massacre. 
Finding that the Indians had disappeared they buried the bodies of fifteen of the 
victims and returned to their homes. 

The settlers in Northwestern Iowa escaped the fate of their Minnesota 
neighbors. When the news of the massacres reached them, all the frontier 
settlements were abandoned except those at Spirit Lake and Estherville. At 
these places the sturdy pioneers erected strong stockades, into which their 
families were gatehered, preparations being made for a vigorous defense. 
Scouts were sent out and every precaution taken to guard against surprise. 
Efforts were at once made to secure State protection. A detachment of Sioux 
City cavalry was immediately sent to the lakes and the Dickinson County 
court house was fortified. Here the families were gathered under the protec- 
tion of the soldiers, while the men worked on the defense. A saw mill was kept 
running, cutting logs into planks four inches in thickness. A trench, three feet 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 20R 

deep was dug around the court house, about thirty feet from its wall, and into 
this the palisades were firmly planted, making a defense against any weapons 
in possession of the Indians. Here the settlers remained in security while 
the terrible massacre was desolating Western Minnesota. Thousands of the 
Sioux wei'e on the war path and troops were hurried to the frontier. Tiie 
chiefs had planned to sweep swiftly down the Des Moines Valley and the Little 
Sioux by way of the lakes of Dickinson County, thus exterminating all of the 
settlements in Northwestern Iowa above Fort Dodge and Sioux City. They 
soon met with vigorous resistance, however; in Kossuth and Palo Alto coun- 
ties preparations were at once made by the settlers to defend their homes. 

The Minneota authorities were soon thoroughly aroused. 

Minnesota was organized into a Territory in 1849, and the rapid emigration 
to the eastern shore of the Mississippi began encroaching upon the fertile lands 
opposite. Two years later, the Indians were induced to sign treaties by which 
they ceded to the United State more than thirty million acres, embracing all 
their lands in Iowa, Dakota and Minnesota, except a tract along the Upper 
Minnesota which was reserved for future occupancy and their home. The be- 
ginning of this tract was just below Fort Ridgely, and it extended one hundred 
and fifty miles to. Lake Traverse, with a breadth of ten miles on each side of 
the river. 

In 1852, the Indians accepted an amendment to the treaty, by which the 
reservation named was ceded to our government, the Indians agreeing to locate 
themselves on such land as the President selectd. Th selection, however, was 
never made, and the red men having occupied the I'eservation first named, 
their right to its ocupancy was recognized, and the lands lying on the north 
side of the river were purchased from them in 1880. They were residing on 
the remainder at the time of the fearful outbreak in the summer of 1862. 

The tribes concerned in this uprising were the M'dewakanton, Wahpekuta, 
Wahpeton, and Sissetcns, of the great Sioux or Dakota nation. In accordance 
with the terms of the treaty, a good deal of money and goods were delivered 
to these tribes annually, and much labor performed for their benefit. An agent 
resided among them, and two places were established for the transaction of 
business. One was on the Minnesota River, fourteen miles above Fort Ridgely, 
called the 'L'ower," or "Redwood Agency," while the other, at the mouth of 
the Yelclw Medicine, was termed the "Upper," or "Yellow Medicine Agency." 

The Sioux in this section represented about all the grades of barbarism or 
civilization of which the red men are capable. Some lived in rude houses 
made by themselves, others in brick dwellings put up by the government, and 
still others in tepees of canvas. The different bands, under their hereditary 
chiefs, occupied separate villages, excepting several hundred families who 
adopted the dress and manners of the white men. Others remained wild In- 
dians, with all their characteristics. They made war on the Chippewas, and, 
when they had the chance, killed, scalped and tortured them in the good old 
style of their forefathers. 

Besides them, there were the half-breeds and traders, forming quit a factor 
of the mongrel population. Near the agency were churches and school, ware- 
houses, stores, shops, residences, showing thrift and prosperity. 

CHAPTER XLI. 

When asked to give the cause of the Minnesota outbreak, we answer, "The 
usual ones.' The rapacity of the agents, their deception and swindling of the 



200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Indians, the cheatin'g by which the Sioux were induced to sign the treaties, the 
wholesale theft of their lands, the debauchery of their families by white men, 
and the abuse to which they were subjected by the traders from whom they 
were cbligedto purchase goods and supplies. 

To the hereditary hatred of the white man should be added another peculiar 
to the time. The period named will be recognized as one of serious reverses to 
the Union arms. The "Lost Cause" was then seemingly on the high road to ti'i- 
umph, and this was told to the Indians by the half-breeds and others who knew 
how to read. At the time, too, many believed we were about to be involved in 
a war with England because of the Trent affair. 

The disaffected tribes could place one thousand three hundred warriors 
in the field. The Ycnktons, the Yanktonias, and the Teton Sioux, who naturally 
sympathized with them, could marshal four thousand more on the warpath. Be- 
sides, the Winnebagoes promised help, and mysterious messages passed back 
and forth between the adjoining tribe. The old dream of a restored hunting 
ground and the expulsion of the white intruders thrilled many a dusky breast, 
as it did during the days cf Tecumseh, of Pontiac, and King Philip. 

In June, a number of chiefs and head men of the Sissetons and Wahpetons 
visited the Upper Agency and asked when they were to receive the annuities 
due them, adding that they had been told they were to be cheated out of them. 
The agent assured them they would soon arrive, though he could not set the 
day, nor could he be sure that the sum would be a full payment. The visitors 
went away, half satisfied, but on the 14th of July, they returned to the number 
of five thousand and encamped about the agency. There -were too many to be 
supplied with food, and several cases of death from starvation resulted. They 
repeated the stories that had been tcld them that they were not to receive their 
money, and it was hard to remove their fears. 

Among the Indians were a number of the Yanktonians, living near Big 
Stone Lake. This tribe justly claimed an interest in the lands sold by the 
annuitj^ Indians; but they had received no pay for them, except an unauthorized 
one to a few members of one of Wanata's band. Wanata himself was half 
Sisseton and Yanktonias, and his band included warriors of both tribes. These 
were informed that notliing was to be paid them in the future. 

They were so infuriated on learning this that they persuaded the other In- 
dians to join them, on the 4th of August, in an attack on the government ware- 
house. It was burst into and plundered, with a hundred soldiers, having 
two twelve-poimd howitzers, looking on. Not only that, but the American flag 
was cut down, and the sullen warriors stood around with cocked rifles, ready 
to use them on the slightest provocation. Matters became quieter after a while, 
and by the assistance of a considerable quantity of provisions, the malcontents 
were persuaded to return to their homes. 

The exictement was equally great at the Lower Agency for a month before 
the outbreak. What was called a "Soldiers' Lodge" was formed there, the mem- 
bers of which agreed to secure all the credit they could at the stores and then 
prevent the traders from getting their annuities when sent to them. A member 
who was suspected cf having revealed the secrets to the whites, was followed 
and hacked to pieces. 

On the 10th of August, a party of twenty Indians from the Lower Reserva- 
tion were hunting in the woods near Forest City, and procured a wagon which 
one of their number had left the previous autumn with Captain Whitcomb as se- 
curity for a debt. On Sunday, the 17th of August, when within a few miles of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 207 

Actcn, one of the Indians picked up some hens' eggs on the prairie and was 
about to eat them. His companions protested, saying they belonged to a white 
man, and from this trifling matter a violent quarred resulted. The one carrying 
the eggs finally dashed them to the ground. Coming upon an ox a short time 
later, he shot it dead as vent to his anger. 

The quarrel between the four Rice Creek Indians and the rest became so 
hot that a collision would have taken place had they not separated, the larger 
company declaring they meant to kill a white man. 

Soon after, the four heard the reports of guns frcm the direction of the 
larger party. They concluded they were candying out their threat of killing 
white people. Two of the Rice Creek Indians insisted that they must do the 
same, or they would be considered cowards, but the other twc' opposed. Still 
disputing, the four pushed on to Acton. 

The first house was found unoccupied, but at the second they got into a 
quarrel with the owner, who drove them out. At the next, they halted and 
were kindly treated. They were smoking in the most friendly manner when 
the neighbor who had quareled with them came in with his wife, and the wran- 
gle was resumed. The result was the Indians fired upon the men, killing the 
three and the wife. of the neighbor with whom they had first quarreled. The 
surviving wom.en, who had met with such a narrow escape, sent a boy to Ripley, 
twelve miles distant, where a meeting was in progress to raise volunteers for 
the war. 

The astounding news was not credited for some time, but finally a mes- 
senger was dispatched to Forest City, where were a number of recruits. A 
dozen rode to Acton, and found the shocking tidings too true. The bodies were 
covered but not disturbed, until the morrow, when an inquest was held. 

During the inquest a number of the Indians, unaware of what was going 
on, approached, and a number cf mounted men gave chase. The savages es- 
caped, however, though several shots were exchanged. 

A large number of people were present at the inquest, and the excitement 
spread, for all saw the imminence of an outbreak. The relatives of the mur- 
derers knew that they would be punished if caught, and after a hot dispute it 
was decided to commence the massacre without delay. Little Crow, hitherto 
so friendly disposed toward the whites that he was subjected to suspicion by his 
own people, and who lived in a fine house at the lower Agency, built for him 
by the agent, was visited by a turbulent company on the morning of the 18th 
of August before he had risen from bed. 

When the callers stated their object great beads of perspiration stood out 
on the forehead of the chief. He saw the inevitable end of any uprising against 
the whites, but he knew it would be fatal to oppose the wishes of these mad- 
men. 

"Trouble with the whites must come sooner or later," he said. "It may 
as well be now as any other time. I am with you. Let us go to the agency, 
kill the traders and take their goods." 

Messengers were sent to the bands of Wabashaw, Waconta and Red Legs, 
with the news, and the warriors ran to the agency, breaking up into small 
bands as they entered the village, and all as eager as tigers who have scented 
their prey. It was yet early in the morning when they approached Myrick's 
store, in the upper part of the place. James Lynde, a clerk, was standing in 
the door, looking wonderingly at the horde, when one of the Indians raised his 



20o HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gun with ct^ ugly exclamation and shot him dead. He was the first victim of 
the Minnesota outbreak. 

The son of Mr. Myricl^, a young man, was upstairs when the gun was fired, 
and crouched behind a dry goods' box. The Indians were afraid to climb the 
stairs lest he should shoot them as they came up the steps. Some of them pro- 
posed to fire the building, hearing which, the youth climbed through the scut- 
tle, slid down the lightning rod to the roof of the lower building, dropped to 
the ground, and ran toward the bush along the Minnesota River. The Winne- 
bag'oes discharged a lot of arrows after him, but without effect. On the edge 
of the bush he was strucli by a rifle ball and fell. The savages ran forward 
and finished him. 

The report of the first gun was accepted as a signal by all the Indians for 
the beginning of the massacre. Joseph Belland and Antoine Young were killed 
at Forbe's store, Brusson at Robert's store and La Butte and his clerk at La 
Batte's store. Others were also slain. 

George Spencer, at Forbe's store, was wounded, but an Indian acquaintance 
prevented his death. Clerk Bourat ran upstairs. He heard the Indians agree 
to follow and kill him. He formed a desperate plan. Down the stairs he 
bounded, dashed through the astonished group, out the door, and ran for life. 
He gained a good start, when a charge of shot brought him down. Another 
charge entered his leg. The Indians came up, stripped off his clothing and 
shoes, and heedless of his appeals for mercy, piled a lot of logs over him, so 
he could not get away and promised to come back shortly and slay him. 
When they were gone, knowing that they would fulfill their threat, and frantic 
with the pain from his wounds, he twisted himself free from the logs on him 
limped off and finally escaped. 

CHAPTER XLII. 

The Indians were so eager to plunder the stores that many of the inhabi- 
tants were able to get away unharmed. They hurried down to the ferry, where 
the brave Mauley wrought with might and main to carry them to the opposite 
side, despite the great danger in which he placed himself; for the bands of 
Wabashaw and the other chiefs hurried up and joined in the plundering and 
killing. This finished, they scattered to the surrounding country to continue 
their dreadful work. Mauley, the ferryman, had just completed his task when 
re was killed, disemboweled, his head, hands and feet cut off and thrust into 
the cavity. 

Among the fugitives was Dr. Humphreys, the physician to the Lower In- 
dians. He took with him his wife, two little boys, and his girl. They halted at 
a house two miles from the river, and being thirsty from the heat of the day 
and their unusual exertion, he sent one of the little boys down a hill hard by for 
water. As he dipped it up he heai'd the firing of a gun, and peeping over the 
hill, saw the Indians at the house. He hid in the bushes and waited until they 
had gone. Then stealing to the house, he found his father with his throat cut, 
while his mother, brother and sister lay dead, murdered by the same miscre- 
ants, who burned their bodies in the building. 

Through that fearful day the massacre continued on both sides of the 
river below the fort, to within six miles of New Ulm, and up the river to Yellow 
Medicine. Many were killed at Beaver Creek and the Sacred Heart Creek. 
While tumbling their goods into the waiting wagons, they would be appalled 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 



by the appearance of a painted band of yelling warriors. Knowing it was use- 
less to resist, they would give up everything in the hope of appeasing the 
wrath of the savages. In all such cases the victims were slain without mercy. 

Lest the reader should feel some sympathy for the Indians concerned in 
the Sioux massacre, we will give in this place a few incidents. There can be 
no doubt of their truth, for Mr. Isaac V. D. Heard, who was on the ground, 
who acted as recorder of the military commission that tried the captured In- 
dians, thus hearing all the testimony and making his own careful investiga- 
tions, gives these and others in his history of that awful outbreak. 

A gentleman living near New Ulm went to the place without any suspicion 
of danger. On his return, he found that the Indians had killed two of his 
children before their mother's eyes. They were on the point of slaying her 
infant, when she snatched it from them and ran to her mother's house near by. 
They followed, firing at her a number cf times, without success. They killed 
her mother, her sister, and servant girl, but strange to say, she escaped with 
her infant. On the father's return, he found one of his boys, twelve years old, 
still alive. He was cut, bruised and horribly mangled, but the father carried 
him safely to St. Peter's. 

Another little- boy was brought in still alive with a knife thrust into one 
of his eyes. A farmer and his two sons were working in a field, when all three 
were shot down by Indians. They then went to the house, and killed two small 
children in the presence of the mother, who lay ill with consumption. She and 
her daughter, thirteen years old, were dragged through the fields to their camp. 
There, as the mother lay helpless, her innocent daughter was outraged before 
her eyes until the little one died. 

In anothr place, a woman was tomahawked while baking bread, and her infant 
thrust into the flaming oven. The indignities to which weak, defenseless 
women and children were subjected were too horrifying to be recorded in 
print. No imaginaticn can conceive them. Let it suffice that no retribution 
tec severe can be visted upon the authors cf atrocities never surpassed in the 
history of barbarism. 

The massacre had not continued long when news of it reached Fort Ridgely, 
whence Captain Marsh, with the Fifth regiment of Minnesota Volunteers, 
started for the agency with forty-eight men. He rode a mule, and his men 
were in wagons. A mile from the fort he met a party of ugitives, who warned 
him that he would be killed if he attempted to cross the ferry. He was advised 
to pause on the bluif on that side, collect what women and children he could, 
and bring them to the fort. 

"I have plenty of ammunition," replied the brave officer, "and enough men 
to whip all the Indians this side of the Pacific Ocean. I'm not only going to the 
ferry, but shall cross it." 

Five miles from the ferry. Captain Marsh met one of his soldiers who had 
been at home on furlough. It was in this man's house that Dr. Humphreys 
and his family were slain and then burned. He had hidden in a corn field, and 
stole away after the departure of the Indians. His story did not affect the 
courage of the officer, who pushed on, meeting other fugitives, among whom 
was the little boy of Dr. Humphreys that escaped because of his absence at the 
spring* when the savages visited the house. 

Captain Marsh and his soldiers reached the ferry at sunset. Seeing him, 
the Indian came down to the edge and held a conversation through the inter- 
preter with the officer. The latter said he meant to cross and lock into matters. 



210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



Some of the Indians warned him not to do so, but White Dog advised him to 
come over. While the conversation was going en, a good many savages secretly 
crossed the stream, and with the help of the tall, thick grass, surrounded Cap- 
tain Marsh without his suspecting danger. He sent one or two of his men 
to the right and left to investigate. They convinced him that it was certain, 
death to go over. The captain replied that he would for once yield his judg- 
ment, and ordered his coldiers, who were facing the ferry, to turn about. 

The moment it became clear that the men would not cross the river, Little 
Crow gave the signal to fire. Instantly from every side was poured such a 
storm of bullets that almost half the men fell dead, while the wounded were 
tomahawked. It is said that the interpreter, who was standing at the corner 
of the ferry house, received twenty bullets in his body, besides a number of 
arrows. The survivors, seeing the desperate straits in which they were caught, 
fired once, killing an Indian and wounding another, and then fled in haste. 

The fierce volley slew Captain Marsh's mule, but did not injure him, though 
he stood within a few feet of his riddled interpreter. With nine of his men,^ 
he succeeded in passing two miles down the river, when he found the Indians 
had cut off his way to the fort. He decided to cross the river and led the 
way, holding his revolver over his head with one hand and his sword with the 
other. He was soon beyond his depth, but as he was an expert swimmer, noth- 
ing was thought of that until his struggles showed he was drowning. Two of 
his men hurried to his help, but he sank before they could reach him, and his 
body was not found until several days afterward. He must have been seized 
with cramp on entering deep water. His companions safely reached the fort, 
leaving twenty-four behind. 

This massacre did much to inflame the outbreak. The Indians had killed a 
good many; they had a large number of captives, with plenty of arms, lead, 
powder and plunder. The church Indians, fearing that they would be suspected 
of want of zeal, plunged into the carnival of blood and "out-Heroded Herod" by 
their atrocities. 

Messengers were sent to the Indians at the Yelolw Medicine. A dispute 
followed as to what course to take. Other Day, a civilized Indian, strenuously 
opposed joining in the outbreak, but being overruled, he took his wife, a white 
woman, by the arm, and gun in hand, visited the different houses of the whites 
to warn them of their danger. They hurriedly gathered in the warehouse to 
the number of fifty, determined to fight to the last. 

Other Day and several of his relatives stood outside the building all 
through the night, on the watch for the first evidence of attack. Frequently 
they caught sight of dark figures skulking about as silently as shadows, peering^ 
around the corner in the hope of catching the sentinels unawares; but the 
dusky guards were wide awake, seeing' which the prowlers slunk off in the 
gloom. 

Just as it was growing light, the report of a gun was heard some distance 
off and a rush was made for the warehouse. Other Day led the whites, num- 
bering forty-two, men, women and children, across the river, whence they safely 
made their way to the settlements. Friendly Indians warned the people six 
miles above the Upper Agency of their danger, and they, also numbering forty- 
two, including the missionaries, Messrs. Riggs and Williamson, got safely 
away. 

New Uum and Fort Ridgely were overrun with terrified fugitives, many 
suffering from ghastly wounds, and trembling lest the furious Indians should 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211- 

swoop dcwn upon and massacre them all. In every direction the skies were lit 
up by the glare of burning homes, and the near and far reports of guns, the 
yells of savages, and the cries of the hopeless victims, made the night dreadful 
beyond description. 

While the Indian runners were speeding across the prairies, bearing the 
news to willing ears, the whites sent messengers to the settlements and after 
Lieutenant Shehan, who had started a few days before to accompany Commis- 
sioner Dole on his way to make aj treaty with the Red Lake Chippewas. The 
officer was overtaken forty miles away, and the news of the massacre was car- 
ried to the surrounding towns. 

At St. Peter's, the night was spent in running bullets and preparing for the 
relief of Fort Ridgely and New Ulm. At daylight, the bells were rung and the 
people gathered to decide upon the course to be taken. Agent Galbraith and his 
forty-five men, known as the "Renville Rangers," had already set out for the 
fort, and it was decided to send a detachment for the relief of New Ulm. 

Hon. Chrales E. Flaudreau, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, was 
elected captain; William B. Dodd, first lieutenant, and Mr. Meyer, second lieu- 
tenant. Wagons; horses, ammunition and necessary utensils and provisions 
were soon ready, and sixteen men, under charge of ex-Sheriff Boardman, set out 
to scout in the direction of New Ulm. 

Meanwhile, Little Crow, with one hundred warriors, had appeared before 
the fort, but did not make an attack. Had he done so, nothing could have 
saved the post, for the garrison numbered only thirty men. The larger part of 
this band scattered in other directions. While the chief and his men were hid- 
den near. Agent albraith and his rangers entered the fort unmolested, and. it 
was safe for the time. 

Near the middle of the afternoon, a hundred Indians attacked New Ulm. 
The population was about 1,500, mostly Germans, the houses being so scattered 
that it could not be readily defended. While the attack was under way, ex- 
Sheriff Boardman and his sixteen mounted men dashed into the town on a 
full gallop. They found the people in a wild panic. But for the brilliant work 
of the new arrivals, who soon drove off the assailants, the place must have 
fallen, and one of the most terrible massacres would have followed. 

But the town was still in imminent danger, for the Indians were hourly 
receiving reinforcements, and the means of defense were of the poorest char- 
acter. Fortunately, Judge Flaudreau and one hundred men arrived that night. 
Sntinels were at once stationed, and every possible precaution taken against 
attack. None was made, and the day was devoted to strengthening the barri- 
cades and organizing the forces for the conflict that soon must come. 

Judge Flaudreau was made commandant, and he organized his forces with 
good judgment. During the day, fifty more men arrived from Mankato, and 
the same number from Le Sueur. No Indians were visible, and the scouts 
visited the surrounding country, continually coming upon the victims of the 
ferocious red men. 

On the afternoon of Wednesday, Little Crow, being joined by those who 
had been at New Ulm the day before, unexpectedly attacked Fort Ridgely. His 
volely, through one of the openings, killed three, and eight more were wounded 
during the fight. On attempting to use the cannon, they were found stuffed 
with rags, the work of some half-breeds that had joined the enemy. The con- 
flict lasted three hours, when the Indians drew off with several killed and 
wounded. The attack was renewed twice the following day, but it was seen 



212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



the Indians had decreased in number, many of them preferring the mere con- 
genial worlv of plundering and murdering through the neighborhood. 

Returning to the agency that night, Little Crow found the Upper Indians 
for whom he had sent. He had now nearly 500 warriors, and set out in high 
hopes the next day to attack the fort, taking with him a large number of wag'ons 
in which to carry the plunder he was confident of obtaining. These were left 
on the reservation side of the river, and the Indians crossed over and hid 
themselves near the fort. By and by, a number appeared on the prairie, wav- 
ing their blankets and uttering taunts in the hope of inducing the garrison to 
come out and attack them. The whites were too prudent to be drawn into the 
snare and answered only with rifle shots. Then Little Crow opened the attack, 
which was kept up without cessation fcr five hours. While it was in progress 
the horses and mules in the government stables were set free and the building 
around the post burned. The roof of the fort was repeatedly pierced by fire 
arrows, but the fiames did no harm. A knot of Indians, posted in one of the 
stables, were driven cut by Sergeant Jones, who exploded a shell among' them. 
The casualties among the defenders were one killed and seven wounded, none 
severely. 

A short time before the first attack, Henry Balland started out to get a 
horse with which to go to the settlements. Before he could return, the Indians 
had surounded the place, and he hid himself for several hours in the bushes. 
They were all around him and he expected every minute to be discovered. A 
cold August rain set in. At one time fully a hundi'ed Indians were ranged 
near him, each holding' his gun under his blanket to keep it dry. 

The storm continued, and by the lightning flashes, when night had come, 
Balland ci^ept down to the river and made his escape. 

CHAPTER XLIII. 

Fort Ridgely having successfully withstood the several attacks, the Indians 
made their way to New Ulm. Several days had passed since the fighting there, 
and this visit was made on Saturday, the 23rd cf August. The smoke of burn- 
ing buildings in the direction of Fort Ridgely indicated to the defenders the ap- 
proach of their enemies. 

New Ulm, as we have said, was ill prepared for defense, owing to the 
houses being so widely scattered. Judge Flandreau, believing it better to fight 
the enemy on the prairie, posted his men, numbering about two hundrd and 
fifty, in the open country outside the town, a half mile av/ay, and still further 
off in the direction whence he believed the attack would come. He thus de- 
scribes what followed: 

"At nearly 10 o'clock a. m., the body of Indians (numbering altogether 
probably five hundred), began to move toward us, first slowly, and then with 
considerable rapidity. Their advance upon the sloping prairie in the bright 
sunlight was a very fine spectacle, and to such inexeperienced soldiers as we 
were, intensely exciting. When within about one mile and a half of us, the 
mass began to expand like a fan and increase in the velocity of its approach 
• and continued this movement until about double rifle shot, when it had covered 
cur entire front. 

Then the savages uttered a terrific yell, and came down on us like the 
wind. I was stationed myself at a point in the rear where communication could 
be had with me easily, and waited the first discharge with gi-eat anxiety, as 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 



it seemed to me to yield was certain destruction, as the enemy would rush into 
town and drive everything before them. The yell unsettled the men a little, 
and just as the rifles began to crack, they fell back along the whole line, and 
committed the error of passing the outer houses without taking possession of 
them — a mistake which the Indian immediately took advantage of by them- 
selves occupying them in squads of twos and three and up to ten. They poured 
into us a sharp and rapid fire as we fell back, and opened from houses in every 
direction. Several of us rode up the hill, endeavoring to rally the men, and 
with good effect, as they gave three cheers, and sallied out of various houses 
they had retreated to, and checked the advance effctually. Th firing from 
both sides then became general, sharp and rapid; and it got to be a regular 
Indian skirmish, in which every man did his own work after his own fashion. 
"The Indians had spread out until they had got into cur -rear and on all 
sides, having the very decided advantage of the houses on the bluff, which 
commanded the interior of the town, with the exception of the wind mill, which 
was occupied by about twenty of the Le Sueur Tigers, who held them at long 
range. 

The wind was from the lower part of the town, and this fact directed the 
larger part of the enemy to that point, where they promptly commenced firing 
the houses and advancing behind the smoke. The conaflgration became general 
in the lower aprt of the town on both sides of the street, and the bullets flew 
very thickly both from the bluff and up the street. I thought it prudent to dis- 
mount and conduct the defense on foot. Just at this point, Captain Dodd, of 
St. Peter's and someone else, whose name I do not know, charged down the 
street to ascertain whether some horsemen seen in the extreme lower town 
were not cur friends coming in, and were met about three blocks down with 
a heavy volley from behind a house, five bullets passing through Captain 
Dodd's body, and several through that of his horse. The horsemen both 
turned, end the captain got sufficiently near to be received by his friends be- 
fore he fell. He died about five hours after bsing hit. Too much cannot be 
said of his personal bravery and general desire to perform his duty manfully. 
Captain Saunders of the Le Sueur company, was shot through his body shortly 
after and retired, placing his rifle in effective hands, and encouraging the 
men. The fight was going on all around the town during the whole forenoon 
and part of the afternoon, sometimes with slight advantage to us and again to 
the Indians; but the difficulty which stared us in the face was their gradual 
but certain approach up the main street behind the burning buildings, which 
promised our destruction. 

"We frequently sallied out and took buildings in advance; but the risk of 
being picked off from the bluff was unequal to the advantage gained, and the 
duty was performed with much reluctance by the men. In the lower part of 
the town I had some of the best men in the state, both as shots and forcoolness 
and determination. It will be sufficient to mention two as types of the class 
of the best fighting men — Asa White and Newell Horton, known to all old set- 
tlers. 

"They did very effective service in checking the advance, both by their 
unerring rifles and the good example their steadiness placed before the younger 
men. We discovered a concentration of Indians on the side of the street toward 
the river "and at the rear of the buildings, and expected a rush upon the town 
from that position, the result of which I feared more than anything else, as the 
boys had proven unequal to it in the morning; and we were not disappointed. 



214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

for in a few minutes they came on, on ponies and on foot, furiously, about sixty 
in number, charging around the point of a little grove of oaks. 

This was the critical point of the day. But four or five hours under fire 
had brought the boys up to fighting temperature, and they stood firmly, and 
advanced with a cheer, routing' the Indians like sheep. They received us with 
a very hot fire, killing Houghton and the elderly gentleman whose name I did 
not know. As they fled in a crowd at a very short range, we gave them a 
volley that was very effective and settled the fortunes of the day in our favor, 
for they did not dare to try it over again. I think, after once repulsing them 
in a fair fight, we could have successfully resisted them had they returned a 
second time, as the necessary confidence had been gained. White men fight 
under a great disadvantage the first time they engage. There is something so 
fiendish in their yells and terrifying in their appearance when in battle, that 
it takes a good deal of time to overcome the sensation that it inspires. There 
is a snake-like stealth in all their movements that excites distrust and uncer- 
tainty, and which unsteadies the nerves at first. 

"After this repulse the battle raged until dark, without sufficient advan- 
tage en one side or the other to merit mention in detail, when the savages 
drew off, firing only an occasional shot from under close cover. After dark 
we decreased the extent of our lines of barricades; and I deemed it prudent to 
order all the buildings outside to be burned, in order to prevent them from 
affording protection to the savages while they advanced to annoy us. We were 
compelled to consum ahout forty valuable buildings; but as it was a military 
necessity, the inhabitants did not demur, but themselves applied the torch 
cheerfully. In a short time we had a fair field before us of the open prairie, 
with the exception of a large brick building which we held and had loopholed 
in all the stories on all sides, and which commanded a large portion of our 
front toward the bluff. We also dug a system of rifle pits on that front outside 
the barricades,, about four rods apart, which completed our defenses. 

"That night we slept but very little, every man being at the barricades 
all night, each third man being allowed to %leep at intervals. In the morning 
the attack was renewed, but not with much vigor, and subsided about noon." 

Mr. Heard relates the following incidents connected with the attack at 
New Ulm: 

While the fight was going on, a heavy firing was kept up from a woodpile. 
The defenders were astonished to see a warrior standing upright and in full 
view. Again and again he was fired upon, but he seemed to enjoy some strange 
protection, for none of the best marksmen could bring him down. After the 
battle, as he still kept his position, some of the whites went out to investi- 
gate. It was then discovered that he had been dead from the first, his body 
being repeatedly pierced by bullets. The others had propped him up for the 
purpose of drawing the fire of the whites. 

One of the most desperate of the half-breeds crept up close in the high grass 
from which he kept up a deadly fire. He held his place after the advance was 
made, when he discharged his gun and started off on a run, crouching down as 
he did so. Several bullets were sent after him, and one cut the great artery 
in his shoulder from which blood spurted in a stream. He sank down and 
was quickly decapitated and scalped. 

A man was seen walking off with a featherbed over his shoulder. He was 
near by, but as he moved in the direction of the Indians, the spectators re-- 
marked the foolish risk he was running. When he had gone a considerable 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 21a 

distance, he threw down the bed and uttered a triumphant shout. He was one 
of the hcstiles, that had escaped by this clever ruse. 

It would require volumes to tell of the individual outrages during the Sioux 
outbreak. The revolt extended throughout the entire frontier of Minnesota and 
into Iowa and Dakota. During the first week, more than seven hundred peo- 
ple were killed and over two hundred made captive. As stated in another 
place, the women, and even children of tender years, were subjected to inde- 
scribable mutilation at the hands of their captors. Many succumbed under the 
awful treatment and welcomed death for the blessed relief it brought. 

Fortunately, there were several thousand armed men in the State, sum- 
moned by President Lincoln's recent call for volunteers to serve in the Civil 
War. These were hurried to the frontier, and mounted soldiers were called 
out by the governor to join in punishing the savages. Governor Ramsey has- 
tened to Mendota on I'eceipt of the news of the outbreak, and requested the 
Hon. H. H. Sibley to take command with the rank of colonel, of an expedition 
intended to move up the Minnesota Valley. He complied and started as quickly 
as possible with four companies of the Sixth Regiment for St. Peter's, where he 
arrived on the day of the last battle at the fort. On Sunday, two hundred men, 
under the command of W. J. Cullen, came in. These, with a hundred more, 
were placed in charge of Colonel Samuel McPhail. Other arrivals followed un- 
til Sibley's command was increased to fourteen hundred men. 

Knowing the character of the foe before him, Colonel Sibley advanced cau- 
tiously. He met continuous streams of fugitives, while Shakopee, Belle Plain, 
and Henderson were overrun with the terrified people, who were in constant 
terror of attacks by the Indians. Detachments were sent to New Ulm, which 
was known to be surrounded by the savages and in great danger of capture. 
These detachments, after many stirring experiences, returned to St. Peter's, 
where they found that Colonel Sibley had left that morning for Fort Ridgely 
and had ordered them to follow on their return. They learned that the people 
of New Ulm on Monday, August 25, had abandoned the place. They numbered 
two thousand, including the women, children, sick and wounded, with a train 
of a hundred and fifty-three wagons. They had gone to Mankato, led to do so 
by the exhaustion of their ammunition, the isolation of the town, and their 
inability to hold cut against a determined attack of the Indians. 

Colonel Sibley reached Fort Ridgely, and all danger of attack at that place 
and New Ulm (where really there was nothing to attack), was ended. On Sun- 
day, August 31, a hundred and fifty men, under command of Major Joseph R. 
Brown, were sent to the Lower Agency to bury the dead and learn, if possible, 
what had become of the enemy. 

Many of the victims of Indian atrocity were found to be shot with ari'ows 
of peculiar construction; worthy the genius of an American Indian. Along the 
reed, from the head to the father tip, ran a gutter, cut in the wood and winding 
irregularly around it. The object of this is to prevent the clotting of the blood 
in a wound inflicted by the missile. If it entered a few inches into a person's 
body, and was of the ordinary pattern, the wound might be closed by the clot- 
ting of the blood, but this gutter furnishes such a free outlet that the flow con- 
tinues until the victim dies from weakness. 

Some of the citizens who went with Major Brown came back the following 
evening, and told Colonel Sibley that on that morning the cavalry and a few of 
the infantry had crossed the river at the agency, buried the dead, and scouted 
some distance above. They could find no evidence that any Indians had been 



216 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

there for several days. Captain Grant, with the infantry, buried the dead on 
the Fort Ridgely side, including those at Beaver Creek, and going into camp 
on the same side of the river, was joined by Major Brown and his command. 

Colonel Sibley was relieved to be informed that no signs of Indians had 
been discovered by Major Brown who was an old campaigner and ought not to 
be deceived. But on Wednesday morning, the sentries heard firing in the di- 
rection of the agency. The wind was blowing toward the point whence the 
noise came, but by lying on the ground, the anxious listeners plainly caught the 
rapid discharge of firearms. There could be no mistake as to the meaning of 
this. The battle was "on once more,' and relief must be dispatched at once 
to their imperilled comrades. 

Colonel M'Phail with fifty horsemen. Major McLaren with a hundred and 
five infantry, and Captain Mark Hendricks with a mountain howitzer, were 
hurried off to their relief. The anxious listeners at the fort still heard the rifle 
firing, and by and bj;, resounding boom of the howitzer told that the relief part}' 
were also fighting. Colonel Sibley ordered all the tents to be struck and taken 
into the fort, and just as night was closing in the entire command set out to 
the help of the two detachments. 

The night grew intensely dark, but the men marched forward for thirteen 
miles. Then the bright aflsh of the montain howitzer told them they were 
close upon the second detachment. It was found that when within a few miles 
of where they believed Major Brown to be, they were attacked by Indians. Se» 
curing the best position attainable, they decided to wait for re-enforcements. 
The howitzer was fired to guide the main body to the spot. 

No further attack was made that night, and at early dawn the whole force 
was in motion. Not far off they came in sight of Birch Coolie, and saw through 
the trees the gleam of tents, but whether they belonged to Major Brown or the 
hcstiles could not be determined without a closer approach. 

A few minutes later, the Indians appeared in the belt of wood, waving their 
blankets and emitting taunting shouts in the hope of drawing the soldiers in 
pursuit. Failing in this, they sheltered themselves as best they could and 
cpened a brisk but poorly aimed fire on the soldiers, who speedily drove them 
back. The shells from the cannon hastened their flight, and running down 
Birch Coolie, they crossed the river at the agency. 

The tents discerned through the trees proved to be those of Major Brown 
and his command. They had encamped on the spot two nights before, choos- 
ing the place because of its accesibility to wood and water and under the belief 
that nothing was to be feared from the Indians. A worse place in that respect 
could not have been chosen and the savages, who were on the watch, assailed 
them suddenly and with the utmost flerceness. The men made a brave de- 
fense under most unfavorable circumstances, but suffered fearfully. When 
relieved by Colonel Sibley, they had been more than thirty hours without food 
or water, twenty-three were killed or dying and forty-flve were badly wounded. 
Out cf the ninety horses only one was alive, and he was wounded. Among the 
wounded were Major Brown, Captain Anderson, Agent albraith and Captain 
Redfleld. Wiliam Irvine of West St. Paul, had been shot in the head and his 
brains were oozing over his face, but he lived for several hours. 

On the 7th of November, Colonel Marshall started for Fort Ridgely. Des- 
olation reigned supreme. 

Major Brown was right in his conclusion that the Indians had left the 
Lower Agency several days before. Learning of Sibley's march to the relief 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. , 217 



of Fort Ridgely, they had moved up the Yellow Medicine River to place their 
families out of danger. Ascertaining further that New Ulm had been aban- 
doned, a war party was sent thither to procure what plunder they could, after 
which it was intended to attack Mankato and St. Peter's. The discovery of 
Major Brown's approach created a diversion, which though resulting in a 
dreadful disaster, undoubtedly saved the towns named, as well as New Ulm. 

A curious complication now followed. On Monday, Little Crow's party 
traveled thrity miles and encamped near Acton. The leader rode in a wagon, 
with a half-breed acting as his driver and secretary. A few of the Indians were 
mounted on stolen horses, and all went well until noon of the next day, when 
the Indians got into a wrangle, the result of which was that Little Crow and 
thirty-four others started for Cedar Mills to get supplies after which they 
meant to return to Yellow Medicine. They went into camp about a mile from 
Acton. The other party was bent on a raid through the country toward St. 
Cloud, and encamped within a half mile of Little Crow's band, without either 
party suspecting their proximity to each other. 

At the same time a company of twenty-five white men, volunteers, under 
Captain Strout, were in camp near by in Acton, all three being ignorant of 
each ether's location. During the night several scouts came into Acton 
from Forest City witli news that Captain Whitcomb had been attacked the 
morning before near that pl?.ce, and the town was in such danger that they 
were begged to go at once to its defense. 

The start was made early the next morning for Forest City by way of 
Hutchinson. The volunteers passed the camp of the larger band of Indians 
undetected, but one of Little Crow's warriors discovered them, and the hostiles 
hastily prepared for battle. Almost at the same moment the larger body of 
Indians had discovered tliem, and came whooping and yelling at their heels. 
Thus the whites found their enemies in front and rear, but they charged through 
those in front, and continued to Hutchinson. The savages closely followed 
them for several miles, killing three men, wounding fifteen, capturing nine 
horses, and several wagons containing arms, ammunition, and supplies. 

During the running fight, Little Crow's son, about fifteen years old, shot 
Mr. Edwin Stone, a well known merchant of Minneapolis. He was wounded 
while walking beside a wagon, and was unable to climb into it. A second 
Indian dashed out his brains with a tomahawk. The wadding from the boy's 
gun set the clothing of the merchant on fire, so that his death was frightful. 

The volunteers were attacked the next day in the fort at Hutchinson. 
Most of the town was burned. One of the Indians called out in English, daring 
the soldiers to come out in the open plain and fight like men. The troops 
accepted the invitation, and scattered their assailants without receiving any 
loss. Skirmishing continued until night, when the Indians drew off and 
encamped near Cedar Mills. They were then joined by a band of fifty, that had 
attacked Forest City the previous day, burning a number of buildings and 
securing much plunder. The following morning the Indians divided and went 
home, Little Crow and his men by way of the Lower Agency, where he arrived 
that night. 

Mr. Heard tells the following : One of the scouts while riding along was 
starteled by his horse jumping aside. Looking for the cause, he saw a white 
man lying in a pile of grass which he had pulled up and piled about him for 



JlS HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



■ concealment. Several oars of green corn partly eaten lay around him. He 
was a young man, with small hands, long, fair hair, but his garments were 
tattered and torn with long journeyings, and the face was haggard and pale, 
tie was asleep, with his choek resting on his hand; so soundly asleep, so 
intensely engaged, porhaps, in happy dreams that the trampling of the Indian's 
horse did not arouse him. "What do you here, my friend?" called the savage 
in a loud voice. The sleeper raised his head and gazed with startled appre- 
hension in the painted face before him. Before that expression had time to 
change, the whirling ax dashed out the brains which gave it life. Then the 
murderer, dismounting, with his knife cut off tlie head; but even then that 
startled look did not change, for death had frozen it there, and nothing but 
corruption's effacing hand could sweep it away. 

The panic which reined in Minnesota at this time, resulting fi'om the 
attacks on New TTlm, Fort Ridgely, Birch Coolie, Acton, Hutchinson, Forest 
City and the massacres that had taken place within Colonel Sibley's lines, was 
shown by the fact that people living on the outskirts of St. Paul hurriedly 
moved into the interior of the city. General Sibley's family, in Mendota, took 
refuge one night in Fort Snelling. 

CHAPTER XLIV. 

Little Crow, although the most prominent leader in the Sioux outbreak, 
saw the inevitable end from the beginning. His people must be conquered, 
and, although he had been forced into the tight, he only awaited the oppor- 
tunity to make overtures of peace to the military authorities. He opened 
communication with Colonel Sibley at Fort Ridgely, where that officer was 
detained by lack of ammunition and supplies. This was during the first week 
in September, and while the correspondence was going on something like a 
cessation of massacre and outrage took place. The Indians had a large number 
of captives, who were in danger of massacre, and the object of Colonel Sibley 
was first to secure the safety of these and to bring the outrages to an end. 

The correspondence developed the fact that the hostiles were divided 
among themselves. They held frequent councils, and the debate over the 
course to be followed became so violent that more than once the Indians were 
on the point of flying at each other. -Had such a wrangle taken place, every one 
of the two hundred and more captives would have been massacred. 

A consideral)le minority of the Indians were in favor of the surrender 
of the prisoners as preliminary to peace, but others were so fiercely opposed that 
they threatened to kill those who took the first step looking to that end. With 
Little Crow were associated a number or chiefs who wished to make terms 
with the authorities. They maintained a clandestine correspondence with 
Colonel Sibley, Wabashaw and Taopee being the most prominent. It was this 
couple that managed to keep up an "underground" correspondence with Colonel 
Sibley in the effort to effect their object. They were accused in their own 
camp of doing this, but, of course, denied it, for had it been known they would 
have been instantly killed. 

Colonel Sibley left fort Ridgely September 18 to hunt the hostiles. The 
route was over a country still smoking hot with the blood of the victims 
of Indian atrocity. The Sioux scouts were continually in sight, taunting the 
whites and scurrying before them as they advanced over the prairie, but taking 
care to keep out of rifle range. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 219 



Sibley camped near Wood Lal;e on the 22d of September. The following 
morning a number of foraging teams were fired on by the Indians. The Third 
Regiment hurried out and was soon engaged with the enemy. Tney appeared 
in large numliers on all sides, gathering in the ravines between the Third 
Regiment and the camp. Colonel Siblev opened fire, making good use of the 
howitzer, and an impetuous charge in*^o the grove drove out the Indians. The 
fight lasted more than an hour, eight hundred being engaged on each side. 
The whites lost four killed and about fifty wounded. Little Crow's plan was 
to ambuscade the soldiers while marching through the ravine, but the taunts 
of the "Friendly Indiana," as they were known, caused the attack to be made 
in the open i^lain. 

This is known as the battle of AVood Lake. Colonel Sibley remained long 
enough to bury his dead, and then marched to the Indian camp near Lac qui 
Parle. This was reached on the 26ih of September, and was found to contain 
about a hundred tepees. Little Crow and two hundred warriors and their 
families had fled northward after the batele of Wood Lake. 

Sibley's camp was within a quarter of a mile of the Indian camp, which 
was commanded by his cannon. He soon rode over with his staff and bodyguard 
and took formal possession. The Indians, many of whom had conducted them- 
selves like demons,' were pi'ofuse in their professions of friendship, each insisting 
that he was a good Indian and all +he outrages were committeed by the other 
fellows. 

Colonel Sibley's formal demand for the captives was promptly obeyed. 
They numbered two hundred and fifty, who for days had undergone the most 
agonizing suspense conceivable, for, beyond question, they were repeatedly 
within a hair's breadth of death. Sometimes it looked as if the friends of 
peace would prevail and the anguish end by their restoration to their friends, 
but the fiery warriors, implacable in their hostility, conquered, and the torture 
of hope deferred continued. Now, however, it was over, and they were safe 
beyond any harm from their painted foes. The ragged, gaunt, famished women 
and children wept with joy, and many an eye among the soldiers was moistened 
by the touching sight. There was only one white man, George Spencer, among 
the restored captives. He said that if Colonel Sibley had done as many of his 
friends had urged, attacked the Indiana at certain times, every one of the 
captives would have been killed. 

A military commission of inquiry was organized and testimony taken to 
ascertain tlie guilt of accused parties. Some thirty or forty were arrested, and 
the rest were sent down to the Yellow Medicine Agency under charge of Agent 
Gaibraith. Indians continually came in and surrendered, for all saw the end 
had come. 

Colonel Crook, by direction of the commander, stealthily surrounded the 
second camp at night, disarmed the men and placed them in a log jail erected 
in the middle of the camp. The same thing was done at Yellow Medicine, by 
bringing all the braves into the agency building under the pretense of holding 
a council. 

CHAPTER XLV 

Colonel Sibley broke camp on the 23rd of October, having been joined by 
Lieutenant Colonel Marshall, with a number of prisoners captured upon Wild 
Goose Nest Lake. The other captives were taken in at Yellow Medicine, and 



220 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the mai'ch continued through one of the fiercest wind storms ever encountered 
in that section. It cleared, however, and the sun was shining from a calm 
sky when camp was made in the valley of the Redwood. 

Several weeks were spent at the Lower Agency, during which the investi- 
gation and trials were continued. Parties sent out still found victims of the 
massacre. Mr. Heard states that, on the 29th, a foraging party crossed the river, 
and eleven miles above discovered the remains of twelve persons. In one 
house a skull lay upon the bed, and in the same room was stretched a dead hog 
that had probably been feeding on the bodies. Close to the house the party 
were saluted by two howling, half-starved dogs. 

The next da> they came upon the remains of thirteen more bodies. One 
skull, evidently that of a powerful man, was fractured to bits. Cattle were 
running around almost as wild as buffalo. An ox was writhing on the ground 
in agony, and frothing at the mouth, apparently with hydrophobia. Many of 
the dogs had gone mad. Desolation reigned supreme. 

Oii the 7th of November Colonel Marshall started for Fort Snelling with 
the inmates of the Indian camp, numbering about 1,500, mostly women and 
children. "While passing New Ulm the inhabitants, who were engaged in dis- 
interring and reburying their dead attacked the prisoners with the command. 
The sight of the authors of their desolation and woe inspired the men, women, 
and children to madness. Catching up hoes, brickbats, clubs, knives, guns, and 
anything upon which they could lay their hands, they assailed the cowering 
wretches in the wagons. One woman broke the jaw of an Indian, and, had 
they not been restrained, more than one savage would have been killed. 

Ariving at Mankato, Camp Lincoln was established, and a number of Winne- 
bagos Avere tried. The military commission, organized to try summarily the 
mulatcoes, mixed blood, and Indians engaged in the Sioux raids and massacres, 
consisted at first of Colonel Crook, Lieutenant Colonel Marshall, Captains Grant 
and Bailey and Lieutenant Olin. Mr. Isaac V. D. Heard, the historian of the 
outbreak, acted as recorder. Before the trial was concluded. Major Bradley 
was substituted for Lieutenant Colonel Marshall, who was called away by other 
duties. 

The prisoners were arraigned upon v/ritten charges specifying the crimin- 
taing acts. These charges were signed by Colonel Sibley or his adjutant general, 
and in nearly every case were based upon informacion by Rev. S. R. Riggs, who 
assembled those that had the means of knowing the truth by themselves, and 
closely questioned them. The names of the witnesses were attached to the 
charge. Mr. Riggs's long residence among the Indians, his full knowledge of 
their habits and characteristics, and his thorough acquaintance with the accused 
made his help invaluable in fixing the guilt upon the right parties. 

As an example of the manner in which this famous trial was conducted, 
we give Mr. Heard's account of the proceedings in the case of the first person 
tried. He was Godfrey, a negro. 

"Charge and Specifications Against O-ta-kie, or Godfrey, a Colored Man 
Connected with the Sioux Tribe of Indians. 

CHARGE— MURDER. 

"Specification 1. — In this, that the said 0-ta-kle, or Godfrey, a colored man, 
did, at or near New [Jim, Minnesota, on or about the 19th day of August, 1862, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 

join a war party of the Sioux tribe of Indians against the citizens of tlie United 
States, and did with his own hand murder seven white men, women, and 
children (more or less), peaceable citizens of the United States. 

"Specification 2.— In this, that the said 0-ta,-kle, or Godfrey, a colored man, 
did, -at various times and places between the 19th of August, 1862, and the 
28lh day of September, 1862, join and participate in the murders and massacre 
committed by the Sioux Indians on the Minnesota frontier. By order of 

"Col. H. H. Sibley, Com. Mil, Expedition 
"S. H. Fowled, Lt. Col., State Militia, A. A. A. G. 

"Mary Woodbury, 

"David Faribalt, Sr., 
«T,„ c Witnesses. 

Mary Swan, 

"Bernard La Batte, 

"Godfrey denied the gi-ave accusation, insisting that he had been forced into 
the fight on the side of- the Indians, and had done nothing which was not 
justified by the situation and circumstances. 

"Mary Woodbury testified that she saw him two or three days after the 
outbreak at Little Crow's village with a breech clout on and his legs and face 
painted for a war party, and that he started with one for New Ulm; that he 
appeared very happy and contented with the Indians; was whooping around 
and yelling, and apparently as fierce as any of them. When they came back, 
there was a Wahpeton, named Hunka, who told witness that the negro was the 
bravest of all: that he led them into a house and clubbed the inmates with a 
hatchet ; and that she was standing in the prisoner's tent door and heard the 
Indians asking him how many he had killed, and lie said only seven; and that 
she saw him once, when he started off, have a gun, a knife, and a hatchet. 

"Mary Swan and Mattie Williams testified that when the war party took 
them captive, though the prisoner was not armed, he appeared to be as much 
in favor of the outrages as any of the Indians, and made no intimation to the 
contrary in a conversation the witnesses had with him. 

"La Batte knew nothing about him. 

David Faribault, Sr., a half-breed, testified as to his boasting of killing 
seven with a tomahawk, and some more children; but these, he said, didn't 
amount to anything, and he wouldn't count them. Witness saw him at the 
fort and at New Ulm, fighting and acting like the Indians, and he never told 
him (Faribault) that he was forced into the outbreak. 

"Godfrey's looks and honest manner led the court to think that possibly he 
was not as 'black' as painted. His voice was soft, his face pleasing, and he 
created much sympathy for himself. It was impossible to find anyone who had 
actually seen him kill a white person. His case puzzled the covirt, but he was 
finally found not guilty of the first specification, but guilty of the charge and 
second speciflcat'ion, and sentenced to be hanged. Accompanying the sentence 
was a recommendation of a commutation of punishment to imprisonment for 
ten years. This was granted by the President of the United States. 

"Godfrey possessed an extraordinary memory and gave great aid in the 
trial of the other prisoners. Most of these virtually admitted their guilt, 
thougli they tried to extenuate what they had done. 

"The most terrible murderer among the lot was Cut Nose. He was the 
leader in most of the massacres and foremost in outrages. At Beaver Creek 
settlement, a party of settlers hurriedly prepared for flight. In the wagon 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



huddled a number of helpless women and children, who gathered their shawls 
about them and covered their heads on the approach of the Indians. Two of 
these held the horses while Cut Nose leaped into the wagon and tomahawked 
eleven, most of them children. An infant was then snatched from its mother's 
arms and riveted to the fence with a bolt taken from the wagon. When the 
infant had expired the mother was mutilated and killed." 

More than four hundred prisoners were tried, of which three hundred and 
three were sentenced to death and eighteen to imprisonment. The records of 
the testimony and sentences of the Indians were sent to President Lincoln, who 
ordered that thirty-eight should be executed on the 2Gth of February, 1863. 

CHAPTER XLVI. 

The condemned were treated with the utmost consideration. They were 
allowed to select their spiritual advisers, to bid good-bye to their families, and 
every possible indulgence was shown to them. Some displayed a stoical indif- 
ference to their awful situation, while others were affected to tears. 

The following details of the last scenes are from the St. Paul Press: 

"Late on Thursday night, in company with Lieutenant Colonel Marshall, 
the reporter visited the building occupied by the doomed Indians. They were 
quartered on the ground floor of the three-story stone building erected by the 
late General Leech. 

"They were all fastened to the floor by chains, two by two. Some were 
sitting up, smoking and conversing, while others were reclining, covered with 
blankets, and apparently asleep. The haif-breeds and one or two others only 
were dreF"°d in citizens' clothes. The rest wore the breech clout, leggings and 
blankets, and not a few w^re adorned w;+h paint. The majority of them were 
young men, though several were quite old and gray-headed, ranging perhaps 
toward seventy. One was quite a youth, not over sixteen. They all appeared 
cheerful and contented, and scarcely to reflect on the certain doom that awaited 
them. To the gazers, the recollection of how short a time since they had been 
engaged in The diabolical work of murdering indiscriminately both young and 
old, sparing neither sex nor condition, sent a thrill of horror through the veins. 
Now they were perfectly harmless, and looked as innocent as children. They 
smiled at your entrance, and held out their hands to be shaken, which yet 
appeared to be gory with the blood of babes. Oh, Treachery, thy name is Dakota! 

"Father Ravoux spent the whole night among the doomed ones, talking 
with them concerning their fate, and endeavoring to impress upon them a 
serious view of the subject. He m.et with some success and during the night 
several were baptized and received the communion of the church. 

"At daylight the reporter was there again. The good man. Father Ravoux, 
was still with them, also Rev. Dr. Williamson, and whenever either of these 
worthy men addressed them they were listened to with marked attention. The 
doomed ones wished it to be known to their friends, and particularly their 
wives and children, how cheerful and happy they all had died, exhibiting no 
fear of this dread event. To the skeptical it appeared not as an evidence of 
Christian faith, but a steadfast adherence to their heathen superstitions. 

"They shook hands with the officers who came in among them, bidding 
them good-bye as if they were going on a long and pleasant journey. They 
had added some fresh streaks of vermillion and ultramarine to their counten- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 

ances as their fanoy suggested, evidently intending to fix themselves off as gayly 
as possible lor the coming exhibition. They commenced singing their death 
song, Tazoo leading, and nearly all joining. It was wonderfully exciting. 

"At half past seven all persons were excluded from the room except those 
Jiecessary to help prepare the prisoners for their doom. Under the superin- 
tendence of Major Brown and Captain Redfield their irons were knocked off, 
and one by one they were tied by cords, their elbows being pinioned behind and 
the wrists in front, but about six inches apart. This operation occupied until 
about nine o'clock. In the meantime the scene was much enlivened by their 
songs and conversation, keeping up the most cheerful appearance. As they 
were being pinioned, they went around the room shaking hands with the 
soldiers and reporters, bidding them 'good-bye,' etc. White Dog requested not 
to be tied and said that he could keep his hands down; but, of course, his 
request could not be complied with. He said that Little Crow, Young Six, and 
Big Eagle's brother got them into the war, and now he and others are to die for 
it. After all were properly fastened they stood up in a row around the room, 
and another exciting death song was sung. They then sat down very quietly 
and commenced smoking again. Father Ravoux came in, and after addressing 
them a few moments, knelt in prayer, reading from a prayer book in the Dakota 
language, which a portion of the condemned repeated after him. During this 
ceremony nearly all paid the most strict attention, and several were affected 
even lo tears. He then addressed them again, first in Dakota, then in French, 
which was interpreted by Baptiste Campbell, one of the condemned half-breeds. 
The caps were then put on their heads. These were made of white muslin, 
taken from the Indians when their camps were captured, and which had formed 
part of the spoils they had taken from the murdered traders. They were made 
long and looked like a meal sack, but being rolled up, only came down to the 
forehead and allowed their painted faces yet to be seen. 

"Ihey received these evidences of their near approach to death with evident 
dislike. When they had been adjusted on one or two, they looked around on 
the others who had not yet received them with an appearance of shame. Chains 
and cords had not moved them — these were not considered dishonorable — 
but this covering of the head with a white cap was humiliating. There was 
no more singing and but little conversation now. All sat around the room, 
most of them in a crouched position, awaiting their doom in silence, or listening 
to the remarks of Father Ravoux, who still addressed them. Once in a while 
they brought their small looking glasses before their faces to see that their 
countenances yet preserved the proper modicum of paint. The three half-breeds 
were the most affected of all, and their dejection of countenance was truly piti- 
ful to behold. 

"At precisely ten o'clock the condemned were marshalled in a procession, 
and headed by Captain Redfield, marched out into the street and directly across 
through files of soldiers to the scaffold which had been erected in front, and 
were delivered to the officer of the day, Captain Bui't. They went eagerly and 
cheerfully, even crowding and jostling each other to be ahead, just like a lot 
of hungry boarders rushing to dinner in a hotel. The soldiers who were on 
guard in their quarters stacked arms and followed them, and they, in turn, 
were followed by the clergy, reporters, etc. 

"As they commenced the ascent of the scaffold the death song was again 
started, and when they had all got up the noise they made was truly hideous. 



224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OP IOWA. 

It seemed as if pandemoniuin had broken loose. It had a wonderful effect in 
keeping up their courage. One young fellow, who had been given a cigar by 
one of the reporters just before marching from their quarters, was smoking it 
on the stand, puffing away very coolly during the intervals of the hideous 
'Hi-yi-yi, hiyi-yi,' and even after the cap was drawn down over his face he 
managed to get it over his mouth and smoked. Another was smoking his pipe. 
The noose having been promptly adjusted over the necks of each by Captain 
Libby, all was ready for the fatal signal. 

"Tlie scene at this juncture was one of awful interest. A painful and 
breathless suspense held the vast crowd, which had assembled from all quarters 
to witness the execution. 

"Three slow, measui-ed and distinct beats on the drum by Major Brown, 
Avho had been announced as signal officer, and the rope was cut by Mr. Duly 
(the same who killed I.ean Bear, and whose family were attacked), the scaffold 
fell, and thirty-seven lifeless bodies were left dangling between heaven and 
earth. One of the ropes was broken and the body of Rattling Runner fell to 
the ground. The neck had probably been broken, as but little signs of life were 
observed; but he was immediately hung up again. While the signal beat was 
being given, numbers were seen to clasp the hands of their neighbors, which, in 
several instances, continued to be clasped till the bodies were cut down. 

"As the platform fell there was one not loud but proloiiged cheer from the 
soldiery and citizens who were spectators, and then all were quiet and earnest 
witnesses of the scene. For so many, there was little suffering; the necks of all, 
or nearly all, were evidently dislocated by the fall and the after-struggling was 
slight. The scaffold fell ar a quarter past ten o'clock, and in twenty minutes 
the bodies had all been examined by Surgeons Le Boutillier, Sheardown, Finch, 
Clark and others, and life pronounced extinct. 

"The bodies were then cut down, placed in four army wagons and, attended 
by Company K as a burial party, and under the command of Lieutenant Colonel 
Marshall, were taken to the grave prepared for them among the willows on the 
sand bar nearly in front of the town. They were all deposited in one grave 
thirty feet in length by twelve feet in width, and four deep, being laid on the 
bottom in two rows, with their feet together and their heads to the ouside. They 
were simply covered with their blankets and the earth thrown over them. The 
other condemned Indians were kept close in their quarters, where they were 
chained and not permitted to witness the execution." 

They were afterwards transferred to Davenport, where they were impris- 
oned for a short time, when the magninimity of President Lincoln prevailed 
over his better judgement, and he liberated them, sending them up the Missouri 
River, where those same bloodthirsty scoundrels, sixteen years later, caused 
the masacre of Custer and his brave soldiers. This is one instance where our 
great President Lincoln seasoned justice, too highly, with mercy. 

CHAPTER XIVII. 

On the 28th day of .Tune, 1877, the Republican State Convention met at Des 
Moines and nominated John H. Gear for Governor. 

A resolution expressing confidence in the ability and integrity of President 
Hayes and approving of his southern policy was defeated. 

The Greenback party held its State Convention at Des Moines July 12th, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 225 

Dominating for Governor, D. P. Stubbs. Its platform reaffirmed previous plat< 
forms, and also the prohibitory liquor law. 

The Democratic party held its State Convention at Marshalltown on the 
20th of August and placed in nomination for Governor John P. Irish. 

The two declarations were in favor of greenbacks in place of National Bank 
bills, indorsement of the policy of the President in the Southern States, the 
equal taxation of every species of property according to its value, and equal 
protection of labor and capital. 

The State Temperance Convention met at Oskaloosa on the 30th of August 
and nominated Elias Jessup for Governor, making no other nominations. It 
passed a large number of resolutions in favor of promoting temperance by State 
and National legislation, and indorsed woman suftYage. 

The election resulted in the choice of the entire Republican ticket by a 
plurality of about 42,000. 

The annual convention of the Woman's Suffrage Society was held in Des 
Moines on the 24th of October. Among the resolutions adopted were the 
following: 

"Whereas, the ballot is necessary to uproot many evils which afflict society; 
and, whereas, women are deprived of this potent, silent power; therefore, 
Resolved, That it is not the duty of women to contribute to the support of the 
clergy who oppose their enfranchisement. 

Whereas, Congress has enfranchised the negro, alien and ex-rebel; and, 
Whereas, Women are as intelligent as the aforesaid classes; therefore. Resolved, 
That the citizens of the State unite in a petition to Congress for a sixteenth 
amendment to the Constitution of the United States, giving women also the 
ballot upon equal terms with men." 

The annual session of the State Grange was held at Des Moines, beginning 
on the 11th of October and continuing four days. Among the resolutions passed 
were the following: 

Resolved, That the State Grange favors the repeal of the resumption act 
and the remonetization of silver and the repeal of the National Bank act, and 
asks the General Assembly to memorialize Congress to shape the financial 
policy of the cotmtry in accorrlance with this resoltition. We are in favor of the 
following changes in our laws: To abolish the grand jury, to compel litigants* 
to give security for cost, to tax the whole cost of jury to the losing party, to 
fix by law the fee of attorneys appointed by the court to defend criminals, to 
regulate the compensation of shorthand reporters, to abolish the office of County 
Superintendent, to compel sheriffs to report their fees as other county officers. 

On the 28th of August, 1877, the country in the vicinity of Des Moines 
was visited by one of the heaviest rainfalls ever experienced in Iowa. It com^ 
menced about "> o'clock in the morning. The darkness was intense and the rain 
came down in torrents. Nine miles east of Des Moines the Rock Island railroad 
crosses I.ittie Four Mile Creek, ordinarily a small stream. At the railroad 
bridge the banks are some thirty feet above the bed of the creek. In this 
vicinity their seemed to have been a cloudburst. The entire surface of the 
prairie was covered by the flood. Every ravine was filled with a torrent. The 
continuous roar of thunder, blinding flashes of lightning, the dense darkness 
and the rusljing water combined to make the night hideous. The mail and 
passenger train from Chicago which was due at Des Moines at half past three 
in the morning was coming at a speed of thirty miles an hour. It consisted of 



226 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

a baggage car, a mail car, one of Barnum's advertising cars, a smoker, twO' 
passengoi coaches and a sleeper. The engineer, Jack Rakestraw, was a veteran 
in ihe service familiar with the route, but evidently had no thought of danger 
on this part of the line. Suddenly the headlight flashed upon a wild, roaring 
torrent carrying trees and floodwood on its angry current. There was no time 
for thought. The train was on the very brink of the flood and instantly took a 
leap into the chasm. The engineer was crushed beneath the locomotive as it 
struck the opposite shore and turned over, sinking deep into the mud and water. 
Abram Trucks, the fireman, was thrown into the flood on the west shore. When 
he recovered consciousness he saw the train crushed and piled in an awful 
wreck. Dazed and helpless the fireman stood for a moment; then realizing that 
he was alone on the west shore and could not cross and help the wounded and 
drowning, or to give the alarm to any of the inhabitants in the vicinity, he 
started in the darkness and through the flooded country for Des Moines ta 
procure help. In the meantime the passengers in the sleepers had been rudely 
thrown from their berths by the shock of the wreck, and hapily found the 
car standing safely on the track on the very brink of the chasm. Some ran back 
to Altoona, about two miles distant, while others made desperate and heroic 
efforts to drag the crushed and drowning passengers from the wreck. 

Every effort possible was made to extricate groaning and shrieking women, 
children and men from where they were held in the vice-like grip of broken and 
twisted iron and timbers of the telescoped wrecks of cars. But it was not until 
a wrecking train arrived two hours after the ruin was wrought that all of the 
victims were extricated from the piles of ruins. Seventeen lifeless forms were 
placed on the banks of the cre^k. Thirty-eight other passengers of the ill-fated 
train were crushed, bruised or mangled in various degrees, three of whom died. 
Many were maimed or crippled for life. The bridge had gone down in the flood 
before the train reached the creek and two other railroad bridges between that 
and Des Moines were swept away by the same flood, so that the train was 
doomed to destruction in any event. 

The amount of public lands granted and certified to the State for various 
purposes, up to 1S7S, was more than 8,000,000 acres, or nearly one-fourth of the 
entire area of the State. Of this amount 4,400,000 acres were granted to aid 
in building railroads and in improving the navigation of the Des Moines River. 
One milliam five hundred and fifty thousand acres had been granted for the 
support of the public schools; 204,000 acres for the State Agricultural College: 
1,570,000 acres of swamp land. 

The report of the Auditor of State for the year ending November 1st, 1877, 
shows some interesting facts: . * 

The number of cattle assessed was 1,452,546, valued at $14,898,841; number 
of swine over six months, 1,645,708, value, $3,899,301. The number of horses 
was C59,385, valued at $20,100,263; mules, 42,877, value, $1,670,154. The loss to 
farmers of swine from cholera this year was reported at 3,500,000, or nearly 
as much as the total value of those remaining. The number of sheep in the 
State in 1877 was but 318,439, showing a decrease in the ten years from 1867 of 
1,197,787, which was claimed to arise largely from the severe losses by dogs, 
rendering sheep raising so hazardous as to be unprofitable. 

In 1881 there was living on the East side of the Des Moines River in 
Boone County, near the track of the Northwestern Railway, the widow of Mr. 
Shelly, who had been killed in a railway wreck. Her eldest daughter, Kate, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 227 

was about fifteen years of age. On the night of the 6th of July a terrific storm 
of wind and rain swept over that region. Honey Creek, ordinarily a small 
stream coming over the prairie south and west of the town of Boone, winds its 
way through the forest in a westerly direction, emptying into the Des Moines 
River not far from the railroad bridge -which was first built across the river 
near the coal town of Moingona. The banks of the river are quite high. The 
grade of the railroad, down the valley of Honey Creek, descends rapidly and 
not far from the Shelly cabin the track crosses the creek. 

On this night the members of the Shelly family were aroused from their 
sleep by the roaring torrent of Honey Creek, which was rushing by the cabin 
with the force and volume of a small river. Upon striking a light they saw that 
it was about time for a freight train to pass. Suddenly they heard the rumble of 
the train and then a fearful crash of timbers and a wild cry for help. They 
realized at once that the train had gone down into the flood with the wreck 
of the bridge spanning the creek near the cabin. Lighting a lantern Kate 
started in the direction of the bridge with the fierce storm beating in her face. 
The darkness was so great that' she could see nothing, but guided by the noise 
of the I'oaring torrent she reached the bridge. Where the flood was roaring she 
soon discovered the wreck of the train, which had gone down with the bi'idge, 
and heard the shout of the engineer, who was clinging to a limb of a projecting 
tree which had been partly uprooted by the flood. He was the sole survivor 
and it Avas impossible for Kate to cross to his aid, but he assured her that he 
Avas out of danger. Both knew that the night express from the west would soon 
be due and realized the terrible fate that awaited it unless warned of the fallen 
bridge. The engineer could not cross the raging flood to go on his mission, and 
so brave Kate Shelly hesitated not a moment, but turned her face towards the- 
river. The fierce wind and driving rain beat in her face and nearly carried her 
off her feet. The lantern was soon extinguished. It was a mile through the 
dense forest to the river, with a long, high railroad bridge to cross before she 
could reach the Moingona telegraph office where warning could be sent to the 
approaching train. Hurrying on with all the strength she could summon, she 
at last reached the railroad bridge, four hundred feet in length and fifty feet 
above the river. The tempest was now at its v/orst; there was no floor on the 
bridge, the rails I'esting on the cross ties. It was impossible for the girl to 
stand at that height against the fierce gale that swept over it, and on her hands 
and knees, and with the wild gale beating in her face, she slowly made her way 
ever the ties until the farther shore was reached. Lacerated and exhausted as 
she was, sufficient strength remained to enabJe her to reach the telegraph office, 
half a mile farther, and give the alarm. ^Imost overcome by the unparalleled 
exertions, she had scarcely strength to rouse the agent and tell him of the 
impending danger before she sank helpless and fainting. Instantly a message 
flashed over the wire carrying warning to the approaching ti'ain, which was 
fortunately reached barely in time to avert a greater horror than has ever yet 
cvertaicen an Iowa i-ailroad. As the train halted at the little station, the last 
before the wrecked bridge, the passengers, learning of their narrow escape from 
destruction, hastily gathered about the brave little Irish girl, attempting to 
express some measure of their gratitude to her for saving them from a fate 
too awful to 'contemplate. As her heroic deed became known through the press, 
the story of that fearful night adventure was told in every portion of the country 
and the name of Kate Shelly became as widely known as that of any famous 



228 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

woman of modern times. The Northwestern railroad made her a small gift in 
acknowledgment of her action. The Iowa Legislature, at the session in 18S2, 
made an appropriate recognition of the self-sacrificing efforts of the obscure little 
heroine by authorizing the Senator and Representative of Boone County, to- 
gether with the Governor of the State, to procure ana present to the brave girl 
a gold medal with an inscription commemorating the act, with two hundred 
dollars in money. The Legislature also placed on record a vote of thanks for 
her heroic and humane deed. 

CHAPTER XLVIIl. 

A coritest had, for many years, been going on between the farmers of the 
West and one Greene, who had procured a patent on a method of making wells 
by driving an iron tube into the earth. By virtue of his patent he and his 
associates claimed the right to collect a royalty of ten dollai-s from every person 
in the United States who used a well made by driving a tube into the ground. 
This kind of well had been in use in various parts of the country for a gener- 
ation. Encouraged by some of the early decisions of the court, in granting the 
broad claims to the first patentees of barbed wire, the Greene combination saw 
an immense fortune for them if a similar decision could be obtained for the 
drive well patents. With the aid of good lawyers such a decision was obtained 
and the crusade against the users of drive wells was inaugurated. Many well' 
owners paid the demand rather than be forced into expensive litigation. Others 
took counsel and formed associations similar to the one which in Iowa was 
fighting the barbed wire battles. Then began one of the most determined 
conflicts in the courts known in the history of litigation in the State. An asso- 
ciation of farmers in Buchanan, Black Hawk, Butler and Fayette Counties was 
organized to carry on the litigation and meet the expenses. A similar one had 
been organized in New Jersey which was making a vigorous fight. The Iowa 
farmers employed Jed Lake, a talented lawyer and vigorous fighter, to defend 
them against the Greene combination. 

In May, 1S83, in a case tried in the United States District Court of Iowa, 
before Judges Shiras and Love, the court held that the patent of Greene was 
void on two grounds. First, that Greene had slept upon his rights in that he 
did not apply for a patent until the device had for a long time been before the 
public. Second, that a fatal defect in his patent was found in the fact that the 
reissue embraced an important principle not found in the original application 
for a patent and was consequently void. This was a most sweeping decision 
and left the patent combination no ground to stand upon. The well owners over 
the entire coimtry at once refused to pay claims and the Greene combination 
had but one hope of continuing the extortions so long practiced by threats and 
intimidation. The case was taken to the United States Supreme Court in the 
hope that this decision would be reversed or that the farmers would be unable 
to continue the expensive litigation. One hundred and seventy-five suits had 
been brought against the farmers in the tour counties mentioned, and one 
hundred and twenty of them had been defended by Lake and Harmon for the 
association. The money was raised and the cases were ably presented in the 
Supreme Court. In 1887 the final decision was rendered in which the decision 
of the United States District Court was affirmed and the so-called patents 
declared invalid. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 229 



It was estimated that this decision saved to the farmers of Iowa, who were 
owners of 'drive wells, not less than $2,000,000; while the heavy expense for 
carrjang on the litigation for nine years had been borne by one hundred and 
twenty farmers of moderate means. Too much credit cannot be awarded the 
courageous and public-spirited citizens who fought this great battle against an 
extortion of such magnitude in which the farmers of the entire country were 
deeply interested. In Minnesota the Legislature made an appropriation of 
$7,500 to enable the farmers of that State to resist the claim, but in Iowa the 
entire expense fell upon a few private citizens. 

The legal questions involved in the drive well suits were in many respects 
similar to those raised in the barbed wire contests. The final triumph of the 
people in both cases was far reaching, as an adverse decision would have 
enabled the combinations to have extorted for many years an annual tax upon 
the farmers of the entire country that would have reached high up into the 
millions and gone to enrich a few Eastern capitalists. 

CHAPTER XLIX. 

The last message of Governor Larrabee showed a better financial condition 
for the Stale than had existed for several years. The public debt, which in 
January, 18S6, had amounted to |S17, 857.35, had been reduced to $39,388.33. The 
assessed value of property of the Slate was now $51G, 509,409. The Government 
strongly recommended the abolition of corporal punishment in the public schools 
as a relic of barbarism. The permanent fund of the State University at this 
time was $226,899; and the annual income derived from it the past two j'ears, 
$31,119. The receipts from the Agricultural College from the endowment fund 
for the same period were .^94,130. The endowment fund at this time amounted 
to $649,306, most of which was invested in mortgages drawing interest from 
seven to eight per cent. The total agricultural products of the State for 1889 
were slated to be worth $134,060,725. 

Governor Larrabee reviev;ed the working of the new railroad laws enacted 
by the last Legislature in which he said: 

"Experience has now demonstrated the wisdom and justice of the measure. 
The commissioners proceeded under the law to prepare a schedule of rates for 
the roads, having in view the general prosperity of the State. The roads have 
never been so crowded with business as at present, nor has the service ever 
been more satisfactory to the people. It is now admitted that our present local 
freight rates are more equitable than any previously in force in the State, and 
it affords me pleasure to say that there is at present but little friction between 
the railroad companies and the people. The gross earnings of the railroads of 
the State for the year ending June 30th, 1889, were $37,469,276, being an increase 
of $193,698 over the preceding year. It must be evident to the impartial observer 
that the legislation of the Twentj'-second General Assembly has had most 
gratifving results. 

"Railroads have been called into being by the people to promote the com- 
mon' Avelfare and the State can tolerate neither usurpation of power nor con- 
spiracy on me part of its creatures. We are building for the future and the 
importance of keeping intact those principles which lie at the foundation of 
every government of, for and by the people cannot be overestimated." 

Governor Larrabee's message clearly reviewed the lengthened conflict which 



230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

had been going on between the railroad managers and the people for more than 
twenty years. Nunierons attempts harl been made during this period to bring 
the corporations directly under legislative control, but without success. The co- 
operation of the Go\ernor and the Twenty-second General Assembly, had at last 
brcught a remedy for most of the extortions of the railroads which had long 
oppressed the people. The legislation of that General Assembly, which had been 
strongly urged by the Governor in devising and applying the control by law to 
these corporations, has stood the test of time and the courts. It has become 
the settled policy of the State, has inflicted no wrong \ipon the railroads and 
has been of inestimable benefit to the people. The evil effects of attempts ta 
influenc public officials with free passes still remains so strongly entrenched 
that all attempts to eradicate that dangerous form of bribery have failed. 

The Governor made a powerful argument in his retiring message for the 
maintenance and enforcement of the prohibitory laws and against the establish- 
ment of legalized saloons in Iowa by any kind of license. He states the follow- 
ing facts in support of his position: 

"While the number of convicts in the country at large rose from one in 
every 3,442 of population in 1850 to one in every 860 in 1880, the ratio in Iowa 
at the present time is only one to every 3,130. The jails of many counties are 
now empty a good portion of the year and the number of convicts in our peni- 
tentiaries has been reduced from 750 in March, 1886, to 604 July 1st, 1889. It is 
the testimony of the judges of our courts that criminal expenses have dimin- 
ished in like proportion. We have fewer paupers and tramps in our State in 
proportion to its population than ever before. The poorer classes have better 

fare, better clothing, better schooling and better houses It is safe to 

say that not one-tenth and probably not one-twentieth as much liquor is con- 
sumed in the State as was five years ago. The standard of temperance has 
leen greatly raised, even in those cities where the law has not yet been enforced. 
The present law was enacted in response to a popular demand, as evidenced by 
a majority of nearly 30,000 votes cast in favor of the prohibitory amendment. 
Had the women of lawful age been permitted to vote, the majority would prob- 
ably have been more than 200,000. It is the duty of the legislative power to 
lespect The rights of all citizens of the commonwealth, of non-voters as well as 
of voters. It provision were made for suspending for gi-oss negligence such 
officers as are charged with the enforcement of the law and ample funds were 
placed at the command of the Governor to aid prosecutions, the saloon would 
soon be a thing of the past in Iowa." 

In his inaugural address. Governor Boies made a strong plea for a license 
law to be adopted by such localities as preferred it to prohibition. He believed 
that the people in the recent election had by a considei'able majority declared 
for such a change in the liquor laws and that the Legislature was bound to 
respect this verdict. The Governor said: 

"The people have not undertaken to deprive any locality in the State where 
public sentiment upholds it, of our present prohibitory law or its equivalent. 
They have simply declared that each city, town or township shall have the 
right to determine for itself whether it will be governed by the prohibitory law 
or by a carefully guarded license law. Those who believe in this decision and 
feel it their duty to respect it cannot rightfully depart from the letter of that 

decision as it was made The license law which is to supersede 

prohibition must be all that has been promised. We are bound in honor to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 



furnish for localities adopting it a most carefully guarded license law 

The greatest care should be exercised to take the traffic out of the hands of 
immoral and irresponsible parties. Every safeguard should be thrown about 
those who are in this respect legitimate subjects of legal control. A wilful 
sale to a minor or drunkard should be cause for revoking a license. What Iowa 
needs is practical legislation on this subject, legislation that is broad enough 
to meet the views of more than a single class, that is liberal enough to command 
the respect of all her people, that is generous enough to invite to her borders 
every class of respectable persons, that is just enough to protect the person 
and property of every one of her citizens and wise enough to exercise a practical 
control over a traffic that today is unrestrained in most of her centers of popula- 
tion." 

All efforts to enact a local option license law in accord with the recom- 
mendations of Governor Boies failed. 

CHAPTER L. 

On the afternoon of July 6th, 1893, on the west side of the Little Sioux 
River, Cherokee County, the people observed a dark cloud lying low in the 
western horizon. When first seen it presented no unusual appearance, but as 
it slowly arose, with varying currents of air frequently shifting suddenly, angry 
clouds were seen in the southwest approaching another swiftly moving cloud 
from the northwest, which seemed to be driven by a strong wind. The distant 
roar of thunder and sharp flashes of lightning indicated the gathering of a 
severe storm. The two light-colored, swiftly-moving clouds soon came together 
and a great commotion was observed. Soon the funnel shape indicating a 
tornado descended towards the earth and a distant roar was heard. In Rock 
township, where two women were killed, the iron bridge over the Sioux, a 120- 
foot span, was hurled from its piers into the river. As the storm neared the 
Buena Vista County line the cloud lifted for several miles and no damage was 
done, when it again descended to the earth and destruction again began. It 
crossed the county about half a mile south of the town of Storm Lake, plowing 
through the waters of the lake, raising a waterspout nearly a hundred feet in 
height and Avrecking a steamboat.. The tornado kept nearly parallel with the 
Illinois Central Railroad and far enough south of it to miss the villages along 
its line until Pomeroy, in Calhoun County, was reached. Several miles west of 
Ihe town it is described as presenting an appearance quite similar to that 
observed when first discovered in Cherokee County. A steady roar was heard 
£:nd great masses of white clouds were rushing swiftly together from the 
northwest and southwest. Where they seemed to come in violent collision, a 
dense mass of inky biack vapor in violent commotion was forming into elongated 
trunks dropping down towards the earth, one of which reached and trailed upon 
the ground, swaying back and forth, while the others bounded up and down as 
they swung along like the trunk of an elephant. The one reaching the ground 
seemed to be sweeping everything into its path— trees, fences, buildings and 
animals were raised into the vortex, then hurled with terrific force back to the 
earth. Cattle and horses crouched to the earth in terror and the hogs tried to 
bury Themselves in straw stacks. Within and along the surface of the storm 
cloud there was" an incessant play of electricity and fearful jagged bolts shot 
out of the white clouds en either side of the black mass from which the tongues 



232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

c'epended. -^s seen fi^om Pomeroy the sky was a fearful sight to behold. Clouds 
of inky blackness filled the entire west, roiling and swaying in wild commotion. 
One cloud came from the northwest and united with another moving from the 
southwest and trailing beneath the place of collision was the black, whirling 
column dragging upon the earth, from which came a continuous discharge of 
electricity. 

The heavy and incessant roar of the approaching storm seemed to make the 
earth tremble. Persons just outside of its track described the tornado as it 
struck The town as a rolling, writhing mass of greenish blackness, through 
which thousands of tongues of electric flame were darting. There was one wild 
crash and all was blackness and desolation where but a moment before Pomeroy 
stood. For a few moments every survivor seemed dazed and not a living form 
or a building could be seen in the ruins. The shrieks of the wounded and 
cries for help were heard on every side. Roused to a realization of the calamity 
that had suddenly come upon the town the survivors hastened to rescue the 
wounded from the wrecks of their homes. For four hours they worked with the 
energy of despair am.id rain, hail and gathering darkness, guided by the cries 
and groans of the sufferers imprisoned by falling timbers and crippled by 
ghastly w^ounds, not ceasing until all were cared for. All through the night 
search among the ruins for the dead went on, as assistance from the surrounding 
country and neighboring towns came. 

Dr. D. J. Townsend, one of the physicians who was prominent upon 
attending the wounded, gives a vivid description of the peculiar character of the 
injuries that came under his observation. He says: 

"The wounds were not of a class that were met with in any other calamity 
than a tornado. The tissues were bruised, punctured, incised, lacerated, with 
the addition of having foreign matter of every conceivable kind literally ground 
into the flesh and broken off in such a manner tnat no matter how proficient 
the surgeon, they would escape his notice. Inflammation and pain in a certain 
region did not always justify exploratory incisions, as many were contused 
from one end of the body to the other. The dirt and sand were plastered upon 
and into the skin in such a manner that it was extremely difficult to remove 
them.'" 

Such WPS the terrible nature of the injuries that had suddenly come upon 
moi-e than a hundred people. From a population of more than a thousand but 
twenty-one families were left with no dead or wounded of their own to care for 
The dead in the village numbered forty-two the day after the tornado. 

Governor Boies issued an appeal for aid and the people of the State re- 
sponded generously, not only furnishing all the temporary assistance needed, 
but s)ifficient to rebuild the homes destroyed and to supply furniture, clothing 
and food. Besides providing a large amount of lumber, provisions and clothing, 
nearly $70,000 in money was contributed for relief of the sufferers. The total 
number of deaths from the tornado along its entire path of about one hundred 
miles was seventy-one in all, of which there were in Cherokee County twelve, 
in Buena Vista six, in Pocahontas four, in and around Pomeroy, in Calhour 
County, forty-nine. 

On the 11th of -July, 189fi, there occurred a collision of trains on the main 
line of the Chicago & Northwestern railway near Logan, in Harrison County, 
the most destructive of human life that has ever been known within the State. 

From an investigation made by the Railway Commissioners, the following 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 233 

facts v/eie gathered: The Society of Union Pacitic Pioneers of Nebraska had 
arranged for a special train to carry the menibers and their families, to the 
number of 1,200, on an excursion to Logan. There were sixteen pasc'enger 
coaches filled with men, women and children. When the party was ready to 
return the train Avas on a sidetrack at Logan about 6:40 p. m., awaiting the 
regular east-bound passenger train to pass that point, as it does not stop at 
Logan. This train came on time and carried a signal that another train was 
following it. Disregarding this danger signal the engineer and conductor of 
the excursion train started out on the main track and at a curve at about a 
quarter of a mile west of Logan collided with the east-bound fast mail train 
running at a speed of thirty-five miles an hour. The shock was terrific as the 
heavy engines struck each other and a moment later cries a.nd groans of the 
mutilated passengers arose from the wreck of the crowded cars of the excursion 
train. Men, women and children were crushed and mangled beneath the 
broken and twisted fragments of wood and iron in an awful scene of confusion, 
ten'or and agony that defies description. Twenty-seven persons were killed 
and thirty-two injured, some of them fatally. The citizens of Logan rendered 
every assistance in .their power and were untiring in their efforts to relieve the 
suftering. The Railway Commissioners made an investigation of the affair and 
found the facts as here stated. 

At the State election November 8, 1904. 

Theodore Roosevelt, the Republican candidate for President, received 307,- 
907 votes; 

Alton B. Parker, the Democratic candidate, received 149,141 votes; 

Silas C. Swallow, Prohibition candidate, received 11,601 votes; 

Eugene V. Debs, Socialist candidate, received 14,S?>7 votes; and 

Thomas E. Watson, the People's candidate, received 2,207 votes. 

On the question of biennial elections and redistricting the State the vote 
was in the affirmative. 

The Indians sold their Iowa lands for a trifle more than eight cents an 
acre. It is not certain that they actually got $2,877,547.87, but on the basis of 
the price at which they sold the lands recorded and known, including Minnesota, 
they should have had that much from Iowa. 

This information is disclosed by the State census of 1905. One of the 
interesting chapters is that relating to the purchase of lands in which there is 
a specific discussion of each of the purchasers made, as follows: 

1830, Sioux, Sac, and Fox tribes, neutral strip $ 284,132 

1S37, Yankton Sioux 4,000 

1837, Missouri Sac and Fox 40,000 

1837, Iowa 2,500 

1838,Towa 39,375 

Black Hawk Purchase — 
1832, Sac and Fox 655,000 

Keokuk Reserve — 

1836, Sac and Fox 198,588 

Second Purchase — 

1837, Sac and Fox 377,000 

Cessioft of 1842— 

1842, Sac and Fox : 1,058,566 

1838, Iowa 39,375 



234 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1837, Ivlissouri Sac and Fox 40,000 

Cession of 1851— 
1851, Sioux 139,000 



Total $2,877,547 

Many interesting facts as to tlie contracts between the Indians and the 
v/liites are disclosed by the census chapter on these purchases. For instance, 
for the 7,500 square miles in the Black Hawk purchase $655,000 was paid, but 
in addition there was contracted to be given annually for thirty years forty 
kegs of tobacco and forty bushels of salt. 

At the time of making the treaty the tribe was given, for the benefit more 
particularly of the women who had lost their husbands in the war, a present of 
thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of pork, sixty barrels 
of flour and six thousand bushels of Indian corn. Without estimating the value 
of these latter products, the cost of the tract to the United States was about 
fourteen cents per acre. 

The Keokuk reserve was secured for $198,599,871/2, giving the United States 
4,000 square miles of the Iowa Valley at a little less than eight cents per acre. 
The land immediately west of this tract was more expensive. The purchase 
Included 1,250,000 acres of land, and was secured for $377,000, or a little over 
thirty cents per acre. Of this sum $200,000 was to be held in trust, the Govern- 
ment agreeing to pay at least 5 per cent interest per annum upon the same. The 
remainder not required for debts or presents was to be expended to procure 
laborers to help in agricultural pursuits, break up and fence the land still in 
their possession to the westward, erect two grist mills and purchase a large 
amount of goods desired by the Indians 



HOW TO IMPROVE THE MIND. 

This is a question that springs spontaneously in the mind of every progres- 
sive l)oy and girl as well as man and woman. It is said that the mind is 
susceptible of a high state of improvement. The writer when a boy read a 
statement to this effect, and one of his teachers, an old gentleman, filled with 
sober thought, speaking on the subject said: "The mind could be improved to 
a very high degree, much higher than the muscular system," but he never read 
or heard how the mind could be improved, hence he was compelled to solve 
that problem for himself. He devoted considerable time and thought to the 
subject. He debated it over and over to himself; but inasmuch as there is 
nothing tangible about the mind he was unable to see how it could be improved. 

He understood how putty, wood or heated steel could be worked and 
shaped at pleasure; but those were tangible substances. It was different with 
the mind. It had neither form nor shape nor color nor substance that could 
be modeled, modified or iraproved. It was invisible, intangible and incomprehen- 
sible, and the profound conclusion which he arrived at was that the mind 
could not be improved; that it was inflexible and whatever way nature had 
gifted it, so it must be and remain. It was something beyond human power, 
control or conception. 

Up tc this time he had read but little of Shakespeare, Milton, Byron, Burns, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 235 



Moore, or in fact any of the authors, and he did not conceive how the mind 
could be improved until he attained the period of manhood. 

It then dawned upon him that the mind might be improved by exercise, 
the same as the muscular syatem could be improved by exercise; that while 
the exercise for the muscular system consisted of physical labor, walking, 
sawing wood, etc., the exercise for the mind consisted of thinking, memorizing, 
fixing dates, etc., and bj' a proper application of thotight, conditions being equal, 
the mind can be improved more rapidly than the muscular system by physical 
exercise. And the best feature of it is, the mind can be exercised and improved 
without loss of time or neglect of btisiness. For instance, while a man or boy 
is plowing, hoeing, or at any other kind of work, instead of letting his mind 
run to frivolous, perhaps licentious thoughts, let him think over subjects 
which he had read or heard disctissed; or he can recall the names, features and 
wearing apparel of persons whom he met during the previous day, week or 
month, and recall the conversations had. if any. Then let him memorize select 
poems and prose. He will find this difficult at first, but perseverance will 
accomplish it. Let him write the article to be memorized and refer to it 
freqtiently until he has it fixed in his memory. After a little 'time he will 
observe how much, easier it is for him to memorize. Observe also how the 
words are used to express the idea. By all means memorize the Declaration of 
Independence and Patrick Henry's great speech delivered at the Virginia Con- 
vention, Mai'ch 23, 1775, closing with "Give me liberty or give me death!" Then 
let him fix in his mind the dates of the important events in our national his- 
tory as set forth in this volume. Then let him name the Presidents of the 
United States and when their respective terms of office expired. Then let 
him think over and fix in his memory the principal events and dates in the 
history of Iowa. He will find it difficult, at first, to fix dates in his memory, 
but let him keep on thinking and trying until he succeeds. What may seem 
almost impossible at first will, after a little practice, become easy. Ijet him 
also remember that he has a whole lifetime to work at improving his mind; 
that he muts keep constantly at work exercising his mind by thinking and 
acquiring knowledge as the day he discontinues he commences to go down. 
Memory is continually fading and unless the void caused by this loss is filled, 
by new acquiition of knowledge, we shall have lost ground. In order to keep 
our place in the social and intellectual world we must work continually. For 
while we are idly looking on the varied fate of our neighbors, we are sinking. 
It is like placing a man in a boat in the current of a river. In order to retain 
his place, relative to points on shore, he must work at the oars continually, 
because the current is contintially drawing him down. 

So it is with the mind, the fading of memory is continually going on land 
we must work, in order to keep from sinking. This continual work, however, 
should not discourage us, especially when we consider the reward which it 
brings. Moreover once we get our minds trained in the art of thinking, we 
derive the greatest pleasure from the exercise. 

Let us not indulge in the thought, so common among men, that great men 
are born not made, because this is a mistake. If George Washington spent his 
boyhood days and his youthful prime and vigorous manhood, in thinking of 
balls and parties and pleasure, perhaps wine and women, he would not tave 
died the father of his country, beloved by all; and if Abraham Lincoln, had 
depended on the limited scholastic opportunities afforded him, he would not 



236 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



have be^n President of the United States and the world's greatest liberator. 
And so it is with all the self-made men, who have attained distinction among 
their fellcwmen, they acquired their knowledge and talent by reading and 
studying, by lamp light, and while at the plow or hoe or other manual labor 
mentally reviewing what they had read and originating thoughts and theories 
and plans. Thus acquiring knowledge and improving the mind by close study 
and thinking and the same road is open to every young man and woman in 
this republic. 

While ycu are memorizing poetry and prose and dates of events, don't 
overlook the beginning of the Gospel according to St. John, for it is the 
grandest production in our language — we might say in any language. In order 
that you may more fully understand and appreciate it, learn and study the 
facts and circumstances which prompted the great apostle to write it. Re- 
member also that this "life is but a narrow vale between the cold and barren 
peaks of two eternities," and' that its relation to eternity is but the merest dot 
in the firmameht. And what is Eternity? 

The schoolmaster might put it in this way: "Let us suppose the earth to 
be composed of fine sand, and once in a thousand years a single grain of that 
sand is annihilated and so the slow process goes on; a single grain of sand 
at the end of each thousand years disappears, until the whole mass is gone. 
Now suppose a man had an option to spend this vast period in misery and for- 
ever after in bliss or vice versa, which would the wise man select? It might 
seem that the vast period consumed in annihilating the sand was an eternity 
in itself, but vast and incomprehensible as it would be it bears no greater re- 
lation to eternity in fact, than the unit bears to the greatest number — 

"Eternity thou pleasing dreadful thought." 

Lcok therefore to the great hereafter though it is shut out from our limited 
vision by cold and barren peaks. 

"And look not alone to youthful prime. 

Or manhood's vigorous might; 
Man then is useful to his kine 

Supported is his right. 
But see him on the edge ot life. 

With cares and sorrows worn 
With age and pain O, ill matched pair 

Shows man was made to mourn." 
Work, study and persevere, and be sure you are' right and "brave nobly 
then, but conscious of your trust; 

"As ever warm and bold, be ever just, 

Nor court applause in these degenerate days, 

The villain's censure it extorted praise. 

But please be steady, in an noble end, and show 

Mankind that truth has yet a friend. 

'Tis mean for sake of paltry wit to write, 

As foplins grin to show their teeth are white. 

To brand a doubtful folly with a 

Smile or madly blaze unknown defects is vile. 

'Tis doubly vile when but to show your art, 

Ycu fix an arrow in a blameless heart." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 237 

Remember, however, that honesty — strict integrity, at all times and with 
all persons, is the only true road to permanent success. If, therefore, you have 
no higer motive than that of policy it is well to be honest for policy's sake. 
But let your integrity arise from a higher motive than that of policy. Let 
your aim be to "do to others as you would have others do to you," and ultimate 
success in your business will be assured. And in addition, you will enjoy the 
pleasing thought of having played your part toward your fellow man, by ren- 
dering full measure as promptly and as faithfully as you have exacted it. 

CHAPTER LII. 

WHAT CAUSED THE DEATH OF OUR PRESIDENTS. 

George Washington — His death was the result of a severe cold which 
brought on acute laryngitis. His death occurred on December 14, 1799. He 
was 68 years of age. In accord with the custom then prevailing the physicians 
in attendance held a consultation, which resulted in the decision that bleeding 
was the proper remedy. The quantity of blood to be drawn was fixed at one 
quart. The vein was opened, but as the blood did not run freely the arm was 
manipulated to get the required amount. This was too much for the great man 
and he exclaimed, "For od's sake let me die in peace." These were his last 
words. He was bled to death by physicians who would not injure a single hair 
of his head for worlds. 

John Adams — He died fro old age. He passed away without pain on July 
4, 1826, aged 91 years. 

Thomas JeelTrson — Died at the age of 83, a few hours before Adams, on 
July 4, 1826. His disease was chronic diarrhoea. 

James Madison — He, too, died of old age, and peacefully, on June 28, 1836. 
He was 85. 

. James Monroe at the time of his death, which occurred in the 73rd year 
of his age, on July 4, 1831, it was assigned to no other cause than enfeebled 
health. 

John Quincy Adams — He was stricken with paralysis on February 21, 1848, 
while addressing the speaker of the House of Representatives, being at the 
time a member of Congress. He died in th rotunda of th Capitol. He was 81 
years of age. 

Andrew Jackson — He died on June 8, 1845, 78 years old. He suffered from 
consumption and finally dropsy, which made its appearance six months before 
his death. 

Martin Van Buren — He died on July 24, 1862, from a violent attack of 
asthma. He was 80. 

Wiliam Henry Harrison — The result of a cold, caught on the day of his 
inauguration. His death occurred on April 4, 1841, a month after. He was 68 
years of age. 

John Tyler — He died on January 17, 1862, at the age of 72. We have been 
unable to ascertain the cause of his death. 

James K. Polk — In the spring of 1849 he was stricken with a slight attack 
of cholera while on a boat going" up the Mississippi river. Though temporarily 
relieved, he had a relapse on his return and died on June 15, 1849, aged 54 
years. 



238 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



Zachary Taylor — The second President to die in office, is said to have par- 
taken immoderately of ice water and iced milk, and cherries. The result was 
an attack of cholera morbus. He was 66 years old. 

Millard Fillmore — He died from a stroke of paralysis on March 8, 1874, in 
his 74th year. 

Franklin Pierce — His death was due to abdominal dropsy, and occurred on 
October 8, 1869, in the 65th year of his life. 

James Buchanan — His death occurred on June 1, 1868, and was caused by 
rheumatic gout. He was 77 years of age. 

Abraham Lincoln — He was shot by J. Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater, 
Washington, D. C, on April 14, 1865, and died the following day, aged 56. 

Andrew Johnson — He died from a stroke of paralysis July 31, 1875, aged 67. 

U. S. Grant — He died of cancer of the tongue, at Mount McGregor, N. Y., 
July 23, 1885. 

James A. Garfield — Was shot by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2, 1881. Died 
September 18, 1881. 

Chester A. Arthur — Who succeeded Garfield, died suddenly of apoplexy in 
New York City, November 18, 1886. 

Rutherford B. Hayes — Died January 17, 1893, the result of a severe cold 
contracted in Clevland, Ohio. 

William McKinley — Was shot by Leon Czolgosz September 4; died Septem- 
ber 14, 1901. 

WEALTH OF OUR PRESIDENTS. 

Washington left an estate valued at over $800,000; John Adams died mod- 
erately well off, leaving about $75,000; Jefferson died so poor that if Congress 
had not purchased his library at $20,000, he would have been a pauper; Madi- 
son was frugal, and left about $150,000; Monroe died so poor that he was buried 
at the expense of his relatives; John Quincy Adams left about $55,000; Jack- 
son died worth about $80,000; Van Buren left some $400,000. It is said he did 
not drav/ his salary while in office, but at the expiration of his term of service 
drew the whole $100,000; Polk left an estate valued at $150,000; Taylor had 
saved something from his pay while in the army and died worth $150,000; Tyler 
married a lady of wealth; Fillmore was always frugal and added to his savings 
by marrying a lady of wealth, and was worth about $200,000; Pierce's estate 
was valued at $50,000; Buchanan left $200,000; Lincoln about $75,000; and 
Johnston $50,000; Grant was wealthy, but lost his fortune in the Grant & Ward 
failure; Hayes was always frugal and added to his fortune while President; 
Garfield was only moderately well off, as was also Harison, while Cleveland's 
fortune is larger than that of any cf his predecessors; William McKinley, 
moderate. 

CHAPTER LIII. 

THE FAMOUS CONNECTICUT BLUE LAWS. 

No Quaker or dissenter from the established worship of the dominion shall 
be allowed to give a vote for the election of magistrates or any officer. 

No food or lodging shall be afforded to a Quaker, adamite or other heretic. 

If any person turns Quaker, he shall be banished and not suffered to return, 
but upon pain of death. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 239 

Xc priest shall abide in the dominion; he shall be banished and suffer 
death on his return. Priests may be seized by any one without a warrant. 

Xo man to cross a river but with an authorized ferryman. 

Xo man shall run on the Sabbath day or walk in his garden or elsewhere, 
except reverently to and from meeting. 

No one shall travel, cook victuals, make beds, sweep house, cut hair or 
shave, on the Sabbath day. 

Xo woman shall kiss her child on the Sabbath or fasting day. 

The Sabbath shall begin at sunset on Saturday. 

To pick an ear of corn growing on a neighbor's garden shall be deemed 
theft. 

A person accused of trespass in the night shall be judged guilty unless he 
clear himself by oath. 

When it appears that an accused has confederates, and he refuses to dis- 
cover them, he may be racked. 

Xo one shall buy or sell lands without permission of the selectmen. 

A drunkard shall have a guardian appointed by the selectmen, who are to 
debar him the liberty of buying and selling. 

Whoever publishes a lie to the prejudice of his neighbor shall sit in the 
stocks or be whipped fifteen stripes. 

Xo minister shall keep a school. 

Men stealers shall suffer death. 

Whoever wears cloths trimmed with gold, silver or bone lace, above two 
shillings a yard, shall be presented by the grand jurors and the selectmen shall 
tax the offender at 300 pounds estate. 

A debtor in prison, swearing he has no estate shall be let out and sold 
to make satisfaction. 

Whoever sets a fire in the woods, and it burns a house, shall suffer death; 

and persons suspected of this crime shall be imprisoned without benefit of bail. 

Whoever brings cards or dice into this dominion shall pay a fine of 5 pounds. 

No gospel minister shall join people in mariage; the magistrate only can 
join in marriage, as they do it with less scandal to Christ's church. 

No one shall read common prayer, keep Christmas or saint days, make 
minced pies, dance, play cards or any instrument of music, except the drum, 
trumpet and Jews-harp. 

When parents refuse their children convenient marriages, the magistrates 
shall determine the point. 

The selectmen, on finding children ignorant, may take them away from 
their parents and put them into better hands at the expense of their parents. 

A man that strikes his wife shall pay a fine of 10 pounds; a woman that 
strikes her husband shall be punished as the court directs. 

A wife shall be deemed good evidence against her husband. 

Married persons must live together or be imprisoned. 

Xo man shall court a maid, in person or by letter, without first ob- 
taining consent of her parents — 5 pounds penalty for the first offense; 10 lbs. 
for the second: and for the third, imprisonment during the pleasure of the 
court. 

Every male shall have his hair cut round according to a cap. 



240 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

WATER LEVELS. 

Lake Itasca, the headwater of the Mississippi River, is 1,575 feet above the 
level of the sea. 

The height of various cities above the sea level are as follows: 

New York 23 feet 

Albany 130 feet 

New Orleans 10 feet 

St. Louis 450 feet 

Cincinnati 550 feet 

Chicago 591 feet 

Denver ". 5,267 feet 

Dubuque 644 feet 

St. Paul 820 feet 

Peoria 548 feet 

Fort Laramie 896 feet 

Fort Henton 2,663 feet 

Salt Lake 4,351 feet 

Virginia City 6,505 feet 

Omaha 968 feet 

The headwaters of the Missouri are 6,800 feet above the sea level. 

The headwaters of the Illinois are 596 feet abov th sa level. 

The Ohio, at Pittsburg, is 704 feet above the sea level. 

The average fall of the Mississippi River is 42-100 of a foot to the 'mile 
from St. Paul to the mouth of the Ohio, and 32-100 of a foot to the mile below 
the Ohio. 

At the Rock Island Rapids, the fall is 24 feet in 14 miles, and at the Des 
Moines Rapids, 23 feet in 12 miles. 

The average fall of the Missouri River, from Fort Union to its junction with 
the Missisippi, is 95-100 of a foot to the mile. 

The average for the Ohio is 43-100 of a foot to the mile, and of the Illinois 
about the same. 

TRIBUTES PAID TO WOMEN. 

Woman is the masterpiece. — Confucius. 
Women teach us repose, civility and dignity. — Voltaire. 
Shakespeare has no heroes, he has only heroines. — Ruskin. 
All that I am my mother made me'. — John Quincy Adams. 
If woman lost Eden, such as she alone can restore it. — Whittier. 
Woman is the most perfect when the most womanly. — Gladstone. 
Woman is last at the cross and earliest at the grave.— E. S. Barrett. 
A handsome woman is a jewel; a good woman is a treasure. — Sanidi. 
There is a woman at the beginning of all great things. — Damartine. 
The sweetest thing in life is the unclouded welcome of a wife. — N. P. 
Willis. 

Women are a new race, re-created since the world received Christianity. — 
Beecher. 

Heaven has nothing more tender than a woman's heart when it is the abode 
of pity. — Luther. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 241 

For where is any author in the world who teaches such beauty as a wo- 
man's eyes? — Shakespeare. 

Woman is born for love, and it is impossible to turn lier from seeking it. — 
Margaret Fuller Ossoli. 

CHAPTER LIV. 

THE GREATEST BATTLES IN HISTORY. 

The Battle of Salmis, B. C. 480, between Xerxes of Persia and the allied 
Greeks. 

The Battle of Actium, B. C. 31, in which the combined fleets of Antony and 
Cleopatra were defeated by Octavius, and imperiolism established in the per- 
son of Octavius. 

The Battle of Arbela, B. C. 331, in which the Persians, under Tarius, were 
defeated by the Macedonians and Greeks under Alexander the Great. 

The Battle ofMarathon, B. C. 490, in which the Athenians, under Miltiades, 
defeated the Persians, under Datis. 

The Battle of Syracuse, B. C. 413, in which the Athenians were defeated by 
the Syracusans and their allies. 

The Battle of Metaurua, B. C. 207, in which the Carthagenians, under Has- 
drubal. were defeated by the Romans, under the Consuls, Caius, Claudius, Nero 
and Marcus Livius. 

The Battle of Philippi, B. C. 42, in which Brutus and Cassius were defeated 
by Octavius and Antony. The fate of the republic was decided. 

The Battle of Blenheim, A. D. 1704, in which the Fi-ench and Bavarians, 
under Marshal Tallard, were defeated by the English and their allies, under 
Marlborough. 

The Battle of Chalous, A. D. 451, in which the Huns, under Attila, called 
the "Scourge of God," were defeated by the confederate armies of Romans and 
Vicigoths. 

Battle of Hastings, A. D. 1066, in which Harold, commanding the English 
army, was defeated by William the Conqueror of Normandy. 

The Battle of Luetzen, A. D. 1632, which decided the religious liberties of 
Germany. Gustavius Adolphus was killed. 

The Battle of Pultowa, A. D. 1709, in which Charles XII. of Sweden was 
defeated by the Russians, under Peter the reat. 

The Battle of Tours, A. D. 732, in which the Saracens were defeated by 
Charles Martel. Christendom was rescued from Islam. 

On the 21st of October, 1805, the Great Naval Battle of Trafalgar was 
fought. The English defeated the French and destroyed the hopes of Napo- 
leon as to a successful invasion of England. 

The Battle of Valmy, A. D. 1792, in which an i^ivading army of Prussians, 
Austrians and Hessians, under the command of the Duke of Brunswick, were 
defeated by the French, under Dumouriez. 

The Battle of Waterloo, A. D. 1815, in which the French, under Napoleon, 
were defeated by the allied armies of Russia, Austria, Prussia and England, 
under the Duke of Wellington. 



242 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



RISE AND DECLINE OF CATHOLICITY IN THE UNITED STATES.— A 
STRANGE PHENOMENON. 

(From the Telegraph-Herald, May 20, 1904.) 

Something over a year ago the Very Reverend Dr. Slattery of Baltimore, 
Md., delivered a sermon, in which he stated that the Catholic Church in the 
United States was losing ground at an alarming rate, and in support of his 
statement he adduced the fololwing figures: 

Catholics in the United States in 1902 10,976,757 

Catholics in the United States in 1890 8,301,367 

Apparent increase in twelve years 2^675,390 

Catholic immigration during the same period 2,705,184 

Loss on the face of the figures ; 29,794 

This is without taking into account the natural increase from births and 
conversions; also the Catholic immigration from Poland in Russia, Canada, 
England, Scotland and countries not enumerated below. The figures were 
taken from the Catholic Directory, which is an official organ of the church, and 
includes immigrants only from Austria, Belgium, France, Italy, Poland, except 
Poland in Russia, Portugal, Spain and Ireland, and a moderate estimate for 
Germany. 

In a subsequent sermon the very reverend gentleman is reported to have 
stated that the loss to the Catholic Church in the United States during the last 
ten years was nearly 2,000,000. This was a great surprise to Catholics and 
caused considerable comment and discussion. It was affirmed by advocates 
of the parochial schools, that the very reverend gentleman had made a mistake 
in compiling the figures, as the thought of a church losing by establishing its 
ownschools and teaching its religion in them was a contradiction of common 
sense quite beyond the ordinary conception. And it seemed equally absurd to 
think that the church which had gained so rapidly during the first two genera- 
tion of the existence of our government should now be losing at sucii a mar- 
velously rapid rate. 

In a recent issue of the "Berlin Germania," which is said to be the most 
influential Catholic journal in Europe, an article appeared in which it was 
asserted that the Catholic Church in the United States was losing members at 
an enormous rate, and the expense of maintaining schools and churches in con- 
trast with the state established system of Europe was assigned as the chief 
cause. 

Inasmuch as this subject has become of more than ordinary interest, a 
representative of the Telegraph-Herald undertook an investigation of the facts, 
with the following result: . Prior to the adoption of our constitution great pre- 
judice existed against Catholics. Penal laws were enacted against them in 
nearly all the colonies. These penal laws were abrogated by the adoption of 
the constitution, and in 1790 the admission of Rhode Island and North Carolina 
put an end to anti-Catholic laws and secured to every citizen of the republic 
freedom of conscience and the right to worship the God of his choice at the 
altar of his election. Shea, the historian, estimates the total number of Catho- 
lics in the United States at that time at 30,000, and Cardinal Gibbons, in a re- 
cent article fixed the number at 32,000. In 1787 Rev. John Carroll, afterward 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 243 

first Bishop of Baltimore, estimated the number to be 25,500. These figures 
indicate that the estimate of Cardinal Gibbons is high enough to cover all 
claims, hence we will adopt it. As the census for 1790 gave us a population 
of 3,926,214, it will be seen that the Catholics numbered less than 1 in 120. In 
1795 the public schools were established by act of the Legislature of the State 
of New York. The other states fell in line very rapidly, and for two genera- 
tions we had practically no other school. In 1880 the Catholic population had 
reached about 8,000,000. This was an increase of 250 fold and the ratio was 
raised from 1 in 120 to about 1 in 6, while the general population increased less 
than 13 fold. In other words, during those ninety years the population of the 
nation increased from 3,926,214 to 50,155,783, or 1,277 per cent., while the Cath- 
olics increased during the same period, from 32,000 to 8,000,000, or 25000 per 
cent. That is taking into account the immigration. Deducting the immigra- 
tion we have an increase in the general population of 923 per cent., and in the 
Catholic population of 9,275 per cent. 

In 1902 we had a population of about 79,000,000, and the Catholic popula- 
tion was nearly 11,000,000, according to the Catholic Directory, but the Inde- 
pendent and the Christian Advocate, both of which are frequently quoted, make 
it more than 1,500,000 less. Taking the former as correct we have an increase 
of 3,000,000 in 22 years, while the general population increased 29,000,000. 
This is 58 per cent, for the general and 36 per cent, for the Catholic popula- 
tion and the ratio was changed from 1 in 6 to 1 in 7. This includes additions 
through immigration. If we deduct the immigrants the percentage of gain for 
the general population over that of 1880 is 38 per cent., while the loss to the 
Catholic population during the same period is 25 per cent, and the ratio re- 
duced to 1 in 13. 

In discussing this subject it is frequently alleged that the greater portion 
of the vast increase during the first two generations of the existence of our 
government was made by immigration, hence in order to give those interested 
an opportunity to figure for themselves, we subjoin a table of immigration and 
population, by decades. During the first thirty years no account was kept of 
immigrants. In fact up to 1820 our immigration was very light. It is esti- 
mated that it would average less than 7,000 per year. 

IMMIGRATION TABLE. TABLE OF POPULATION. 

From 1790 to 1820 (Estimated) 210,000 1790 3,926,214 

From 1820 to 1830 151,824 1800 5,808,483 

From 1830 to 1840 599,125 1810 7,239,881 

From 1840 to 1850 1,713,257 1820 9,638,553 

From 1850 to 1860 2,579,280 1830 12,866,020 

From 1860 to 1870 2,278,659 1840 17,096,453 

From 1870 to 1880 2,662,191 1850 23,191,876 

From 1880 to 1890 5,246,613 1860 31,443,321 

From 1890 to 1902—12 years. 4,753,522 1870 38,558,371 

1880 50,155,783 

Total 20,194,471 1890 62,622,250 

1900 75,568,866 

1902, about 79,000,000 

From this table it will be seen that the immigration during the last 22 
years was about the same as the immigration during the first 90 years. As- 



244 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

^ . 

Sliming that half of the immigrants were Catholic, which we think is a very 
conservative estimate, the figures would stand thus: 

Catholic population in 1880 8,000,000 

Catholic population in 1790 32,000 

Catholic immigration 1790 to 1880 5,000,000 

— 5,032,000 

Net gain from births and conversions in 90 years 2,968,000 

Catholic population in 1902 nearly 11,000,000 

Catholic population in 1880 8,000,000 

Catholic immigration 188 to 1902 5,000,000 

13,000,000 

Net loss in 22 years 2,000,000 

After deducting immigration, as above stated there is a net loss to the 
Catholic Church of two millions, while the general population increased, after 
deducting ten millions of immigrants 19,000,000. This shows a gain of 38 per * 
cent for the general population and a loss to the Catholic Church, during the 
same period, of 25 per cent. 

Now, what is the cause of this great loss? 

Different reasons are ascribed by those acknowledging the fact. We urge 
that the fact be kept in mind that the question at issue between the friends of 
sectarian and non-sectarian schools is one of greatest moment and concei'ns 
the welfare not alone of the children of to-day but the men and women as 
well as the children of the future. 

The public schools are the greatest institution in the Republic and essen- 
tial to its maintenance. Although over a hundred years old they are still grow- 
ing in popularity. In them we find the rich man voluntarily working to per- 
petuate an institution for which he pays his money in the form of taxes, to 
educate the children of his poor neighbors. In them we find the Jew and the 
Gentile; the Catholic and the Protestant; the Mohammedan and the C6nfu- 
sionist, drinking from the same bright bowl of knowledge. In them we find 
bigotry disarmed and tolerance and forbearance encouraged. In them we find 
the youth of all races and peoples growing up as friends, trusting each other, 
not as enemies suspicious of one another. Let us be a homogeneous people 
and let the American children get their secular education in the public school 
and their religious training and education at home and in the churches and 
Sunday schools, where it should be taught, and where it was taught for the 
first two generations of the existence of our government. 

In 1867 Bishop Hennessy commenced preaching against the public schools. 
' He was the first prelate in the United States to raise his voice against them. 
He was most radical in his denunciations and the enforcement of his rules. 
Catholics who sent their children to the public schools were deprived of the 
sacraments. His whole mind seemed to concentrate and center on the sub- 
ject. He handled it without gloves. He denounced them as the "Godless 
schools, breeders of infidelity, and hot beds of hell." For some time he en- 
countered a great deal of opposition from both clergy and laity, but he was 
eloquent, earnest, industrious and persevering, and gradually the whole Cath- 
olic hierarchy of the United States were brought into line, and in 1880 the 
Parochial school was generally established and the Catholic children have 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 245 

since been se^egated and handicapped. Segregated because tliey have been 
withdrawn from the schools that represent the great body politic and handi- 
cappd because the schools provided for them were inferior from a secular 
point of view. And this is the reason why the Catholic Church in the United 
States is dwindling and decimating. As "the mills of the gods grind slowly," 
history has recorded but few precedents. 

Perhaps the most remarkable is that of the Israelites, which affords a co- 
gent criterion. In the year 1706 B. C. Jacob, with his friends and relatives, 
numbering in all sixty-six souls, moved to Egypt. Joseph, his wife and two 
sons, who were in Egypt, augmented the number to seventy. This constituted 
the Israelite or Jewish sect of that day. They remained in Egypt about 215 
years, and although they were, during a considerable part of the time, re- 
duced to the most abject slavery they increased rapidly; so much so that 
Moses led about 3,000,000 souls through the Red Sea in the year 1491 B. C. 
The Jews were a healthy, vigorous race, the only people on earth who worship- 
ped the true and living God. They were governed by strict laws. They led 
pure, moral and abstemious lives; and yet they did not increase. At the time 
of the crucifixion, 1524 years after the crossing of the Red Sea we cannot count 
3,000,000 Jews extant. About six hundred years after the crossing of the Red 
Sea Carthage was settled and about one hundred years later Rome was settled. 
Those nations grew to be very populous and powerful. They warred against 
each other for over 100 years during which many millions of their men per- 
ished. Yet Rome became the mistress of the world. 

But the Jew did not increase, and why did he not increase? Simply be- 
cause he segregated himself from the surrounding nations and peoples. True, 
he would trade and talk and walk with them; but he would not eat or drink or 
pray with them. No Jewish child was allowed to attend school with children 
of another race or sect. Although we have no record of it, still reasoning from 
the fact that human nature was the same 3,000 years ago as it is today, we may 
assume that a similar school question to that which is now being discussed in 
the United States was up among the Jews. There was a party that favored the 
open door policy and a party, led perhaps by the Pharisees, who favored the 
closed door. Unfortunately for the Jew, the latter prevailed and he shut him- 
self off socially and religiously from all outside his pale. And this is why the 
race dwindled. We believe that in the eternal constitution of things, it is or- 
dained that the society, sect or party separating itself from the body politic 
can not increase or even hold its own. Their seclusion preculdes proselyting 
while desertions counterbalance the normal increase from births. Every man 
of ordinary observation, who has passed the meridian of his life, must have 
observed instances in his own time. Where are the Quakers, the Puritans and 
others that might be recalled? And where are the Lutherans and Episco- 
•palians drifting to? How different it was with the early Christians. The year 
312 opened with the darkest cloud on the horizon that ever settled on Chris- 
tianity. The tenth genral persecution, ordered by the Emperor Diocletian, and 
so vigorously seconded by his bloodthirsty and burtish colleagues, Maximian 
and Gallarious, was in full blast. The earth in Europe, Asia and Africa was 
saturated with Christian blood. It was the darkest hour ever witnessed by 
them. The persecution was so vicious, vigorous, brutal and bloody that it 
seemed impossible for Christianity to withstand it, and even the most hopeful 
felt that it was doomed to be swept from the face of the earth. But relief came 



246 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



from a quarter whence it was least expected. An internal revolution occurred. 
Constantine laid claim to the throne, marched an army to Rome, took the city 
by assault and was proclaimed emperor. He was converted to the Christian, 
faith by a miracle and being ardent and enthusiastic, as most converts are, 
was willing to turn the tables and let the pagans feel the lash of bloody perse- 
cution, such as they had waged against the Christians for more than 250 years. 
But the few Christians who survived the sanguinary ordeal prominent among 
whom was St. Sylvester, who two years later was elected Pope, assembled 
around him, and they said no; that Christianity required no advantage. All 
it needed was equality. Give us equality — elevate us to an even plane, and 
truth will vindicate itself. Hence Constantine's decree issued from the City 
of Milan, in the year 312, simply elevated Catholicity to the dignity of pagan- 
ism. Nothing more. It is called the triumph of Christianity because all Rome 
was converted in a short time. Paganism disappeared like a morning dew. 
But supposing the Christians had adopted the closed door policy of the Jew, 
separating themselves socially and religiously from the pagan. What might 
have been the result? 

In proof of the evil results of separation and segregation of the children 
of our own time were wanting, it is supplied in abundance. A detailed state- 
ment of the evidences necessarily must be here foregone, but to the general 
proposition, that the public schools are most beneficial in their effects on the 
pupil, we think those unbiased in their judgment will give assent. We see in 
this city, where the first sermon against the public schools was preached thir- 
ty-seven years ago, evidence of the handicap children who have not attended 
public schools have suffered. 

Dubuque's system of public schools is inferior to none in the country. 
Politics and sectarianism has been kept out of them, and while the present 
Archbishop lends assent to attendance of Catholic children in the local high 
school — there is no Catholic high school — the attendance of Catholic children 
in the high school is today only about 15 per cent., while more than half the 
children of school age in Dubuque are Catholics, and but few of them receive 
the advantages of high school teaching or training. 

By reason of the Parochial school system the Catholic boy is not given a 
fair chance. It should be our most earnest endeavor to gird him for the strug- 
gle of later years. Deny him opportunity and who knows but that one day a 
walker among the graves shall say with Gray: 

"Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid 

Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire; 

Hands that the rod of empire might have swayed. 
Or waked to ecstacy the living lyre. 

"Some village Hamden with undaunted breast, • 

The little tyrant of his fields withstood; 
Some mute, inglorious Milton here may rest; 
Some Cromwell, guiltless of his country's blood. 

"But knowledge to their eyes here ample page, 
Rich with the spoils of time, did n'ed unroll; 

Chill peury repressed their noble rage. 

And froze the genial currents of the Soul." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 247 

If the general population had increased as rapidly as the Catholic popula- 
tion in the ninety pears preceding 1880, we would have had at that date 300 
million instead of 50 million of people. And if it had decreased in the same 
proportion as has the Catholic population during the twenty-two years suc- 
ceeding 1880, we would have had less than 38 millions in 1902 instead of 79 
millions. These figures will doubtless surprise and challenge the credulity of 
many. But mathematical confirmation is easily obtainable. To designate 
those periods as the periods marking the rise and decline of Catholicity in the 
United States, is to fittingly describe them. 

Surely the time has come for serious reflection on this subject, as well as 
decision and action. It might be well for some of the hierachy to reflect on 
the advice or injunction of the Great Leo XIII., where in his encyclical letter to 
the Archbishops and Bishops of the United States he says: "All intelligent 
men are agreed, and we ourselves have with pleasure intimated that America 
seems destined for greater things. Now, it is our wish that the Catholic 
Church should not only share in, but help to bring about this prospective 
greatness. We deem it right and proper that she should, by availing herself 
of the opportunities daily presented to her, keep equal step with the Republic 
in the march of improvements, at the same time striving to the utmost, by 
her virtue and institutions, to aid in the rapid growth of the state" 

How does the action of some very learned, honest and sincere prelates, in 
seeking to destroy the public school — the most cherished institution of the 
Republic, comport with this injunction. It is surely not "keeping equal step 
with the Republic in the march of improvement." 

Although we invited correspondence there was but one answer which was 
published in the Telegraph-Herald and was as follows: 

MORE ABOUT THE SCHOOLS. 

Editor Telegraph-Herald: In relation to the controversy in the Telegraph- 
Herald in regard to the Cleveland bond deal, and the decline of Catholicity in the 
United States 1 would say: Mi. Maher seems to think that there is no proof 
that Cleveland was in the conspiracy to favor the bankers. There is plenty of 
proof that he sent his secretary of the treasury, Carlisle, to Wall street to go 
into a conspiracy with the bankers to bring on the panic of 1893, for the purpose 
of getting the Sherman silver act repealed, and the panic of '93 was infinitely 
worse for the people than looting the treasury of several millions of dollars. 

In relation to the decline of Catholicity in the United States, if there is any 
decline, the heathenish public schools are more to blame for it than anything 
else, and their infidel education is telling on the other churches as well as the 
Catholic, and it is telling on the morality of the whole nation in general. We 
are getting to be a nation of educated rascals, of which there is lots of proof. 
Even the schools themselves suffer through the rascality of too many of the 
school offi'-ers. The only way to make this republic endure is by substituting 
tnoroughly Christian education for the present teaching of our infidel schools. 

This will mean the smashing of one of our idols, hut it will be done some 
day. ft will mean the doing away with our fetich of non-sectarian infidel schools 
and their tendency to teach paganism, which will lead to anarchy and ruin. ?.nd 



248 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the substitution for them of Christian schools, as education and infidelity, in 
a republic, tend to anarchv. 

JAMES C. WOLFE. 
Audubon, Iowa. 

The article which Mr. Wolfe undertakes to answer states: That the public 
schools were established in 1795, that they were practically the only schools in 
the country' during the tw^o succeeding generations, that during that period the 
Catholic church increased verj' rapidly; that the increase was 250 fold, while the 
general population increased less than 13 fold; that the ratio was raise from 1 in 
120 to 1 in 6, that the percentage of increase was 25,000 per cent, while the gen- 
eral poplation increased but 1277 per cent. The article further states that Bishop 
Hennessy commenced to preoch against the public schools in 1867; that the 
parochial schools were generally established in 1880, and for the succeeding 
twenty-two years the increase in the general population, after deducting the im- 
migration, was 3^ per cent, and the loss to the Catholic church was 25 per cent; 
that if the general population, during the period in which the public schools 
were in control, had increased as rapidly as the Catholic population, we 
would have had in 1880, 300,000,000 instead of 50,000,000. And if it had de- 
creased in the same ratio as the Catholic population during the twenty-two 
years succeeding 1880, our population in 1902 would have been 38,000,000 instead 
of 79,000,000. And although these statements are authentic, being predicated 
on the reports of the census and immigration bureaus and the Catholic Dii'ec- 
tory, yet Mr. Wolfe, unsupported by proof, criterion or parallel, asserts that 
the decline in the Catholic church is due to the public schools; and that 
other churches have suffered also. We have not looked into the matter of 
other churches, but inasmuch as the Methodist church was organized in the 
United States but a fev/ years before the public schools and has grown to be nu- 
!iierically strong under the system, it would require more than an empty asser- 
tion to make us believe that any of the churches has lost by the schools. We 
admire our correspondent for his frankness. He has the courage of his convic- 
tions and the temerity to assert them. Such men are rare, and, however much 
we may differ from them, we must admire and respect them. This school ques- 
tion is one of great interest and importance to the people of this country. Yet 
how few there are who will speak above a whisper on the subject. 

The newspapers are still worse, for they seem to be afraid to discuss it in 
any tone. All, or nearly all, of them believe that the public schools are the finest 
institutions in the country, but they are afraid to say so, lest it might give 
offense to some person and cause the loss of a subscriber. This is shallow and 
unpatriotic, and we sincerely hope that the day will come when newspaper men 
will hold the piiblic interest in higher esteem than their own selfish ends; that 
their love of justice and country will be above rapacity. Then the school and 
other questions of public interest will be discussed freely and fearlessly. We 
hope Mr. Wolfe will give us his reason for believing that the public schools are 
to olame for the great loss sustained by the Catholic church since 1880, and also 
how he accounts for the rapid groth of the Methodist church since its organiza- 
tion in this country, which event was but a few years before the organization of 
the public schools, and how he accounts for the Catholic church increasing so 
rapidly when thei-e was no school but the public school, and decreasing so 
rapidly after the parochial school was established. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 249 



CHAPTER LV. 
MR. BRYAN'S LECTURE ON "THE VALUE OF AN IDEAL" 



(Delivered at DuDiique, Iowa.) 



The Eminent Orator Points the Necessity of a Compass to Steer By in Life. 



From the Telegraph-Herald, April 28, 190.5. 

William Jennings Bryan, twice the Democratic candidate for the presidency 
and now more influential in its councils than any other man, appeared at Stout's 
Auditorium, Thursday evening, before an audience of great proportions. It was 
a representative audience, too, in that men of every position in life were present 
and they were, by the way eqiially enthusiastic in receiving the great orator. 

Mr. Bryan's appearance on the platform was the signal for an outbreak of 
applause and cheering that lasted long and was not checked until he was intro- 
duced. This ceremony was performed by Louis Murphy, editor of the Telegraph- 
Herald. As he retired, the name Bi-yan coming from his lips, the applause broke 
out again as the speaker of the evening advanced to the front of the stage. He 
then commenced to speak and was given the closest attention throughout. His 
address on the "Value of an Ideal," was as follows: 

"What is the value of an ideal? Have you ever attempted to estimate its 
worth? Have you ever tried to measure its value in dollars and cents? If you 
Avould know the pecuniary value of an ideal, go into the home of some man of 
grent wealth who has an only son; go into that home when the son has gone 
downward in a path of dissipation, until the father no longer hopes for his re- 
form, and then ask the father what an ideal would have been worth that would 
have made a man out of his son instead of a wreck. Hewill tell you that all the 
money that he has or could have, he would gladly give for an ideal of life that 
would turn his boy's steps upward instead of downward. 

"An ideal is above price. It means the difference between success and 
failure — the difference between a noble life and a disgraceful career, and it some- 
times means liie difference between life and death. Have yau noticed the increas- 
ing number of suicides? I speak not of those sad cases in which the reason de- 
throned leaves the hand no guide, but rather of those cases, increasing in number, 
where the person who takes his life, finds nothing worth living for. When I 
read of one of these cases I ask myself whether it is not caused by a false ideal 
of life. If one measures life by what others do for him he is apt to be disappoin- 
ted, for people are not likely to do as much for him as he expects. One of the 
most difficult things in life is to maintain the parity between one's opinion of 
his own merits and the opinion that others have for him. If, I repeat, a maa 
measures life oy what others do for him, he is apt to be disappionted, but if he 
measures life by its accumulations, these usually fall short of his expectations, 
but if he measures life by the contribution which he makes to the sum of human 
happiness, his only disappointment is in not finding time to do all that his heart 
prompts him to do. Whether he spends his time trying to absorb from the world, 
only to have the burden of life grow daily heavier, or spends his time in an effort 
to accomplish something of real value to the race, depends upon his ideal. 

A GOOD CLASS MOTTO. 
"The ideal must be far enough above us to keep us looking up toward it all 



250 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the time, and it must be far enough in advance of us to keep us struggling toward 
It to the end of life. It is a very poor ideal that one ever fully realizes, and it 
Is a great misfortune for one to overtake his ideal, for when he does his progress 
stops. I was once made an honary member of a class and asked to suggest a 
class motto. I stiggested 'Evergreen,' and some of the class did not like it. 
They did not like to admit that they ever had been green, not to speak of always 
being green. But it is a good class motto because the period of greenness is the 
period of growth. When we cease to be green and are entirely ripe we are ready 
for decay. [ like to think of life as a continual progress towai'd higher and 
better things — as a continual unfolding. There is no better description of a 
really noble life than that given in Holy Writ where the wise man speaks of the 
just as like the shining light that shineth more and more unto the perfect day. 

HAD THREE AMBITIONS. 

"The ideal is permanent; it does not change. Therefore it is as important 
that the ideal shall be a worthy one. I speak as a teacher to parents, and teach- 
ers will endorse what I say, when I declare that one of the most important things 
in dealing with the young is to get the person to take hold of a high ideal. Give 
one food and he will hunger again; give him clothing and his clothing will wear 
out, but give him a high ideal and that ideal will be with him through every wak- 
ing hour, lifting him to a higher plane in life and giving him a broader concep- 
tion of his relations to his fellows. Plans may change; circumstances will 
change plans. Each one of us can testify to this. Even ambitions change, for 
circumstances will change ambitions. If you will pardon a reference to my own 
case, I have had three ambitions — two so far back that I can scarcely remember 
them, and one so recent that I can Hardly forget it. My first ambition was to be 
a Baptist preacher. When I was a smail boy if anybody asked me what I inten- 
ded to be, I always replied, 'A Baptist preacher;' but my father took me one eve- 
ning to see an immersion and upon reaching home I asked him if it would be 
necessary to go down into that pool of water in order to be a Baptist preacher. 
He replied that it would, and it is a' tradition in our family that I never after- 
wards would say that I was going to be a Baptist preacher. 

"My second ambition was to be a farmer and raise pumpkins, and there are 
douptless a great many people who are glad that I now have a chance to realize 
my second ambition without without having my agricultural pursuits interrupted 
by official cares. 

"My third ambition was to be a lawyer. When I was a barefoot boy I used 
to go to the court house and sitting upon the steps leading up to the bench upon 
which my father sat, I listened to the trial of cases and looked forward to the 
time when I would be practicing at the bar. That ambition guided me through 
my boyhood days and my college days. I studied law. was admitted to the bar, 
practiced for a while in Illinois and then located in Nebraska. In removing 
from Illinois to Nebraska I was influenced solely by professional reasons. I need 
not give you any further assurance that I did not move to Nebraska for political 
reasons than to say that at the time of my location in Lincoln, Nebraska was 
republican, the congressional district was republican, the city was republican, the 
ward was republican, and the voting precinct was republican — and to tell the 
truth i'bout it. there has not been as much change in that respect as there ought 
to have been considering the intelligence of the people among whom I have been 
living. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 251 

ENTERED POLITICS BY ACCIDENT. 

"f entered politics by accident and remained there by design. I was nomin- 
ated for congress in 1890 because it was not thought possible for a democrat to 
be elected. I was young and new in the state. If it had been a democratic dis- 
tric tlae honor would have gone to some one older, of longer residence and more 
deserving. A republican paper said next morning after the convention that a 
confidence game had been played upon a young man from Illinois and that he had 
been offered as a sacrifice upon the party alter because he had not been in the 
state long enough to know the political complexion of the district. My location 
in Nebraska was due to my acquaintance with a man whom I learned to know 
in college and this acquaintance became more intimate because of a joke which 
I played upon him when Ave were students. ' Tracing it back step by step, I said 
one evening in Baltimore that I was elected to congress as a result of a joke that 
I played upon a friend in college. The gentleman who followed me said that was 
nothing, that he had known men to go to congress as a result of a joke played 
upon an entire community. 

THE SCIENCE OF GOVERNMENT. 

"My term in congress brought me into contact with the gi'eat political and 
economic problems now pending solution and I have never since that time been 
willing to withdraw myself from their study and discussion, and I offer no 
apology at this time for being interested in the science of government. It is a 
noble science, and one to which the citizen must give his attention. I have no 
patience v/ith those who feel that they are too good to take part in politics. 
When I find a person who thinks that he is too good to take part in politics, then 
I find one who is not quite good enough to deserve the blessings of a free govern- 
ment. Parents sometimes warn their sons to keep out of politics; mothers some- 
times urge their sons to avoid politics lest they become contaminated by it. This 
ought not to be. It used to be the boast of the Roman matron that she could 
rear strong and courageous sons for the battlefield. In this age when the victor- 
ies of peace are no less renowned than the victories of war, and in this country 
where every year brings a conflict, it ought to be the boast of American mothers 
that they can rear strong and courageous sons who can enter politics without 
contamination and purify politics rather than be corrupted by politics. 

"But while my plans and ambitions have changed by circumstances I trust 
that ray ideals of citizenship have not changed, and that I may be permitted to 
share with you an ideal that will place above the holding of any office, however 
great, the purpose to do what I can to make this country so good that to be a 
private citizen in the United States will be greater "than to be a king of any other 
nation. 

SERVICE THE MEASURE OF GREATNESS 

"The ideal dominates the life, determines the character and fixes a man's 
place among his fellows. I shall mention some instances, that have come under 
my own observation and as I speak of them I am sure you will recall instances 
within your knowledge where the ideal has in an open and obvious way con- 
trolled the life. I have known laboring men who, working for wages, have been 
able to support themselves, acquire a library and become acquainted with the 
philosophers, orators and historians of the world, and many of them have laid 
aside enough to gratify their ambition for a college course. What enables them 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



to resist temptation and press forward to the consummation of a high pui-pose? 
It is their Ideal of life. As I have gone through the country I have found here 
and there young men — sometimes the sons of merchants, sometimes the sons of 
professional men — young men who have one characteristic in common, namely, 
that they have been preparing for service. They have learned that service is a 
measure of greatness, and though they have not always known just what line 
they were to follow they have been preparing themselves for sei-vice and they 
will be ready when the opportunity comes. 

"I know p, young man who came to this country when he was eighteen years 
of age; he came to study our institutions and learn of our form of government, 
and now he has returned with a determination to be helpful to his people. I 
watched him for five years, and I never knew a man who more patiently or per- 
severingly pursued a high ideal. You might have offered him all the money in 
the treasury to have become a citizen of the United States, but it would have 
been no temptation to him. He would have told you that he had a higher ideal 
than to stand guard over a chest of money. His desire was to be useful to his 
countiy, and T have no doubt that he will be. 

HULL HOUSE AND JANE ADAMS. 

"f was passing through Chicago some months ago and having a few hours 
to spare between trains, went to the Hull House, that splendid institution pre- 
sided over by Jane Adams. I was suprised to learn the magnitude of its work. 
I learned that more than five thousand names were enrolled upon the books of 
the association; that mothers left their babes there when they went to work, 
that little children received kindergarten instruction there that young women 
found a home there, and young men a place where they could meet and cammune 
free from the temptations of life. More than twenty young men and women give 
their entire time to the work of the association without compensation. Similar 
institutions will oe fotmd in nearly all of the larger cities and in many of the 
smaller ones, ;!nd in these institutions young men and women, many of them 
college graduates, give a part or all of their time to grattiitous work. Why? 
Because somehow or somewhere they have taken hold of an ideal of life that 
lifts them above the sordid selfishness that surrounds them and makes them 
find a delight in bringing life and light and hope into homes that are dark. The 
same can be said of the thousands who labor in the institutions of charity, 
mercy and benevolence. 

THE IDEAL OF TOLSTOI. 

\ 

"A few months ago it was my good fortune to spend a day in the country 
home of the peasant philosopher of Russia. You know something of the history 
of Tolstoi, how he was born in the ranks of the nobility and how with such a 
birth he enjoyed every possible social distinction. At an early age he became a 
Avriter of fiction and his books have given him a fixed place among the novelists 
of the century. 'He sounded all the depths and shoals of honor,' in so far as 
honor could be derived from society or from literattire, and yet at the age of 
forty-eight life seemed so vain and empty to him that he would fain have termin- 
ated his existance. They showed me a ring in the ceiling of his house from 
which he had planned to hang himself. And what deterred him? A change 
came to his ideals. He was born again, he became a new creature, and for more 
than twenty-eight years, clad in the garb of a peasant and living the simple life 
of a peasant, he has been preaching unto all the world a philosophy that rests 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 253 



upon the doctrine 'Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and thy 
neighbor as thyself.' There is scarcely a civilized community in all the world 
where the name of Tolstoi is not known and where his influence has not been 
felt. He has made such an impression upon the heart of Russia and the world 
that while some of his books are refused publication in Russia and denied 
importation from abroad, 'Vhiie the people are prohibited from circulating some 
of the things he writes, yet with a million men under arms the government does 
not dare lay its hands upon Tolstoi. 

ANOTHER CHANGE OF IDEAL. 

"Let me add another illustration of a complete change in the ideal. In 
college I became acquainted with a student fourteen years my senior, and I 
learned the story of his life. For some years he was a tramp, going from place 
to place withoiit fixed purpose or ambition. One night he went by accident into 
a place where a revival was in progress, and he was not only converted, but he 
decided to be a minister. I watched him as he worked his way through college, 
doing chores to earn his board and lodging, woi'king on Saturdays in a store, 
and during the summer months at anything he could find to do. I watched him 
as he worked his way through a theological seminary and then I watched him 
as he preached the gospil until he died, and I never knew a man more conse- 
crated to a high purpose. The change came in his life as in the twinkling of an 
eye. v'^ould anything be more marvelous? 

THE MYSTERY OF LIFE. 

"Some have rejected the Christian religion bec-ause they could not under- 
stand its mysteries and its miracles. I passed through a period of skepticism 
when I was in college, but I have seen outside of the Bible so many things more 
marvelous than anything recorded in Holy Writ that its mysteries no longer 
disturb me. Is it impossible that a multitude could have been fed with a few 
loaves and fishes? Every spring when the sun melts the ice and drives away the 
snow vegetation springs up and not a few thousand but hundreds of millions 
are fed with the products of the soil. And how many of those who eat are 
satisfied they understand the chemistry of the vegetable? I plant some kinds 
of seed myself in the spring-time — lettuce seed, melon seed, various kinds of 
seed. The earth grows warm beneath the rays of the sun; the seeds burst forth 
and send their little roots down into the ground and their tiny leaves up into 
the air. And drawing their sustenance from the same soil and the same atmos- 
phere, these vegetables finally mature and when I go to gather them I find that 
they differ in size, in shape, in flavor, in coloring, in everything. But I like 
them and eat them although I do not understand the mystery of their growth. 
Did you ever raise a radish? You put a small black seed into the black soil and 
in a little while you return to the garden and find the full grown radish. The 
top is green, the body white and almost transparent and the skin a delicate red 
or pink. What marvelous power reaches out and gathers from the ground the 
particles which give it form and size and flavor? Whose is the invincible brush 
that transfers to the root, growing in darkness, the hues of the summer sunset? 
If we were to refuse to eat anything until we could understand the mystery of 
its creation we would die of starvation — but mystery, it seems, never bothers 
us in the dining room, it is only in the church that it causes us to hesitate. 

"The mystery of life itself has never been revealed to us. Six thousand 



254 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

yeai-s of human history, and yet who understands the mystery of his own being? 
I speak to you from this platform; we have our thoughts, we have our hopes, 
we have our fears, and yet we know that in a moment a change may came over 
an} one of us that will convert a living breathing human being into a mass of 
lifeless clay. We walk all the way beneith the shadow of death, and yet the 
splendid civilization which we see about us is the product of men and women 
who do not understand the mystery of their own lives." 

MATERIALISM. 

"1 have l)een reading recently on materialism and 1 have been interested 
in the attempt of the author to drive God out of the universe. He searches for 
Him with a microscope, and beca,use he can not find Him with a microscope he 
declares that He is too small to be seen; then he searches for Him with a teles- 
cope, and because he cannot see Him among the stars or beyond, he declares that 
there is no God — that matter and force alone are eternal, and that acting on 
matter has produced the clod, the grass that grows upon the clod, the beast that 
feeds upon the grass, the man, the climax of created things. I have tried to 
follow his reasoning and have made up my mind that it requires moi-e faith to 
a<;cept the scientific demonstrations of materialism than to accept any religion 
of which I have known. As I tried to follow his syllogisms I was reminded of 
the reasoning of a man who conceived the idea that a grasshopper heard through 
his legs. But he would not accept it without demonstration, so he took a grass- 
hopper, put it on a board and knocked on the board. The grasshopper jumped, 
and this he regarded as evidence that the sound traveled along the board till it 
reached the grasshopper's legs and then went through the legs to the center of 
life. But he was not willing to accept it upon affirmative proof alone; he in- 
sisted upon proving it negatively, so he pulled the legs off the grasshopper and 
put it on the board and rapped again. As the grasshopper did not .lump, he 
was convinced that it heard through its legs." 

"I say I was reminded of the grasshopper scientist when I read the argu- 
ment employed to prove that there is no God, no spiritual life. There is nothing 
in materialism to explain the change which takes place in a human heart when 
a man begins to hate the things he loved and to love the things he hated — 
nothing in materialism to explain the marvelous transformation that takes place 
In a human being who, before the change, would have sacrificed a world to his 
own advancement, but who after the change, would give his life for a principal 
and esteem it a privilige to sacrifice for his own convictions. Jn the journey 
from the cradle to the grave we encounter nothing so marvelous as the change 
in the ideals that works a revolution in the life itself." 

DIFFERENT IDEALS. 

"It makes a great deal oi difference to the individual what his ideal is, and 
it also makes a difference to those about him. If you have a man working for 
you, it makes a great deal of difference to you whether he is watching you all 
the time to see that you give him the best possible pay for his work or watching 
himself a little to see that he gives you the best possible work for his pay. And 
we are all working for somebody. Instead of working by the day and receiving 
our pay at night, or instead of working by the month, and receiving our pay at 
the end of the month, we may be in independent business and receiving a com- 
pensation fixed by competition, but if wc are not living a life of idleness we 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 255 

must be working for somebody, and it makes a great deal of difference to society 
v.-hetl\er we are simply bent upon absorbing as much as possible from the world, 
or are ti-ying to give a dollar's worth of service for a dollar's worth of pay 
There ar«' some who regard it as a discreditable thing to engage in productive 
labor. There are places where they count with pride the number of generations 
between themselves and honest toil. If I can leave but one thought with the 
young men who honor me by their presence on this occasion, let it be this 
thought — that we must all have food and clothing and shelter, and must either 
earn these things or have them given to us, and any self-respecting young man 
ought to be ashimed to sponge upon the world for his living and not render 
unto the world valuable service in return." 

SELF-MADE MEN. 

"Sometimes you meet a man who boasts that he is 'self-made,' that he did 
it all himself, that he owes no man anything. Well, a little of the big-head may 
be excusable. 1 remember hearing my father say once that if a man had the 
big-head you could whittle it down but that if he had the litt.'e head there was 
no hope for him. It is necessary that a person should have confidence in his 
ability to do things, or he will not undertake them. But when I hear of a man 
boasting of his independence, I feel like cross-examining him. We owe a great 
deal to enviroment. I was going along by the side of the court house in Chicago 
one wintry day and saw some little boys gambling with their pennies in a warm 
corner of the building. A question arose in my mind, namely, why these little 
fellows were born and reared amid an environment that gave no higher ideals of 
life, while so many in Chicago and in the Country at large were born amid an 
environment that gave to them higher ideals and larger conceptions of life? 
The scene made an impression upon my memory, and when I hear a man boast- 
ing that he owes no one anything, I feel like asking him whether he has paid 
back the dept he owes to father and mother, teacher and patriarch. Whether 
he has paid back the dept he owes to the patriots who with blood and sacrifice 
purchased the liberties which we now enjoy. We have received so much from 
the generations past and from those about us that instead of boasting of what 
we have done we ought to learn humility and be content if at the end of life 
we can look ba','k over the years and be assured that we have given to the world 
a service equal in value to that which we have received. 

THE SPECUI..ATIVE SPIRIT. 

"There is abroad in the land a speculative spirit that is doing much harm. 
Instead of trying to earn a living, young men are bent on making a fortune. 
Not content with the slow accumulatios of honest toil they are seeking some 
short cut to riches, and are not always scrupulous about the means employed. 
The 'get-rich-quick' schemes that spring up and swindle the public until they 
are discovered and driven out, prey upon the speculative spirit and find all their 
victims among those who are trying to get something for nothing. If a lottery 
were permitted to open in this town and offered a thousand dollar prize, and 
sold chances at a dollar apiece, you would be surprised to find how many would 
send around to the back door and purchase a ticket. 

"What we need to-daj' is an ideal of life that will make people as anxious 
to render full service as they are to draw full pay — an ideal that will make them 
measure life by what they bestow upon their fellows, not by what they receive. 



250 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

DOMESTIC IDEALS. 

Not only must the individual have an ideal, but must have ideals as groups 
oi' individuals and in every department of life. We have our domestic ideals. 
Whether a marriage is happy of not depends not so much upon the size of the 
house or the amount of the income, as upon the ideals with which the parties 
enter marriage If two people contract marriage like some people trade horses 
—each one trying to get the better of the bargain — -it is not certain that the mar- 
riage will be a happy one. In fact, the man who cheats in a horse trade has at 
least one advantage over the man who cheats in matrimony. The man who 
cheats in a horse trade may console himself with the thought that he will never 
see again the person whom he has cheated. Not so fortunate is the man who 
cheats in marriage. He not only sees daily the person whom he has cheated, 
but he is sometimes reminded of it- — and it is just as bad if the cheating is done 
by the other side. Americans sometimes have to blush when they read of the 
International marriages so much discussed in the papers. I speak not of those 
cases where love leaps across the ocean and blinds two hearts — there are such 
cases and they are worthy of a blessing. But I speak rather of those commer- 
cial transactions which are by courtesy called marriages, where some young 
woman in this country trades a fortune that she never earned to a broken down 
prince of another country for a title that he never earned, and they call it a fair 
exchange. I have sometimes thought that it might be worth while to establish 
papers in the centers of the world to tell the people of our real marriages, so 
that they would not misunderstand us. 

There is an American ideal of domestic life. When two persons, drawn 
together by the indissoluble ties of love, enter marriage each one contributing 
a full part and both ready to share life's struggles and trials as well as its 
victories and its joys — when these, mutually helpful and mutually forbearing, 
start out to build an American home it ought to be the fittest earthly type of 
heaven. 

BUSINESS IDEALS. 

"In the business it is necessary to have an ideal. It is as impossible to 
build a business without an ideal as it is to build a house without a plan. 
Some think that competition is so sharp now that it is impossible to be strictly 
honest in business; some think that it is necessary to recommend a thing, not 
as it is, hut as the customer wants it to be. There never was a time when it 
was more necessary than it is to-day that business should be built upon a founda- 
tion of absolute integrity. 

In the profession, also, an ideal is necessary- Take the medical profession 
for illustration. It is proper that the physician should collect money from his 
patients for he must live, while he helps others to live, but the physicians who 
have written their names high upon the scroll of fame have had a higher ideal 
than the making of money. They have had a passion for the study of their 
profession, they have searched diligently for the hidden causes of disease and 
the remedies therefor and they have found more delight in giving to the world 
some discovery of benefit to the race than they have found in all of the money 
that they have collected from their patients. 

"And the lawyer; has he ideals? Yes. I suppose the ideals of lawyers vary 
as much as the ideals in any other profession. I have known lawyers to boast 
of securing the acquittal of men whom they knew to be guilty; I have heard 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 257 

them boast of iiaving secured for their clients what they knew their clients did 
uol deserve. I do not understand how a lawyer can so boast. He is an oflacer 
of the court, and as such he is sworn to assist in the administration of justice. 
^¥hen he has helped his client to secure all that is justly due to him he has 
done his full dutj as a lawyer, and if he goes beyond that he goes at his own 
peril. Show me a lav/yer who has spent a lifetime trying to obliterate the 
line between right and wrong and I will show you a man whose character has 
grown weaker year by year, and whose advice is at last of no value to a client, 
because he will have lost the power to discriminate between right and wrong. 
Show me on the other hand a lawyer who has spent a lifetime in the search for 
truth, determined to follow where it leads, and I will show you a man whose 
character has grown stronger year by year and whose advice is of constantly 
increasing value because the power to discern the truth grows with the honest 
search for truth. 

"Then, too a lawyer's influence with the judge depends largely upon his 
reputation for honesty. Of course, a lawyer can fool a judge, a few times and 
lead him into a hole, but after a while the judge learns to know the lawyer, and 
then he can not follow the lawyer's argument because he is looking for a hole 
all the time, which he is trying to avoid. I need not remind you that nothing 
is so valuable to a jury lawyer as a reputation that will make the jurrors believe 
that he will not under any circumstances misstate a proposition of law or of 
evidence. And so I might take up each occupation, calling and profession, and 
show that the ideal controls the life, determines the character and establishes 
a )nan's place among his fellows. 

IDEALS IN POLITICS. 

"But let me speak of the ideals of a larger group. What of our political 
ideals? The party as well as the individual must have its ideals, and we are 
far enough from election to admit that there is room in all parties for the 
raising of the party ideal. How can a person most aid his party? Let us 
suppose that one is passionately devoted to his party and anxious to render it 
the maximum service: how can he render this service? By raising the ideal 
of his party. If a young man asks how he can become rich in a year, I know 
not what to answer him, but I can tell him that if he will locate in any commun- 
ity and for twenty-five years live an honest life, an industrious life, a useful life, 
he will make friends and fasten them to him with hooks of steel; he will make 
his impress upon the community and the chances are many to one that before 
the quarter of a centtiry has elasped his fellows will call upon him to act for 
them and to represent them in Important matters. 

"And so if you ask me how we can win an election this year, I do not know. 
If yovi ask me how we can insure a victory three years from now, I cannot tell, 
taut I do know that the party which has the highest ideals and that strives most 
earnestly "to realize its ideals will ultimately dominate this country and make 
its impress upon the history of the nation. As it is more important that the 
young man shall know how to build character and win a permanent success than 
that he shall become rich in a day, so it is more important that we shall know 
how to contribute to the permanent infltience of a party than it is that we be 
able to win a temporary victory or distribute the spoils of office after a success- 
ful campaign. 

"The country is suffering to-day from a demoralization of its ideals. Instead 



258 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of measuring people by the manhood or womanhood they manifest we are too 
prone to measure them by the amount of money they possess, and this demoral- 
ization has naturally and necessarily extended to politics. Instead of asking 
'Is it right?' we are tempted to ask, 'will it pay?' and 'Will it win?' As a result 
the public conscience is becoming scared and the public service debauched. We 
find corruption in elections and corruption in office. Men sell their votes, 
councilmen sell their influence, while state legislators and federal represen- 
tatives turn the government from its legitimate channels and make it a private 
asset in business. It is said that in some precincts in Delaware a majority of 
the voters have been paid for their votes. Governor Garvin of Rhode Island 
calls attention to the corruption in that state; there is corruption in Connec- 
licut, in New Jersey, and in Pennsylvania. I learned of an instance in New 
York where a farmer with a quarter-section of land demanded a dollar and a 
half for his vote, and I learned of another instance in West Virginia, where a 
man came in fourteen miles from the country the day before election to notify 
the committee that he would not vote the next day unless he received a dollar. 
In some places I found that democrats were imitating republican methods. 
They excused it by saying that they were fighting the devil with fire. This is 
no excuse. It is a poor policy to fight the devil with fire. He knows more about 
fire than you do and does not have to pay so much for fuel. I was assured that 
the democrats only bought votes when they found some democi-at who was being 
tempted more than he could bear, and that they only used money to fortify the 
virtue of the democrat for fear he might yield to temptation and become vicious. 
"How are we to stop this corruption? Not by going into the market and 
bidding against our opponents, but by placing against money something stronger 
than money. And what is stronger than money? A conscience is stronger 
than money. .A. conscience that will enable a man to stand by a stake and smile 
when the flames consume him is stronger than money, and we must appeal to 
the conscience — not to a democratic conscience or a republican conscience, but 
to an American conscience and to a Christian conscience, and place this 
awakened conscience against the onflowing tide of corruption in the United 
States. 

MUST HAVE PARTIES. 
"We must have parties in this country. Jefferson said that there were 
naturally two parties in every country — a democratic party and an aristocratic 
party (and he did not use the word 'democratis' in a partisan sence, for at that 
time the party which we now call democratic was called the republican party.) 
Jefferson said that a democratic party would naturally draw to itself those who 
do not believe in or trust the people. Jefferson was right. Go into any country 
in Europe, and you will find a party of some name that is trying to increase the 
participation to the people in the government, and you will also find a party of 
some name which is obstructing every step toward popular government. We 
have the same difference in this country, but the democratis spirit is broader 
here than any party. Wherever the question has been closely presented and on 
the one side there was an attempt to carry the government nearer to the people 
and on the other an effort to carry the government further from the people, 
popular government has always won. Let me illustrate. The Australian ballot 
is intended to protect the citizen in his right to vote, and thus give effect to 
the real wishes of the people, and when this reform was proposed it swept the 
country without regard to the party in power in the various states. Take the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 259 

demand for the election of senators by the people, upon what does it rest? Upon 
the belief that the people have the right to and the capacity for self-government. 
The sentiment in favor of this reform lias grown until a resolution proposing 
a constitutional amendment has passed the lower house of congress four times — 
twice when the house was democratic and twice when it was republican. This 
reform is sure to come, because the people believe in self-government, and they 
will in time insist upon making the government conform to their belief. 

"The initiative and referendum involve the same principles. The initiative 
describes the process by which the people compel the submission of a question 
upon which they desire to vote, and the referendum describes the process by 
which they act upon a question submitted. In each new charter the power of 
the people is increased. Limitations are placed upon the legislative power and 
new questions are submitted to popular vote. It is now necessary almost every- 
where to submit to the people of a city the question of issuing bonds. The 
movement in favor of submitting franchises also is an irresistable one, and the 
time will come when it will be impossible for councilmen to sell franchises in 
return for money paid themselves. 

"Switzerland is probably the most democratic country in the world. There 
the initiative and referendum are employed by both the federal government and 
by the local sub-divisions, and the government is completely responsive to the 
will of the people. In order to formulate a party ideal, we must have a theory 
of government as a basis, and in this country the fundamental principle of 
government is that the people have a right to have what they want in legis- 
lation I made this statement in a lecture in Michigan and one of the audience 
took issue with me. He said that I ought to amend the statement and say that 
the people have a right to have what they want, provided they want what is 
right. I asked him who would decide the question of right. And he had to 
admit that at last the dicision lay with the people. Constitutions place limita- 
tions upon legislatures and upon the people themselves, but the constitutions 
are made by the people and can be changed by the people. The only escape from 
the rule of the majority is the rule of the minority, and if a majority make 
mistakes, would not a minority also? But mistakes made by a majority will 
be corrected when they are discovered, while mistakes made by a minority in 
power may not be corrected if the mistake is pecuniarily advantageous to those 
in power. The revolutions that have from time to time shaken the world have 
been caused largely by the refusal of the minority to correct mistakes beneficial 
to those who make the mistakes but injurious to the people at large. Bearing 
in mind the right of the people to deliberately fix the means by which they will 
express themselves, and their right to place limitations upon themselves, so that 
they can not act hastily or under sudden impulse, I repeat that the people have 
a right to have what they want in legislation. If they want a high tariff they 
have a right to it; if they want a low tariff, they have a right to it. They have 
a right to the gold standard if they want it; and the have a right to the double 
standard if they desire that; or, if they prefer, they can demonetize both gold 
and silver and substitute some other kind of money. If gold and silver furnish 
too much money, they can strike down one; if the remaining metal still 
furnishes too much, they can strike that down and substitute something scarcer. 
Ever since the discovery of radium, of which it is said there are but two pounds 
in the world, I have been fearful that an attempt would be made to make it 
the standard money or the country. But if the people decide to demonetize both 



260 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gold and silver and substitute radium I will still insist that they have the right 
to do it. And if they decide to give Morgan one pound and Rockefeller the 
other, I shall still stand with the people and watch Rockefeller and Morgan 
while they use the money. 

"The people have a right to have trusts if they want them. They have a 
right to have one trust, a hundred trusts, or a thousand, and they also have a 
right to kill every private monopoly. 

NO EXCUSE FOR FRAUD. 

"If the people have a right to have what they want, then the duty of the 
party is plain. It is to present to the people a code of principles and policies 
to be acted upon by them. Who can defend the practice of deception upon the 
voters? Who can justify the winning of a victory by false pretense? Who can 
excuse a fraud upon the people? No one can defend a party ideal that does not 
require honesty in party contests. The policy of the party must be determined 
by the voters of the party, and he must have a low conception of political ethics 
who would seek by stealth to give to the minority of the party the authority 
that belongs to the majority. And so he must have a low conception of political 
ethics who would seek to secure for a minority of the people the authority that 
belongs to a majority. I want my party to write an honest platform, dealing 
candidly with the questions at issue; I want to nominate a ticket composed of 
men who conscientiously believe in the principles of the party as enunciated, 
and then I want the party to announce to the country. These are our princi- 
ples; these are our candidates. Elect them and they will carry out the princi- 
ples for which they stand; they will not under any circumstances betray the 
trust committed to their keeping. This is the ideal that the democratic party 
ought to have, and it is an ideal high enough for every party. 

"There is this difference between the ideal and other things of value, 
namely, that an ideal cannot be patented or copyrighted. We often, see things 
that we cannot hope to possess, but there is no ideal Jiowever high that cannot 
be ours if we desire it. The highest ideal of human life that this woi'ld has 
ever known was that furnished by the man of Gallilee. But he was an ideal 
within the comprehension of the fisherman of his day, and the Bible says of Him 
that the common people heard Him gladly. So with a high party ideal. It can 
be comprehended by all the members of the party, and it can be adopted by 
every party. If we can fight out political battles upon this plane, there is no 
humiliation about defeat. 1 have passed through two presidential campaigns, 
and many have rejoiced over my defeats, but if events prove that my defeats 
have been good for this country, I shall rejoice over them myself more than any 
opponent has rejoiced. And when I say this I am not unselfish, for it is better 
for me that my political opponents should bring good to my country than that I 
should by any mistake of mine bring evil. Senator Hill of Georgia once said: 
"'Who saves his country saves himself and all things saved do bless him; 
who lets his country die, lets all things die, dies himself ignobly and all things 
dying curse him' 

"This is my country. I want good government while I live; I want to leave 
a good government as a priceless legacy to my children, and if my political 
opponents can devise for my country, my children and myself a better govern- 
ment than I can devise, they are not my enemies, but my friends. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 261 



NATION MUST HAVE AN IDEAL. 
"Not only must the party have an ideal, but the nation must also have its 
ideal, and it is the ideal of this nation that has made it known throughout the 
world. You will find in foreign lands who do not know our population or the 
number of acres under our flag. You will find people who do not know how 
many cattle we raise or how much corn or cotton we export, but you will not 
find people anyv/here who have not some conception of the nation's ideal. This 
ideal has been a light shining out unto all the world and its rays have illumined 
the shores of every land. We have boasted of this ideal in the past, and it must 
not be lowered now. We followed this ideal in dealing with Cuba. It was my 
good fortune to be in Cuba on the day when the foi'mal transfer took place, and 
I never was more proud of my nation in my life than I was on the 20th day of 
May, 1902, when this great republic rose superior to a great temptation, recog- 
nized the inalienable rights of Cuba and secured to them the fruits of a victory 
for which they had struggled and sacrificed for more than a generation. We 
hauled down the flag, it is true, and in its place they raised the flag of the Cuban 
republic, but when we lowered the flag we raised it higher than it ever was 
before, and when we brought it away we left it enshrined in the hearts of a 
grateful people. 

LET FLAG STAND FOR JUSTICE. 

"Is it the desire of any simply to make our flag feared? Let us rather make 
it loved by every human being. Instead of having people bow before it, let us 
have them turn their faces toward it and thank God that there is one flag that 
stands for human rights and for the doctrine of self-government everywhere. 
There are some who say that we must now have the largest navy in the world 
In order to terrorize other nations and make them respect us. But if we make 
our navy the largest in the world, other nations will increase their navies 
because we have increased ours, and then we will have to increase ours again, 
because they have increased theirs, and they will have to increase theirs again 
because we have increased ours — and their is no limit to this rivalry, but the 
limit of the power of the people to bear the burdens of taxation. There is a 
better, a safer and a less expensive plan. Instead of trying to make our navy 
the largest in the world, let us try to make our government the best government 
on earth. Instead of trying to make our flag float everywhere, let us make it 
stand for justice wherever it floats — for justice between man and man, for 
justice between nation and nation, and for humanity always. And then the 
people of the world will learn to know and to revere that flag, because it will be 
their protection as well as ours. And then if any king raises his hand against 
our flag the oppressed people of his own land will rise up and say to him, 
'Hands off. That flag stands for our rights as well as the rights of the Ameri- 
can people.' It is possible to make our flag represent such an ideal. We shall 
not fulfill our great mission, we shall not live up to our highest duty unless 
we present to the world the highest ideals in individual life, in domestic life, 
in business life, in professional life, in political life — and the highest national 
ideal that the world has ever known." 

COMMODORE PERRY'S LANDING IN JAPAN. 

Story of Commodore Perry's Landing in Japan, over half centuary ago, and 
his success in securing a treaty with that isolated country, which opened it to 
trade with the United States and the world. This was the beginning of 



262 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



Japan's civilization: and as her recent war with Russia, places her in the fore- 
most rank ol civilized nations, the history leading up to the treaty, at this time 
will, no doubt, be interesting. 

The day appointed for the reception of a reply from Yedo, (Tuesday, July 12, 
1S53) had now arrived. Accordingly, at about halt past nine o'clock in the 
morning, three boats were seen to approach the steamer Susquehanna from the 
shores of Uraga. These were different from the usual government craft, and 
seemed, unlike the others, to be built after an European model; the rowers sa( 
to their oars and moved them as our boatmen do, though somewhat awkwardly, 
instead of standing and sculling at the sides, in accordance with the usual 
Japanese practice. The construction of the boats was evidently very strong, 
and their models fair. Their masts, sails, and rigging were of the ordinary 
Japanese fashion. The crews were numerous, there being thirty in the largest 
boat, and thirteen in each of the others, and their swarthy frames were clothed 
in the usual uniform of loose blue dresses slashed with white stripes. 

Ihe boat in advance was distinguished, in addition to the government mark 
of a horizontal black stripe, across her broad sail, by the black and white flag, 
which indicated the presenceof some officers of distinction, and such in fact were 
now on board of her. As she approached nearer to the ship, the governor, 
Kayama Yezaiman, in his rich silken robes, was recognized, seated on mats 
spread in the centre of the deck of the vessel, and surrounded by his interpreters 
and suite. 

The advance boat now came alongside, leaving the other two floating at some 
distance from the Susquehanna. His highness, Kayama Yezaiman, with his two 
mterpreters, Hori Tatznoske, the principal, and Fatcisko Tokushumo, his second, 
were admitted at once on board, and, having been received with due formality, 
were ushered into the presence of Captains Buchanan and Adams, who were pre- 
pared to communicate with them. 

The Commodore had, previously to the arrival of the governor, written the 
following letter to the Emperor: — 

United States Steam Frigate Susquehanna^ 
Uraga, July 12, 1853. 

The Commander-in-chief of the United States naval forces in these seas, 
being invested with full powers to negotiate treaties, is desirous of conferring 
with one of the highest officers of the Empire of Japan, in view of making, 
arrangements for the presentation of the original of his letter of credence, a& 
also the original of a letter with which he is charged, addressed to his Imperial 
Majesty by the President of the United States. 

It is hoped that an early day will be appointed for the proposed interview. 

To his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Japan. 

The govermor's first statement was to the effect that there had been a misap- 
prehension as to the delivery of the translations of the papers before the 
originals had been received. Although the Commodore was certain that there 
had been no such misunderstanding, nevertheless he, on the second interview 
in the course of the afternoon, consented, after much discussion, to deliver the 
translations and originals, as also a letter from himself to the Emperor, at the 
same time, provided the letter should appoint a suitable officer to receive them 
directly from the hands of the Commodore, who repeated that he would consent 
to present them to no other than a Japanese dignitary of the highest rank. The 
sovernor then said that a building would be erected on shore for the reception 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 26c 



of the Commodore and his suite, and that a high official personage, specially 
appointed by the Emperor, would be in attendance to rpceive the letters. He, 
however, added that no answer would be given in the bay of Yedo, but that it 
would be transmitted to Nagasaki, through the Dutch or Chinese superinten- 
dents. This being reported to the Commodore, he wrote the following memoran- 
dum and directed it to be translated into Dutch, and fully explained to the 
governor: — 

"The Commander-in-chief will not go to Nagasaki, and will receive no 
communication through the Dutch or Chinese. 

"He has a letter from the. President of the United States to deliver to the 
Emperor of Japan, or to his secretary of foreign affairs, and he will deliver the 
original to none other; if this friendly letter of the President to the Emperor 
is not received and duly replied to, he will consider his counti-y insulted, and 
will not hold himself accountable for the consequences. 

"He expects, a reply of some sort in a few days, and he will receive such 
reply nowhere but in this neighborhood." (Bay of Uraga.) 

"When this was communicated to the governor, he took his departure, 
probably to consult some higher authority, as doubtless there was more than 
one high officer of the court at Uraga, secretly directing the negotiations. The 
interview had lasted three hours, and it was fully one o'clock before the governor 
left the ship. All passed in the most quiet way without interruption to the 
usual courtesies of friendly negotiation. The shore showed every indication 
of tranpuillity, and no movement was observed on the part of the fortresses or 
the many government boats along the shore. 

The governor, in accordance with his promise on leaving in the morning, 
returned in the afternoon, accompanied, as usual, by his interpreters and suite. 
He came off, however, in one of the ordinary .Japanese boats, and not, as eaiiier 
in the day, in the vessel built after the European model. Captains Buchanan 
and Adams Mere in readiness to receive the party, and resumed the renewed 
conference witn tne same form and ceremony as before; the Commodore still 
pieserving his seclusion and communicating with the Japanese only through 
others. The conversation is here given as reported. 

CONVERSATION. 

Present Captains Bucnanan and Adams, Lieutenant Contee, Flag Lieutenant, 
and Yezaiman, governor of -Uraga, and interpreters. 

Yezaiman. As it will take a great deal of time to send up the copies of the 
letters first, and the originals afterwards, I promise that the originals and the 
copies be delivered together, when the high officer comes. The governor and the 
high officer will do their best to entertain the Admiral and give him a suitable 
reception. 

Capt. Buchanan. This is not the object of the Commodore: he wishes 
these communications to go because there is among them a letter to the Emperor 
from himself, which he desires to send to Yedo with the copies. The reply to 
the President's letter is not of so much consequence just now. We want a reply 
to the Commodore's letter which is in the package. 

Yesaiman. If you send the original letter, we will reply to it as soon as 
possible. We are here for the purpose of receiving the letter from the President 
to the Emperor, but now you speak of a letter from the Admiral to the Emperor. 

Capt. B. The letter from the Admiral is in the package containing the 
copies of the President's letter. It states he has in his possession the original 



264 HISTORY OF THE STATE OP IOWA. 



letter of the President, and is empowered by the President to deliver it in person 
to the Emperor, or to a high officer of equal rank with himself, appointed by 
the Emperor. 

Yezaiman. We are very sorry that you separate the two; it would be better 
to send the originals at once with the copies. 

Capt. B. That is impossible. The letter of the Admiral states that he has 
the original letter of the President, and is empowered to deliver it, either in 
person or to an officer of his own rank; when the emporer is aware of the fact 
that the Admiral has the letter, then he will appoint an officer of the same 
rank to receive the original, and the Admiral will return at some future day to 
receive the answer. 

Yezaiman. Can you not contrive to manage it in such a way that the 
original letter may be sent with the copies? 

Capt. B. It cannot be done. 

Yezaiman. When the ships first came, it was not mentioned that the copies 
must be sent first, and not the original letters; and now you mention it. 

Capt. B. During the first visit you made here, you were shown the original 
letters, and also the copies, and the same statement was then made by us as 
now. — (After a pause Captain B. resumed.) — Will the high officer who will come 
here be accredited by the Emperor to receive the letters from the Admiral? 

Yezaiman. He has the authorization of the Emperor. 

Capt. B. Will he have any proof to show that he is thus authorized? 

Yezaiman. Yes, he can prove it. 

Capt. B. One of the letters of the President, informing the Emperor of 
Japan that Commodore Perry is sent as a high officer appointed by himself 
and Commodore Perry will expect similar credentials on the part of the officer 
to speak with him. 

Yezaiman. He will receive the letter, but cannot enter into any negotia- 
tion^ 

Capt. B. What is the rank and official title of the officer who is appointed? 
— (While the interpreter is writing the title of the officer in question, in Chinese 
characters, Captains Buchanan and Adams retire to consult with the Commo 
dore.) 

Lieutenant Contee. When will the high officers be ready to receive the 
letter? 

Interpreter. To-morrow or the day after. 

Lieut. C. Where is the house? 

Interpreter. On the shore. 

Lieut. C. Can you point it out from here? 

Interpreter. It cannot be seen. 

Lieut. C. (repeating his last question.) Can yon point it out fromhere? 

Interpreter. It is on the other side of the hills; yon can see it from anotlier 
position. 

Lieut. C. What was the name of the officer who came on board on the day 
of our arrival? 

Interpreter. Nagazhima Saberoske. 

Captain Buchanan. Captain Adams and I have just had a conversation with 
Admiral.* He says that, since you appear to have wholly misunderstood the 
matter about the letter, if you can show proof that an officer of the proper rank 
is appointed to receive them, he will waive the matter in dispute, and deliver 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 265 



the originals at the same time with the copies. But he requires strict evidence 
that the officer who shall meet him shall be of the necessary rank, and that he 
has been specially appointed for the purpose by the Emperor. 

Yezaiman. Nagasaki is the proper place to receive letters from foreign 
nations, and because Uraga is not an appropriate place, the officer will not be 
allowed to converse, but only to receive the letters. 

Capt. B. He is only desired to receive the letters. Will he come on board, 
or will the letters be delivered on shore? 

Yezaiman. He will come on board, but will receive them on shore. 

Capt. B. Before the letters are delivered, the credentials of the officer must 
be translated into Dutch, signed with the proper signatures, and sent on board 
to the Admiral. 

Yezaiman. He will be credited to receive the letter, but cannot speak. 

Yezaiman. He will have a document properly signed. 

(Captain Buchanan now directed Mr. Portman to write in Dutch the declara- 
tion he had made, and to give it to the interpreter. The following is in the 
English version: "There has been a great deal of misunderstanding about re- 
ceiving the original letter and the translated copies, whether to be received 
together or separately. The Admiral now is willing to meet a high officer of 
Yedo, holding rank in Japan corresponding to the rank of Admiral in the United 
States, This officer shall be accredited, namely, posses a writing properly signed 
by the Emperor, authorizing him to receive the said letters. Of this writing 
or letter of credence shall be made a copy, translated into Dutch, and the same 
copy be translated to the Admii'al before the interview takes place. 

"At this interview there shall be no discussion whatever; no more than an 
exchange of civilities and compliments. 

"The Admiral does not insist upon receiving an answer to the original letter 
of the President immediately, but will come back for that purpose after some 
months." 

Yesaiman. The high officer will not be allowed to speak on the matter; only 
to make and return compliments. 

Capt. B. That is all that is necessary. 

Yesaiman. The high officer will be here the day after to-morrow, to receive 
the letter on shore. 

Capt. B. At what hour? 

Yezaiman. At eight o'clock in the morning. As soon as we see the flag 
hoisted, we will come on board the ship. 

Capt. B. AVill the high officer bring the copy of the letter empowering him 
to act, properly certified. 

Yezaiman. He will bring it. 

Interpreter. The governor is very grateful for his kind reception on board. 

Capt. B. We are very glad to see him. Where is the place of reception? 

Interpreter. I can point out the place, but the house cannot be seen. 

Yezaiman. Will the Admiral await the Emperor's answer to the President's 
letter? 

Capt. B. No: the Admiral will not wait for it. 

Yezaiman. When will he come for a reply? 

Capt. B. He will return in a few months to receive the Emperor's reply. 

Yezaiman. I would desire a statement in writing to that effect. (There 
being no satisfactory answer to this, Yezaiman continued.) The high officer 



266 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

who receives the letter or' the President will give a receipt for it, as an assurance 
that it has been received. 

Capt. B. Can yon not appoint a place nearer the ship? The distance is 
very lor the men to pull in a boat. The Admiral will be satisfied to meet the 
high officer in a tent, or in one of the forts nearer the ships. The interview will 
not be long. 

Interpreter. The house is not far off; it is less than a Japanese mile. 
Capt. B. Can you not arrange to have it nearer the ships? 

Interpreter. The governor says he will endeavor to arrange it. 

CaptB. Can you let us know to-morrow morning? 

Interpreter. Yes. 

The conference here ended. 

Kayama Yezaiman and his companion seemed to be in the highest good 
humor, and readily availed themselves of the pi'offered courtesies of the officers 
of the Susquehanna, which were accepted and responded to in a manner indi- 
cating the most polished good breeding. In receiving the hospitalities of their 
hosts, it may be remarked that they partook freely, and seemed to relish parti- 
cularly the whisky and brandy which formed part of the entertainment. The 
governor especially appeared to appreciate the foreign liquors, particularly 
when mixed with sugar, and smacked his lips with great gusto, as he drained 
his glass to its last sweetened dregs. His interpreters, in the growing freedom 
of convival enjoyment, made merry over his highness' bacchanalian proclivity, 
and, laughingly expressing their alarm, lest Yezaiman should take a drop too 
much remarked, "His face is already growing red." 

Though always perserving a certain gentlemanly aplomp and that self- 
cultivated manner which bespeaks high breeding, these Japanese dignitaries 
were disposed to be quite social, and shared freely and gayly in conversation. 
Nor did their knowledge and general information fall short of their elegance 
of manners and amiability of disposition. They were not only well-bred, but 
not ill-edticated, as they were proficent in Dutch, Chinese, and Japanese langua- 
ges, and not unacquainted with the general principles of science and of the 
facts of the geography of the world. When a terrestial globe was placed before 
them, and their attention was called to the delineation on it of the United 
States, they immediately placed their fingers on Washington and New York, 
as if perfectly familiar with the fact that one was the capital, and the other 
the commercial metropolis of our country. They also, with equal promptitude, 
pointed out England, France, Denmark, and other kingdoms of Europe. Their 
inquiries in reference to the United States showed them to be entirely ignorant 
of the facts connected with the material progress of our country; thus, when 
they asked if roads were not cut through mountains, they referring (as was 
supposed) to tunnels on our railroads. And this supposition was confirmed 
on the interpreter's asking, as they examined the ship's engine, whether it was 
not a similar machine, although smaller, which was used for traveling on the 
American roads. They also inquired whether the canal across the isthmus 
was yet finished, alluding'- to the Panama railroad which was then in process 
of construction. They knew, at any rate, that labor was being performed to 
connect the two oceans, and called it by the name souiothing they had seen, 
a canal. 

After refreshments t.nd conversation in the cabin, Yesaiman and his inter- 
preters were invited to inspect the ship, an offer which they accepted with 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 267 

great politeness, and a-3 they came upon deck, notwithstanding thei'e were 
crowds of officers and men aiound who could scarce repress the manifestation 
■of theircuriosity, the Japanese never for a moment lost their self-possession, 
hut showed the utmost composure and quiet dignity of manner. They evinced 
an intelligent interest in all the various arrangements of the vessel, observed 
the big gun and rightly styled it a "Paixhan," exhibited none of that surprise 
which would naturally be expected from those who were beholding for the 
firsi time the wonderful art and mechanism of a perfect steamship. TTie 
engine evidently was an object of great interest to them, but the interest 
showed that they were not entirely unacquainted with its principles. Much 
of this cool but not unobservant composure may Iiave been affected, in accor- , 
dance with a studied policy, but yet there can be no doubt that, however 
backv/ard the Japanese themselves may be in practical science, the best 
educated among them are tolerably well informed of its progress among more 
civilized or rather cultivated nations. 

On leaving the cabin, the Japanese dignitaries had left their swords behind, 
two of which are always worn by those of certain rank in the empire. This 
gave an opportunity for inspection, on the part of the curious, of these badges 
of authority, which seemed to be, in accordance with their purpose, more suited 
for show than service. The blades, however, were apparently of good steel 
and temper, and highly polished, although their shape as well as that of their 
hilts, without a guard, was awkwardly constructed for use. The mountings 
were of pure gold, and the scabbards of shark's skin, remarkably well manu- 
factured. The visit of the governor was prolonged into the evening; and it 
was seven o'clock before he took his departure, when he and his interpreters 
left tile ship with their usual courtesies, bowing at every step, and smiling in 
an amiable yet dignified manner. They were evidently favorably impressed 
with their reception and all they had seen. The studied politeness which 
marked their intercourse with out officers was evidently not assumed for the 
occasion, for it is so habitual with them that in their ordinary relations with 
each other they preserve the same stately courtesy ; and it was observed that 
no sooner had Yesaiman and his interpreters entered their boat alongside the 
Susquehanna than they commenced saluting each other as formally as if they 
had met for the ilrst time and were passing through ceremonials of a personal 
introdustion. While these scenes were in transaction on board, the boats of 
the squadron sent out by Commodore were kept busy all day sounding and 
observing, as on previous occasions. 

The next day was Wednesday (July 13,) and the visit of the governor was 
naturally expected at an early hour, in fulfilment of his promise. There was, 
however, no indication through the morning of his coming, and everything 
remained in a state of tranquil expectation. There seemed to be some little 
movement on the part of the authorities, as far as could be gathered from an 
observation of the rreighboring land. From the opposite shores numerous 
vessels, loaded with soldiers, crossed to the Uraga side, and a large junk with 
the usual government flag and insignia put into the harbor. The brisk trade 
of the bay was carried on as usual, and Japanese boats, both large and small, 
were moving up and down in constant circulation. The various towns and 
villages grouped about the bay were thus interchanging their elements of life, 
and, stimulated into commercial activity by the throb from the busy heart of 



268 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the great city, poui-ed into Yedo their overflowing abundance. There were no 
less than sixty-seven junl?s counted as passing up the bay during the single day. 

The weather continued warm, with the theremoneter indicating as high a 
point as <S7 degrees, but the heat was tempered by an agreeable sea breeze. 
The view ot the shores was much observed at times by the haze which is said 
to be so prevalent on the .Japanese coast; but in the experience of the squadron 
the weather hitherto had been remarkably clear, and this day was the foggiest 
that had been seen since the ships arrived in the bay. Nothing could be seen 
of the great landmark, — the lofty peak of Fusi, — which, by the way, was 
generally more plainly visible toward the evening than during the day, and 
was often observed beautifully distinct at sunset, when Its summits would glow 
with a rich halo of crimson light. 

The expected visit of the governor occurred at last, at about four o'clock 
in the afternoon. His highness Kayama Yezaiman, accompained, as usual, by 
his first and second interpreters, presented himself, with a thousand apolo- 
gies for not having come earlier, as the high officer from Yedo had but just 
just arrived. The apologies having been made, the governor exhibited the 
original order of the Emperor, addressed to the functionary who had been 
appointed to receive the Commodore. The Emperor's letter was short, and 
was certified by a large seal attached to it. This imperial epistle, which was 
wrapped in velvet, and inclosed in a box made of sandal-wood, was treated by 
the governor with such reverence that he would allow no one to touch it. A 
copy of it in Dutch, and a certificate verifying the authenticity of the docu- 
ment, and of the Emperor's seal attached thei'eto, given under the hand of 
Kayama Yezaiman, the governor, were also presented. The translations were 
as follows: — 

Translation of letter of credence given by the Emperor of .Japan to his highness, 

Toda, Prince of Idzu. 

I aend you to [Traga to receive the letter of the President of the United 
States to me, which letter has recently been brought to Uraga by the Admiral, 
upon receiving which you will proceed to Yedo, and take the same to me. 

(Here is Emperor's seal) 

Sixth month in 1853. 
Translations of Certificate of Kayama Yezaiman, Governor of Uraga, verifying 
the authenticity of the Emperor's letter and seal. 

You can rest assured that the high officer who has been accredited by the 
Emperor of Japan himself, and who consequently comes here to Uraga from 
Yedo for the purpose of receiving the original and translated letters, is of a 
very high rank, equal to that of the Lord Admiral. I do assure that. 

KAYAMA YEZAIMAN. 

The governor, in the course of the conference, took care to state that the 
person appointed by the Emperor had no authority to enter into discussions 
with vhe Commodore, but was merely empowered to receive the papers and 
convey them to his sovereign. He also stated that he had made injury as to 
the practncability of changing the place of meeting, and said that, as a suit- 
able building had been erected, it would be inconvenient to change. The 
Commodore was prepared for this reply, and, as he could not know whether 
any threachery was intended or not, he had determined to provide, as far as he 
could, against every contingency, and had therefore ordered the surveying 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 269 

party to examine the little bay at the head of which the building had been 
erected for his reception. The officers sent upon this service promptly per- 
formed the duty, and reported the ships could be brought within gunshot of 
the place, where great numbers of the people had been observed employed in 
the completion of the building, in transporting furniture, and in otherwise pre- 
paring for the occasion. 

Ihe governor offered to accompany a boat to the place appointed for the 
reception, but this was declined, and he was informed that as it did not befit 
the dignity of the Commodore to proceed a long distance in a small boat, the 
squadron would be removed to a position nearer the building designed for the 
reception. It was then agreed that the Commodore and his party should leave 
the ships between eight and nine o'clock the next day, ( Thursday >, although 
the Japanese seemed particularly anxious that the interview should take place 
at an early hour, assigned as a reason that the heat of the day might thus 
be avoided. 

The question was now asked as to how many officei's would accompany 
the Commodore on the occasion, to which they received the answer that he 
would be followed by a large retinue, since it was the custom of the United 
States, when an officer of high rank bears a communication from the President 
to the sovereign of another country, for him to go with such an attendance as 
will be respectful to the power to which he is sent. Accordingly, the governor 
was informed that all the officers who could be spared from the squadron 
would accompany the Commodore, as the greater number would imply the 
greater compliment. 

In the course of the conference the .Japanese dignitaries showed their great 
regard for ceremony by adverting to various mintite points of etiquette in 
i-eference to the approaching reception. They announced that all the Japanese 
officers would be clothed in full official costume, and not in the dresses worn 
on ordinary occasions. They seemed to be considerably troubled because they 
Avould not be able to seat their visitors, on the morrow, in the same kind of 
arm-chair as that then occupied by themselves in the cabin, and apologized 
for not having such. They were less anxious on the score of the wines and 
brandies, and begged that they might be excused for not offering the same as 
they had been regaled with, since the country did not possess them. They 
were told to dismiss their solicitude on these points; that, as the practice of 
hospitality, and manners and customs necessarily differed in different countries, 
it was not reasonable to expect to find American habits prevailing in Japan; 
and that the Commodore would be satisfied to be seated in the same manner 
as the dignitary appointed to meet him, while the other American officers 
would content themselves with such seats as were provided for their equals 
in rank among the Japanese. 

They then made some inquiries in regard to the minute details of the 
approaching ceremony, as to whether the Commodore would present the Presi- 
dent's letter directly from his own hand into that of the Japanese commis- 
sioner, whose name and title, by the way, were now announced as Toda-Idzu- 
no-Kami. First Counsellor of the Empire. 

It was asked whether the Commodore would immediately return to his ship 
after delivering the letter, and also when he would come back to Japan to 
receive an answer. The Chinese interpreter, Mr. Williams, showed them a 
map or plan of Yedo, which they said must have been drawn some seventy 



270 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



years ago, as the capital had changed much since the plan was made, having 
greatly increased in size, and much improved. They, however, recognized on 
the plan various places, and pointed them out very readily, as if politely willing 
to gratify the natural curiosity of their company. 

Tlie whole conference had lasted about two hours and a half, and when the 
Japanese functionaries rose to depart it was already evening. They left the 
ship with the usual polite coui'tesies, bowing, as usual, at every step; and the 
chief interpreter Hori Tatznoske, who had evidently a great aptitude for the 
asquisition of foreign languages, mustered English enough to say very dis- 
tinctly as he departed, "Want to go home." 

The Commodore, in preparing for the coming event of the next morning, 
summoned his captains, from the several vessels of the squadron, on board the 
flag-ship. Orders were then given that the vessels should be removed, early in 
the morning, to an anchorage in line, covering the whole bay, in front of the 
place of reception, as the Commodore was resolved to be prepared against any 
possible treachery or duplicity on the part of the people with whom he had to 
deal, and ss the object of the Japanese in the selection of this place of meeting 
was not very apparent to his mind. It was also ordered that all the officers 
who could possibly leave the ships should appear in full uniform, and accom- 
pany the Commodore to the reception, in order that he might present as impos- 
ing a retinue as practicable. The surveying boats had been kept busy during 
the daj, completing their observations, and were allowed to proceed with their 
work without any molestation from the native authorities. 

The Japanese seemed no less busy in active preparation for the morning's 
ceremony than the American's. Various government vessels sailed down the 
bay, and a large fleet of small boats arrived on the Uraga shore from the op- 
posite coast, evidently preparatory to the approaching occasion. A constant 
sound of hammers, intermingled with the noisy voices of Japanese laborers, 
arising as was supposed from the quarter where the building was in progress, 
disturbed the quiet of the night and was prolonged into the morning watches. 
All was busy preparing for the coming day. 

Thursday (July 14) opened with a sun that was somewhat obscured at 
early dawn, but which soon came out brightly and dispelled the fogs and clouds 
which overhung the land and seemed to give an inauspicious aspect to the 
occasion. As the atmosphere cleared and the shores were disclosed to view, 
the steady labors of the Japanese during the night were revealed in the showy 
effect on the Uraga shore. Ornamental screens of cloth had been so arranged 
as to give a more distinct prominence, as well as the appearance of greater size 
to the bastions and forts: and two tents had been spread among the trees. The 
screens were stretched tightly in the usual way upon posts of wood, and each 
interval between the posts was thus distinctly marked, and had, in the distance, 
the appearance of panelling. Upon these seeming panels wei'e emblazoned the 
the imperial arms, alternating with the device of a scarlet flower bearing large 
heart-shaped leaves. Flags and streamers, upon which were various designs 
represented in gray colors, hung from the several angles of the screens, while 
behind them thronged crowds of soldiers, arrayed in a costume which had not 
been before observed, and which was supposed to belong to high occasions only. 
The main portion of the dress was a species of frock of a dark color, with short 
skirts, the waists oi which were gathered in with a sash, and which was with 
out sleeves, the arms of the wearers being bare. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 271 

All on board the ships were alert from the earliest hour, making the nec- 
essary preparations. Steam was got up and the anchors were weighed that 
the ships might be moved to a position where their guns could command the 
place of reception. The sailing vessels, however, because of a calm, were unable 
to get into position. The officers, ceamen, and marines who were to accompany 
the Commodore were selected, and as large a number of them mustered as could 
possible be spared from the whole squadron. All, of course, were eager to bear 
a part in the ceremonies of the day, but all could not possibly go as a sufficient 
must be left to do ship's duty. Many of the officers and men were selected by 
lot, and when the full complement, which amounted to nearly three hundred, 
was filled np, each one busied himself in getting his person ready for the occa- 
sion. The officers, as had been ordered, were in full official dress, while the 
sailors and marines were in their naval and military uniforms of blue and white. 

Before eight hells in the morning watch had struck, the Susquehanna and 
Mississippi moved slowely down the bay. Simultaneously with this movement 
of our ships, six Japanese boats were observed to sail in the same direction, 
but more within the land. The government striped flag distinguished two of 
them, showing the presence of some high officials, while the others carried red 
banners, and were supposed to have on board a retinue of guard soldiers. On 
doubling the headland, which separated the former anchorage from the bay 
below, the preparations of the Japanese on the shore came suddenly into view. 
The land bordering the head of the bay was gay with a long stretch of painted 
screens of cloth, upon which was emblaboned the arms of the Emperor. Nine 
tall standards stood in the centre of an immense number of banners of divers 
lively colors, which were arranged on either side, until the whole formed a 
crescent of variously tinted flags, which fluttered brightly in the rays of the 
morning sun. From the tall standards were suspended broad pennons of rich 
scarlet which swept the ground with their flowing length. On the beach in 
front of this display were ranged regiments of soldiers, who stood in fixed order, 
evidently arrayed to give an appearance of martial force, that the Americans 
might be duly impressed with the military power of the Japanese. 

As the beholder faced the bay, he saw on the left of the village of Gori- 
Hama a straggling group of peak-roofed houses, built between the beach and 
the base of the high ground which ran in green acclivities behind and ascended 
from height to height to the distant mountains. A luxuriant valley or gorge, 
walled in with richly wooded hills, opened at the head of the bay, and breaking 
the uniformity of the curve of the shore, gave a beautiful variety to the land- 
scape. On the right some hundred Japanese boats, or more, were arranged in 
parallel lines along the margin of the shore, with a red flag flying at the stern 
of each. The whole effect, though not startling, was novel and cheerful, and 
everything combined to give a pleasing aspect to the picture. The day was 
bright, with a clear sunlight which seemed to give fresh vitality alike to the 
verdant hillsides and the gay banners and the glittering soldiery. Back from 
the beach, opposite the centre of the curved shore of the bay, the building, just 
constructed for the reception, rose in three pyramidal-shaped roofs, high above 
the surrounding houses. It was covered in front by striped cloth, which was 
extended in screens to either side. It had a new, fresh look, indicative of its 
recent erection, and with its peaked summits was not unlike, in the distance, 
a group of very large ricks of grain. 



272 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Two boats approached as the steamers neared the opening of the bay, and 
when the anchors were dropped they came alongside the Susquehanna. Kayama 
Yezaiman, with his two interpreters, came on board, followed immeadiately by 
Nagazima Saboroske and an officer in attendance, who had come in the second 
boat. They were duly received at the gangway and conducted to seats on the 
quarter deck. All were dressed in full official costume, somewhat different 
from their ordinary garments. Their gowns, though of the usual shape, were 
much more elaborately adorned. The material was of very rich brocade of gay 
colors, turned up with yellow velvet, and the whole dress was highly embroi- 
dered with gold lace in various figures, among which was conspicuously dis- 
played on the back, sleeves, and breast the arms of the wearer. Saboroske, the 
snb-governor of Uraga, wore a pair of very broad but very short trousers, which, 
Avhen his legs (which was not often the case) stood still and togetlier, looked 
very much like a slit petticoat, while below his nether limbs were partly naked 
and partly covered by black woolen socks. Saboroske, in spite of his elaborate 
toilette and his finery, all bedizened with gold thread, glossy silk, and gay 
colors, did not produce a very impressive effect, but by his comical appearance 
provoked mirth rather than admiration. He had, in fact, very much the appear- 
ance of an unusually brilliant knave of trumps. 

A signal was now hoisted from the Susquehanna as a summons for the 
boats from the other ships, and in their coursie of half an hour they had all 
pulled alongside with their various officers, sailoi's, and marines, detailed for 
the day's ceremonies. The launches and cutters numbered no less tlian fifteen, 
and presented puite an imposing array; and with all on board them, in proper 
uniform, a picturesque effect was not wanting. Captain Buchanan, having 
taken his place in his barge, led the way, flanked on either side by two Japanese 
boats containing the governor and vice-governor of Uraga with their respective 
suites; and these dignitaries acted as masters of ceremony and pointed out the 
course to the American flotilla,. The rest of the ships' boats followed after in 
order, with the cutters containing the two bands of the steamers, who enlivened 
the occasion with their cheerful music. 

The boats skimmed briskly over the smooth waters; for such was the skill 
and consequent rapidity of tlie Japanese scullers that our sturdy oarsmen were 
put to the mettle to keep up with their guides. When the boats had reached 
half-way to the shore, the thirteen guns of the Susquehanna began to boom 
away and re-echo among the hills. This announced the departure of the Com- 
modore, who, stepping into his barge, was rowed off to the land. 

The guides in the Japanese boats pointed to the landing place toward the 
centre of the curved shore, where a temporary wharf had been built out from 
the beach by means of bags of sand and straw. The advance boat soon touched 
the spot, and Captain Buchanan, who commanded the party, sprang ashore, 
being the first of the Americans who landed in the Kingdom of Japan. He was 
immediately followed by Major Zeilin, of the marines. The rest of the boats 
now pulled in and disembarked their respective loads. The marines (one hun- 
dred) marched up the warf and formed into line on either side, facing the sea; 
then came the hundred sailors, who were also ranged in rank and file as they 
advanced, while the two bands brought up the rear. The whole number of 
Americans, including sailors, marines, musicians, and officers, amounted to 
nearly three hundred ; no very formidable array, but still quite enough for a 
peaceful occasion, and composed of very vigorous, able-bodied men, who con- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 273 

trasted strongly with the smaller and more effeminate-looking Japanese. These 
latter had mustered in great force, the amount of which the governor of Uraga 
stated to be five thousand; but, seemingly, they far outnumbered that. Their 
line extended around the whole circuit of the beach, from the further extremity 
of the village to the abrupt acclivity of the hill which bounded the bay on the 
northern side; while an immense number of the soldiers thronged in, behind 
and under cover of the cloth screens which stretched along rear. The loose 
order oi this .Japanese army did not betoken any great degree of discipline. 
Tlie soldiers were tolerably well armed and equipped. Their Uniforms were 
very much like the ordinary Japanese dress. Their arms were swords, spears, 
and match-locks. Those in front were all infantry, archers and lancers; but 
large bodies of cavalry were seen behind, somewhat in the distance, as if held 
in reserve. The horses of these seemed of a fine breed, hardy, of good bottom, 
and brick in action; and these troopers, with their rich caparisons, presented 
at least a showy cavalcade. Along the base of the rising ground which ascended 
behind the village, and entirely in the rear of the soldiers, was a large number 
of the inhabitants, among whom there was quite an assemblage of women, who 
gazed with intense curosity, through the openings in the line of the military, 
jipon the stranger visitors from another hemisphere. 

On the arrival of the Commodore his suite of officers formed a double line 
along the landing place, and, as he passed up between, they fell into order be- 
hind them. The procession was then formed and took up its march toward the 
house of reception, the route to which was pointed out by Kayama Yezaiman 
and his interpreter, who preceeded the party. The marines led the way, and, 
the soldiers followed, the Commodore was duly escorted up the beach. The 
United States flag and the broad pennant were borne by two athletic seamen, 
who had been selected from the crews of the squadron on account of ^ their 
stalwart proportions. Two boys, dressed for the ceremony, preceded the Com- 
modore, bearing in an envelope of scarlet cloth the boxes which contained his 
credentials and the President's letter. These documents, of folio size, were 
beautifully written on vellum, and not folded, but bound in blue silk velvet. 
Each seal, attached by cords of interwoven gold and silk with pendant gold 
tassels, was encased in a circular box six inches in diameter and three in depth, 
wrought of pure gold. Each of the documents, together with its seal, was 
placed in a box of rosewood about a foot long, with lock, hinges, and mountings, 
all of gold. On enther side of the Commodore marched a tall, well-formed 
negro, who, armed to the teeth, acted as his personal guard. These blacks, 
selected for the occasion, were two of the best-looking fellows of their color 
that the squadron could furnish. All this, of course, was but for effect. 

The procession was obliged to make a somewhat circular movement to 
reach the entrance of the house of reception. This gave a good opportunity for 
the display of the escort. The building, which was but a short distance from 
the landing, was soon reached. In front of the entrance were two small brass 
canon, which were old and apparently of European manufacture; on either side 
were grouped a rather straggling company of Japanese guards, whose costume 
was different from that of the other soldiers. Those on the right were dressed 
in tunics, gathered in at the waist with broad sashes, and in full trousers of a 
gray color, the capacious width of which was drawn in at the knees, while their 
heads were bound with a white cloth in the form of a turban. They were armed 
with muskets upon which bayonets and flint-locks were observed. The guards 



^^^ VMOI dO a>LVXS HHX ^O AHOXSIH 

on the left were dressed in a rather dingy, brown-colored uniform turned up 
with yellow, and carried old-fashioned match-locks. 

The Commodore, having been escorted to the door of the house of reception, 
entered with his suite. The building showed marks of hasty erection, and the 
timbers and boards of pine wood were numbered, as if they had been fashioned 
previously and brought to the spot all ready to put together. The first portion 
of the structure entered was a kind of tent, principally constructed of painted 
canvass, upon which in various places the imperial arms was painted. Its area 
enclosed a space of nearly forty feet square. Beyond this entrance hall was 
an inner apartment to which a carpeted path led. The floor of the outer room 
was generally covered with white cloth, but through its centre passed a slip of 
red-colored carpet, which showed the direction to the interior chamber. This 
latter was entirely carpeted with red cloth, and was the state apartment of the 
building where the reception was to take place. Its floor was somewhat raised, 
like a dais, above the general level, and handsomely adorned for the occasion. 
Violet-colored hangings of silk and fine cotton, with the imperial coat-of-arms 
embroidered in white, hung from the walls which enclosed the inner room, on 
three sides, while the front was left open to the antechamber or outer room. 

As the Commodore and his suite ascended to the reception room, the two 
dignitaries who were seated on the left arose and bowed, and the Commodore 
and suite were conducted to the arm-chairs which had been provided for them 
on the right. The interpreters announced the names and titles of the high 
Japanese functionaries as Toda-Idzu-no-kami, Toda, prince of Idzu, and Ido- 
Iwamilnolkami, Ido, prince of Iwami. They were both men of advanced years, 
the former apparently about fifty, and the latter some ten of fifteen years older. 
Prince Toda was the better-looking man of the two, and the intellectual expres- 
sion of his large forehead and amiable look of his regular features contrasted 
very favorably with the more wrinkled and contracted and less intelligent face 
of his associate, the prince of Iwami. They were both very richly dressed, their 
garments being heavily silk brocade interwoven with elaborately wrought 
figures in gold and silver. 

From the beginning, the two princes had assumed an air of statuesque 
formality which they presei-ved during the whole interview, as they never 
spoke a word, and rose from their seats only at the entrance and exit of the 
Commodore, when they made a grave and formal bow. Yezaiman and his inter- 
preters acted as masters of ceremony during the occasion. On entering, they 
took their positions at the upper end of the room, kneeling down beside a large 
lacquered box of scarlet, supported by feet, guilt or of brass. 

For some time after the Commodore and his suite had taken their seats 
there was a pause of some minutes, not a word being uttered on either side. 
Tatznoske, the principal interpreter, was the first to break the silence, which 
he did by asking Mr. Portman, the Dutch interpreter, whether the letters were 
ready for delivery, and stating that the Prince Toda was prepared to receive 
them; and that the scarlet box at the upper end of the room was prepared as 
the receptacle for them. The Commodore, upon this being communicated to 
him, beckoned to the boys who stood in the lower hall to advance, when they 
immediately obeyed his summons and came forward, bearing the handsome 
boxes which contained the President's letter and other documents. The two 
stalwart negroes followed immediately in the rear of the boys, and, marching 
up to the scarlet receptacle, received the boxes from the hands of the bearers. 



' HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 275 

opened them, took out the letters, and, displaying the writing and seals, laid 
them upon the lid of the Japanese box— all in perfect silence. The President's 
letter, the Commodore,s letter of credence, and two communications fi'om the 
Commodore to theBmperor are here given. A third letter from him has already 
been presented on a previous page. All these, however, accompanied the letter 
from the President and were dlivered at the same time with it. 
Millard Fillmore, President of the United States of America, to his Imperial 
Majesty, the Emperor of Japan. 
Great and Good Friend: I send you this public letter by Commodore 
Matthem C. Perry, an officer of the highest rank in the navy of the United 
States, and commander of the squadron now visiting your imperial majesty's 
dominions. 

I have directed Commodoi'e Perry to assure your inperial majesty that I 
entertain the kindest feelings toward your majesty's person and government^ 
and that I have no other object in sending him to Japan but to propose to your 
imperial majesty that the United States and Japan should live in friendship 
and have commercial intercourse with each other. 

The Constitution and laws of the United States forbid all interference with 
the religious or political concerns of other nations. I have particularly charged 
Commodore Perry to abstain from every act which could possibly disturb the 
tranquillity of your imperial majesty's dominions. 

The United States of America reach from ocean to ocean, and our Territory 
of Oregon and State of California lie directly opposite to the dominions of your 
imperial majesty. Our steamships can go from California to Japan in eighteen 
days. 

Our great State of California produces about sixty millions of dollars in 
gold every year, besides silver, quicksilver, precious stones, and many other 
valuable articles. Japan is also a rich and fertile country, and produces many 
very valuable articles. Your imperial majesty's subjects are skilled in many 
of the arts. I am desirous that our two countries should trade with each other, 
for the benefit both of Japan and the United States. 

We know that the ancient laws of your imperial majesty's government do 
not allow of foreign trade, except with the Chinese and the Dwtch; but, as the 
state of the world changes and new governments are formed, it seems to be 
wise, froni time to time, to make new laws. There was a time when the ancient 
laws of your imperial majesty's government were first made. 

About the same time America, which is sometimes called the New World, 
was first discovered and settled by the Europeans. For a long time there were 
but a few people, and they were poor. They have now become quite numerous; 
their commerce is very extensive: and they think that if your imperial majesty 
were so far to change the ancient laws as to allow a free trade between the two 
countries it would be extremely benificial to both. 

If your imperial majesty is not satisfied that it would be safe altogether 
to abrogate the ancient laws which forbid foreign trade, they might be suspen- 
ded for five or ten years, so as to try the experiment. If it does not prove as 
beneficial as was hoped, the ancient laws can be restored. The United States 
often limit their treaties with foreign States to a few years, and then renew 
them or not, as they please. 

I have directed Commodore Perry to mention another thing to your imperial 
majesiy. Many of our ships pass every year from California to China; and 



276 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

great iiurnlDers of our people pursue the whale fishery near the shores of Japan. 
It sometimes happens, in stormy weather,, that one of our ships is wrecked on 
your imperial majesty's shores. In all such cases we ask, and expect our un- 
fortunate people should he treated with kindness, and that their pi'operty should 
be protected till we can send a vessel and bring them away. We are very much 
in eavnesr, in this. 

Commodore Perry is also directed by me to represent to your imperial 
majesty tliat we understand there is a great abundance of coal and provisions 
in the Empire of Japan. Our steamships, in crossing the gi'eat ocean, burn a 
great deal of coal, and it is not convenient to bring it all the way from America. 
We wish that our steamships and other vessels should be allowed to stop in 
Japan and supply themselves with coal, provisions, and water. They will pay 
for them in money, or anything else your imperial majesty's subjects may 
prefer; and we request your imperial majesty to appoint a convenient port, in 
the soutliern part of the Empire, where our vessels may stop for this purpose. 
We are very desirous of this. 

These are the only objects for which I have sent Commodore Perry, with 
a powerful squadron, to pay a visit to your imperial majesty's renowned city 
of Yedo: friendship, commerce, a supply of coal and provisions, and protection 
for our shipwrecked people. 

We have directed Commodore Perry to beg your imperial majesty's accep- 
tance of a few presents. They are of no great value in themselves; but some 
of them may serve as specimens of the articles manufactured in the United 
States, and they are intended as tokens of our sincere and respectful friendship. 
May the Almighty have your imperial majesty in His great and holy 
keeping! 

In witness wherof, 1 have caused the great seal of the United States to be 
hereunto affixed, and have subscribed the same with my name, at the City of 
Washington, in America, the seat of my government, on the thirteenth day of 
the month of November, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two. 

(Seal attached.) Your good friend, 

MILLARD FILLMORE. 
By the President: 

EDWARD EVERETT, 
Secretary of State. 



Commodore Perry to the Emperor. 

United States Steam Frigate Susquehanna, 
Off the Coast of Japan, July, 7, 1853. 

The undersigned, commander-in-chief of all the navel forces if the United 
States of America stationed in the East India, China, and Japan seas, has been 
sent by his government to this country, on a friendly mission, with ample 
powers to negotiate with the government of Japan touching certain matters 
which have been fully set forth in the letter of the President of the United 
States, copies of which, together with copies of the letter of credence of the 
undersigned, in the English, Dutch, and Chinese languages, are herewith trans- 
mitted. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 277 



The original of tlie President's letter, and of the letter of credence, pre- 
pared in a manner suited to the exalted station of your imperial majesty, will 
be presented by the undersigned in person, when it may please your majesty 
to appoint a day~^for his reception. 

The undersigned has been commanded to state that the President entertains 
the most friendly feelings toward Japan, but has been surprised and grieved 
to learn that when any of the people of the United States go, of their own 
accord, or are thrown by the perils of the sea, within the domain of your im- 
perial majesty, they are treated as if they were your worst enemies. 

The undersigned refers to the cases of the American ships Morrison, 
Lagoda, and Lawrence. 

With the Americans, as indeed with all Christian people, it is considered 
a saci'ed duty to receive with kindness, anji to succor and protect all, of what- 
ever nation, who may be cast upon their shores, and such has been the course 
of the Americans with respect to all Japanese stibjects who have fallen under 
their protection. 

The government of the United States desires to obtain from that of Japan 
some positive assurance that persons who may hereafter be shipwrecked on the 
coast of Japan, or driven by stress of weather into her ports, shall be treated 
with humanity. 

The tindersigned is commanded to explain to the Japanese that the United 
States are connected with no government in Europe, and that their laws do not 
interfere with the religion of their citizens, much less with that of other nations. 

That they inhabit a great country which lies directly between Japan and 
Europe, and which was discovered by the nations of Btirope about the same 
time that Japan herself was first visited by Europeans; that the portion of the 
American continent lying nearest to Europe was first settled by emigrants 
from that part of the world; that its population has rapidly spread through the 
country, tintil it has reached the shores of the Pacific Ocean; that we have now 
large cities, from which, with the aid of steam vessels, we can reach Japan in 
eighteen or twenty days; that our commerce with all this region of the globe 
is rapidly increasing, and the Japan seas will soon be covered with our vessels. 

Therefore, as the United States and Japan are becoming every day nearer 
and nearer to each other, the President desires to live in peace and friendship 
with your imperial majesty, but no friendship can long exist tinless Japan 
■ ceases to act toward Americans as if they were her enemies. 

However wise this policy may originally have been, it is unwise and im- 
practicable now that the intercourse between the two countries is so much more 
easy and rapid than it formerly was. 

The undersigned holds out all these arguments in the hope that the Japanese 
government will see the necessity of averting unfriendly collision between the 
two nations, by responding favorably to the propositions of amity, which are 
now made in all sincerity. 

Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived 
in these seas, though they are hourly expected; and the undersigned, as an 
evidence of his friendly intentions, has brought but four of the smaller ones, 
■designing, should it become necessary, to return to Yedo in the ensuing spring 
with a much larger force. 



278 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

But it is expected that the government of your imperial majesty will render 
such return unnecessary by acceding at once to the very reasonable and pacific 
overtures contained in the President's letter, and which will be further ex- 
plained by the undersigned on the first fitting occasion. 

With the most profound respect for your imperial majesty, and entertain- 
ing a sincere hope that you may long live to enjoy health and hapiness, the 
undersigned subscribes himself. 

M. C. PERRY, 
Commander-in-Chief of the United States Naval Forces 
in the East India, China, and Japan Seas. 
To His Imperial Majesty, 

the Emperor of Japan. 



Commodore Perry to the Emperor. 

United States Steam Frigate Susquehanna,. 
Uraga, Yedo Bay, July 14, 1853. 
It having been represented to the undersigned that the propositions sub- 
mitted through him to the government of Japan are of so much importance^ 
and involve so many momentous questions, that much time will be required to 
deliberate and decide upon their several bearings. 

The undersigned, in consideration thereof, declares himself willing to await 
a reply to these propositions until his return to Yedo Bay in the ensuing spring, 
when he confidently hopes that all matters will be amicably arranged, and to 
the satisfaction of the two nations. 

With profound respect, 

M. C. PERRY, 
Commander-in-Chief of the United States Naval Forces 
in the East India. China, and Japan Seas. 
To His Imperial Majesty, j 

the Emperor of Japan. 



LETTER OF CREDENCE TO COMMODORE PERRY. 

Millard Fillmore, President of the United States of America, to His Imperial 
Majesty the Emperor of Japan. 

Reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, prudence and ability 
of Matthew C. Perry, a captain in the navy of the United States, I have invested 
him with full power, forand in the name of the said United States, to meet and 
confer with any person or persons furnished with like powers on the part of 
jour imperial majesty, and with him or them to negotiate, conclude, and sign a 
convention or conventions, treaty or treaties, of and concerning the friendship,, 
commerce, and navigation of the two countries; and all matters and subjects 
connected therewith which may be interesting to the two nations, submitting 
the same to the President of the United States for his final ratification, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States. 

In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be 
hereunto aflixed. 

Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, the thirteenth day of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 279 



November, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, and of the 
independence or the United States of America the seventy-seventh. 

MILLARD FILLMORE. 

By the President; 

EDWARD EVERETT, 
Secretary of State. 
(Seal attached.) 

Accompanying the letters were translations of he same into the Chinese 
and Dutch languages. After the documents had been laid upon the lid of the 
imperial box, made as their receptacle, Mr. Portman, Dutch interpreter, by the 
Commodore's diiection, indicated to Tatznoske, the .Japanese interpreter, the 
characers of the various documents, upon which Tatznoske and Kayama Yezai- 
man, still kneeling, both bowed their heads. The latter, now rising, approached 
the Prince of Iwami, and, prostrating himself on his knees before him, received 
from his hands a roll of papers, with which he crossed over to the Commodore, 
and, again falling upon his knees, delivered it to him. The Dutch inerpreter 
now asked "what those papers were," to which it was answered, "They are the 
imperial receipt." The translation of it is as follows: 

TRANSLATION OF RECEIPT GIVEN BY THE PRINCES OF IDZU AND 
IWAMI TO COMMODORE PERRY. 

The letter of the President of the United States of North America, and copy, 
are hereby received and delivered to the Emperor. Many times it has been 
communicated thrt business relating to foreign countries cannot be transacted 
here in Uraga, but in Nagaski. Now it has been observed that the Admiral, in 
his Quality of ambassador of the President, would be insulted by it; the justice 
of this has been acknowledged; consequently, the above-mentioned letter is 
hereby received, in opposition to the Japanese law. 

Because the place is not designed to treat of anything from foreigners, so 
neither can conference nor entertainment take place. The letter being received, 
you will leave here. 

(Here follow fac-similes of signatures in .lapanese. ) 

The ninth of the sixth month. 

The above is a literal translation from the Dutch, in which languages the 
conferences were held, and into which the receipt of the chief councellors, the 
princes of Idzu and Iwami, was, daubtless, badly translated from the .Japanese 
by their interpreter. 

The following would probably be the connect translation: — 

"The letter of the President of the United States of North America, and 
copy, are hereby received, and will be delivered to the Emperor. 

"It has been many times intimated that business relating to foreign coun- 
tries cannot be transacted here in Uraga, but at Nagasaki; nevertheless, as it 
has been observed that the Admiral, in his quality of ambassador of the Presi- 
dent, would feel himself insulted by a refusal to receive the letter at this place, 
the justice of which has been acknowledge, the above-mentioned letter is hereby 
received, in opposition to the Japanese law. 

"As this is not a place wherein to negotiate with foreigners, so neither can 
conferences nor entertainments be held. Therefore, as the letter has been re- 
ceived, you can depart." 

After a silence of some few minutes the Commodore directed his interpre- 
ters to inform the Japanese that he would leave, with the squadron, for Lew 



2S0 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



Chew and Canton in two or three days, and to otfer the government his services, 
if it wished to send any despatches to those places. The Commodore also stated 
that it was his intention to return to Japan in the approaching spring, perhaps 
in April or May. Taznoske then asked the Dutch interpreter to repeat what he 
had said about the Commodore's leaving and returning, which he did, using the 
same words as before. Then the question was asked "whether the Commodore 
would return with allfour vessels." "Afl of them," answered the Commodore, 
"and probably more, as these are only a portion of the squadron." Allusion 
had been made to the revolution in China, and the interpreter asked its cause, 
without however, translating to the Japanese princes, to which the Commodore 
dictated the reply that "it was on account of the government." 

Yezairaan and Tatznoske now bowed, and, rising from their knees, drew the 
fastenings around the scarlet box, and, informing the Commodore's interpreter 
that there was nothing more to be done, passed out of the apartment, bowing 
to those on either side as they went. The Commodore now rose to take leave, 
and, as he departed, the two princes, still preserving absolute silence, also arose 
and stood until the strangers had passed from their presence. 

The Commodore and his suite were detained a short time at the entrance 
of the building waiting for their barge, whereupon Yezaiman and his interpre- 
ter returned, and asked some of the party what they were waiting for, to which 
they received the reply, "For the Commodore's boat." Nothing further was 
said. The whole interview had not occupied more than twenty to thirty 
minutes, and had been conducted with the greatest formality, though with the 
most perfect courtesy in every respect. 

The procession re-formed as before, and the Commodore was escorted to 
his barge, and, embarking, was rowed off toward his ship followed by the other 
American and the two Japanese boats which contained the governor of Uraga 
and his attendants, the bands meanwhile playing our national airs with great 
spiiit as the boats pulled off to the ships. While there was some delay in em- 
barking all the party, in consequence of the smallness of the landing place, 
which was now flanked by some sixty of seventy Japanese government boats, 
the soldiers took occasion to crowd in from various parts of the shore, either 
to satisfy their curiosity or to show a more formidable front; and it must be 
confessed that, had such been the desposition of the Japanese, there would 
have been no difficulty, with their large force, in completely hemming in the 
Americans. 

The opening of Japan to commercial relations with the world was effected 
by the United States; and the agent of our government in this epoch-making 
was Commodore Motthew Calbraith Perry, a chapter of whose official report is 
herewith published. 

Matthew Calbraith Perry was a younger brother of Oliver Hazard Perry, 
the hero of the battle of Lake Erie. He was born in Newport,R. I. (where a 
statue of him stande in Touro Park, close to the Old Mill,) April 10, 1794. He 
entered the navy as midshipman in 1809, serving under his brother and then 
under Commodore John Rodgers, and taking part in various naval engagements 
during the War of 1812, being made a lieutenant in 1813. In 1819 he convoyed 
the first colony of negroes from this country to Africa; and he selected the site 
of the future Monrovia. Throughout his life he was a dilligent student of 
sanitation, and influential in important reforms. For several years he was 
engaged in protecting American commerce from pirates in the West Indies and 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 281 

the Mediterranean. In 1829 he took John Randolph as envoy to the czar in the 
first American man-of-war to enter Russian waters; and he was offered high 
rank in the Russian navy by Nicholas, but declined. After farther naval 
exploits, he began in 1883 ten years of shore duty as master commandant at the 
Brooklyn navy yard; and the important results in naval science eaei-nd for him 
the title of "a chief educatoi- of the United States navy." He organized the 
Brooklyn Naval Lyceum, helped found the Naval Magazine, tabulated the action 
of the tides, organized the first steam service, and commanded the first steam 
war vessel of our navy. He studied the problems of ordnance and armor with 
most important results, introducing constructive changes of great moment in 
our navy. He did much to reform the light-house service. He commanded the 
squadron sent to Africa 1843 to enforce the Webster-Ashburton treaty; and in 
the Mexican War he had command of the fleet which co-operated with General 
Scott, successfully bombarding Vera Cruz. But his chief title to fame lies in 
his remarkably wise and efficent organization and command of the expedition 
to Japan, after many vain attemps by our people and European governments 
to establish trade and general relations with that hermit nation. He succeeded 
in delivering the President's letter on July 14, 1853, and in signing a treaty on 
March 31, 18.54; and this brilliant acheivement marked the beginning of the 
v/anderful new life of Japan. On his return he wrote the reports of the expe- 
dition, accompained by many scientific papers by other writers, with a preface 
and notes by Francis L. Hawks: and this monumental work in three great 
volumes, with many illustrations, was published by the government. Commo- 
dore Perry died in New York, March 4, 1858. In 1903, the fiftieth anniversary 
of Perry's landing in Japan, a monument in honor of him and of the event was 
erected and dedicated at the place of the landing by the Japanese government 
and people. There is an admirabl popular biography of Perry by Rev. William 
Elliot Griffis; and this reviews in one of its early chapters the various efforts 
of Europeans to secure foothold in .lapan and the particular conditions at the 
time of Commodore Perry's historic enterprise which resulted in a success so 
brilliant and so fruitful in results to Japan, to the United States, and to the 
woild. 

The passage given in the present story is chapter xiii. of the official report 
of Perry's expedition. The valuable introduction to the report contains various 
thorough studies of the history, character, and conditions of the Japanes people, 
and especially of the past relations of the empire with the western civilized 
nations. The chapters which follow record the proposal of the mission to Japan' 
to the United States government by Commodore Perry, the careful preparations, 
the departure from Norfolk, the incidents of the voyage, the delay in Chinese 
waters, the arrival on the Japanese coast, the surprise of the people, and the 
delicate and intricate negotiations with the local governor, leading to the 
taking of Commodore Perry's message to Yedo and arrangements for his recep- 
tion on shore by high officials representing the Emperor. Of that reception the 
chapter here printed is the record. Commodore Perry immediately after it re- 
turned with his squadron to Chinese waters, where he remained until the next 
February (1854), when, returning to Japan, he was cordially received, made an 
exhibition to the Japanese of the telegraph and railroad, of agricultural imple- 
ments and otter instruments of western progress, which were greatly admired, 
and succeeded in making the desired treaty, which was soon followed by similar 
treaties between Japan and other nations. The text of the treaty, with Commo- 



282 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



dore Perry's own comments upon its character and significance, is given in 
chapter xx. of the report. His final words are: 

".lapan has been opened to the nations of tire west, and it is not to be be- 
lieved that, having once effected an entrance, the enlightened powers that have 
made treaties with her will go backward, and by any indescretion lose what, 
after so many unavailing efforts for centuries, has at last been happily attained. 
It belongs to these nations to show .Japan that her interests will be promoted 
by communication with them; and as prejudice gradually vanishes, we may 
hope to see the future negotiation of commercial treaties more and more liberal, 
for the benefit not of ourselves only, but of all the maritime powers of Europe, 
for the advancement of Japan, and for the upward progress of our common 
humanity. It would be a reproach to Christendom now to force Japan to re- 
lapse into her cheerless and unprogressive state of unnatural isolation. She is 
the youngest sister in the circle of comn\ercial nations; let those who are older 
kindly take her by the hand, and aid her tottering steps until she has reached 
a vigor that will enable her to walk firmly in her own strength." 

EXPLORERS. 
Christopher Columbus landed on one of the Bahama Island October 12, 
1492. John Cabot, in the service of Henry VII. of England, made the mainland 
of America June 24, 1497. Sebastian Cabot explored the coast from Nova Scotia 
to Cape HatteraS; 1498. Columbus first landed on the mainland of America, 
August 1, 1498. Denis of Hanfleur explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1506. 
Waldseemuller, a German professor of geography, proposed "America" for the 
name of the new world, in 1507. Vasco Nunez de Balboa planted the first Euro- 
pean settlement on the Isthmus of Darian in 1.510. Juan Ponce de Leon found 
and named Florida, Easter Sunday, 1512. Franciso F. De Cordova reached 
Mexico in 1517. Baron de I^ery attempted a settlement on Sable Island in 1518. 
Fernando Cortez, with eleven vessels and 600 men, landed at Vera Cruz, Mexico, 
in 1519. Magellan found and named Magellan Strait in 1520. Coi-tez entered 
the city of Mexico in 1521. John Verrazano, employed by Francis I., of France, 
explored the east coast from Carolina to Newfoundland in 1524. Cabeza de 
Vaca found a mouth of the Mississippi in 1528. Jacques Cartier went up the 
St. Lawrence to Hochelaga (Montreal), returned to Stadacona (Quebec), lE 
1535, and, in the spring, returned to France. De Sota landed at Tampa Bay, 
Florida, in 1539. De Sota discovered the Mississippi in 1541. De Sota dying 
of a fever, his followers sank hsi body in the Mississippi in 1542. Jean Ribaut 
of Dieppe, built a fort, Charlesfort, near Hilton Head, and, putting thirty men 
in it, returned to France in 1562. Rene de Laudonniere brought a colony of 
Huguenots to Florida, and built Fort Caroline, at the mouth of the St. John's 
in ]56i. Jean Ribaut brought succor to the half-starved occupants of Fort 
Caroline, August 29, 1565. Pedro Menendez founded St. Augustine, Florida, 
September 5, 1565. Menendez surprised Fort Caroline, Ribaut being absent, and 
butchered 142 people September 20, 1565. Dominique de Gourges took Fort 
Caroline and wreaked full vengeance upon the Spaniards in 1868. Sir Francis 
Drake sailed up the west coast to Oregon, in 1578. Sir Humphrey Gilbert took 
possession of Newfoundlaud ni 1583. Sir Richard Grenville, sent by Sir Walter 
Raleigh, landed settlers on Roanoke Island in 1585. Birth of Virginia Dare, on 
Roanoke Island, the first white child born in America August 18, 1587. The 
Marquis de La Roche landed forty convicts on Sable Island in 1598. Bartho- 
lomew Gosnold entered Massachusetts Bay in 1602. De Monts established a 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 283 

French colony at Port Royal (Annapolis, N. S.), in 1605. James I., of England, 
gave North Virginia the territory between 41 and 45 degrees, to the Plymouth 
Company; and South Virginia, the territory between 34 and 38 degrees to the 
London Company.. April 10, 1606. 

1607. The "Susan-Constant," Captain Christopher Newport, the "GodSpeed," 
Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, and the "Discovery," Captain Jno. Ratcliffe, 
landed 105 colonists on St. James River, Va., May 13, who founded Jamestown; 
they built a church, a log one, "covered with rafts, sedge, and dirt," Mr. Hunt 
being the clergyman. In July an epidemic killed half of them. Geo. Popham 
landed 100 settlers at the mouth of the Kenebec, August 21, St. George. Cap- 
tain Smith fell into the hands of Powhatan; Pocahontas saved his life. 

1608. Smith returned to Jamestown, January 8. Pocahontas brought food 
to settlers at Jamestown. Settlers of St. George, Popham having died, returned 
to England. Jamestown destroyed by fire. Champlain founded Quebec. Capt. 
Smith explored the Cheaspeake. Master John Laydon and mistress Forrest 
iLiarried at Jamestown, first English marriage in America. 

1609. London Company got a new charter. May 23, enlarging the Virginian 
colony. Thos. Gates and Sir Geo. Somers, with nine ships for Virginia encoun- 
tered a great storm August 3. Champlain discovered Lake Champlain July 30. 
Henry Hudson ascended the Hudson and reached the site of Albany Septem- 
ber 19, calling the district New Netherland. Capt. Smith returned to England. 

1610. The "starving time" at Jamestown. Gates, Somers and Newport, who 
had been wrecked on the "Sea Vulture," arrived at Jamestown June 2. Lord 
Delaware opportunely arrived with succor for the settlers, who were on the point 
of leaving Jamestown. In Virginia Lord Delaware fixed the hours of labor 
from six lo ten A. M., and from two to four P. M. 

1611. Lord Delaware, seized with ague, left Jamestown for England. Sir 
Thos. Dale brought 300 immigrants to Jamestown; so far the land had been 
worked in common, now a few acres were assigned to every man. Sir Thos. 
Dale founded a new "city," City of Henricus." 

1612. The London Company got a new charter, the third one which added 
Bermuda to Virginia. Capt. Samuel Argall took Pocahontas prisioner, intend- 
ing to hold her as an hostage for Powhatan's good behavior. Capt. John Smith 
drew a map of Virginia. John Rolfe tried the culture of tobacco in Virginia. 

1613. Sir Thos. Dale instructed Pocahontas in Christianity; she was bap- 
tized "Rebecca," and in April she was married to John Rolfe, in the church at 
Jamestown, by Rev. Alex. Whitaker, "Apostle of Virginia." Capt. Argall took 
Port Royal, and conquered Acadia. Adrian Block's ship having been burnt, he 
and his crew built huts ofn Bowling Green, and began to build the "Restless," 
the first vessel built at New York. 

1614. The Dutch established a trading post on Manhattan Island, New 
Amsterdam. Adrian Block explored the Connecticut River to Hartford. Capt. 
John Smith explored the shore northeast of the Hudson, and called the country 
New England. 

1615. Sir Thos. Dale induced the London Company to grant 50 acres of 
land to every settler in Virginia. Champlain crossed Lake Ontario, with Hurons, 
and assisted in an assult on an Onondaga town. 

1616. John Rolfe and his wife "Lady Rebecca," went to England. Gov. 
Yeardly, successor of Dale, began the regular cultivation of tobacco in Virginia. 



284 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1()17. Pocahontas died in England, March 21. Argall succeeded Yeardley 
as governor of Virginia. The Dutch settled at Bergan, N. J. The Dutch erected 
a fortitied trading house at Norman's Kill, two miles below Albany, N. Y. 

1019. Sir Geo Yeardley again came to Virginia as governor-general, and 
July nci, he called together two representatives from each of the 11 plantations. 
In Virginia, forming the first legislative body in the United States. Now a 
settler in Virginia could get 100 acres of choice land for $63.00. In August a 
Dutch ship sold 20 negroes in Jamestown, beginning negro slavery in the United 
States. Virginia sent 20,000 pounds of tobacco to England. 

1G02. Sir Ed. Sandys sent 1,261 settlers to Jamestown, including 90 young 
women, "pure and uncorrupt;" they were sold to planters for wifes, the price 
of a wife being from 120 lbs. to 150 lbs. of tobacco. "Council established at 
Plymouth, in Devon, for the planting, ruling, ordering, and governing of New 
England, in America," Nov 3. The "Mayflower," carrying the Pilgrim Fathers, 
entered Cape Cod Bay, November 21. They landed on Plymouth Rock, December 
21, John Carver, governor. Birth of Peregrine White, December 21, first 
Englishman born in New England. 

1621. Samoset, a Wampanoag chief, greeted the Pilgrim Fathers with 
"Welcome, Englishmen," March 26. Massasoit made a treaty with Governor 
Carver April 1. Master Ed. Vv'inslow married Mistress Susanna White, widow, 
at Plymouth, May 12, first English marriage in New England. Dutch West India 
Co. incorporated June '3. Governor Carver died, Wm. Bradford being his suc- 
cessor Sir Francis Wyatl came to Virginia as Governor, and brought a written 
charter, giving Virginia free government; it was the first America. 

l'';22. The people of Plymouth built a little fort, which was also their first 
church. Opechancanough, successor of Powhatan, murdered 347 Virginia settlers 
March 22. Sir Fernando Gorges and Capt. John Mason obtained a grant of land 
from the Merrimac to the Kennebec August 20, which they called Laconia. 
Canonicus, chief of the Narragansetts, sent a bundle of arrows to the Plymouth 
colony; Gov. Bradford returned a parcel of powder and ball. 

1623. The West India Company sent their first ship, the "Unity," laden 
with immigrants, to New Foundland. The "New Netherland," brought 30 
families to Manhattan Island, Cornelius Jacobsen May benig the first director. 
The Dutch built Fort Orange (Albany). Rev. Wm. Blaxton settled at Trimoun- 
taine (Boston.) 

1624. The London Company forfeited its charter, and Virginia became a 
royal province. First neat cattle and swine brought to New England. The 
Burgesses of Virginia declared that the governor shall not tax the colony "other- 
way than by the authority of the general assembly." Ed. Sharpless, clerk of 
the Virginia council, was put in the pillory and had his ears cropped for disobey- 
ing the assembly. Plymouth colony freighted a ISO ton ship with cured fish. 

1625. The English made a permanent settlement at Pemaquid, Maine. 
Charles I. was proclaimed king of England March 27. The first white child 
born in New England, was Sarah Rapelje, June7. Wm. Verhulst, director of 
New Netherland. 

1626. Peter Minuit director-general of New Netherland; he purchased Man- 
hattan Island of the Indians for .S;24.00, and built Fort Amsterdam. The 
colonists of Virginia "established a bead factory as a mint for the coinage of a 
ciM-rent medium of commerce with the Indians." The "Arms of Amsterdam" 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 285 

left Manhattan September 23. for Holland, laden with 7,246 beaver skins, 675 
otter skins, 48 minx, and 36 wild cat. 

1628. Jonas Michaeliiis organized the first Reformed Dutch Church in New 
Amsterdam, and erected the first building (church). John Endicott began a 
oolony at Salem, Mass. Charles I. tried to contract for the whole tobacco crop 
in Virginia. Mr. Skelton was chosen pastor, and Mr. Higgonson teacher, for 
a church at Massachusetts Bay, July 20. Virginia exports 500,000 lbs. of tobac. 
CO. .The Plymouth colony gave 20 acres of land to every one in each family. 

1029. Mr. Ralph Smith was installed first regular pastor at Plymouth. The 
Salem colony obtained a charter from the King, March 14, and incorporation 
as "The Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England." 
Champlain surrendered Canada to David Kirke. Mason got from Gorges full 
ownership of the district between the Merrimac and the Piscatagua, Nov. 17, 
calling it New Hampshire. 

1630. Thos. Tindall, of Virginia, was sent to the pillory for two hours for 
giving my Lord Baltimore the lie and threatening to knock him down." Earl 
of Warwick obtained Connecticut. John Winthrop arrived at Salem, Mass., 
June 12. Kiliaen Van Rensselaer purchased a tract of land near Albany, N. Y., 
August 13. John Winthrop settled Trimountajn. Trimountain named Boston 
September 27. FirstGeneral Court met at Boston, October 19. 

1631. The Earl of Warwick transferred Connecticut to Lord Sayand-Seal, 
Lord Brooke, and others, March 29. Roger Williams came to New England. 
Portsmouth, N. H., settled. Winthrop built the "Blessing of the Bay," on Mystic 
River. The "New Netherland," a ship of 800 tons, built at Manhattan. John 
Endicott of Salem, fined 40 shillings for "assault and battery." 

1632. A ship laden with corn from Virginia sailed into Boston. Charles I. 
gave a charter of Maryland to Cecil Calvert (Lord Baltimore), June 20. First 
meeting house built in Boston. By the treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, France 
recovered Canada. John Eliot, "the Apostle of the Indians of North America," 
settled at Roxbury, Mass. 

1633. The Dutch built a fort at Hartford, Conn. Wouter Van Twiller, 
governor of New Netherland. John Cotton came to Boston. Rev. Everardus 
Bogardus and Adam Roelandsen, the first clergyman and the first schoolmaster 
in New York, came to New Amsterdam. The "William, "a London ship, began to 
trade on the Hudson, but the Dutch drove her to sea. Captain Holmes, in 
defiance of the Dutch, built a trading house at Windsor. 

1634. Leonard Calvert brought settlers to Maryland, and founded St. Mary. 
Father W^hite turned an Indian's wigwam into the first English Catholic church 
in America. Calvert drove Wm. Clayborne from Kent Island. Benj. Sym 
founded a free school in Virginia. In Boston, Sam Cole opened the first public 
house, and John Cogan opened the first shop; Thursday was market day in 
Boston. 

1635. First legislative assembly of Maryland met at St. Mary, March 8. 
Boston Latin school founded, with Philemon Purmount as master. Richard 
Mather came to New England. The Virginians deposed their governor. Sir 
John Harvey, April 28. A Dutch vessel from the West Indies arrived at Marble- 
head, Mass. Sixty men, women and children, from the Puritan settlements 
settled at Windsor. Hartford, and Weathersfield, Conn. 

1636. Roger Williams, banished from Massachusetts, went to Narragansett 
Bay and began the settlement of Providence. First court in Connecticut held 



286 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



at Hartford, April 26. First American ship went to West Indies. R'ev. Thos. 
Hooker, Vvith 100 men, women and children, after a toilsome journey to "the 
West," reached the Connecticut River. General court of Massachusetts, October 
28, agreed to give $2,000 toward a college. The Pequods began a war with the 
Connecticut settlers. 

1637. Wm. Kieft made director of New Netherland. Captain J. Mason, of 
Connecticut, nearly destroyed the Pequods. The first Synod in America met 
at Newtowne, Mass., August 30. 

1638. Peter Minuit established a colony of Swedes and Finns on Delaware 
Bay. Orloff S. Van Cortland arrived at New Amsterdam, March 28. Jno. 
Davenport, Mr. Prudden, and Theoph. and Sam Eaton, with 300 settlers, began 
New Haven. Newtowne, Mass. became Cambridge. Rev. Jno. Harvard left 
half his property and all his books to the College at Cambridge, which became 
"Harvard." Negroes brought to New England for slaves. 

1639. The settlers of Windsor, Hartford, and Weathersfield, framed the 
Hartford Constitution, January 14, written by Rev. John Hooker, the first 
written constitution in America, made "by the people for the people." Roger 
Williams founded the first Baptist church in America at Providence. Printing 
press set up at Cambridge, Mass., an almanac being the first book printed in 
America. Thomas Belcher took up a tract of land on the site of Brooklyn, N. Y. 
The court of Massachusetts named Richard Fairbanks, of Boston, postman. 

1640. Indians ravaged Staten Island. Wm. Kieft built at Staten Island 
the first brewery in the United States. John Haynes first governor of Connec- 
ticut. Haverhill, Mass., settled. In Massachusetts musket balls at a farthing 
each were made a legal tender to amount of one shilling. 

1641. "A fine stone ta;vern" was built at New Amsterdam. New Hamp- 
shire united to Massachusetts. The people of New Amsterdam, dissatisfied with 
Kieffs rule, chose "twelve select men" to act for them, August 29, the first 
representative assembly on Manhattan Island. John Endicott made governor 
of Massachusetts. 

1642. A band of Iroquois captured Isaac Jogues and two young Frenchmen 
on Lake St. Peter, and brought them prisioners up to Richelieu, Lake Champlain, 
into Lake George, — now first seen by white men, which Jogues afterwards called 
Lac St. Sacrement,— and across the wilderness to the Mohawk towns. The 
Bostonians sent a supply of "pastors." to Virginia. Sir Wm. Berkeley made 
governor of Virginia. Three ships were buift at Boston, one at Dorchester, and 
one at Salem. 

1643. Colonies of Massachusetts, .Connecticut, Plymouth and New Haven, 
confederated and became the United Colonies of New England, May 29. John 
Winthrop, Jr., began an iron-works at Braintree, Mass. Kieft massacred the 
Hackensacks. Mrs, Hutchinson murdered by Indians. The Virginia assembly 
decreed that only Episcopalians could preach, and that non-conformists depart 
from the colony. 

1044. Virginia Indians, under Opechancanough, massacred 300 settlers 
in Virginia, April 18. Roger Williams went to England, and obtained a char- 
ter, which united the settlements of Providence and Rhode Island, forming the 
state of Rhode Island. 

1646. Massachusetts passed a law, that whoever might kiss a woman in 
ihe street should be flogged. Connecticut passed a law, which forbade anyone 
under twenty-one to use tobacco, and all adult users of it were limited to one 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 287 

smoke a day, "ten miles from any company," the penalty being sixpense for 
eash offence. The town of Breuckelen (Brooklyn) organized a municipal gov- 
ernnment. Father Isaac Jogues murdered by an Iroquois October 18. 

1G47. Peter Stuyvesant, "Old Silverleg," made governor of New Amsterdam 
May 27. The General Assembly of Rhode Island declared that "all men might 
walk as their consciences persuaded them, without molesting anyone in the 
name of his God." Massachusetts passed a law requiring every township of 
fifty householders to have a school house and a teacher. 

1G49. Charles I. beheaded January 30. "Toleration Act" passed in Mary- 
land, May 1, Making the colony an asylum for persecuted Christians of every 
denomination. Three hundred and thirty Cavaliers came to Virginia. The 
Burgesses of Virginia declared the execution of Charles I. treason. 

1650. Population of Virginia 15,000. Harvard College was chartered May 
31. Peter Stuyvesant went to Hartford and made a treaty with the New Englan- 
ders, giving up his claim to Connecticut and receiving half of Long Island. The 
Long- parliament forbade trade with Virginia and the West Indies. Gabriel 
Druilletes came from Canada to Boston, and conferred with Winslow, Dudley, 
Bradford, and Silot, concerning reciprocity of trade. The Iroquois subdued 
the Delawares. 

1651. England passed Navigation Act, declaring that English colonies 
should trade only with England "in English ships manned by Englishmen." A 
mint was established in Boston, the first in America, to coin shillings, sixpences, 
and threepences, with a pine tree on one side and New England" on the other. 
Druilletes made another fruitless visit to New England, to effect reciprocity of 
trade. Governor Stuyvesant built Fort Casimir, at Newcastle, Delaware. 

1652. The Long parliament's ships came to .lamestown, and demanded the 
surrender of the colony; and "to prevent the ruin and destruction of the planta- 
tion," Berkeley submitted and retired to private life. The Burgesses of Virginia, 
April oO, voted Mr. Richard Bennett governor. Maine united to Massachusetts. 

1653. Peter Stuyvesant proclaimed New Amsterdam a city, February 2, 
and Cornelius Tienhoven, "schout." Roger Green settled Presbyterians on the 
Chowan River, North. Carolina. John Eliot published a catechism, the first 
book printed in Indian. Oliver Cromwell Protector, December 16. 

1654. Governor Stone, of Maryland, was defeated by Clayborne, at Severn, 
near Annapolis, March 25. The Jesuit, Le Moyne, visited Onondaga. The 
Protestants, gaining the ascendancy in Maryland, disfranchised the Catholics, 
and declared them not entitled to the protection of the law. Major Sedgwick, 
with a Boston force, took Port Royal, N. S. 

1655. Civil war in Maryland. The Jesuits, Chaumonot and Dablon, estab- 
lished the mission of St. Mary's of Ganentaa, at Onondaga. The Iroquois sub- 
jugated the Eries. The Burgesses of Virginia voted Edward Digges, governor. 
Stuyvesant conquered New Sweden. 

1656. Father Le Mercier brought a colony of fifty Frenchmen to Onondaga. 
Two Quakeresses, Mary Fisher and Ann Austin, came to Boston; they were 
lodged in jail for a time, and then shipped off. Population of New Amsterdam 
1,000. The Burgesses of Virginia voted Samuel Matthews, governor. 

1657. New England passed a law prohibiting the entrance of Quakers. A 
council in Boston sanctioned the Halfway Covenant, that baptism without com- 
munion confers political rights. John Washington and Lawrence Washington, 



288 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



brothers, the former being the grand-father of George Washington, came from 
Northamptonshire, England, and settled on the west bank of the Potomac. 

1658. Massachusetts decreed death to all Quakers returning after banish- 
ment. Le Mercier and his colonists escaped from Onondaga,. The Burgesses 
of Virginia refused the governor a seat in the Assembly; he dissolved the House 
and threatened to appeal to Cromwell; they desposed him, and, to show their 
independence, re-voted him governor. 

11060. Charles II. made king of England, April 25. England reenacted 
the Navigation Act, making its terms still more objectionable. The regicides, 
Ed. Whalley and Wm. Uoffe, came to Boston, July 27. Massachusetts forbade 
Christmas celebration; penalty 5s. Mary Dyer was hung in Boston, for return- 
ing after banishment. Domine Henry Selyus, first settled clergyman in Brook- 
lyn. Charles II. 

1661. John Eliot translated the New Testament into Indian (Mohegan) 
and printed it. Arendt van Curler, called by the Indians, "Corlaer," bought the 
"Great Flats," Schenectady, N. Y. 

1662. Charles II. gavo "The Governor and Company of the English Colony 
of Connectictit in New England" a charter. May 10, confirming the popular con- 
stitution. 

1668. John Eliot published the Bible in Indian; it was the first Bible 
printed in America. The Chowan River settlement, N. C, became Albermarle 
County Colony, and Rev. Wm. Drummond was made first governor. John 
Clarke got a charter for Rhode Island, from Charles 11. July 8. "Oliverian 
Plot" in Virginia; indentured servante conspired "to anticipate the period of 
their freedom." 

1664. Charles II. gave New Netherland to his brother James, the Duke of 
York, March 22. Thos. Gould organized a Baptist church in Boston. English 
church service first celebi'ated in Boston. The Duke of York conveyed what 
is now New Jersey to Lord Berkeley and Sir Geo. Carteret. The English, under 
Sir Rjcha)-d Nichols, took New Amsterdam, September 8, which became New 
Y'ork. 

1665. Governor Nichols gave New York City its first charter, and named 
Thos. Willett mayor. Philip Carteret was made first governor of New Jersey, 
and Elizabethtown was made the capital. 

1666. De Courcelle, governor of Canada.- penetrated to the Mohawk county. 
First church erected in Brooklyn, N. Y. Viceroy Tracey and De Courcelle, from 
Canada, d^^vastated the Mohawk country. 

Xavier among the Oneidas. Father Fremin established the mission of St. Mary 
of the Mohawks. By the treaty of Breda, France recovered Acadia. 

1669. Claude Allouoz founded a mission at Green Bay. Iroquois Christ- 
ians began the mission of St. Francis Xavier opposite Montreal. La Salle and 
Dollier de Casson visited the Senecas. La Salle is supposed to have found the 
Mississippi. Hudson Bay Company chartered. 

1670. King Philip became unfriendly to the English. Dollier de Casson 
landed on site of Detroit. John Locke and Shaftsbury drafted a constitution 
for Carolina, "The Grand Model," giving all powers to a priviledged class. 
Huguenots, under Wm. Sayle, settled on the west bank of Ashley River, in 
Carolina. Nicholas Perrot at Green Bay. Elective franchise in Virginia re- 
stricted to "freeholders and householders." "Rev." first used in New England. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 289 

1671. Si. Liisson, Joliet, and Nicholas Perrot, at Sault Ste Marie, declared 
the entire west a Frence possession. Gov. Berkeley of Virginia, said "I thank 
God there are no free schools nor printing, and I hope we shall not have them 
these hnndred years." 

1673. Joliet and Marquette discovered the Mississippi, Missouri and Arkan- 
sas. The Dutch retook New Amsterdam August 9, and Anthony Colve became 
governor. Charles II. gave Virginia to the Earl of Arlington and Lord Cul- 
pepper for thirty-one years, the land of settlers held by valid title alone being 
excepted. 

1674. By treaty New Nethei'land reverted to England; Governor Colve bid 
farewell to New Amsterdam, November 9, and Edmund Andros became governor 
of New York. 

1675. King Philip, sachem of the Wampanoags, began a terrible war with 
the colonists of New England. Jacques Marquette died on the west shore of 
Michigan, May 20. Captain Winslow, with 1,000 men, punished the Narra- 
gansetts terribly. 

1676. Captain Chui'ch finished the career of King Philip at Mount Hope, 
Rhode Island, August 12. Restriction of suffrage, tyrannical trade laws, the 
grant to Arlington and Culpepper, and no protection against the Indians, so 
njaddened the Virginians that they i-ebelled under Nathaniel Bacon, and drove 
Berkeley from Jamestown, when Bacon burnt the place; Bacon soon dying of 
B. fever, Berkeley i-eturned and began a rule of terror. 

1G77. Rev. Thos. Thacker, of Boston, published "Brief Guide in the Small 
Pox and Measles," the first medical work issued in America. Massachusetts 
paid the heirs of Gorges and Mason $6,000 for their interest in Maine and New 
Hampshire. The people of Albemarle County Colony, N. C, rebelled against 
revenue laws, and imprisoned their governor. Governor Berkeley, of Virginia, 
executed 23 of Bacon's followers. 

J 1679. La Motte built La Salle's fort at the mouth of the Niagara. Thos. 
Lord Culpepper was made governor of Virginia. La Salle built the "Griffin," 
the first vessel on the Upper Lakes. La Salle brought the "Griffin" into Lake 
Michigan, loaded her with furs, and sent her to Niagara; she never was heard 
of again. £200,000 fire in Boston, August 8. La Salle built a fort at the 
mouth of the St. Joseph River, in Michigan. 

1680. Wm Sayle, with Ashley River settlers, moved to Oyster Point, and 
began Charleston, S. C. Louis Hennepin discovered the Falls of St. Anthony. 
New Hampshire was detached from Massachusetts and made a royal province. 
The Iroquois desolated the Illinois valley. La Salle built Ft. Crevecoeur, near 
Peoria, 111. Du Luth rescued Hennepin from the Sioux. In December, appeared 
the "Great Comet," of which Increase Mather said, "Its appearance was very 
terrible, the Blaze ascended above 60 degrees, almost to its zenith." Culpepper 
began a "reign of terror" in Virginia. 

1G81. Charles II. granted three degrees of latitude by five degrees of longi- 
tude, west of Delaware, which he called Pennsylvania (Penn's Woods) to Wm. 
Ftnn, March 14. Penn sent Wm. Markham, deputy governor, with settlers to 
Pennsylvania. The Duke of York sold Delaware to Wm. Penn. 

1682. Wm. Penn landed at Newcastle, Del. La Salle and Tonty went down 
the Mississippi to its month, calling its great, basin Louisiana and a territory 
of France. Wm. Penn made a treaty with the Indians under an elm on the site 



290 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ot Kensington, "probably on the last clay of November." Penn convened the 
first assembly of Pennsylvania at Chester, December 4. 

1(;83. Thos. Dongan was made governor of New York. GovernorDongau 
convened the first assembly of representatives of New York, who established a 
"Charter of Libei-ties." Seth Sothel was made governor of Carolina. Weekly 
Post established in Philadelphia. First mill put up at Chester, Pa. 

1684. Francis Makemie established the first Presbyterian church in Ameri- 
ca, at Snow Hill, Maryland. Culpepper deposed, and Virginia made a royal 
province. Increase Mather published "Remarkable Provinces," proving the 
reality of witchcraft. Charles II. took away the Massachusetts charter, and 
Djade the colony a royal province. La Barre, governor of Canada, was oblidged 
to treat with the Five Natoins at Famine Cove. 

1685. James II. king of England. February 0. La Salle missed the mouth 
of the Mississippi, and landed his Frence settlers for Louisiana at Matagorda 
Bay, February 16, building Ft. St. Louis, Texas. Wm. Bradford set up a print- 
ing press in Philadelphia. Dongan granted the Livingston Manor, N. Y., to 
Itobert Livingston. Philadelphia had 600 houses and 2,000 people. .Tames II. 

1 686. Du Luth built a stockade at Detroit, on the west side of the Strait. 
Governor Dongan made Albany a city, .Tuly 22, Peter Schuyler being first mayor. 
Sir Edmund Andros arrived at Boston, December 30, to govern New- England. 

1687. La Salle was murdered near Trinity River, March 19. De Denon- 
ville, governor of Canada, with .300 men, invaded the Seneca country and made 
general havoc; he garrisoned Fort Niagara. John Page, of Rosewell, Va., wrote 
"A Deed of Gift to My Dear Son, Capt. Matt. Page." When Andros demanded 
the Connecticut charter, the candles were suddenly extinguished, enabling Capt. 
Wadsworth to hide it in an oak tree, October 31. 

1688. At the command of the Five Nations, or Iroquois, Denonville des- 
troyed his fort at Niagara. Cotton Mather pronounced Mrs. Glover a witch, 
beginning the persecution against witches in New England. Francis Nicholson 
niade governor of New York. 

1689. First war with the French and Indians, "King William's War," 
begun. Coode's insurrection in Maryland. Jacob Leisler, with popular consent, 
displaced Governor Nicholson at New York. The Bostonians seized Andros, 
April 28, and shipped him to England. The French and Indians took Dover, 
and murdered Major Waldron, July 7. Fifteen hundred Iroquois murdered the 
people of La Chine, near Montreal, August 5. The French took Pemaquid, 
August 12. William and Mary. 

1690. Frontenac, governor of Canada, sent three war parties, led by Sainte- 
Helene, Hertel, and Portneuf, against the English. First Anglo-American Con- 
gress met in New York, May 1. Sir Wm. Phips took Port Royal, May 11. Sir 
Wm. Phips, with 32 ships and 2,200 men, sailed for Quebec August 9. At Ports- 
month, N. H., John Taylor built the "Falkland," with 54 guns, the first man-of- 
war built in the United States. In October, Phips bombarded Quebec, and 
Walley assaulted it by land, but Frontenac drove both off; to pay for this Mass- 
achusetts issued the first paper money in the United States 

1691. Henry Sloughter was made governor of New York. Leisler and 
Milbarne, for usurping supreme authority, were executed on the site of Tam- 
many Hall, N. Y., May 46. Maryland was made a royal province. Major Peter 
Schuyler, with 266 men, went from Albany dawn the Richelieu to La Prairie, 
and made general destruction, but was sorely harassed on his return. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 291 

1692. Harvard made Increase Mather a D. D., the first in America. Will- 
lam in. sent a charter that made Masachusetts, Plymouth, Maine and Nova 
Scotia one province, Massachusetts. Religious toleration was abolished in 
Maryland and the Church of England was made the state shurch. Pennsylvania 
was taken from Penn, October ?>1, and put under the governor of New York. 

1G93. Culture of rice was begun in Carolina. Mantet, Courtemanche, and 
La None, with 625 Frenchmen and Indians, left Montreal, and on snow shoes 
reached the Mohawk country, February 16, where they burnt two towns, killed 
or made captive the people, and then departed for Canada, pursued by Peter 
Schuyler. Rev. James Blair obtained a charter for William and Mar\ College, 
Virginia. Post Office was established in Boston. 

1696. Trinity Church, New York, erected. Frontenac, with 2,200 men 
came up the Oswego, and attacked the Onondagas; and for two days destroyed 
the crops and stoied corn; Vaudreuil destroying Oneida. Wm. Bradford began 
printing in New York. 

11^97. Abenaki Indians attacked Haverhill, March 15, and carried off 
Hannah Dustan, Mary Neff, and an English boy; but, while on their way to the 
Indian village, the three prisioners one night seized hatchets, killed their sleep- 
mg captors, scalped them, escaped to Haverhill, and received £50 for the ten 
scalps. Treaty of Ryswick, September 20. 

1G99. Lemoine d' Iberville built a fort at Biloxi, La. Capt. Wm. Kidd, 
the pirate, was inveigled into Boston and captured. 

1700. Wm. Penn suggested a union of all the English colonies. City Hall, 
on Wall Street, New York, built. New York passed an act July 31, to hang 
"every popish priest" that might come into the province. Library was provided 
for Yale College, by ten clergymen, who met at Saybrook. 

1701. La Mothe-Cadillac founded Detroit, July 21. French colonists settled 
at Mobile The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts was 
established. (Yale) college chartered October 9 and established at Saybrook. 
Philadelphia was made a city October 25; Edward Shippen being the first mayor. 

1702. Second war with French and Indians, "Queen Anne's War," begun. 
East and West Jersey united, and New Jersey made a royal pi'ovince. Queen 
Ann began to reign March 8. Governor Moore of Cai-olina, led an expedition 
against St. AugViStine, but accomplished nothing. Anne. 

1704. Hertel de'Rouville sacked Deerfield, Marsh 11, and carried off John 
Williams, the minister. John Campbell began the "Boston Newsletter," April 
24, the reg-ular newspaper in America. Peregrine White died at Marshfield, 
July 22. 

1705. The first free grammer school in New York was opened. Grace 
Sherwood, in Virginia, v/as tested for witchcraft by immersion. Robert Bever- 
ley published "History of Virginia." 

1706. Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston January 17. Seven Presby- 
terian clergymen organized the Presbytery of Philadelphia. Five Frence and 
Spanish men-of-war attempted to take Charleston, but were beaten off by the 
citizens. 

1708. Names first given to the streets of Boston. Hertel de Rouville sacked 
Haverhill, Mass. "Saybrook Platform" formed, obliging all the clergymen of 
Connecticut to meet yearly to consider church affairs. Thos. Short began print- 
ing in) New London, Conn. Wm. Penn imprisoned for debt. 



2it2 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1710. Sir Alex. Spottswood made governor of Virginia. Colonel Nicholson 
took Port Royal, N. 3., Get. 13, and changed the name to Annapolis. 

1711. Sir Hovenden Walker left Boston, August 10, to conquer Canada; 
having failed to reach Queljec, he lost eight ships and 1,000 men in the St. Law- 
rence, September 2. 

1712. Old State House, Boston, built. Carolina divided into North Carolina 
and South Carolina (?) The Ontagamies besieged Detroit. Christopher 
Hassey, a Nantiicket fisherman, captured the first spermaceti whale. Copper 
mine begun at Simsbiirg, Conn. 

1713. By the treaty of Utrecht, April 11, England obtained Acadia (Nova 
Scotia). The Five Nations, being joined by the Tuscaroras, became the Six 
Nations. 

1714. George 1. made king of England August 1. George 1. 

1716. First lighthouse for Boston harbor erected on Beacon Island. French 
settled Natchez, Miss. Maryland restored to Lord Baltimore, and the first form 
of government re-established. Gov. Spottswood, of Virginia, and a body of 
choice companions, made an expedition, for pleasure and exploration, beyond 
the Blue Ridge. Thomas Rutter established the first iron works in Pennsyl- 
xania, near Pottstown. 

171 T. Great snow storm in New England, February 20-24, snow 10 to 20 
feet deep. Yale College removed from Saybrook to New Haven. Bellamy, the 
pirate, wrecked on Cape Cod, where he and 100 men perished. 

1718. M. de Bienville founded New Orleans. Culture of rice begun in 
Louisiana. Death of Wm. Penn, .luly 30. John Theach, "Blackbeard," the 
famous pirate, shot in Pamlico Bay, and thirteen of his followers hung at 
Williamsburg, Va. 

1719. Tunkers came to Pennsylvania. Potatoes introduced into Mass- 
achusetts. The House of Commons forbade the manufacture of iron in the 
colonies. The French settled at Jeff«rson City, Mo. Andrew Bradford, post- 
master of Philadelphia, began the American Weekly Mercury," December 22. 

1723. M. de Bienville made New Orleans the capital of Louisiana. Christ 
Church, Boston, dedicated. Twenty-six pirates, natives of Rhode Island, Con- 
necticut and New York, executed at Newport, Rhode Island. 

1724. Fort Dummer erected, on site of Battleborough; the first settlement 
in Vermont. Father S. Rasseles murdered at Norridgewock. 

1725. James Otis born at West Barnstable, Mass., Februarys. Governor 
Burnet of New York erected a trading post at Oswego. Wm. Bradford began 
the "New York Gazette," October 16, the first newspaper in New York City. 

1727. Samuel Kaeeland began in Boston the "New England Weekly Jour- 
nal," March 20. Burnet, governor of New York, erected Fort Oswego. Ben- 
jamin Franklin, in Philadelphia, organized the "Junto," a dug for mutual 
improvement. In Annapolis, Wm. Parks began the "Maryland Gazette." George 
II. made king of England, June 10. Earthquake in New England, October 29. 

1728. Samuel Keimer, in Philadelphia, began the "Pennsylvania Gazette." 
Cotton Mather,^ son of Increase Mather, and author of 382 printed books, died. 
Vitus Behring passed through Behring Strait, proving the insularity of America. 

1730. Old South Church, Boston, built. Lancaster, Pa., settled. Thomas 
Gowfrey, of Phil., invented what is called Hadley's Quadrat. John Moorhead 
organized the first Presbyterian Church in Boston. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 29c 



J 731. Thos. Whitemarsh began the "South Carolina Gazette," January S, 
In Charleston. Verenclrye discovered the Rocky Mountains. The F'l-ench 
erected Fort Frederic, Lake Champlain. Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 
begun. "Library Company of Philadelphia" organized by Benjamin Franklin; 
the fiist in America. 

1732. Richard Heni-y Lee born at Strafford, Va., January 20. Birth of 
George Washington, February 22. Benjamin Franklin began to publish "Poor 
liichard's Almanac." Scotch-Irish and Gei-mans settled the Shenandoah Valley. 
James Franklin began "Rhode Island Gazette," September 27, the first news- 
paper in Rhode Island The first stage in the United States was established 
between New York and City of Boston. 

1733. General James Ogelthorpe, with 120 immigrants, settled Savannah 
February 12. Tobacco made a legal tender in Maryland. First Masonic Lodge 
in America opened in Boston, July 30. Colonel Wm. Byrd laid out Richmond, 
Va. John Peter Zenger began the "New York Weekly Journal," November .5. 

1734. Wm. Johnson came to America, and settled in the Mohawk Valley. 
Masonic Lodge organized in Philadelphia, Benamin Franklin being Worshipful 
Master. A Catholic church was built and mass celebrated in Philadelphia. 
John Peter Zenger, editor of "New York Weekly Journal," imprisoned, Novem- 
ber 17, for libel; the first arrest for newspaper libel in the United States. 

1735. Benjamin FranJilin, in the "Gazette," of January 28, said: "By the 
indulgence of the Honorable Col. Spottswood, Post-Master-General, the printer 
hereof is allowed to send the 'Gazette' by the post, postage free, to all parts of 
the post road, from Virginia to New PJngland." John Peter Zenger tried for 
libel and acquitted, August 4. Religious revival in New England. John Adams 
born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19. 

1736. At Williamsburg, Wm. Parks began the "Virginian Gazette," the first 
newspaper in Virginia. Oglethorpe, accompanied by John Wesley, brought 300 
immigrants into Georgia. Wesley first preached in America, March 7, at Savan- 
jiah. Patrick Henry was born in Virginia, May 29. 

1740. The Dunkers,, at Ephrata, Pa., began Sunday School work. Gen. 
.Oglethorpe, foiled in taking St. Augustine, returned to Georgia. George Whit- 
-field arrived in New England, September 14, and assisted at the "Great 
Awakening," religious revival. University of Pennsylvania established in 
Philadelphia. 

17 41. "The Negro Plot" in New York; a succession of fires induced the 
belief that the negroes had conspired to suppress the whites and t3 introduce 
a negro government. Wm. Shirley was made governor of Massachusetts. Culti- 
vation of indigo begun in Carolina. 

1742. Iroquois (Six Nations) chiefs, at Philadelphia, told the Delawarss 
lo leave their ancient homes and go to "Wyoming or Shamokin." Oglethorpe 
crushed the Spaniards at "Bloody Marsh" July 2.5. Peter Faneuil built Fancuil 
Hall, Boston, and gave it to the city. 

1743. Thos, Jefferson was born at Shadwell, Va., April 2. Christopher 
Sauer printed the Bible in German, Luther's version, at Germantown, Pa. 

1744. Benj. Franklin organized the first literary society in America, "The 
American Philosophical Society," Thomas Hopkinson being president and Frank- 
lin secretary. Representatives of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, and of 



294 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



the Iroquois, met at Lancaster, Pa., July 2, when the Indians, for £400, gave 
the whites the territory from the Alleghanies to the Mississippi. Third war 
vith the French, "King George's War," begun. 

1745. Wm. Pepperell, with an American force, took Louisburg, Cape 
Brenton, .Tune 17. French and Indians destroyed Saratoga Saratoga November 
16. John Jay was born in New Yorlv City, December 1. 

1746. College of New Jersey, Princeton, founded. Rigaud, with Frenchmen 
and Indians, took Fort Massachusetts, August 28. 

1748. The English formed the Ohio Company to promote settlements west 
of the Alleghanies. George Washington surveyed Lord Fairfax's estate. Count 
Galissonniere advised that 10,000 French peasants be settled in the Ohio valley. 
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, October 8. 

1749. Abbe Picquet began his mission at La Presentation ( Ogdensburg, 
N. Y.) Halifax, N. S., founded. Washington and Lee University established 
at Lexington, Va. The government of Canada sent Bienville into the Ohia 
Valley, to take possession of the country, and to bury plates of lead at wide 
Intervals, for boundry marks. 

1751. James Madison born at Port Conway, Va., March 16. Sugar cane 
first cultivated on the banks of the Mississippi. By order of La Jonquiere, 
governor of Canada, two English traders on the Ohio were seized and im- 
prisoned. 

1752. The Liberty Bell arrived at Philadelphia. First Merchants' Ex- 
change opened in New York. Rev. Timothy Dwight born in Massachusetts, 
May 14. Robert Dinwiddle made governor of Virginia. Benjamin Franklin, 
by flying a kite, drew electricity from the clouds, proving the identity of light- 
ning and electricity. Georgia was made a royal province. 

1753. George Washington made a Master Mason, August 4, at Fredericks- 
burg, Va. Lewis Hallam's company opened the first regular theatre in New 
York, September 17, playing ihe "Conscious Lover." Governor Dinwiddle sent 
Washington to order the French out of the Ohio country. Washington, accom- 
panied by Gist, reached Venango, December 4, and ordered Captain Joncarie off 
British territory. 

1754. W^ashington, wi-th 150 men, reached Great Meadows, May 27. He 
met the French, May 28, when Jumonville was killed. Representatives of the 
English colonies met at Albany, June 19, to devise a way of checking the 
French; Franklin proposed a union of the colonies, but his proposal satisfied 
neither the British nor the colonists. Washington, defeated by De Villiers, 
July 4, abandoned Fort Necessity. King's College (Columbia), New York, 
chartered Oct. ;'l. 

1755. Braddock arrived with two regiments, February 20. Col. Monckton 
took Beausejour, N. S., June 16. Braddock, with 1,200 men, was defeated near 
Du Quesne, July 9, by French and Indians. Col. Wm. Johnson defeated the 
French at Lake George, Sept. 8, and Baron Dieskau fell into his hands. 
Acadians taken from their homes and distributed through the colonies. Indians 
dismissed his forces at Oswego. Franklin introduced lightning I'ods. 

1756. In March, Lery took Fort Bull. Great Britain declared war against 
France, Ma> 17. Bradstreet beat off De Villiers, near Oswego. Montcalm took 
Oswego, August 14. "New Hampshire Gazette appeared, first newspaper in New 
Hampshire. Nassau Hall, Princeton, N. J., built. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 295 



1757. Wm. Pitt took control of affairs in Great Britain. The Delaware 
chiefs met at Easton, and agreed to peace. Montcalm took Fort Wm. Henry, 
August 9, Col. Munro not being assisted by Gen. Webb, who held Fort Edward, 
near by. Beletre, with 300 Canadians and Indians, destroyed a German settle- 
ment on the Mohawk. 

1758. Abercromby was defeated by Montcalm at Ticonderoga, July 8, Lord 
Howe being killed. Admiral Boscawen and Gen. Amherst, Wolfe assasting. 
took l.ouisbourg, July 26. Rogers, Dalzell, and Putnam scattered 450 French, 
August 8, near Whitehall. Bradstreet, with 3,000 provincials, took Fort Fron- 
tc.nac, August 27. Major Grant was defeated outside of Fort Du Quesne, losing 
300 m.en. Gen. Forbes took Du Quesne and called it Fort Pitt. 

1759. George Washington, "the tallest and handsomest man of the Old 
Dominion," married Mrs. Curtis, January 6. Johnson took Niagara, July 25. 
Amherst took Ticonderoga and Crown Point. The Presbyterian Annuity and 
Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, the first of its kind in America, was 
established. Maor Rogers destroyed the Abenakis of St. Francis. Wolfe took 
Quebec, September 18, Wolfe and Montcalm being both killed. 

17 60. M. Levi defeated Gen. Murray at Quebec, April 4. The Cherokees 
took Fort I.,oudon, August 8, and massacred the garrison. Amherst, with 10,000 
men, left Oswego, August 10, for Montreal. Vaudreuil, at Montreal, surrendered 
Canada to Amherst, September 8. Maor Rogers, with 200 rangers, left Monti-eal, 
September 13, to take possession of Detroit and other jwestern posts. George 
III. king of England, October 25. Rogers met Pontiac on the Lake Erie shore. 
Beletre surrendered Detroit to Rogers, November 29. George III. 

1761. Colonel Grant defeated the Cherokees and burnt their towns. "Writs 
of Assistance'' passed. English took possession of Mackinaw. John Winthrop, 
of Harvard, at St. Johns, Nfld., observed the transit of Venus over the sun's 
disk, .lune 6. Capt. Campbell, commandant at Detroit, learned that the Senecas 
were intriguing v/ith the Wyandots to destroy him and his garrison. 

1763. Treaty of Paris, February 10; France ceded her possessions east of 
the Mississippi to England, and Spain ceded Florida. Pontiac. an Ottawa chief, 
organized a conspiracy and besieged Detroit, May 11. The Indians took Fort 
Joseph, May 25, and Fort Miami, May 27. Cuyler was defeated at Mt. Pelee, 
May 28. The Indians took Ouatanon, June 1; Mackinaw, June 2; Presqu-Isle, 
July 17; Le Boeuf and Venago, June 19; Bloody Run, July 31. Col. Bouquet 
defeated the Indians at Bushy Run, August 6. He relieved Fort Pitt, August 10. 
Senecas massacred 500 soldiers at Devil's Hole, September 13. 

1764. Rhode Island College, Warren founded. Pierre Chouteau began St. 
Louis. Mason and Dixon, two English surveyors, began to trace the line 
between Pennsylvania and Maryland. Bradstreet left Albany with an army for 
the Upper l^akes. Sir Wm. Johnson, at Niagara, treated with the Indians. 
Bradstreet relieved Detroit, August 26. Col. Bouquet led an army into the 
country of the Delawares and the Shawnees, and compelled them to restore all 
v/hite prisoners. 

1765. First medical school in America added to College of Philadelphia. 
Great Britain passed the Stamp Act, March 22, by which "all instruments in 
writing were to be executed on stamped paper, to be purchased from agents of 
the British government." The "Sons of Liberty" showed themselves. Colonial 
congress met at NewY ork, October 7, Timothy Ruggles being president, and 
agreed on a Declaration of Rights. The Stamp Act took effect November 1. 



296 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

176G. Irish immigrants began to preach Methodism in New Yorlv. Antlira- 
cite coal was found in Pennsylvania. Rutger's College, New Brunswick, N. J., 
founded. Great Britain repealed the Stamp Act, March 18, but passed the 
Declatory Act, contending that Britain had power to "bind the colonies in all 
cases whatsoever." Pontiac met Sir Wm. Johnson at Oswego, July 23, and 
confirmed his agreement to peace. 

1767. Andrew Jackson born in North Carolina. John Holt began the "New 
York Journal." Great Britain imposed duties on tea, glass, paper, etc. John 
Q. Adams born at Braintree, Mass., July 11. 

1768. Royal commissioners seized Hancock's sloop, "Liberty." Riots in 
Boston. Chamber of Commerce, New York, founded, April 5. John Dickinson, 
cf Pennsylvania, published "Farmers' Letters to the Inhabitants of the British 
Colonies," showing the danger of submitting to parliamentary taxation. Old 
John Street Church, New York City, dedicated, October 30; first Methodist 
church in the United States. 

1769. John Wesley sent two preachers to America. Boardman to New 
York, and Pilmoor to Philadelphia. Daniel Boone, with six comrades explored 
Kentucky. Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., founded. An Illinois Indian, 
bribed by an English trader, killed Pontiac at Cahokia, opposite St. Louis. 
Friar Junipero Serra, the father of western civilization, settled at San Diego. 

1770. Boston massacre March 5. Great Britain repealed all duties except 
that on tea, April 12. John Murry, the father of Universalism, came to America. 
Worcester (Mass.) "Spy" appeared. First church (log) in St. Louis dedicated, 
June 24. Students at Cambridge took degrees in home-spun. Southern planters 
began to grow cotton. 

1771. The Methodist preachers, Francis Asbury and Richard Wright, came 
to America. Governor Tryon of North Carolina, defeated the "Regulators," and 
hanged six of them. College of Rhode Island moved to Providence. Wm. 
Tryon made governor of New York. 

1772. The royal schooner "Gaspe," having grounded, was burnt by Provi- 
dence men, June 10. John Murray, the Earl of Dunmore, was made governor 
of Virginia. Christopher Sower began the first type foundry in the United 
States, at Germantown, Pa. 

1773. James Rivington began "Rivington's New York Gazette," April 22. 
First steam engine made in the United States, at Philadelphia. John Randolph 
was born in Virginia, June 2. Thomas Rankin convened the first annual 
Methodist conference at Philadelphia,July 4. Fifty Bostonians, disguised as 
Indians, boarded the tea ships in Boston Harbor, and threw the tea into the 
water. December 16. 

1774. Great Britain closed Boston port. Marsh 7. James Harrod began 
Harrodsburg\ Ky. City of London subscribed $150,000 for the Bostonians. 
Great Britain passed the Quebec Act, June 18, extending the boundry of Canada 
to Ohio and Mississippi. First Continental Congress met in Carpenter's Hall, 
Philadelphia, September 5, Peyton Randolph was president, and framed a Bill 
ot Rights. Half of Plymouth Rock was dragged into Plymouth and a liberty 
pole put on it. 

1775. The British marched to Concord, April 19; Paul Revere aroused the 
minute men; British driven back to Boston. Second Continental Congress met 
in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, May 10. Ethen Allen took Ticonderoga, 
May lO. Seth Warner took Crown Point, May 12. Battle of Bunker Hill, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 297 

June 17. Congress made Washington commander of the army, .June 17. 
Washington said, "We must consult 'Brother Jonathan,'" (Jonathan Trum- 
bull, governor of Connecticut.) Montgomery took Montreal, November 13. 
Captain Sears wrecked Rivington's "Gazette," N. Y., December 4. Montgomery 
and Arnold assaulted Quebec, December 31, and Montgomery was killed. 

1776. Gen. Schuyler took Johnson Hall, January 19. Treasury department 
was created February 11. Washington seized Dorchester Heights, March4, 
forcing Howe to leave Boston, March 17. Richard Henry Lee moved, June7, 
"that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent 
States." Wm. Moultrie beat off Sir Peter Parker from Sullivan's Island, 
June 28. Congress adopted theDeclaration of Independence, July 4. Battle of 
Long Island, August 27. Captain Nathan Hale, of Connecticut, hung as a spy, 
September 22. Battle of White Plains, October 28. Richard Bache, appointed 
postmaster-general, November 7. British captured Gen. Lee, December 13. 
Washington's victory at Trenton, December 26. 

1777. Washington surprised Cornwallis at Princeton, January 3. "New 
Hampshire Grants" became Vermont, January 15. Arsenal founded at Spring- 
field. Congress adopted United States flag, "Stars and Stripes," June 14. Stark 
defeated Baum at Bennington, August 16. Howe defeated Washington at 
Erandywine, September 11. Battle of Benis Heights, September September 19. 
Howe entered Philadelphia, September 26. Battle of Gei'mautown, October 4. 
Battle of Stillwater October 7. Burgoyne surrendered to Gates at Saratoga, 
October 17. Congres adopted a form of government for the new Confederacy, 
November 15. Washington cactoned his wearied forces at Valley Forge, Dec- 
ember 19. 

1778. France acknowledged the independence of the United States, Feb- 
ruary (. Captain Cook saw and named Cape Flattery, March 22. Howe left 
Philadelphia, June IS. Battle of Monmouth lost by Lee's misconduct, June 28. 
Seitlerfo of Wyoming massacred by Col. Butler and Tories, July 3. Congress 
completed thirteen articles of Confederation, July 9. French fleet came to aid 
of Untied States. Boston corn was ?150 a bushel, batter $12 a pound, tea $90 
a pound, sugar $10 a pound, beef $8 a pound, coffee $12 a pound, and flour 
$1,575 a barrel. Indian massacre at Cherry Valley, N. Y., November 11. British 
took Savannah, December 29. 

1779. Major Clarke took Vincennes, February 20. Spain declared war 
against England, June Ifi. Assembly of Pennsylvania gave to heris of Wm. 
Ponn £130,000 for relinquishment of quit rents and proprietory claims. "Mad" 
Anthony Wayne took Stony Point, July 15. Maor Henry Lee surprised the 
BrJtJsh garrison at Paulus Hook (Jersey City), August 19. The "Bon Homme 
Richard," Captain Paul Jones, took the "Serapis," Captain Pearson, September 
23. Count D'Estaing beaten off from Savannah, October 9. Board af Admir- 
alty established by Congress, October 28. 

3780. Very cold winter; New York Bay frozen over. British took Charles- 
ton, South Carolina, May 12. "Dark Day" iH New England, Friday, May 19. 
Cornwallis defeated Gates at Camden, August 16. Benedict Arnold went to the 
Briiish, September 25. John Paulding, Isaac Van Wert, and David Williams 
arrestel Major Andre, September 23. Andre executed as a spy, October 2. 
Oliver Evans, of Delaware, invented a grain elevator. British defeated at 
King's ]\Iountain, October 7. Holland declared war against Great Britain, 
December 20. 



298 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1781. General Morgan defeated Col. Tarletou at Cowpens, January 17. 
Maryianc endorsed the Articles af Confederation, March 1, and they became the 
law of The Unioa. Battle of Guilford Court House, March 15. Greene drove 
the British from Camden, May 10. Arnold burnt New London, Conn., Septem- 
ber G. Battle of Eutaw Springs, September 8. Cornwallis surrendered to 
Washington at Yorktown, October 19. 

1782. Birth of Daniel Webster, in New Hampshire, January 18. E. Hazard, 
postmasier general, January 28. Birth of John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, 
March IS. The "Hyder Ally," Lieutenant Joshua Barney, took "General Monk," 
April 8. Great Seal of the United States adopted, June 20. British left Savan- 
n.^h, July 11. Robert Aitken, of Philadelphia, published the first English Bible 
in America. Hon. Tapping Reeve began first law school in the United States, 
Litchfield, Conn. The "America," the first 71-gun ship built in the United 
States, launched at Portsmouth, N. H., and was given to France. Preliminary 
peace declared at Paris, November 30. 

1783. Webster's spelling book put in schools. John Armstrong wrote 
"Newburg Address," advising the army to act for itself. Birth of Wachington 
Irving, April 3. Society of Cincinnati formed, June 19; Washington first 
ju'esident. Jay negotiated a treaty with Great Britain, in Paris, September 3. 
Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., founded. Washington made farewell address 
to army, November 2. British evacuated New Y'ork, November 25. Washington 
resigned his commission, December 23. Maor General Henry Knox, December 23. 

1784. First trading ship to China left New York, February 22. Eight 
bales of cotton were sent to England from Charleston as first export. King's 
College, N. Y., became Columbia, May 1. Captain John Doughty, June 20. 
Lieuienan'.-Colonel Joshia Harmar, August 12. "American Daily Advertiser," 
the first daily newspaper in America, was begun ni Philadelphia, Sepjtember 21. 
The Six Natoins made a treaty with the United States, at Fort Stanwix, 
OcLober 21. Methodist General Conference, in Lovely Lane Chapel, Baltimore, 
December 24, organized the Amercian Episcopal Church in the United States. 

1785. Dr. Benjamin Rush, of Philadelphia, published "The Effects of Ardent 
Spirits on the Human Body and Mind," beginning the temperance movement. 
Eagle adopted as the national emblem. University of Georgia, Athens, and 
Universtiy of Nashville, Tenn., founded. 

1786. Rev. John Carroll was made vicar-general by the Pope, and he fixed 
his residence at Baltimore, Md. Winfield Scott was born at Petersburg, Va., 
June 13. Falmouth, Me., incorporated, July 4, and named Portland. Shay's 
rebellion in Massachusetts, excited by lawsuits for debts. 

1787. A convention of fifty-five members met in Philadelphia, May 14, and 
framed a constitution, "to form a more perfect union." Congress made laws 
for government of the Northwest territory, July 13, and expressly forbade 
slavery in it. Congress, July 23, gave forever Lot No. 16 of every township of 
public land for maintenance of public schools. The Constitution sent to Con- 
gress, September 17. Delaware ratified the Constitution December 7. Pennsyl- 
vania ratified the Constitution December 12. New Jersey ratified the Constitu- 
tion December 18. 

1788. Georgia ratified the Constitution Janutry 2. Connecticut ratified 
the Constitution January 9. Massachusetts ratified the Constitution February 7. 
New Englanders settled at Marietta, April 7, the first settlement in Ohio. Mary- 
land ratified the Constitution April 28. South Carolina ratified the Constitutoin 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 299 

May 23. ISew Hampshire ratified the Constitution June 21. Virginia ratified 
the Constitution June 26. New York ratified the Constitutoin July 26. "New 
York Journal and Register" appeared, first daily in New York. New York City 
was made the captial of the Union September 13. Maryland ceded Congress ten 
miles squar in Maryland for seat of government, December 23. John Cleves 
Symmefe settled in Cincinnati, Decembehr 28. 

17S9. First Congress met in New York March 4. The Constitution was 
made the law of the Union, March 4. George Washnigton, President of the 
Untied States, April 30; John Adams, Vcie Presdient; Wm. Mooney foi-med 
T-rimmany Society of New York, May 12. Department of Foreign Affairs 
established July 27; War Department established August 7; Alex. Hamilton, 
Secrttarj of the Treasury, Sept. 11; Henry Knox, Secretary of War, September 
12; Department of Foreign Affairs made Department of State, September 15; 
Office of Attorney-General established, September 24. Thos. Jefferson, Secretary 
of State; Ed. Randolph Attorney-General, and Sam. Osgood, Postmaster-General, 
September 26. John Jay was made Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Sept. 
26. North Carolina ratified the Constitution November 21. Virginia gave ten 
miles square for seat of Government, December 3. Washington. 

1790. Congress met at Philadelphia January 4. Patent Office established 
April 10. Death of Benjamin Franklin, April 17. First copyright law of the 
United States passed April 30. Rhode Island ratified the Constitution May 29. 
Congiess selected Washington, D. C. for Federal Capital July 16. Samuel Slater 
orecter a cotton mill at Pawtucket, R. I., beginning the cotton manufacture in 
the United States. Jacob Perkins, of Massachusetts, invented the first machine 
for cutting nails. General Harmar defeated by Indians in Ohio, October 22. 
First census; population, 3,929,214. 

1791. National Bank chartered February 8. New York State Agricultural 
Society established February 26, the first in the United States. Vermont added 
to Union March 4. Maor-General Arthur St. Clair, March 4. Rev. Samuel 

•Hopkins published "System of Theology." Timothy Pickering appointed Post- 
master August 12. University of Vermont, Burlington founded. "Territory of 
Columbia" and 'City of Washington" named September 9. General St. Clair 
defeated by Indians November 4. First ten amendments to Constitution, pro- 
posed in 1789, declared in force December 15. 

1792. Mr. Jefferson wrote Tim. Pickering, March 28, "to know if the post 
whicli was then carried at the rate of 50 miles a day, could not be expedited by 
100 n:;iles. Major General Anthony Wayne, April 13. First United States mint 
established at Philadelphia, which began decimal coinage. Captain Robert Gray, 
of Boston, entered and named the Columbia River, May 11. Kentucky added 
to ihe Union June 1. Presidential candidates: George Washington and John 
Adams, Federalists; Thomas Jefferson, Geo. Clinton, and Aaron Burr, Repub- 
licans. Coinage of eagles, half-eagles, and quarter-eagles (gold) begun. 

1793. Geol-ge Washington, John Adams; Thos. Jefferson Secretary of State; 
Alex. Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury; Henry Knox, Secretary of War's Ed. 
Randolph, Attorney-General; Timothy Pcikering, Postmaster-General. Edmond 
Genet, agent of the Trench Republic, landed at Charleston, April 8, to seek 
American aid. President Washington laid the corner stone of the capitol, at 
Washington, April 18. Eli Whitney, of Massachusetts, nivented the cotton gin. 
Williams College, Massachusetts, founded. Wm. Maxwell began the "Sentinal 



300 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of the Northwest," at Cnicinnati, the first western newspaper. 4,000 people 
died o]' yellow fever in Philadelphia. 

1794. Ed. Randolph, appointed Secretary of State, January 2. Wm. Brad- 
ford apponited Attorney-General, January 27. Whiskey rebellion in western! 
Pennslyvania, excited by the excise law. Bowdoin College, Maine, founded. 
General Wajne defeated the Indians on the Maunxee, August 20. Fort Wayne,. 
Indiana, built October 22. Public debt, $80,747,587. 

179".. Tim. Pickering appointed Secretary of War, January 2. Oliver 
Wolcott appointed Seci'etary of Treasuary, February 2. Joseph Habersham 
appointed Postmaster-General, February 25. Union College, Schnectady, N. Y., 
founoed. Lnidley Murray published "English Grammar." Rev. Wm. Patten 
copyrighted "Christianity the True Theology," May 9, the first copyjight in the 
LTnited states. Jay's treaty with Great Britain ratified June 24. John Rutledge,. 
July 1. By treaty, the United States got from Spain the use of New Orleans 
port for ten years. Tribute paid to Dey of Algiers to release Americans. Tim- 
othy Pickering was appointed Secretary of State, and Chas. Lee AttorneyGeneral 
December 10. Public schools established by act of the Legislation of New Y'ork. 

1796. Moses Cleveland, of Connecticut, laid ,out Cleveland, Ohio. James 
McHenry appointed Secretary of War, January 27. Oliver Ellsworth, March 4. 
Tennessee added to the Union June 1. Washington made farewell address to 
the American people September 17. Brig. -Gen. James Wilkinson, December 15. 
Presidential Candidates: John Adams and Th-os. Pinckney, Federalists; Thomas 
Jefferson, Aaron Burr, Sam Adams, etc.. Republicans. Baltimore, Md., made a 
city, December ol, James Calhoun being the first mayor, 

1797. John Adams. President; Thos. Jefferson, Vice-President; Timothy 
Pickering, Secretary of State; Oliver Wolcott, Secretary of Treasuary; James 
McHenry, Secretary of War; Chas. Lee. Attorney-General; Jos. Habersham, 
FostmasterGeneial. When the French government demanded "much money" 
to Iceep peace, Mr. Pinckney answered, "Millions for defence, not a cent for 
tribute." First grand chapter of Masons in United States, in Philadelphia, 
October 24. The French began hostilities on the ocean. Adams. • 

1798. Eleventh amendment to the Constitution proposed in 1794, in force 
January S. Congress established Navy Deparimeut, George Cabot, Secretary, 
May o. Benjamin Stoddert appointed Secretary May 21. Jos. Hopkinson wrote 
"Hail Columbia." Congress passed the Alien Lavv^, June 25, empowernig^ the 
President to banish dangerous aliens. Lieutenant-General George Waslinigton, 
July 13. Congress passed the Sedition Law, July 14, directed against opponents 
of ihe govtinment. The President, substituting X. Y. Z, for names of French 
agents that asked tribute, referred it to Congress; war followed. Virginia 
passed resolutions, December 2, against the Alien and Sedition Laws. 

1799. The "Constitution," Captain Truxton, took the B^rench ship, "L' Insur- 
gente," Tebruary 9. Congress passed the first Quarantine Act, Febi'uary 23. 
Navy Yard established at Washington. "Association for the Improvement of 
Common Schools" formed at Middleton, Conn. Death of George Washington, 
December 14. Major General Alex. Hamilton, Dec. 14. 

2800. "Charleston, (S. C.) Courier, appeared January 1. John Marshall 
appointed Secretary of State and Sam Dexter Secretary of War, May 13. Con- 
gress Library founded. The Navy Yard at Portsmouth, N. H., came into the 
possession of tlie United States, June 12. Gabriel's insurrection in Virginia. 
Brig Gen. James Wilkinson, June 15. Site purchased for a Navy Y'ard at 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 301 

Chark'ston, Ma&s., August 30. Presidential Candidates: Thomas Jefferson and 
Aaron Burr, Republicans; John Adams, Chas. C. Pinckney, and John Jay, 
Federals. Spain -secretly ceded Louisiana to France October 1. Congress met 
in Washington for the first time, November 17. Population of the United 
States, 5,308,483. 

3 801. Samuel Dexter appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Januaryl. John 
Marshall, January 31. Roger Griswold appointed Secretary of War, February 3, 
and Tbeo. Parsons, Attorney-General. February 20. Brooklyn Navy Yard estab- 
lished. Jefferson and Burr, having tied on 73 votes, the House on February 17, 
electea Jeft'erson. Thomas Jefferson, President; Aaron Burr, Vice-President; 
Jas. Madison, Secretary of State; Samuel Dexter, Secretary of the Treasury; 
Henry Dearborn, Secretary of War; Levi Lincoln, Attorney-General; Benjamin 
Stoddert, Secretary of Navy; Jos. Habersham, Postmaster-General. Albert 
Galladn was appointed Secretary of Treasury, May 14. Tripoli declared war 
against the United States, June 10. Gosport Navy Yard established. Robert 
Smith appointed Secretary of Navy July 15. Gideon Granger was appointed 
Fostmaster-Genera], November 28. The President complained of office-holders, 
'"that few died and none resigned." .Jefferson. 

1802. Excise tax repealed March 16. Military Academy, at West Point, 
founded. The Spanish governor of New Orleans closed the port against 
Americans. Ohio was added to the Union November 29. 

1803. President Jefferson gave France $15,000,000 for the Louisiana Terri- 
tory, April 30. Oliver Evans, of Delaware, devised the first dredge for deepen- 
ing the channels of rivers. Sailors of New York Cily went on a strike. First 
load of authrar-ite coal taken into Philadelphia. Apple parer invented. Orestes 
A. Brownson was born in Vermont, September 16. United States took possession 
of Nev»' Orleans, December 20. ( 

3 804. Lieutenant Decatur entered harbor of Tripoli, February 16, and burnt 
the "Philadelphia." Baptists organized the first Bible Society in the United 
States. Aaron Burr and Alex. Hamilton fought a duel, July 11, the latter being 
killed. Commodore Preble bombarded Tripoli, August 3. Twelfth amendment 
to the Constitution declared inforce, September 25, by which distinct candidates 
for President and Vice-President be voted for. Presidential Candidates Thomas 
Jefferson and George Clinton, Republicans; Chas. C. Pinckney and Rufus King, 
Federals. Public debt, $82,312,150. 

1805. New Orleans made a city, February 17, Joseph Mather, mayor. 
Thomas Jefferson, President; Geo. Clinton, Vice-President; James Madison, 
Secretary of State; Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury; Henry Dearborn, 
Secretary of War; Robert Smith, Attorney-General; J. Crowinshield, Secretary 
of the Navy; Gideon Granger, Postmaster-General. Peace made with Tripoli, 
June 4. Hiram Powers, sculptor, born in Vermont, July 29. Lewis and Clarke 
reached .the Rocky Mountains, near Helana, July 19. John Breckenridge 
appointed Attorney-General, August 7. Lewis and Clarke reached the mouth 
of the Columbia River. November 7. Jefferson. 

1806. Great Britain passed an order in Counsil, May 16, declaring the 
blockade of the European coast from the Elbe to Brest. Andrew Jackson and 
Chas. Dickinson fought a duel. May 30, the latter being killed. Webster 
published "Complete Dictionary of the English Language." Zebulon M. Pike 
discovered Pike's Peak. Tailors formed the first trades union in the United 
States. Napoleon, at Berlin, declared the British ports blockaded November 21, 



802 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1807. Caesar A. Rodney appointed Attorney-General, January 20. British 
frigate "Leopard" took four seamen from the "Chesapeake" June 22. The 
"Clermont," the first successful steamer, devised and built by Robert Fulton, 
went from New York City to Albany, August 11. Aaron Burr tried and acquitted. 
Great Britain forbade the neutrals to trade with France, without paying tribute 
to Great Britain, November 11. Congress passed "Jefferson's Embargo," Decem- 
ber 2'j., forbidding any vessel to leave an American port. 

1S08. Act forbidding the importation of slaves took effect January 1. The 
Pope created the Sees of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Bardstown, Ky., 
April S. St. Louis "Republic" appeared, the first paper in St. Louis. Jefferson 
Davis born in Kentucky, August 3. Presidential Candidates: James Madison 
and Geo Clinton, Republicans; C. C. Pinckney and Rufus King, Federalists. 

3 809. Edgar Allan Poe born in Boston, January 19. Abraham Lincoln born 
in Kentucky, February 12. Congress repealed the Embargo Act, March 3, and 
passed the Non-Intercourse Act, forbidding Americans to trade with Great 
Britain or France. James Madison, President; George Clinton, Vice-President; 
Robert Smith, Secretary of State; Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury; Wm. 
Eustis, Secretary of War; Caesar A. Rodney, Attorney-General; Paul Hamilton, 
Secretary of Navy; Gideon Granger, Postmaster-General. Madison. 

1810. Captain Winship built the first house in Oregon. Penn's "Treaty- 
Tree" blown down, March 3. Steel pens came into use. A general postoffice 
was established in Washington, April 30. Frst Agricultural exhibition in the 
United States was held at Georgetown,N. C, May 10. The Presbytery of Cum- 
berland, Ky., was formed. Population of United States, 7,239,881. 

1811. Chas. Sumner born in Boston January C. James Munroe was 
appointed Secretary of State, April 2. The "President" fired into "Little Belt" 
May IC. "Orleans" built at Pittsburg, was the first steamer on the Ohio and 
Mississippi. John Jacob Astor founded Astoria. Hezekiah Niles began "Niles 
Weekly Register," September 7, in Baltimore. "Buffalo Gazette" appeared, 
October 1, the first newspaper in Buffalo. Gen. W. H. Harrison defeated Ellswa- 
tawa, a brother of Tecumseh, at Tippecanoe, November 7. Wendell Phillips 
was born in Boston,, November 29. Wm. Pinckney was appointed Attorney- 
General, December 11. 

1812. Major Henry Dearborn, January 27. Louisiana added to the Union, 
April 30. President declared war against Great Britain. June 18. Great Britain 
repealed Orders in Council, June 23. "Uncle Sam," after Samuel Wilson of 
Troy, came into use. The British took Mackinaw, July 17. General Hull sur- 
rendered Detroit to Brock August 16. The "Constitution" took the "Guerriere," 
August 19. Battle of Queenston Heights, October 13. The "Wasp" took the 
British frigate "Frolic" October 18. The "United States" took the "Macedonian" 
October 25. Presidential Candidates: James Madison ana Elbridge Gerry, 
Republicans; De Witt Clinton and Jared Ingersoll, Federalists. The "Constitu- 
tion" took the Java" December 29. 

1813. Wm. Jones appointed Secretary of the Navy, January 12. John 
Armstrong appointed Secretary of War, January 13. The "Hornet" took the 
Britsih "Peacock," February 24. James Madison, President; Elbrdige Gerry, 
Vice-President; James Munroe, Secretary of State; Albert Gallatin, Secretary 
of Treasury; John Armstrong, Secretary of War; Wm. Pinckney, Attorney- 
General; Wm. Jones, Secretary of Navy; Gideon Granger, Postmaster-General. 
General Dearborn took Toronto, April 27. Dearborn took Fort George, May 27. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 303 

The "Shannon'" took the "Chesapeake" June 1. The "Enterprise" took the 
British "Boxer" September 5. Perry defeated Barclay at Lake Erei, September 
10. Harrison crushed Proctor at Thames, October 5. Chrysler's Farm, Novem- 
bei- 11. McClure burnt Newark, December 10. The British burnt Buffalo 
December 30. Madison. 

1814. George W. Campbell was appointed Secretary of Treasury, February 
?; and Roihard Rush Attorney-General Februai-y 10. Return of J. Meigs, as 
Postmaster-General, March 17. General Brown defeated Riall at Chippewa, 
Jiily 5. Battle of Bridgewater, or Lundy's Lane, July 25. General Ross burnt 
Yv ashinglon, August 24. Commodore Macdonough defeated Downie, and General 
Macomb defeated Prevost, at Plattsburg, September 11. Genei'al Ross was 
killed at Baltimore, September 13. While the British bombarded Fort McHenry, 
September 14, Francis S. Key composed the "Star Spangled Banner." James 
Moni'oe v, as appointed Secretary of War, September 27, and Alex. J. Dallas 
Secietary of the Treasuary, October 6. The "Hartford Convention" was held 
December 15. B. W. Crowninshield was appointed Secretary of the Navy, Dec- 
ember 19. Treaty of Paris, December 24. Public debt $99,833,660. 

J 815. General Jackson defeated the British at New Orleans, January 8, 
Sir Ed. Pakenham being killed. Wm. Tudor began the "North American 
Review." The "Intelligencer' appeared in Kaskaskia, the first paper in Illinois. 
Major-General Jacob Brown, June 15. Commodore Decatur took two Algerine 
fihi])s, E.nd, sailing into the Bay of Algiers, forced the Dey to sign a Treaty, 
June 30. Wm. H. Crawford was appointed Secretai-y of War, August 1. Terrific 
gale and flood in New England, September 23. 

1816. The "Boston Recorder" appeared January 3. Congress passed the 
Compensation Bill, by which members were to get $1,500 a year, instead of $6.00 
a aay. U. S. Bank chartered for twenty years, April 10. The American Bible 
Society was organized in New York City, May 8. The "Ontario," built at 
Sacketfs Harbor, was the first steamer on Lake Ontario. Coldest summer ever 
known. ^Vm. H. Crawford was appointed Secretary of Treasury, October 22. 
Presidential Candidates: James Monroe and D. D. Tomkins, Republicans; 
Rulus King and John E. Howard, Federalists. Indiana was added to the Union, 
December 11. 

1817. James Monroe, President; D. D. Tomlvius, Vice-President; John Q. 
Adams, Secretary of State; Wm. H- Crawford, Secretary of Treasury; George 
Graham, Secretary of War; Richard Rush, Attorney-General; B. W. Crownin- 
shield, Secretary of Navy. Return of J. Meigs, as Postmaster-General. Rush 
Bagot "Ireaty," April 28, fixing the number of war vessels that the United 
States and Great Britain may keep on inland waters. Governor Clinton of New 
York, at Rome, broke ground for the Erie Canal, July 4. First Seminole War. 
The i.eople said "The era of good feeling has begun." Hartford, Conn. "Times" 
appeared. John C. Calhoun appointed Secretary of War, October 8; and Wm. 
Wirt Attorney-General, November 13. Mississippi admitted to the Union Dec- 
ember 10. 

181S Daniel Webster successfully argued the "Dartsmouth College Case" 
March 10. Congress established the flag of the United States, April 4, limiting 
the stripes to thirteen, putting twenty stars in the Union, and providing that 
an additional star be inserted for each new admitted state. Gen. Jackson 
executed Alex Arbuthnot and Robert C. Ambrister, for inciting the Indians to 
war. Jackson took Pensacola, May 27. Convention with Great Britain, October 



304 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

20, acknowledging the right of the United States to the Newfoundland fisheries. 
Illinois admitted into the Union December 3. Smith Thompson was appointed 
Secretary of theNavy, November 9. 

1819. Florida was purchased from Spain for $5,000,000, February 22. The 
"Savannah" a sidewheel steamer, left Savannah May 24, reaching Liverpool 
June 20. "Walk-in-the-Water" was the first steamer on Lake Erie. Manchester 
Unity introduced Oddfellowship into the United States. Champlain Canal com- 
pleted. Cleveland "Herald" appeared. Alabama admitted into the Union, Dec- 
ember 14. 

1820. Wm. T. Sherman was born in Ohio, February 8. The "Missouri 
Co.nipromise," making Missouri a slave State, but prohibiting slavery elsewhere 
north of 12J^ degrees and west of Mississippi was passed March 12. Maine was. 
released from Massachusetts and admitted to the Union March 15. Commodore 
Decatur and Commodore Barron fought a duel, March 22, the former being killed. 
The priiiffrs of Albany, N. Y., went on a strike, originating the words "scab" 
and "rat." First Stock Exchange in New York. No President nominated. 
Topuiation, 9,633,822. 

1821. Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of Maryland and the United States, 
instituted February 22. Bill passed to admit Missouri, February 28. James 
Monroe, President; D. D. Tomkins, Vice-President; John Q. Adams, Secretary 
of State; Wm. H. Crawford, Secretary of Treasury; John C. Calhoun, Secretary 
of War; Wm. Wirt, Attorney-General; Smith Thompson, Secretary of Navy; 
Return J. Meigs, Postmaster-General. Amherst College, Massachusetts, founded. 
Mrs. Emma Willard began a school for women at Troy, N. Y. Missouri 
admitted to Union, AugustlO. Mobile "Register" appeared. 

1822. "Indiana Gazette," "Indiana State Sentinel" appeared January 28. 
Boston made a city February 23, John Phillips being the first mayor. United 
States recognizes the Sotith American republics as independent sovereignties. 
U. S. Grant was born in Ohio, April 27. Extension of National road from 
Wheeling to Mississippi. Americans founded a negro Republic at Liberia, 
Africa, for African freedmen. Cotton mill erected aL Lowell, Mass., beginning 
the city. St. Louis, Mo., made a city December 9, Wm. Carr Lane being the 
first mayor. 

1823. "Zion's Herald, of Boston, appeared January 1. The Indianapolis 
Journal" appeared March 7. John McLane appointed Postmaster-General, June 
26. Rev. Samuel Reed Hall established the first Normal School for training 
teachers, at Concord, Vermont. John Rogers appointed Secretary of Navy, 
September 1. Francis Parkman born in Boston, September 16. Samuel L. 
Southard appointed Secretary of the Navy,. September 16. The "Monroe 
Doctrine," America is for Americans, explicitly announced December 1. 

1824. "Boston Courier" appeared. The House of Refuge, New York City, 
conceived by Ed. Livingston, founded; it was the first reform school for juvenile 
delinquents in the world. Clay passed a high tariff bill. Detroit made a city 
August 5, John R. Williams, first mayor. Lafayette landed at New York, August 
15. Presidential Candidates: Andrew Jackson, John Q. Adams, W. H. Craw- 
ford, and H. Clay for President; John C. Calhoun, Nat. Sanford, Nat. Macon, 
and Andrew Jackson for Vice-President. This was the "scrub" race; no candi- 
date got a majority. Public debt, $83,788,432. 

1825. The House made Adams President; John C. Calhoun, Vice-President; 
Henry Clay, Secretary of State; Richard Rush, Secretary of Treasury; James 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 305 

Barbour, Secretary of War; Wm Wirt, Attorney -General; Samuel L. Southard, 
Secretary of Navy; John McLean. Postmaster-Greneral. "Sunday Courier," of 
New York, appeared, the first sunday newspaper. Lafayette laid the corner 
stone of the Bunker Hill monument, June 17. Homeopathy introduced into 
the United Staes by Dr. Hans B. Gram. Navy Yard established at Pensacola. 
Rev. Isaac McCoy, ( Baptist) preached first English sermon in Chicago, October 9. 
After eight years of great toil, the Erie Canal, "Clinton's Big Ditch," was opened 
October £G. 

iS26. Clay and Adams "bargain' hotly debated. "American Society for 
the promotion of Temperance" formed in Boston, February 13. Clay and 
Randolph fought a duel, April 8, but neither was hurt. "New Orleans Bee" 
appealed. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died July 4. Wm. Morgan, of 
Patavia having threatened to expose Free Masonry, mysteriously disappeared. 
James Kent wrote 'Commentaries on American Law." Tramway built at 
Qnincy, Mass. 

1827. A national convention of protectionists met at Harrisburg, Pa., 
July SO, and declared for a proctective tariif. Alex Campbell founded the 
"Disciples of Christ." An angel gave Joseph Smith the plates and the Urim 
and Thunmiiu, near Manchester, N. Y., September 22, from which he gathered 
the "Book of Mormon." 

1828. Joseph Smith organized the Mormnn Church April 6. Congress 
passed what is called "Tariff of Abominations," May 15. Peter Porter was 
appointed Secretary of War May 26. Paper first made of straw, at Meadville, 
Pa. Major-General Alexander Macomb, May 29. Chas. Carroll, at Baltimore, 
broke ground for the first steam railroad in the United States, July 4. Presiden- 
tial Candidates: Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun, Democrats, for Presi- 
dent and Vice-President; John Q. Adams and Richard Rush. National Repub- 
licans, for President and Vice-President. Noah Webster published "Distionary 
of the English Language." First popular vote for President. 

1S29. Andrew Jackson, President; John C. Calhoun, Vice-President; Martin 
Van Buren, Secretary of State; Sam. D. Ingham, Secretary of Treasury; John 
a. Raton, Secretary of War; John M. Berrien, Attorney-General; John Branch, 
Secretary of the Navy; Wm. T. Barry, Postmaster-General. The "Stourbridge 
Lion," tiie first locomotive in the United States, arrived from England. Presi- 
dent Jackson displaced hundreds of civil servants, to make places for his 
followers. The Postm.aster-General was made a cabinet officer. Samuel Rust 
invented the Washington press. The schooner "Michigan" for an exibition, was 
sent ever Niagara Falls. 

1830. "Great Debate in the Senate," against and for nullification. Thuiiow 
Reed began the "Journal," at Albany, N. Y., March 22. At the President's 
birthday celebration, he proposed "Our Federal Union; it mustbe preserved;" 
the Vice-President followed with "Liberty, dearer than the Union." Peter 

Cooper built the first American locomotive at Baltimore. The Baltimore & Ohio 
railroad (14 miles) was opened May 24, beingethe first steam railroad in the 
United States. Jos. E Worsester published his Dictionary. Audubon published 
"The Birds of America." Population, 12,866,020. 

1831. Wm. Lloyd Garrison began the "Liberator," in Boston, January 1 
the first abolition paper. New York University, New York City, chartered 
April 18. Detroit "Free Press" appeared May 5. Levi Woodbury was appointed 



S06 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Secretary of Navy May 28. Ed. Livingstone appointed Secretary of State, 
May 24; and Roger B. Tanoy, Attorney-General, July 20. Harrisburg "Tele- 
graph" appeared. Lewis Cass appointed Secretary of War, August 1, and Louis 
McLane appointed Secretary of Treasury, August S. Wm. T. Porter began 
"Spirit of the Times," N. Y., the first sporting paper. Presidential nominations 
first maae by conventions. Anti-Masons, of Baltimore, September 26, nominated 
Wm. Wirt, President and Amos Ellmaker, Vice-President. United States Naval 
Home, at Philadelphia, opened December 4. The National Republicans, at 
Baltimore, December 12, nominated Henry Clay, President, and John Sergeant, 
Vice-President. 

1832. Buflalo made a city April 20, Ebenezer Johnson, mayor. , Tire Demo^ 
mats, at Baltimore, May 2J, nominated Jackson for for President, and M. Van 
Buren for Vice-President. Senator Marcy, of New York, said"To the victors 
belong the spoils." Black Hawk began war. The "Democrat and Chronicle," 
of Rochester, appeared. The President vetoed the United States Bank Bill, 
July 10. Cholera. Cincinnati "Times" appeared. Black Hawk was captured. 
Ihe State Convention, at South Carolina, vetoed the Tariff Acts, November 19, 
and declared the supreme soverignty of the State. President Jackson declared 
the soverignty of the Union, December 16, and threatened military coercion, 
forcing the nullifiers to yield. 

1833. Webster, replying to Calhoun, said, February 16, "There can be no 
secession without a revolution." Clay's Compromise Tariff passed February 26. 
.-Vndiew Jii'-'kson, Preside at, Martin Van Buren, Vice-Presdeint; Ed. Livingstone, 
Secretary of State; Louis IMcLane, Secretary o^ Treasury; Lewis Cass, Secre- 
tary of War; Roger B. 'IVvriey, Attorney-General; Levi Woodbury, Secretary of 
Navy, Wm. T. Barry, Postmaster-General. Louis McLane was appointed Secre- 
tary of State, and Wm. J. Daane, Secretary of Treasury, May 29. Benj. H. Day 
began the "Daily Sun," N. Y., September 3, the first cent paper io. the United 
Slates. Ikdger B. Taney, was appointed Secretary of Treasury, S' ptember 23. 
Taney took public funds from the United Staes Bank, October 1. The sky was 
filled with meteors and falling stars, November 13. Benj. F. Butler appointed 
Attorney-General, November 15. 

li^Jl. Brooklyn, N. Y., made a city, April 8, Geo. Hall first mayor. Cyrus 
Ilfill McCoiraick, invented a reaping machine, the first ever used Abolition 
riots in New York City. National Republicans became Whigs. John Forsyth 
^•■as &p]»OMited Secretary of State, and Levi Woodbury, Secretary of Treasury, 
June 27. Mahlon Dickerson was appointed Secretary of Navy, June 30. Indian 
Territory formed June 30. Castle Garden Club Association formed, the first 
Ir the Unite-.'. States. A mob burnt St. Urusla Convent, Mount Benedict, Mass., 
August 11. Public debt $33,733. 

1S35. The Buffalo "Commercial" appeared January 1. "Cold Saturday," 
February 7; Chesapeake Bay frozen over. Osceola began the second Seminole 
War. Samuel Colt began to make revolving fire arms at Paterson, N.J. Amos 
Kendall appointed Postmaster-General, May 1. James Gordon Bennett began 
the New Yoiiv "Herald" May 6. Mints established at Charlotte, N. C, Dahlouega, 
Ga.. and New Orleans. At New York City University, Sam. F. B. Morse showed 
the first instrument for telegraphis recording. The "Nashville Union" appeared. 
Osceola r.iiirdered Major Dade and 110 soldiers. $20,000,000 fire in New York 
City December 16. 

1S?A'. Cleveland, Ohio, made a city, March 5, John W. Willey first mayor. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 307 

Roger B. 'lauey, March 15. Sam Houston, defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto, 
April 2, niaking Texas an independent State. The. "Toledo Blade" appeared. 
The Americar. and Foreign Bihle Society was formed in New York, May 12, 
Arkansas admitted to the Union, June 15. President issued "Specie Circular," 
July 11, insisting that public lands be paid for in silver and gold. The "Wis- 
confcin" of Milwaukee, appeared. Presidential Candidates: Martin Van Buren 
and Richard M. Johnson, Democrats; Wm. H. Harrison, Daniel Webster, etc., 
Wliigs. Lnited States Post Office and Patent Office, at Washington, destroyed 
by fire, December 15. "The Visitor," the predecessor of the Dubuque Herald, 
the first i.aper in Iowa, appeared at Dubuque. 

1837. New Orleans "Picayune" appeared, January 25. Michigan admitted 
to I'nion, January 26. Martin Van Buren, President; R. M. Johnson, Vice- 
President; John Forsyth, Secretary of State; Levi Woodbury, Secretary of 
Treasury; Joel R. Poinsett, Secretary of War; B. B. Butler, Attorney-General; 
Mahlon Dickerson, Secretary of Navy; Amos Kendall, Postmaster-General. 
Chicago made a city, March 4, Wm. B, Ogden, mayor. Grand Rapids "Demo- 
crat" ap^jeaied. Massachusetts Board of Education organized, Horace Mann, 
secretary. Milwaukee "Sentinel" appeared. The "Baltimore Sun" appeared. 
Great financial panic. Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy shot by a mob at Alton, 111., 
November 7. Wm. L. Mackenzie arrived in Buffalo December 10. Col. McNab 
cast "Ccroline" over Niagara Falls, December 29. 

183S. "The Great Western" and "Sirius," two British steamships, arrived 
at New York; April 23. Members of "Hunter's Lodges" burnt "Sir Robert Peel" 
on the St. Lawrence, May 29. James K. Paulding appointed Secretary of the 
Navy, June 25. Several States repudiated their debts. Felix Grundy appointed 
Attorney-General, July 5. Gen. ScoLt removed the Cherokees beyond the 
Mississippi. Von Schoultz landed 180 men at Prescott, Canada, November 11. 
Territory of Iowa organized and cognomen "Hawkeye" adopted. 

1839. Virginia Military Academy established at Lexington. First general 
expre.-'S in the United States was begun by Wm. F. Harnden, from Boston to 
New York. The "Da,ily American" (Evening Journal), appeared, April 9, the 
fiist daily :n Chicago. Anthracite coal first successfully used to smelt iron in 
rennsylvani£. Mormons settled at Nauvoo, 111. First printing press west of 
the Rocky Mountains set up at Walla Walla. Anti-rent troubles in New York. 
Aiicient Order of Foresters introduced into the United States. The Whigs, at 
Harrisburj;, Pa., December 4, nominated Wm. H. Harrison for President, and 
Johr. Tyler for Vice-President. 

1S40. Henry D. Gilpin, appointed Attorney-General, January 11. The 
Democrats, at Baltimore, May 5, nominated Van Buren for President, the States 
to nominarca Vice-President. John M. Niles was appointed Postmaster-General, 
May liK The "Sub-Treasury Act," the establishment of a government treasury, 
oecame a law, July 4, effecting a "Divorce of Bank and State." Samuel Cunard 
established the first line of steamships between the United States and Liverpool, 
First (lection campaign was a "Hard cider campaign," the Wig cry being 
"Tippecanoe and Tyler too." Population 17,069, 453. 

1841. Wm. H. Harrison, President; John Tyler, Vice-President; Daniel S. 
Vv'ebster, Secretary of State; Thos. Ewing, Secretary of the Treasury; John 
IJell, Secretary of War: John Crittenden, Attorney -General ; Geo. E. Badger, 
Secretary of Navy; Francin Granger, Postmaster-General. Death of President 
Harrison, April 4. JohnTyler, installed President, April 6. Horace Greely 



308 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

began the New York "Tribune," April 10. Major General Winfield Scott, July 5. 
The Sub-Treasury Act was repealed, August 9. The Bankruptcy Act wa.s 
passed, August 19. Tyler broke with the Whigs, September 9. The Pittsburg 
"Chronicle-Telegraph" appeared. John McLean appointed Secretary of War; 
V/alter forward, Secretary of Treasury; Hugh S. Lagare, Attorney-General; 
Abel P. I'pshur, Secretary of Navy and Chas. A Wickliffe, Postmaster-General, 
September 3 3; John C. Spencer was appointed Secretary of War, October 12. 
The Broklyn "Eagle" appeared October 26. 

1842. Croton water system at New York, opened, July 4. High tariff 
imposed. Beginning of fiscal year changed from January 1st to July 1st, 
September 28. Daniel Webster and Lord Ashburton tixed the Maine boundry, 
made 49.30 degrees the boundry line from Lake of Woods to the Rock Moun- 
tains, and arranged for the extradition of criminals, September 9. The Univer- 
sity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, opened. September 20. Sons of Temperance 
organized in New York, September 29. Order of Odd Fellows separated from 
Manchester Unity. Cincinnati "Enquirer" appeared. Dorr's rebellion in Rhode 
Islau.i. Abraham Lincoln married Miss Mary Todd, November 4. 

.3 843. John C. Spencer was appointed Secretary of Treasury, March 3. 
Bankruptcy Act repealed, March 3. James M. Porter appontedi Secretary of 
War, M--irch S. Hugh S. Legare appointed Secretary of State, May 9. John 
Nelson appointed Attorney-General, July 1. Abel P. Upshur appointed Secre- 
tary of Slate, and David Henshaw, Secretary of the Navy, July 24. Dr. Whit- 
man led -00 immigrants into the valley of the Columbai River. Great comet 
visible in caytime. The Liberty Party, at Buffalo, August 30, nominated James 
G. Birney for President, and Thomas Morris for Vice-President. John C. Fre- 
mont and Kit Carson, in a leather boat, explored Great Salt Lake. 
1844. Wm. Wilkins was appointed Secretary of War; and Thos. W. Gilmer, 
Secretary of Navy, February 15. John C. Calhoun was appointed Secretary of 
State, March 6; John Y. Mason, Secretary of Navy, March 14. The Whigs, at 
Baltimore, May 1, nominated Henry Clay for President, and T. Frelinghuysen 
for Vice-i'resident. First electrec telegraph in the United States worked between 
Baltimore pnd Washington, May 24, Professor Morse's message being "What 
hath God ■Vvrought?" The Democrats, at Baltimore, May 27, nominated James 
K. Polk for President, and Geo. M. Dallas for Vice-President. George M. Bibb 
was appointed Secretary of Treasury, June 15. Jos. Smith and his brother, 
Hiram, were shot at Carthage, 111., Brigham Young becoming President of the 
Mormon Church. United States Naval Observatory at Washington, erected. 
Public debt, $15,925,303. 

184;'. Florida admitted to the Union, March 3. James Knox Polk, Presi- 
dent; Geo. M. Dallas, Vice-President; James Buchanan, Secretary of State; 
Robert J. Walker, Secretary of Treasury; W. L. Marcy, Secretary of War; Geo. 
Bancroft, Secretary of Navy; .John Y. Mason, Attorney-General; Cave Johnson, 
Postmaster-General. $10,000,000 fire in Pittsburg, Pa., April 10. Hosts of immi- 
grants coming: into the United States. John A. Robling erected suspended 
aqueduct of Pennsylvania canal across the Monongahela. United States Naval 
Academy opened at Anftapolis. Dr. Wm. T. J. Morton, of Boston, discovered 
the anesthetic properties of ether. Texas admitted to the Union December 29. 

3 846. Pittsburg "Despatch" appeared. Milwaukee made a city, January 31, 
Sol. Juneau, mayor. Oregon excitement, the cry being "Fifty-four-forty or 
fight." Sub-Treasury Act re-passed. Mexicans began war. Gen. Tyler defeated 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 309 

ILe Mexicans at Palo Alto, May 8. Congress declared war against Mexico, 
May 13. Elias Howe patented his sewing machina. Treaty at Washington, 
settling the Oregon bound ry line, at 49 degrees, June 15. "Wilmot Proviso" 
failed to pass. John Y. Mason appointed Secretary of Navy, September 9. 
Taylor look Monterey, September 24. Smithsonian Institute, at Washington, 
establifihed. Nathan Clifford appointed Attorney-General, October 17. Boston 
"Herald" jippeared. Iowa admitted to the Union, December 28. 

1847. Thos. Alvin Edison born in Ohio, February 11. General Taylor de- 
feated Santa Anna at Buena Vista, February 23. Adhesive postage stamps, 5 
eent and 10 cent stamps, authorized, March 3. Richard M. Hoe, of New York, 
l-roduced the first rotary printing press. Philadelphia "Item" appeared. 
American. Medical Association formed. Chicago "Tribune" appeared, June 10. 
Moses G. i'armer, of Dover, N. H., showed the first electric passenger car, July 
2(.>. Scott took the City of Mexico, September 14. The Mormons reached Salt 
Lake. Henry Ward Beecher installed pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, 
November 11. 

1848. Gold discovered on the Sacramento River, January 19. Peace with 
Mexico, February 2: the United States getting Upper California and New 
Mexico, and paying to Mexico $1.5,000,000. Free Soil Party appeared, their cry 
being, "Free soil, free speech, fee labor, and free men." The Democrats, at 
Baltimore, May 22, nominated Lewis Cass for Pi'sident, and Wm. O. Butler for 
Vice-President. Wisconsin admitted to the Union, May 29. The Whigs, at 
Philadelphia, June 7, nominated Zachery Taylor for President and Millard 
Fillmore for Vice-President. Isaac Toucey_ was appointed Attorney-General, 
June 2i. Naval station established at New Orleans. The Des Moines "Leader" 
ai)peared. The Free Soilers, at Buffalo, August 9, nominated M. Van Buren for 
President, and Chas. F. .Adams for Vice-President. 

1849. Elizabeth Blackwell, was the first woman to be a M. D., in the 
United States. Fortune hunters rushed to California. Congress formed the 
Department of the Interior, March 3, with Thos. H. Swing, Secretary. Zachary 
Taylor, President ; Millard Fillmore, Vice-President; John M. Clayton, Secre- 
tary of State; Wm. M. Meredith, Secretary of Treasury; Geo. W. Crawford, 
Secretary of War; Reverdy Johnson, Attorney-General; Wm. B. Preston, Secre- 
tary of Navy; Jacob Collamer, Postmaster-General. G. H. Corliss, of Providence, 
R. I., introduced trip gear in steam engines. Detroit "Tribune" appeared. 

1S50. Webster made a "Union speech," March 7. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 
April 19. San Francisco madea city, May 1, John W. Geary.mayor. President 
died July 9. Millard Fillmore installed, July 10. Daniel Webster was appointed 
Secretary of State: Tlios. Corwin, Secretary of Treasury: Wm. A. Graham, 
Secretary of Navy; Winfield Scott, Secretary of War; James A. Pearce, Seci-e- 
tary of Interior; John J. Crittenden, Attorney-General; Nathan K. Hall, Post- 
July ?i. Chas. M. Conrad was appointed Secretary of War, and Thos. McKer- 
non, Se.'r>Mary of the Interior, August 15. California admitted into the Union, 
September 9. Alex. H. H. Stuart, was appointed Secretary of the Interior, 
September 12. Harper's Alagazine appeared. Population 23,191,876. 

1851. Y. M. C. A. established in Boston. Directors of the Erie railroad 
went from New York to Dunkirk, April 28, opening the road. Neal Dow's 
Maine law (prohibition) passed June 2. Wm. L. Crittenden, for aiding the 
>Cubans, was shot at Havana, August 16. The "America" beat the "Aurora" 
laround the Isle of Whight, August 22. Henry J. Raymond began the New 



310 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 

York '"I iines," September 18. "Underground railroad" helping fugitive slaves, 
put in opejation. New York editors banquetted Louis Kossuth, December 13, 
originating the Press Club. Northwestern University, at Evanston, 111., founded. 
i.V52. Rise of America, or "Know Nothing" Party, a secret society opposed 
to the' appointment of foreign-born citizens to office. The Democrats, at Balti- 
more, ..Tune 1, nominated Franklin Pearce for President, and Wm. R.. King, for 
Vice-President. The Whigs, at Baltimore, June 16, nominated Winfield Scott 
for Presir'eut, and Wm. A. Graham for Vice-President. John P. Kennedy was 
appointed Secretary of the Navy, July 22. The "Globe Democrat" of St. Louis, 
appeared. Harvard and Yale had their first boat race, August 3. Free Soil 
Geo. W. Julian, for Vice-President. Sam. D. Hubbard was appointed Postmaster- 
General, August 31. Great Britain and France suggested the "Tripartite 
Treaty," to guarantee Cuba to Spain. 

1853. Franklin Pierce, President; Wm. R. King, Vice-President; Wm. L. 
Marcy, Secretary of State; James Guthrie, Secretary of Treasury; Jefferson 
Davis, Secretary of War; James C. Dobbin, Secretary of Navy; Robert Mc- 
Clelland, Secretary of the Interior; Caleb Gushing, Attorney-General; James 
Campbell, Postmaster-General. The United States paid Mexico $10,000,000 for 
the Mesilla Valley. Navy Yard established at Mare Island, Cal. New York 
Central Railroad organized, April 2 The seizure of Martin Kostza, an Austrian 
claiming American citizenship, and his rescue by an American man-of-war, ex- 
cited the naturalization question. Second world's fair opened in New York, 
July 14. New York clearing house established, October 11, the first in the 
United States. Public debt, $35,586,956. 

1854. The "Black Warrior" was confiscated in Havana, February 28. Mint 
was f.stublished in San Francisco. Congress passed Stephen A. Douglass' 
"Kansas-Nebraska" Bill, May 31, dividing Nebraska into Nebraska and Kansas, 
and making slavery optional to settlers. A naval station was established at 
Key West. Reciprocity Treaty with Canada was ratified, June 5. The North- 
ern Whigs became "Anti-Nebraska" men. Messrs. Buchanan, Mason and Soule 
were sent from Aix-la-Chapelle, to Congress, the "Ostend Circular," advising 
the acquisixion of Cuba, by purchase or by force. 

1855. First registration of letters. The President dismissed the British 
Minister and the British Consuls at New York, Philadelphia and Cincinnati, for 
sanctioning the enlistment of men for the British army. Missourians traversed 
Kansas and terrorized the settlers opposed to slavery. Wm. Walker and H. L. 
Kinney tried to establish an American colony on Mosquito coast. John A. 
Roebling finished the Niagara Suspension Bridge. 

1856. The American Party at Philadelphia, February 22, nominated Millard 
Fillmore President, and A. J. Donelson Vice-President. The "Anti-Nebraska" 
men became Republicans. Preston S. Brooks brutally assaulted Chas. Sumner 
in the Senate, May 22. The Democrats, at Cincinnati, June 2, nominated James 
Buchanan, President, and John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President. Autobiography 
of Peter Cartwright appeared. The Republicans, at Philadelphia, June 17, nom- 
inated John C. Fremont,President and Wm. L. Dayton, Vice-President. Ocean 
telegraph was laid from New York to St, Johns, Newfoundland. The San 
Francisco "Call" appeared. 

1857. James Buchanan, President; John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President; 
Louis Cass, Secretary of State; Howell Cobb, Secretary of the Treasury: John 
B. Floyd, Secretary of War; Jeremiah S. Black, Attorney-General; Isaac Toucey, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 311 



Secreta:y of Navy; Aarou V. Brown, Postmaster-General; Jacob Thompson, 
Secretary of Interior. Justice Taney decided against Dred Scott, Harch. 6, a 
negro that claimed freedom because he had sojourned in a fee state; Taney 
f-ecided that a slave, not being a citizen, could not bring a case into court. 
The.'L, was a financial panic, many banks stopping payment. The"National 
Emancipation Society" was formed at Cleveland, August 26, to end slavery by 
government purchase. 

185S. Gold was discovered in Colorado. The Comstock silver lode was 
discovered in Nevada. Minnesota added to the Union, May 11. Iron deposit 
boxes tor letters were first used in the streets of Boston, August2. The first 
Atlantic cable was put down; it soon failed. First overland mail, that left St. 
liouis. f?ej)tember 16, reached San Francisco, October 10. 

1859. Oregon admitted to the Union, February 14. Jos. Holt was appointed 
Postmaster-General, March 14. The Boston "Commercial Bulletin" appeared. 
Col. Drake sank the first successful oil well near Titusville, Pa. Severe frost 
in the northern part of the United States, June 4. Denver "Rockey Mountain 
News" appeared. John Brown captured Harper's Ferry and attmpted to liberate 
ihe slaves; Le was captured, tried, and hung, December 2. 

1860. The Republicans, at Chicago, May 16, nominated Abraham Lincoln, 
for President, and Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President. The American Party, 
at Baltimoie, May 19, nominated John Bell for President, and Ed Everett for 
Vice-President. The President vetoed the Homestead Bill, which would have 
given settlers land for 25 cents an acre. The Douglass Democrats, at Baltimore, 
June 18, nominated Stephen A. Douglass for President, and H. V. Johnson for 
Vice-President. The Southern Democrats, at Baltimore, June 28, nominated 
John C. Breckenridge for President and Jos. Lane for Vicc-Pi-esident. Philip S. 
Thomas was appointed Secretary of Treasury, December 12. Jeremiah S. Black 
vas appointed Secretary of State, December 17. The "Crittenden Compi'omise" 
was offered December 18. Ed. M. Stanton was appointed Attorney-General, 
December 20. South Carolina seceded from the Union, December 20. Popula- 
tion 31,443,321. 

1861. Confederates fired on the "Star of the West" January 9th, beginning 
the Civil War. Mississippi seceded January 9; Florida seceded January 10; 
Alabama seceded January 11. John A. Dix was appointed Secretary of Treasury 
January 11, and O. S. Holt, Secretary of War, January 18. Georgia seceded 
January 19; Louisiana seceded January 26-. Kansas admitted to Union January 
29. TcNas seceded February 1. The Confederate States of America were formed 
at Montgon.ery, Ala., February, with Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander 
H StOj'litns as Vice-President. Horatio King was appointed Postmaster-General 
February 12. Abraham Lincoln, President; Hannibal Hamilton, Vice-President; 
Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of State; Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of Treasury; 
Simon Cameron, Secretary of War; Ed. Bates, Attorney-General; Gideon Welles, 
Secietary of the Navy; Montgomery Blair, Postmaster-General; Caleb B. Smith, 
Secretary of the Interior. Major Anderson evaucated Fort Sumpter, April 14. 
Virginia seceded April 17. The Confederates took Harper's Ferry, April 18. 
The "Plug uglies" of Baltimore attacked the Sixth Massachusetts regiment, 
April 19. The Confederates took the Norfolk Navy Yard, April 20. Arkansas 
seceded, May 6; North Carolina seceded May 20. Col. Ellsworth was shot at 
Alexandria, Virginia, May 24. Tennessee seceded, June 8. Beauregard defeated 
McDowell at Bull Run, July 21. General Lyon was defeated and killed at 



512 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



V.'ilson's Creek, August 10. Fort Hatteras was captured, August 29. The Fed- 
erals were defeated at Ball's Bluff, October 21. Major-General Geo. B. McClellan 
apoointed November 1. Point Royal captured November 7. Captain Chas. 
Wilkes ol the "San Jacinto" took from the "Trent" John Slidell and John Y. 
Mason, November 8. 

1S62. Slidell and Mason released, January 1. Ed. M. Stanton appointed 
SecretaxT of War, January 15. Grant took Fort Donelson, February IG. "Green- 
backs" were made a legal tender. Duel of the "Monitor" and the "Merimac" 
March 9. Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7. Commodore Farragut and General Butler 
look New Orleans, April 25. Bureau of Agriculture created. May 15. Battle 
of Fair Oaks, May 31. Sioux Indian Massacre in Minnesota. Seven Days' 
battle, June 25 to July 1. Major-General Henry W. Halleck appointed July 23. 
Jackson defeated Pope at Bull Run, August 30. Battle of Antietam, September 
17. Lee defeated Burnside at Fredericksburg, December 13. Rosecraus defeated 
Brags at Murfreesboro, December 31. 

1863. Proclamation of Emancipation, freeing all slaves in seceded states, 
went into effect, Januaryl. John P, Usher was appointed Secretary of the 
Interior, January 8. Act establishing National Banks was passed, P'ebruary 23. 
Habeas Corpus Act suspended. Conscription Act passed, Mai'Ch 3. Battle of 
Chancellorsville, May 3. West Virginia admitted to the Union, June 19. Titian 
J. Coffee appointed Attorney-General, June 22. Free mail delivery established, 
July 1. Meads repulsed Lee at Gettysburg, July 1-3. Grant took Vicksburg, 
July 4. Draft riots in New York City, July 13-lG. Letter postage made uniform 
at three cents. New Orleans "Times" appeared. Battle of Chickamaviga, Sep- 
tember 19. Battle of Chattanooga, November 23-25. 

1864. General U. S. Grant commissioned, March 9. Assay office establishes 
at Denver. Battle of the Wilderness, May 5-6. Battle of Spottsylvania Court 
House, May 12. The Radicals, at Cleveland, May 31, nominated J. C. Fremont 
for President, and John C. Cochrane for Vice-President. Battle of Cold Harbor, 
June 3. The Republicans at Baltimore, June 6, nominated Lincoln for Presi- 
dent, and Johnson for Vice-President. The "Kearsarge" sank the "Alabama," 
June ]J. Wm. P. Fessenden was appointed Secretary of Treasury, July 1. 
Farragut entered Mobile Bay, August 5. The Democrats, at Chicago, August 29, 
nominatea G. B. McClellan for President, and George H. Pendleton for Vice- 
President. Sherman took Atlanta, September 2. Wm. Dennison was appointed 
Postmaster-General, September 24. Nevada was admitted to the Union, October 
:'.]. James Speed appointed Attorney-General, December 2. Salmon P. Chase 
apifOinted, December 6. Sherman took Savannah, December 21. Public debt, 
52,680,647,869. 

1865. The San Fi-ancisco "Chronicle" appeared, January 16. Freedmen's 
Bureau established, March 3. Abraham Lincoln President; Andrew Johnson, 
Vice-President; Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of State; Hugh McCulloch, Secretary 
or Treasury; Ed. M. Stantcn, Secretary of War; James Speed, Attorney-General; 
Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy; Wm. Dennison, Postmaster-General; 
John P. L'sher, Secretary of the Interior. Grant took Petersburg, April 2, and 
Jiichmond, April 3. Lee surrendered, April 9. John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln, 
April 14. Andrew Johnson took oath of office, April 15. Jeff Davis captured, 
May 10. Kirby Smith surrendered, May 26, ending the Civil War. The San 
Francisco "Examinei-" appeared. The "Reconstruction Committee" was 
appointed, December 4. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 313 

ISOC). Reciprocity Treaty with Canada ended, Marcli 17. Grand Army of 
the ReyabJic was organized by Dr. Benj. F. Stephenson, at Decatur, Illinois, 
April e. Civil Rights Law was passed over the President's veto, April 9. 
Fenians raided Canada. $15,000,000 fire in Portland, Maine. Tennessee i-e- 
admitted into the Union, July 23. Henry Stanbery appointed Tttorney-General, 
July 23. Alexander W. Randall appointed Postmaster-General, July 25. Orville 
H. Browning appointed Secretary of Interior, July 27. The Atlantic cable was 
successfully put down, and first message sent July 29. The first encampment 
of the G. A. R. was held at Indianapolis, November 20. The "Carpet Baggers" 
began to work the South. 

1867. Mr. Ashley charged the President with "high crimes and misde- 
meiiors," January 7. Nebraska was admitted to the Union, March 1. The 
Tenure uf Office Act was passed over the President's veto, March 2, which 
forbade the Presdient to dismiss Cabinet Officers without the Senate's consent. 
Congress passed a bill over the President's veto, March 2, dividing the dis- 
organized States into military districts. Alaska purchased from Russia for 
$7,200,000. President made General Grant Secretary of War, August 12, dis- 
placing Mr. Stanton. The Grangers, "Patrons of Industry" formed in Wash- 
ington. 

ISG.S. Senate re-installed Mr. Stanton as Secretary of War, January 14. 
The President again displaced Mr. Stanton, February 21, making General 
Thomas Secretary of War. Congress impeached the President, February 24. 
Trial of impeachment begun March 5. Navy Yord established at League Island, 
Pa. The first Grange was opened at Fredonia, N. Y., April 16. President de- 
clared "not guilty," May 16. The Republicans, at Chicago, May 20, nominated 
U. S. Grant for President, and Schuyler Colfax, for Vice-President. John M. 
Schofielo was appointed Secretary of War, May 28. The Democrats, at New 
Yorlw, July 4, nominated Horatio Seymour for President and Francis P. Blair 
for Vice-President. The fourteenth amendment to the constitution declared in 
force, July 28. The St. Paul "Despatch" appeared. The Ku-Klux-Klan was 
formed in Tennessee. The Kansas City "Times" appeared. 

isr;3. Ulysses S. Grant, President; Schuyler Colfax, Vice-President ;Elihu 
B. Washburue, Secretary of State; George S. Boutwell, Secretary of Ti'easury; 
John A Rawlins, Secretary of War; Ebenezer R. Hoar, Attorney-General; 
Adolph E. liorie. Secretary of Navy; John A. J. Croswell, Postmaster-General; 
Jacob D. Cox, Secretary of Interior. Gen. W. T. Sherman commissioned, 
March 8. Hamilton Fish appointed Secretary of State, March 11. Last tie of 
UnionP.acific Railroad laid at Ogden, May 10. G. A. R. met in Cincinnati, 
May 12. Peace Jubilee held in Boston, June 15. George M. Robeson appointed 
Secretary- of Navy, June 25. The Dubuque Telegraph established, July 7. 
Wrri. T. Sherman appointed Secretary of War. September 9. "Black Friday" 
in Wall Street, New York, September 24. Wm. W. Belknap appointed Secre- 
tary of War, October 25. Knights of Labor organized in Philadelphia. Louis- 
ville "Commercial" appeared. 

1870. Weather Bureau established, February 9. Fifteenth amendment to 
the constitution in force, March 30. G. A. R. met in Washington, May 11. 
Philadelphia "Record" appeared. May 14. Department of Justice, created, June 
22. Amos T. Ackerman appointed Attorney-General, June 23. Mint established 
at Carson City. Columbus Denalo appointed Secretary of Interior, November 1. 
Population 38,558,371. 



314 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 



1571. In January all the states were represented in Congress for the first 
time since 1860. Reform in Civil Service authorized MarchS. Los Angeles 
"Express" appeared. "Joint High Commission" met in Washington, May 8, and 
decided ihrt hatters in dispute between the United States and Great Britain be 
referred lo p tribunal of arbitration. G. A. R. met in Boston, May 10. Los 
Aiigt'les "Herald" appeared. Omaha "Bee" appeared. $200,000,000 fire in 
Chicago, Oetober 9. Great forest fires in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesata. 
(Jeorge H. Williams, appointed Attorney-General, December 14. Tribunal of 
Arbitration met at Geneva, Switzerland, December 15. 

1572. Ed. S. Stokes shot James Fisk, in New York, January 6. Chicago 
"Inter-Ocean" appeared, March 25. Post cards were introduced. The Limeral 
Republicans at Cincinnati, May 1, nominated Horace Greely for President and 
B. Gratz tor Vice-President. The G. A. R. met in Cleveland, May 8. The 
Amnesty bill was passed. May 22. The Republicans at Philadelphia, June 5. 
noniinated Grant for President and Henry Wilson for Vice-President. The 
Democrats, at Baltimore, July 9, endorsed the nomination of the Liberal Repub- 
licans. The Tribunal of Arbitration decided, September 14, that Great Britain 
pay the United Staes $15,500,000 for losses of Confederate cruisers. Horace 
Greely died, November 29. "Credit Mobilier" investigation was begun. 

1873. President's: salary was raised from $25,000 to $50,000 and Congress- 
men's from $5,000 to $7,500, "Salay grab," March o. U. S. Grant, President; 
Henry Wilson, Vice-President; Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State; Wm. A. Rich- 
ardson, Seci'etary of Treasury; Wm. of the "Virginius," November 8. Wm. 
Murcy Tweed, Tammany "boss" W. Belknap, Secretary of War; Columbus 
Delano, Secretary of the Interior. The G. A. R. met vA New Haven, May 14th. 
Nev; Haven "Union" appeared. Great financial panic. The "tramp" began to 
show itself. Spaniards, at Santiago de Cuba, murdered 53 sailors. 

1S74. Salaries of Congressmen reduced to $5,000, January 30. Morrison R. 
Waite born January 21. liCwis Miller, of Oiho, and Rev. Dr. J. H. Vincent of 
New York, originated the Chautauqua Assembly. The G. A. R. met at Harris- 
burg, May 13. Benjamin H. Bristow was appointed Secretary of Treasury, 
Jtme 1. Charley Ross, four years old, was abducted from his home at German- 
town, Pa., Julyl. The St. Louis and Illinois bridge, the first metal arched 
bridge in the world, devised by Captain Jas. B. Eads, opened July 4. James W. 
Marshall was appointed Postmaster-General, July 7. Marshall Jewell was ap- 
pointed Postmaster-General, August 24. Public. debt, $2,232,284,531. 

1875. The New Orleans "Democrat" appeared. The Philadelphia "Daily 
Times" appeared, March 13. Edward Pierrepont was appointed Attorney- 
General, April 26. Archbishop McCloskey, of New York, made Cardinal, April 
27th, the first American to get the dignity. The "Whiskey Ring" was exposed 
in th<.' west. May 1, being a collusion between distillers and revenue officers to 
defraud the government. The G. A. R. met in Chicago, May 12. Captain James 
B. Eads began to build petties, and parallel piers at the mouth of the Mississippi. 
Zachariah Chandler appointed Secretary of Interior, October 19. 

1876. Alphonso Taft was appointed Secretary of War, March 8. The 
President opened the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, May 10. The 
Greenbac'K.ers, at Indianadolis, May 17, nominated Peter Cooper for President 
and Sam. F. Gary for Vice-President. James D. Cameron was appointed Secre- 
tary of War. and Alph. Taft Attorney-General, May 22. The Republicans, at 
Cincinnati, June 14, nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for President and Wm. A. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 315 



Wheeler loi Vice-President. General Custer and his column were massacred, 
June 25. The Democrats, at St. Louis, June 28, nominated Samuel J. Tilden 
for P: • pi'.lent, and Thos. A. Hendricks for Vice-President. G. A. R. met in 

IS 77. The Washington "National Tribune" appeared. Electoral Committee 
Philadelphia, June 30. C. M. B. A. was organized a.t Niagara Falls, July 3. 
Lot M Marrill appointed Secretary of Treasury, July 7, and James N. Tyner 
Postmaster-General, July 12. Colorado admitted to the Union, August 1. 
was created to decide disputed election, January 29. Prof. A. Graham Bell 
n'^ed his t(?lephone, February 13. Rutherford B. Hayes, President; Wm. A. 
Vv'hetler, Vice-President; Wm. M. Evarts, Secretary of State; John Sherman, 
Secretary of Treasury; George W. McCrary, Secretary of War; Chas. Devens, 
Attorney-General; Richard W. Thompson, Secretary of the Navy; David M. Key, 
Postmaster-General; Carl Schurz, Secretary of Interior. Thomas A. Edison in- 
vented the phonograph. G. A. R. met at Providence, June 26. Railroad strikes. 
"Washington "Post" appeared.> Halifax Commission decided, November 27, that 
the United Slates* pay $5,500,000 for fishing privileges for twelve years. 

1>7^'. St. Paul "Globe" appeared, January 15. Bland's silver bill restoring 
the use and coinage of silver dollai'S, passed over the President's veto, February 
6. The National Labor Party amalgamated with the Greenback Party. The 
Minneapolis 'Journal" appeared. G. A. R. met at Springfield, Mass., June 4. 
Southern cities were scourged with yellow fever, 4,000 dying in New Orleans. 
The American Bar Association was organized at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 
August 21. The Cleveland "Press" appeared, November 2. Gold sold at par 
December 17th. 

1S79. Resumption of special payment, January 1. Women allowed to 
practice before the Supreme Court, February 15. Hordes of negroes migrated 
from the South to Kansas. The Salvation Army came to New York. G. A. R. 
met at Albany, N. Y., June 17. Bennett, N. Y., sent the "Jeanette" on an ex- 
ploring trip through Behring Strait. The Denver "Republican" appeared. Alex- 
ander Jvamsey appointed Secretary of War, December 12. 

1S8'». The Pittsburg "Times" appeared, February 2. Hocking Vallek strikes 
begun. The Republicans, at Chicago,. June 7, nominated James A. Garfield for 
I'residert and Chester A. Arthur for Vice-President. G. A. R. met at Dayton, 
Ohio, June- s. The Greenbackers, at Chicago, June 9, nominated James B. Wea- 
ver for President and Benjamin J. Chambers for Vice-President. The Prohibi- 
tionists, aiCleveland, June 17, nominated Neal Dow for President and A. M. 
Thompson lor Vice-President. The Democrats at Cincinnati, June 22, nomin- 
ated Winfield S. Hancock for President and W. H. English for Vice-President. 
The obelisk, given by the Khedive of Egypt, arrived in New York, July 21, 
Horace Maynard appointed Postmaster-General, August 26. The Kansas City 
"Star" a!)peared August 19. Population of the United States, 50,155,783. 

1881. Nathan Goff appointed Secretary of the Navy, January 6. James A. 
Garfield, President; Chester A. Arthur, Vice-President; Jas. G. Blaine, Secretary 
of State; Wm. H. Windom, Secretary of Treasury; Robert T. Lincoln, Secretary 
of War; Wm. H. Hunt, Secretary of Navy; Wawne McVeagh, Attorney-General; 
Thomas L. James, Postmaster-General; Samuel J. Kirkwood, Secretary of Inter- 
ior. The Chicago "Record" appeared, March 21. The Chicago "Times-Herald" 
appeared. 'Slay 10. Aurora, Illinois, was the first city in the world to light tis 
streets with electricity. The "Saturday Globe," of Utica, N. Y. appeared. Guit- 
eau.^hot the President, July 2. President Garfield died September 19. C. A. 



316 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Arthur installed into President's office, September 20. Chas. J. Folger was 
appointed Secretary of Treasury, October 27; F. T. Frelinghuysen, Secretary 
oi State, December 12; Benjamin H. Brewster, Attorney-General, December 16, 
and Timothy O. Howe, Postmaster-General, December 20. 

1882. 100,000 people were made homeless in Louisiana by the inundation 
of th' -Mississippi. Edmund's bill passed, March 22, disfranchising polygamists. 
Wm. E. Chandler was appointed Secretary of Navy, April 1; and Henry M. 
Teller Secretary of Interior, April 6. G. A. R. met in Baltimore, June 21. Chas. 
Guitoau, hang June oO. First meeting of the Chautauqua Literary and Scienti- 
fic Society, August 12. "Star Route Trial," for fraudelent practices in postal 
service, in progress. Infantry and Cavalry school opened at Fort Leavenworth. 

1883. Act passed to improve the Civil Service, January 16. Postal notes 
were first issued March 3. Walter Q. Gresham was appointed Postmaster- 
General, April 3. Brooklyn Bridge, constructed by John A. Roebling, was 
opened Maj 24. G. A. R. met at Denver, July 25. Naval ctation established at 
Port Royal, S. C. Postage on letters, not more than half ounce, 2 cents. 
Northern Pacific railroad was completed, September 8. The "Buffalo Express," 
(illustrated) appeared. General Philip H. Sheridan appointed November 1. 
Standard railroad time went into effect November IS. 

1884. Tornado in Central States, February 9. The Greenbackers, at 
Indianapolis, May 29, nominated Benjamin F. Butler for President, and A. M. 
West for A'ice-President. The Republicans, at Chicago, June 7, nominated 
James G. Blaine for President, and John A. Logan tor Vice-President. The 
Democrats,, at Chicago, July 8, nominated Grover Cleveland for President and 
Thomas A. Hendricks for Vice-President. G. A. R, met at Minneapolis, July 23. 
The Prohibitionists, at Pittsburg, July 23, nominated John P. St. John for 
President and Wm. Daniel for Vice-President. Walter Q. Gresham appointed 
Secretary of the Treasury, September 24; Frank Hatton appointed Postmaster- 
General, Ociober 14; and Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of Treasury, October 28. 
Public debt, $1,876,424,27.'5. 

1885. The Dubuque Telegraph and Democrat were consolidated under the 
name of The Telegcaph, January 5. Grover Cleveland, President; Thom. A. 
Hendricks, Vice-President; Thomas F. Bayard, Secretary of State; Dan. Man- 
ning, Secretary of Treasury: Wm. C. Endicott, Secretary of War; Wm. C. 
Whitney, Secretary of Navy; I.^. Q. C. Lamar, Secretary of Interior; Wm. F. 
Vilas, P'ost master-General; August H. Garland, Attorney-General. Letter post- 
age was fixed at one ounce or less for two cents. G. A. R. met at Portland, 
Maine, June 24. General Grant died July 23. The street car strike in St. 
Louis caused business trouble. The first electric street railway in the United 
States opened, September 1, from Baltimore to Hampden, Maryland. The Vice- 
President dying, November 25, Senator John Sherman became President of the 
Senate. Sudden death of W. H. Vanderbilt, December 8, worth $200,000,000. 

1886. The Presidential Succession Act was passed, January 19, providing, 
that, if the President and Vice-President die, the Secretary of State, or the next 
Cabinet Officer, in order of seniority, shall be President. The year of strikes; 
employers kept "black list;" employees relied on the "boycott." Civil Service 
commission organized, April 1. Haymarket riot (anarchists) at Chicago, May 
4. President Cleveland married Miss ^Frances V. Folsom, June 2. Archbishop 
Gibbons of Baltimore, made Cardinal, June 7. G. A. R. met at San Francisco, 
August 4. Earthquakes at Charleston, S. C, August 27 to Sept. 1. Statue of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 31? 

Libevty, on Bedloe's Island, N. Y., unveiled, October 28. The Brooklyn "Citizen" 
appeared. Industrial West, newspaper, added to the Weekly Telegraph. 

1887. By Act of Congress passed, March 2, the electors of President and 
Vice-President shall cast their votes on the second Monday in January. Inter- 
state Commerce Act passed February o, securing uniform railroad fares for 
passengers F.ud freight Tenure of Office Act repealed. The Mormon Church 
was dissolved March ?,. Chas. S. Fairchild appointed Secretary of Treasury, 
April 1. G. A. R. met at St. Louis, September 28. The Rochester, N. Y. 
"Times" rppeared. The anarchists, Engel, Fischer, Parson and Spies were 
hung in Chicago, November 11. The New York "Press" appeared. 

1888. ^Vm. F. Vilas was appointed as Secretary of State, and Don M. 
Dickinson, Postmaster-General, January 16th. The Prohibitionists, at Indian- 
apolis, May 30, nominated Clinton B. Fisk for President, and John A. Brooks 
for Vice-i'rt sident. The Democrats, at St. Louis, June 5, nominated Grover 
Cleveland for President, and Allan G. Thurman for Vice-President. The Repub- 
licans, at Chicago, June 19, nominated Benjamin Harrison for President, and 
Levi P. Morton for Vice-President. Melville W. Fuller, July 20. Lieutenant 
General John McAllister Sehofield, August 14. G. A. R. met at Columbus, 
Ohio, September 12. Lord Sackville West, the British Minister, for writing 
"Murchison Letter," was dismissed, October 30. The Independent Daily and 
Weekly added to- the Telegraph. 

1889. Department of Agriculture was created, February 11, with N. J. Cole- 
man a& Secretary. Benjamin Harrison, President; Levi P. Morton, Vice- 
President: James G. Blaine, Secretary of State; Wm. Windom, Secretary of 
Treasury; Redfield Proctor, Secretary of War; Wm. H. H. Miller, Attorney- 
General ; Benjamin F. 1 racy. Secretary of Navy ; John Wanamaker, Postmaster- 
General; John W. Noble, Secretary of Interior; Jeremiah M. Rusk, Secretary 
of Agriculture. Oklahoma Territory opened for settlement, April 22. Johnston, 
Pa., inundated, May 31, and over 2,000 drowned. Catholic University of America 
established at Washington, D. C. Minneapolis "Times" appeared. G. A. R. met 
in Milwaukee, August 28. Pan-American Congress met at Washington, Oct. 2. 
North Dakota and South Dakota admitted to Union, November 3. Montana 
adn itted to Union, November 8. Washington admitted to Union, November 11. 
The Daily Telegraph installed the first pneumatic tubes in Iowa; also flat and 
circular stereotyping outfit and Goss Perfecting Press. 

1890. W. C. T. L. organized at Cleveland. January 23. A tornado visited 
Louisville, March 27. University of Chicago founded. Merchants' Bridge, St. 
Louis, finished May 3. Acts against Trusts and Combinations passed, July 2. 
Idaho admitted to Union, July 3. Wyoming admitted to Union, July 7. Con- 
gress passed Sherman's Silver Purchase and Coinage Act, July 14, empowering 
the Treasnrer to buy 140 tons of silver every month and coin it into dollars. 
Wm. Kemmler electrocuted at Auburn, N. Y.. August 6. G. A. R. met at 
Boston, August 13. McKinley Tariff went into effect. October 6. Population, 
62,622,250. The Telegraph installed the first electric motor in Dubuque. 

1891. International Monetary Conference in Washington, January 7. 
Chas. Foster appointed Secretary of Treasury, February 25. The International 
Copyright Act passed, March 3. The citizens of New Orleans lynched eleven 
Italians for murdering Chief of Police Hennessey. March 14. Death of P. T. 
Barnum, April 7. G. A. R. met at Detroit, August 5. St. Clair River Tunnel 
opened September 19. Stephen B. Elkins, appointed Secretary of War, Septem- 



318 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 

22. Chilians assaulted the crew of the "Baltimore," October 16, for which 
Chili made reparation. 

Great floods in the West. "High Water Mark Monument" at Gettysburg, 
dedicated June 2. The Republicans, at Minneapolis, June 7, nominated Benj. 
Harrison for President, and Whitelaw Reid for Vice-President. The Demo- 
crats, at Chicago, June 21, nominated Grover Cleveland for President, and 
Adlai PJ. Stevenson for Vice-President. The Prohibitionists, at Cincinnati, 
June 29 nominated John Nidwell for President and Jas. B. Cranfill for Vice- 
President. John W. Foster appointed Secretary of State, June 29. The Grand 
Rapids "ilerald" appeared July 1. The People's Party, at Omaha, July 2, 
nominated Jas. B. Wea\er for President and Jas. G. Field for Vice-President. 
Gold Standard established August 2. G. A. R. met at Washington 21. 

189:1. Grover Cleveland, President; Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice-President; 
Walter Q. Gresham, Secretary of State; John G. Carlisle, Secretary of Treas- 
ury; Dan. S. Lamont, Secretary of War; Richard Olney, Attorney-General; 
Hilary A. Herbert, Secretary of Navy; Wilson S. Bissell, Postmaster-General; 
Horace Smith, Secretary of Interior: J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agricul- 
ture. The President opened the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, 
May ]. Engine No. 999 on the New York Central Railroad, went 112i/^ miles 
an hour May 11. The Paris Tribunal of Arbitration decided, August 15, that 
Behring Strait be open and seals protected. G. A. R. met at Indianapolis, 
September 0. The World's Parliament of Religions, met at Chicago, September 
1]. Carter K. Harrison, Mayor of Chicago, assassinated, October 28. 

1894. The Lenox Committee, for investigating the police department of 
New York, began January 30. Coxey's "Industrial Army" — idle men, tramps, 
and criminals — straggled from Ohio to Washington. Republic of Sandwich 
Islands established, July 4, and recognized by the United States. During a 
strike of the Pullman car builders, Chicago, Eugene V. Debs became prominent; 
United States troops stopped the rioting. The Wilson Tariff became a law, 
August 27. G. A. R. met at Pittsburg, September 12. Death of Oliver Wendell 
Holmes, October 7. Public debt, $1,701,033,661. 

1895. Soldiers dispersed street car strikers in Brooklyn, January 19. 
Wni. L. V.ilson appointed Postmaster-General, March 1. Congress suppressed 
lottery Iraffic, March 2. Richard Olney appointed Secretai'y of State, June 8. 
G. A. R. rnet at Louisville, September 11. Major-General Nelson Appleton 
Miles, October 5. Judson Harmon appointed Attorney-General, March 12. The 
President, L^ecember 17, submitted the correspondence to reestablish the Vene- 
zuela boundry to Congress. 

1896. Utah admitted to the Union, January 4. H. H. Holmes, the greatest 
murderer of modern times, executed at Philadelphia, May 7. Cyclone swept 
through St. Louis, May 27. The Prohibitionists, at Pittsburg, May 28. nomin- 
ated Joshua Levering for President and Hale Johnson for Vice-President. The 
Republicans, at St. Louis, June 18, nominated Wm. McKinley for President, and 
Garret A. Hobart for Vice-President. The Socialistic Labor Party, at New 
York, July 9, nominated Chas. H. Hatchett for President, and Mat. Maguire 
for Vice-President. The Democrats, at Chicago, July 10, nominated Wm. J. 
Bryan for President, and Arthur Sewall for Vice-President. David R. Francis 
was appointed Secretary of the Interior, September 1. G. A. R. met at St. 
Paul, September 3. 

1897. Immigration Restriction Bill passed over the President's veto, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 319 



March 3. Wni. McKiniey, President; Gai'ret A. Hobart, Vice-President; John 
Sherman, Secretary ot State; Lyman J. Gage, Secretary of Treasury; Russell 
A. Alger, Secretary of War; John D. Long, Secretary of Navy; Cornelius N. 
Bliss, Secretary of Interior; Jos. McKenna, Attorney-General; Jas. A. G£|,ry, 
Postmasttr-General; James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. Ambassador 
Bayard obtained the log of the "Mayflower" April 29. Greater New York in- 
corpcated, May 4. The Dingley Bill went into effect July 24. G. A. R. met 
at Buffalo, August 26. Rush for Alaskan gold fields. Death of Chas. A. Dana, 
October 17. Robert A. Van Wyck elected first mayor of Greater New York, 
November 2. 

1898. Six members of a family cremated at Jersey City, Jan. 3. Railroad 
accident near Bangor, Maine; four killed and many injured, January 30; 
Battleship "Maine" sunk at Havana Harbor, with nearly all on board lost, 
February 17. $50,000,000 placed at the disposal of the President; William O. 
LaVake murdered at Dubuque, Iowa; coroner's jury accuse John McGarry of 
the murder, March 9. Press Feeders' strike in Chicago; about 500 out, April 6. 
Great Englisii victoi'y on the Nile; great snowslide in Alaska in which seventy- 
five lives were lost, April 11. Spanish Minister demands passports and leaves 
Waf-hington; North Atlantic squadron sailed from Key West to blockade 
Havana, April 21. Spanish Cabinet decides to treat American Privateers as 
pirai,es; April 24. $500,000,000 bonds authorized to be issued; Spanish capture 
steamer "(Jity of Paris" worth $5,000,000, April 25. Bombardment of Mantanza; 
W. J. Bryan offers his services in our Spanish war, April 28. Spanish fleet at 
Manila destroyed. May 1. First American blood spilled. Ensign Bagley and 
two sailors killed. May 12. Members of Spanish Cabinet resign. May 16. Call 
for 75,000 more volunteers; Warship "Oregon" arrived safe at Juniper Inlet, 
Fla., May 25. W. J. Bryan, offered his services to the President; received no 
reply. May 30. The "Merrimac" sunk in channell at Santiago by Hobson, 
June 4. l-'ilipinos declare their independence, June 21. The Spanish fleet des- 
troyed by Schley and Sampson, July 3. Bombardment of Santiago commenced; 
Spain asks for a ten days' truce, July 11. Santiago surrendered, July 14. 
Servora and his fellow prisioners attend Divine Worship, July 18. Bryan's 
Nebraska Silver Batallion, on the way to the front, July 19. Spain humbly 
asks for i-eace, July 27. Spain accepts terms of peace offered by the United 
States, August 6. Peace proclaimed; panic in Madrid, August 15. W. J. Bryan, 
a hero among the sick and wounded, September 16. The warships "Oregon ' 
and "Iowa" ordered to Manila; W. J. Bryan stricken with malarial fever, 
September 28. 

1900. William Goebel mortally wounded by assassin's bullet, January 30. 
Fire by an explosion at Norwich, Conn., loss $1,000, 000, February 3. Fire in 
St. Louis, loss about $1,000,000, February 4. 125 men buried in an explosion 
at Red Ash Mine, West Virginia, March 6. Four men killed by an explosion 
at Pomplon, N. J., March 9. Columbia Theater, Chicago, burned, loss $200,000, 
March CO. Fire at Newport, Ark., loss $500,000, April 2. Fire at Brooklyn, 
flames swept nine acres, April 10. Gen. Otis relieved from command by Gen. 
McAithui, May 5. Prier, McCormick & Co., Exchange Brokers, failed, liabilities 
!?13,0('0,000, May 24. Rev. Dr. Richard S. Slovis, famous Congregational minis- 
ter, died at age of 81 years, June 5. McKiniey and Roosevelt nominated at 
Philadelj)hia by acclamation^ June 21. Bryan was nominated by the Demo- 
crats at Kansas City, July 5. Galveston disaster, 7,000 deaths and loss $25, 



320 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOWA. 



dOO.OUO, September 8. Aiiieritan troops ordered to be withdrawn from Pekin, 
China, Seplember 25. Tornado in Minnesota, ten killed and property loss 
$5(U),()0(', Oeiober (!. John Sherman, ex-Secretary of State, died October 21. 
Census oureau announce population of United States as 74,f)27,9ti7, October 30. 
McKinley and Roosevelt, Republican candidates for President and Vice-Presi- 
dent elected. McKinley 7,226,26(>: Bryan (Democrat) 6,415,387. Eight persons 
drowned by shipwreck during a storm on Lake Erie, December 9th. 

1901. Steamer Jagua lost on reef at Golden Gate, Cal., and 30 to 40 
drowned, January 4. Tlieatre panic in Cliicago, eight crushed to death and 
twenty injured, January 12. Prince of Wales proclaimed king, with title of 
Edward Vli., January 26. Dynamite disaster at Durango, Mexico, 87 Icilled, 
February 7. General Miles promoted to Lieutenant-General, February 18. 
Steamship "Rio Janeiro" founded and 128 lost, February 22. Ex-President 
Harrison died at Indianapolis, Ind., aged 6S, March 12. Patrick Donahue, the 
founder of the Boston "'Pilof' died at the age of 90, March IS. Auginaldo, the 
Filipino leader captured by Gen. Funston, March 25. Heavy freshets in Eastern 
anl Central States, loss .?3,000,000, April 20. Floods in East Tennessee; eight 
lives lost; damage over $1,000,000, May 22. Mine explosion near Dayton, Tenn., 
in which 21 miners were killed, May 27. Flood disaster in the Elkhorn Valley, 
W. Virginia, 3G killed, June 24. Intense heat in Eastern States; 435 deaths in 
New York in two days, July 2. President McKinley proclaimed free trade 
between Porto Rico and the United States, July 25. Steamer "Golconda" cap- 
sized near Paducah, Ky., and 35 were drowned, August 19. President McKinley 
sliot, September 6. President McKinley died, September 14. Czolgoez, the 
assatfcin of President McKinley, sentenced, September 26. Czolgoez executed, 
Octob?r 28. The Dubuque Telegraph and Herald consolidated under the title 
of "The Telegraph-Herald," November 1; the latter was the oldest paper in 
iowa. Shipwreclv in a severe gale, 160 lives lost, November 13. Earthquake 
at Salt I.,ake City, Utah, November 13, causing a $.^>00,000 damage. Supreme 
Court decided that the Philippine Islands are American Territory within the 
meanina; of the tariff laws, December 2. Marconi received the first wireless 
message across *:he Atlantic, December 12. The Court of Inquiry censured 
Schley on ihe following points: Disoliedience of orders in the Colon attack of 
May Sist, the Bi'ooklyn loop, injustice to Hobson and misleading reports. 
Admiral Dewey alone held that: The voyage to Cienfunegas and Santiago was 
made with all possible dispatch; that Schley's blockade was effective, and that 
he is entitled to the credit for the victory of July 3. 

"J 902. Steamship Walla Walla sunk and forty people drowned, January 3. 
General F. J. Herron died in New^ York City, age 62, January 8. Forty-four 
miners drowned by the rtooding of the Juniper Mine, January 14. Earthquake 
shocks in Missouri, Kansas and Illinois, January 25. Heavy fall of sleet in 
Arl-arsas, damage in Little Rock .$500,000, January 29. Thirteen men killed 
by explosion of gas main in Chicago, February C. Fire in Patterson, N. J., 
twenty-six blocks burned; loss $6,000,000, February 9. Fire in Park Avenue 
Hotel, eighteen killed, February 22. Prince Henry of Prussia arrived in New 
York, February 23. Fourteen killed and many injuied by a snow slide at 
Telluride, Colo., February 28. The overflow of the Tennessee River caused 
death of twenty and loss of $4,000,000, March 30. Sixteen miners killed by an 
explosion at Dayton, Tenn., March 31. Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage died, April 12. 
The burning of the Steamer City of Pittsburg cost 60 lives, April 20. Volcanic 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 321 

eruption of Mount Pelee, burned If^O persons, May 3. Steamer in Bay of Bengal 
foundered and over 700 persons were lost, May <J. Eruption of Mt. St. Pierre, 
loss of life oO.OOO: St. Vincent same day 1,700, May 8. An evplosion of naptha 
near Pittsbuig caused great loss of life, and damage of $''J(HJ,U00, May 12. Gas 
explosion at mine, Soal Creek, Tenn., 220 killed, May 19. Tornado in Illinois, 
11 peopl'. killed and $2,000,000 damage, June 11. Destructive wind and rain 
at Alton, Illinois, loss ?1, 000,000, June 29. The President issues proclamation 
deela'ing Filipino \yar at an end, July 3. Fourth of July casualities in the 
United States 31 killed. Pope Leo XUI., twenty-fourth anniversary of his 
corv)n;ition, July 6. Explosion in mine near Johnstown, Pa., 115 miners killed, 
July 10. Severe earthquake shock felt in California, July 30. Storms at 
Kaisas City, Mo., loss $100,000, and at Trenton, N. J., $250,000, August 10. 
Chas. L. Fair and wife killed by an automobile accident, August 14. One 
hundred and five drowned by the sinking of a pontoon in Siberia, August IS. 
Earthquake in the Philippine Island, 50 killed, August 27. Eruption of Mount 
Pelee again, 1,600 lives lost, August 30. Another eruption of Mount Pelee, 2,000 
killed, September 3. Steamship "Kronprinz Wilhelm" sailed from Cherburg 
to New York in five days 11 hours and 57 minutes, September 16. Fifty thou- 
sand houses destroyed and 2,000 Killed by a typhoon in Japan, October 18. 
Armour & Co., Sioux City, Iowa, burnt out, loss $900,000, November 15. Boiler 
explosion at Swift & Go's, Chicago, 13 killed, November 29. Lincoln Hotel, 
Chicago, destroyed by fire, 14 killed, December 3. 

1903. Lisasterous hurricane and tidal wave at Society Island, 1,000 lives 
lost; violent storm swept over Indiana, Illinois and Ohio, February 5. Fire at 
Rockford, ill., loss $2,000,000, February 11. The steamer "Olive" went down 
in a cyclone, 20 lives lost, February 16. Fire in Cincinnati, loss $2,000,000, 
February 20. Nineteen men drowned by the capsizing of a ferryboat at Speir 
Falls, March 7. The explosion of an oil tank at Olean, N. Y., killed twenty 
persons, March 9. Ten persons killed by an explosion at Minneapolis, April 25. 
Convention for good roads held at St. I^ouis, April 27. Mysterious upheaval 
in Turtle Mountain at French, N. \V. T., caused 5G deaths and destroyed $1,500, 
000 woith of property, April 29. Physicians and surgeons met at Washington, 
May 12. rloods at North Topeka, Kan., 48 deaths and $2,000,000 of property 
destioyed. May 27. Cyclone at Gainesville, Ga., 100 killed and 200 injured, loss 
$5,000,000, June 1. Ames & Co., bankers, of Toronto, failed, liabilities $10,000, 
000, June 2. Lou Dillon made world's wagon record for trotters, 2:04% at 
Cleveland, June 28. Two hundred miners killed by fire damp explosion at 
Hanna, Wyo , June 30. Flood at Oakford, Pa., killed 50 persons, July 5. Chris- 
tian Endeavor Congress at Denver, Colo., July 9. Pope Leo XIII. died at the 
age of 93, July 20. The Benevolent Order of Elks met at Baltimore, July 21. 
General Miles retired from U. S. Army, August 8. The Colombia senate rejected 
the Panama canal treaty, August 31. The "Reliance" defeated the British 
yacht "Shamrock III." winning the cup, Septemberl. Violent hurricane in New 
York, 18 deaths, September 16. Fast Mail train on the Southern railroad fell 
75 feet from a trestle, September 29. 

1904. Fire in State Capitol, Des Moines, loss $500,000, January 1. Colli- 
sion on Rock Island railroad at Willard, Kan., 17 killed and 57 injured, Jan- 
uary 6. Storm at Mound ville, Ala., killed 37 and wounded 100, January 22. 
Sixteen Killed by falling of a cage and 190 by fire damp at Victor, Colo., Jan- 
uary 26. The reply of Russia to Japan's note by Viceroy Alexeroff, February 6. 



322 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Fire at Baltimore, 140 acres in heart of city destroyed, loss $50,000,000. Actual 
hostilities l)egun by Japan, February S The canal treaty with Panama i-atifled 
by the United States, February 2;'.. Fire at Rochester, N. Y., loss $2,500,000, 
February It;. Hotel under construction at New York collapsed killing 21, 
March 2. Great flood at Wyoming Valley, damage $ti,500,000, March 10. Earth- 
kauy eshocks in New England, March 2]. Pettingell & Co., newspaper adver- 
tising agents, failed for .|1, 000,000, March 26. Two thousand pounds of powder 
exploded on board the U. S. Battleship Missouri, killing 29, April 12. World's 
Fair opened at St. Louis with inaugural ceremonies, April 30. Cloudburst in 
Colorado caused 20 deaths, April 21. Fire at Peoria, 15 deaths and property 
loss about $1,300,000, June 4. The New York excursion steamer "General 
Slocum" burned and SI 2 lives were lost, June 15. Republican National Con- 
vention at Chicago, June 21. Roosevelt and Fairbanks nominated by the Repub- 
licans at Chicago, for President and Vice-President, June 23. Steamer Norje, 
bound for New York sunk and 800 were lost, June 28. Wreck on the Wabash 
railroad, 19 killed and 40 injured, July 3. Democratic National Convention 
met at St. I.ouis, July G, and nominated Parker and Davis for President and 
Vice-President, July 10. 72,000 butchers strike in Chicago, July 12. Wreck 
of an excursion train near Chicago, 18 killed and SO injured, July 12. 30,000 
operatives in cotton mills at Fall River strike, July 25. Japan demands the 
surrcnde)' ol Port Arthur; refused, August 20. Fifteen persons tilled in a 
tornado at St. Paul; property loss $2,500,000, August 22. Railroad collision 
ac New Market, Tenn., 62 killed and 125 injured, September 24. Wreck on the 
Missouri Pacific, 20 killed and 60 injured, October 10. New York electric under- 
grouTul subway opened to the public, October 27. The election for President 
in the United States res\ilted as follows: Roosevelt, 7,640,661; Parker, 5,094,091. 
General attack on Port Arthur began November 26. Japanese captured 203 
Meter Hill, December 1. First armistice at Port Arthur for burying the dead, 
December 3. 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY 



1906-7 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 



OELWEIN CITY GOVERNMENT. 



City Hall, s Frederick nw cor First st 
west. 
Regular meetings of the City Coun- 
cil, first Monday of each month. 

Executive Department. 

Mayor — W. A. Reed. 

Attorney — John Jamison. 

Assessor — A. M. Odell. 

City Clerk— R. E. Bales. 

Treasurer — Michael Fleming. 

City Engineer — B. F. Little. 

City Marshal — Thomas Riley. 

Deputy Night Marshal — Charles Sa- 
ger. 

Street Commissioner — S. B. Herri- 
man. 

Water Superintendent — R. E. Bales. 

Judge Superior Court — E. L. Elliott. 

Clerk Superior Court — B. E. Bales. 

Marshal Superior Court — Thomas 
Riley. 

Engineer Water Works— T. A. Rob- 
inson. 

Sewer Inspector — R. E. Bales. 

Health Officer — C. J. Cooney. 

Truant Officer — Thomas Riley. 

Board of Aldermen. 

First Ward— G. W. Eller, A. L. Hun- 
tei*. 

Second Ward— A. G. Kraft, James 
Cooney. 



Third Ward— Robert McChesney, J, 
P. Wallish. 

Fourth Ward — D. T. Corkery, R. F, 
Stewart. 

Board of Health. 

(Office City Hall) 

Chairman, Mayor W. A. Reed; G. 
W. Eller, A. L. Hunter, A. G. Kraft, 
James Cooney, Robert McChesney, J. 
F. V/allish, D. T. Corkery, Wm. Stew- 
art. 

Health Officer— C. J. Cooney. 

Sanitary Officer — Thomas Riley. 



COMMITTEES. 

Purchasing Committee. 
Chairman — D. T. Corkery. 
Committee— G. W. Eller, J. F. Wal- 
lish. 

Ordiiiance Committee. 
Chairman — Robert McChesney. 
Committeemen — A. L. Hunter, D. T. 
j Corkery. 

Cemetery Committee. 
Chairman — Robert McChesney. 
Committeemen — G. W. Eller, James 
Cooney. 

Public Grounds and Buildings, 
Chairman — D. T. Coi-kerv. 



10 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Committeemen — J. P. Wallish, G. W. 
Eller. 

Streets and Alleys. 
Chairman — R. F. Stewart. 
Committeemen— G. W. Eller, D. T. 
Corkery. 

Sidewalks. 
Chairman — A. G. Kraft. 
Committeemen — J. F. Wallish, Rob- 
ert McChesney. 

Water Works. 

Chairman— G. W. Eller. 
Committeemen — Robert McChesney, 
D. T. Corkery. 

Sewer Committee. 

Chairman — J. F. Wallish. 
Committeemen — R. F. Stewart, A. L. 
Hunter. 

Fire Department. 
Chairman — R. M. Stewart. 
Committeemen — D. T. Corkery, Jas. 
Cooney. 

Finance. 

Chairman — James Cooney. 
Committeemen — A. L. Hunter, A. G. 
Kraft. 

Street Lighting. 
Chairman — A. L. Hunter. 
Committeemen — R. F. Stewart, A. G. 
Kraft- 



Police Department. 
Headquarters City Hall 
Marshal — Thomas Riley. 
Deputy Night Marshal — Charles Sa- 
gei. 



COURTS. 

City Police Court 
City Hall, s Frederick nw cor First w. 
Sessions daily, 
.ludge — S. L. Elliott. 



Justices Courts 

Justices — Abraham Bentley, Philip 
Dowse. 

Constables — Homer McQueen, Geo. 
Kernahan. 

Superior Court 
Judge— E. L. Elliott. 
Clerk— R. B. Bates. 
Marshal — Thomas Riley. 
Official Reporter — Miss Winnie Stev- 
ens. 

PARKS. 

Rock Island Park — Second av bet e 
Charles and First av s. 

Oelwein Base Ball Park — w Charles, 
bet Stickney Boulevard and 13th av 
north. 



BOARD OF EDUCATION. 

Meets Citizens Lumber Company's 
office, sw cor First av s and First s. 

President — T. L. Hanson. 

Secretary — A. L. Hunter. 

Treasurer — W. B. CoUinson. 

Superintendent — L. B. Moffett. 

Directors — G. L. Thompson, J. B. 
Green, Wm. Flanagan, E. E. Day. 

All work done by committees of the 
whole. 

Terms of Board of Directors. 

G. L. Thompson, term expires July 
1, 190-7. 

Wm. Flanagan, term expires July 1, 
1907. 

J. B. Green, term expires July 1, 
1908. 

E. E. Day, term expires July 1, 1908. 

CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Office Fire Hall, 1st av s bet. e 
Charles and 1st street s. 4th ward. 
Chief— W. H. Meyer. 
1st Asst. Chief— E. L. Elliott. 
2nd Asst. Chief— P. F. Graff. 



OELWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



11 



Secretary — J. A. Lawrence. 
Treasurer — A. L. Hunter. 
Enginehouse Keeper — P. L. Hart- 
sough. 

Hose Company No. 1 
Foreman — Don Ross. 
Assistant Foreman — Robert King. 

Hose Company No. 2 
Foreman — C. G. Gary. 
Assistant Foreman — J. A. Lawrence. 

Hook and Ladder Company. 
Foreman — J. L. Hartsough. 
Assistant Foreman — Wm. Kleiman. 

Fire Wardens. 

First Ward — Don Ross, R. J. King. 

Second Ward — Fred Ridler, Tom 
Meskel. 

Third Ward — J. A. Lawrence, Eu- 
gene Cline. 

Fourth Ward— P. F. Graff, W. E. 
Sanders. 

Fire Police. 

Hose Company No. 1 — R. J. King. 

Hose Company No. 2 — Frank Law- 
rence. 

Hooli and Ladder Company — Thos. 
Meskel. 

Members in Good Standing. 

Members that are in good standing 
in the Oelwein City Fire Department 
from April 1, 1906, to April 1, 1907: 

W. H. Meyer, chief; A. L. Hunter, 
treasurer; P. F. Graff, secretary; J. F. 
Cole, P. L. Hartsough, Jr., Frank Law- 
rence, Ed. Hanson, Wm. Kleiman, E. 
L. Hoavey, J. W. Wood, Arthur Luth- 
mers, G. L. Skeels, J. P. Bennett, Wm. 
Hohounar, J. W. Reed, J. L. Wilson, 
W. R. Basder, J. E. Wilson, A. L. 
Hockings, F. W. Howe, W. J. Hanna, 
G. G. Gary, E. L. Elliott, Don Ross, 
James Lawrence, J. C. Oelberg, J. H. 
Wombacher, Eugene Cline, Henry 
Shomer, George Barden, C. A. Moyle, 



F. J. Ridler, A. E. Baker, W. E. San- 
ders, E. G. Tennant, A. Schmillen, A. 
R. Weber, J. T. Ridler, T. E. Meskel, 
N. G Moore. 

Oelwein City Fire Department meets 
second Tuesday of each month at 

Fire Telephones At 

Mr. W. H. Meyer, 102 4th av east. 

Mr. F. A. Robinson, City Pump 
House, 4th av east. 

Mr. J. A. Lawrence, av west. 

Mr. F. Ridler, 2nd av north. 

C. G. W. Power House, at Shops. 

P. L. Hartsough, 2nd av east. 

G. Cline, s Frederick. 

All telephones in connection with 
central for fire calls. 



SECTARIAN SCHOOLS. 

Sacred Heart Parochial School, con- 
ducted by Sisters of Mercy, for boys 
and girls, cor Seventh s and First 
av w. . 



SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. 

Oelwein Business University, 34 to 36 

s Frederick. 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

School Directors. 

T L. Hanison, president; G. L. 
Thompson, J. B. Green, H. W. Flana- 
gan, E. E. Day. 

Secretary — A. L. Hunter. 

Treasurer — W. B. CoUinson. 

Supt. of Schools— L. B. Moffett. 

High School — Cor. First south and 
Third av south. — Miss Mae Cress- 
well, prin.; lola Quigley, Gertrude 
Ayers, Agnes Crowe, Grover Blunt. 

Central School — Cor. First south and 
Third av south — Georgia Quigley, 
Lucy Mack, Gladys Anderson, Flor- 
ence McQuilkin, Jennie Mackey, 
Rena Twichell, Helen Lewis. 



12 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Harlan School — Cor. First av north 
and 4th st north — Rose Coonce, prin- 
cipal, Eva Cresswell, Florence Pren- 
tice, Anna Sitler, Ethel Paget, Mae 
Ivey, Kathryn Hoagland, Caroline 
Schultz. 

South School — First av w bet. 9th and 
10th west — Mae Boyd, principal; Ed- 
na Goetze, Bessie McCrea, Eva M. 
Baker. 

Park Side School — Northwest cor. 3% 
St. w and 6th av w. — Blanche Ayers, 
principal; Kathryn Carman, Nellie 
Hanson, Francis Bain. 



CHURCHES. 

BAPTIST. 
Primative Baptist — J. C. Jones, elder. 
SV7 cor 7th st e and 4th av e. 

Free Baptist Church^Rev. E. L. True, 
pastor, cor 1st av east and First st. 
north. Sunday services 10:45 a. m., 
8:00 p. m. 

CATHOLIC. 
Sacred Heart Church^First mass 8:30 
a. m., second 10:30 a. m.; winter 
services. First mass 8:00 a. m., sec- 
ond 10:00 a. m.; summer services. 
Sunday school after first mass. Holy 
days of obligations at 9:00 a. m. 
Fall, winter and spring evening ser- 
vices. South Frederick bet. Gth and 
7th west. 

CHRISTIAN. 
First Christian Church — Rev. J. T. 
Shreve, pastor; Sunday services: 
Bible Class 10 a. m., preaching 11:00 
a. m., Y. P. S. C. E. 6:30 p. m.; 
prayer meeting Thursday 7:30 p m. 
northeast cor w Charles and First 
av n. 

First Methodist Episcopal Church — 
Rev. G. H. Kennedy, pastor; preach- 
ing 11:00 a. m., and 7:30 p. m., Sun- 



day school 10:00 a. m., Epworth 
League 0:30 p. m., Prayer Meeting, 
Thursday 7:30 p. m. Cor. 1st av 
south and 1st st south. 

LUTHERAN. 
Zion's German Evangelical Lutheran 
Church — Rev. G. J. Zeilinger, pastor. 
Preaching 10:30 a. m., Sunday school 
9:30 a. m., English services as ad- 
vertised in papers. Fourth av 
South bet East Charles and First st. 
South. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 
First Presbyterian Church — ^Sunday 
school 10:00 a. m., services 11:00 a. 
m., and 8:00 p. m., prayer meeting, 
Thursday 8:00 p. m. East Charles 
cor. First av west. 



CEMETERIES. 

Catholic Cemetery — South side of 
Fourth St. west bet. Second and 
Third av west. 

Protestant Cemetery — North side of 
Fourth St. west bet. Second and 
Third av west. 



INCORPORATED COMPANIES. 

(See Genei-al Directory) 

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

Post Office. 

W Charles bet. n Frederick and First 

av west. 

Postmaster — Lew I. Sturgis. 

Assistant Postmaster — L. C. Sturgis. 

Money Order Clerk — G. E. Tyler. 

Mailing Clerk — C. R. Tunison. 

General Delivery Clerk — Miss B. A. 
Nichol. 

Substitute Clerk— C. R. Tyler. 

Delivery and Stamp Windows. 

Open from 8 a. m. to 8 p. ni. 
Sundays 11 a. m. to 12:30 p. m. 



OELWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



13 



Money Order and Registry Offices. 
Money Order open 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. 
Resistry open 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. 
No business transacted on Sunday. 

Carriers. 

Edward C. Parker, Frank R. Rath- 
bun, Ithmar J. Baldwin. 

Sub Letter Carrier — Jesse O. Rulon. 

Rural Delivery Carriers. 
Route 1 — August J. Rahl. 
Route 2 — John G. Niblock. 
Route 3 — Walter J. Boyd. 

Railway Mail Service. 

Oelwein & Kansas City — Neri H. 
Turney, Herman Kobbe, Glen T. Reed, 
Howard F. Turner, Joseph R. Arnold, 
Chris. Christiansen, E. D. Jones, The- 
odore Lawrence. 

Oelwein & Omaha — George W. Potts, 
Charles A. Flagg, John L. Whitney, J. 
K. Billenger. 



PUBLIC HALLS AND BUILDINGS. 

A. O. U. W. Hall— 3 s Frederick. 

Belt & Kint Block — s Frederick bet. 
w Charles and First st. west. 

B. P. O. E Hall— 24 s Frederick. 

Eagles' Hall — 100 First st. west. 

Glass Block — n Frederick nw cor w 
Charles. 

Hanson Block — w Charles bet s Fred- 
erick and First av west. 

Union Block — e Charles bet n Freder- 
ick and 1st av east. 

Labor Hall — i/^ First st. west. 

Masonic Hall — 4 w Charles. 

Oelwein Block — s Frederick nw cor 
First St. west. 



Small Hall — 12 First st. west. 

Stebbins Block — w Charles bet n Fred- 
erick and First av west. 

Ridler's Opera House — 9 n Frederick. 



HOSPITALS. 

Oelwein Emergency Hospital — Patti- 
son Bros, prop., 109 s Frederick. 



LABOR ORGANIZATIONS. 

A. F. of L., No. 11400 — Meets second 
and fourth Wednesdays of each 
month at Labor Hall No. 12 First st. 
west. 

Amalgamated Wood Workers' Union — 

Meets second and fourth Wednes- 
days of each month at Small Hall, 
No. 12 First st. west. 

Barberb' Local Union No. 520 — Meets 
last Tuesday of each month at Bir- 
mingham's Barber Shop, No. lOVz 
First St. west. 

Bar Tenders' Union — ^Meets first Sun- 
day afternoon of each month at La- 
bor Hall, No. 12 First st. west. 

Blacksmiths' Union — Meets second and 
fourth Saturdays of each month at 
Labor Hall, No. 12 First st. west. 

Blacksmiths' Helpers' Union — Meets 
first and third Tuesdays of each 
month at Labor Hall, No. 12 1st st 
west. 

Boiler Makers' Union — Meets second 
and fourth Fridays of each month 
at Labor Hall No. 12 First st. west. 

Boiler Makers' Helpers' Union — Meets 
second and fourth Mondays of each 
month at Labor Hall, No. 12 First 
St. west. 

Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators 
and Paper Hangers, Local Union No. 



14 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



773 — Meets First and Third Fridays 
of each month at A. O. U. W. Hall, 
1 s Frederick. 

Brotherhood of Railway Carmen, Ma- 
ple Leaf Lodge No. 3 — Meets second 
and fourth Wednesdays of each 
month at A. O. U. W. Hall, No. 1 
s Frederick. 

Carpenters' and Joiners' Union — Meets 
second and fourth Fridays of each 
month at Small Hall, No. 12 First st. 
west. 

Cigar Makers' Union No. 456 — John 
Talty, secretary. Meets first Tues- 
day of each month. Executive board 
meeting every Saturday afternoon at 
F. H. Tousley's, 30 and 32 s Fred- 
erick. 

Carmen's Local Union No. 290 — Meets 
second and fourth Tuesdays of each 
month at Labor Hall, No. 12 First 
St. west. 

Federal Union No. 11362 — Meets first 
and third Wednesdays of each 
month at Labor Hall, No. 12 First 
St. west 

Machinists' Union No. 290 — Meets first 
and third Thursdays of each month 
at Labor Hall, No. 12 First st. west. 

Machinists' Union No. 754 — Meets sec- 
ond and fourth Thursday of each 
month at Labor Hall, No. 12 First st. 
west. 

Typographical Union No. 527 — Meets 
fourth Mondays of each rhonth at 
Register office, No. IG e Charles. 

Retail Clerks' International Protective 
Association, Local Union No. 149 — 
Meets fourth Tuesday of each 
month at A. O. U. W. Hall, No. 1 s 
Frederick. 



Socialists — Meet first and third Fri- 
days of each month at Small Hall, 
No. 12 First st. west. 

Switchmen's Union — Meets second 
and fourth Sunday afternoons of 
each month at Small Hall, No. 12 
First St. west. 

Shirt Waist and Laundry Workers' 
Union— Meets second Thursdays of 
each month at A. O. U. W. Hall, 
No. 1 s Frederick. 

Tinners' Union — Meets first and third 
Thursdays of each month at Small 
Hall, No. 12 First st. west. 

Trades and Labor Assembly — Meets 
first and third Mondays of each 
month at Labor Hall, No. 12 First 

St. west. 

U. A. of P. G. F. of S. F. and S. F. H. 

—Meets first and third Fridays of 
each month at Labor Hall, No. 12 
First st. west. 

FRATERNAL SOCIETIES. 

A. O. U. W. 
Eureka Lodge Loyal No. 332 — Meets 
every Friday night at A. O. U. W. 
Hall, 1 s Frederick st. 

Degree of Honor, No. 68 — Meets second 
and fourth Wednesdays at A. O. U. 
W. Hall, 1 s Frederick st. 

B. P. O. E. 

Oelwein Lodge No. 741 — Meets second 

,and fourth Mondays of each month at 

B. P. O. E. Hall, 24 s Frederick st. 

I. O. O. F. 
Oelwein Lodge, No. 294 — Meets every 
Wednesday evening at Masonic Hall, 
4 w Charles. 

Rebecca Lodge, No. 74 — Meets second 
and fourth Saturday evening of each 
month at Masonic Hall. 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



15 



Oelwein Encampment No. 162 — Meets 
first and third Saturday of each 
month at Masonic Hall. 

C. O. F. ■ 
St. Mary's Catholic Order of Fores- 
ters — Meets first and third Thurs- 
days of each month at Saci'ed Heart 
Parochial School. 

Catholic Order of Foresters, Court No. 

985 — Meets first and last Sundays in 
each month at Sacred Heard Par- 
ochial School, 1st av w and 7th st 
west. 

M. B. A. 
Oelwein Lodge No. 199 — Meets second 
and fourth Tuesdays of each month. 
Geo. Day, secretary. 

Brotherhood of American Yoemen, 
Prosperity Homestead No. 90 — Meets 
first and third Saturdays of each 
month. H. A. Chambers, foreman. 

F. O. E. 
Fraternal Order of Eagle, Oelwein 
Aerie No. 799 — Meets first and last 
Mondays in each month at Eagles' 
Hall, 100 1st St s. 

Maccabees. 

Supreme Tent Knights of the Macca- 
bees, Hive No. 21 — Meets first and 
fourth Mondays in each month at 
A. O. U. W. Hall. 

Supreme Hive Ladies of the Macca- 
bees, Hive No. 21 — Meets first and 
third Wednesdays of each month at 
A. O. U. W. Hall. 

MYSTIC TOILERS. 
Carmania Council No. 40 — Meets first 
and third Mondays of each month at 
members' homes. 

G. A. R. 

Griffith Post No. 134 — Meets second 



Saturday of each month at A. O. U. 
W. Hall. R. J. Young, Adjutant. 

Woman's Relief Corps, No. 281 — 

Meets first and third Saturday after- 
noons at A. O. U. W. Hall. 

K. of P. 
Loyal Star of America, No. 33 — Meets 
first and third Fridays of each 
month at A. O. U. W. Hall. 

Pahdahnee No. 194 — Meets every Tues- 
day evening at Masonic Hall, west 
Charles. 

Rathbone Sisters, Juanita Temple 180 
No. 22 — Meets second and fourth 
Monday nights at Masonic Hall, w 
Charles. 

Uniform Rank Oelwein Co. No. 17 — 
Meets second and fourth Monday 
nights at Masonic Hall, w Charles. 

MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA. 

Palm Camp No. 230 — Organized 1886; 
meets second and fourth Fridays of 
each month in Masonic Hall. 

R. N. A. 
Iowa Banner Camp No. 314 — Meets 
first and third Fridays of each 
month at A. O. U. W. Hall. 

w. o. w. 

Woodmen of the World, No. 189 — 

Meets first and third Saturdays of 
each month at A. O. U. W. Hall. 

I. O of F. 
Court of Oelwein, No. 3898 — Meets 
third Monday in each month at The 
Register office, 16 e Charles. 

K. O. T. M. 
Oelwein Tent No. 39 — Meets second 
and fourth Mondays in each month 
at A. O. U. W. Hall. 

Modern National Reserve Council No, 
2 — Meets second and fourth Satur- 



IC 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



days in each month at A. O. U. W. 
Hall. 

MASONIC. 
Hebron Lodge No. 374, A. F. & A. M. 
— Meets first Thursday in each 
month at Masonic Hall. 

Oelwein Chapter No. 130, R. A. M. — 
Meets second and fourth Thursdays 
of each month at Masonic Hall. 

Oelwein Chapter' O. E. S. No. 45 — 
Meets third Thursday of each month 
at Masonic Hall. 

MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES. 
O. S. S. Club — Meets every Monday 
night in basement of Episcopal 
Church. 



FAYETTE COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 



Congressional, Senatorial, Representa- 
tive and Judicial Officers. 



Fourth Congressional District. 

Congressman — Hon. G. N. Haugen, 
Northwood. 

Fortieth Senatorial District. 
Senator — Hon. Archibald C.Wilson, 
Oelwein. 

Seventy-First Representative District. 
Representative — Hon. John D. Shaf- 
fer, Elgin. 

Thirteenth Judicial District. 
A. N. Hobson, Judge, West Union. 
W. W. Comstock, Reporter, Fayette. 
L. E. Fellows, Judge, Lansing. 
H. B. Crosby, Reporter, Decorah. 

Superior Court — Oelwein. 
E. L. Elliot, Judge, Oelwein. 
R. E. Bales, Clerk, Oelwein. 
W. W. Comstock, Reporter, Fayette. 



Board of Supervisors. 

W. H. Walrath, chairman, Arlington. 
C. H. Bruihler, poor farm committee, 
Hawkeye. 

J. W. Dwyer, West Union. 

County Officers. 

Auditor^J. L. Scallan, West Union. 

Deputy Auditor— W. G. Walrath, 
West Union. 

Treasurer — O. C. Nuss, West Union. 

Deputy Treasurer — E. S. Lawyer, 
Wtst Union. 

Clerk District Court— J. W. Winston, 
West Union. 

Deputy Clerk— C. V. Oliver, West 
Union. 

Recorder — W. M. Peek, West Union. 

Deputy Recorder — Leigh Wade, West 
Union. 

Sheriff— C. L. Culver, West Union. 

Deputy Sheriff— A. B. Blunt, West 
Union. 

County Superintendent — R. H. Bel- 
knap, West Union. 

County Attorney — R. G. Anderson, 
West Union. 

Surveyor — B. F. Little, Oelwein. 

Coroner — J. F. Cole, Oelwein. 

County Asylum and Poor Farm. 

Superintendent — E. H. Stewart, West 
Union. 

Matron^Ella Stewart, West Union. 

Physician — C. H. Williamson, M. D., 
West Union. 



TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, 
justices of the Peace. 

Auburn Township — John Edison, 
Douglass; John H. Foreman, St. Lucas. 

Banks Township — Le Roy Eggleston, 
Sumner; F. J. Wells, Sumner. 

Center Township — John Bucknell, 
Randalia; F. E. Bellis, Randalia. 

Clermont Township — F. K. White, 
Clermont; John F. Miller, Jr., Cler- 
mont. 

Dover Township — Isaac Johnson, 
West Union. 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



17 



Eden Township — Daniel Fallows, 
Waucoma; W. D. StafEord, Waucoma. 

Fairfield Township — H. S. Palmer, 
Arlington; L. C. Kuney, Arlington. 

Fremont Township— Thomas Becher, 
Westgate; Wm. Klammei', Westgate. 

Harlan Township — F. S. B'urdick, 
Maynard; I. Stansberry, Maynard. 

lUyria Township — J. F. Huffman, 
Wadena. 

Jefferson Township — F. W. Hough, 
Oelwein. 

Oran Township — J. R. Knowlton, 
Oelwein. 

Putnam Township — T. W. C. Jen- 
ney, Lamont; W. P. Truesdell, Arling- 
ton. 

Pleasant Valley Township — C. Theo. 
Schmid, Elgin; R. W. Helms, Brain- 
ard. 

Scott Township — C. F. Smith, Stan- 
ley. 

Smithfleld Township— F. M. Bald- 
win, Maynard; L. E. Mitchell, Arling- 
ton. 

Union Township — B. F. Paige, West 
Union. 

Westfield Township — G. R. Earle, 
Lima. 

Windsor Township — J. D. Dooley, 
Hawkeye. 

West Union Township — G. W. Van 
Atten, West Union; Wm. Colby, West 
Union. 

Fayette Township — E. , H. Kinyon, 
Fayette; J. H. Marvin, Fayette. 

Oelwein Township — Philip Dowse, 
Oelwein; Abel Bentley, Oelwein. 

Constables. 

Auburn Township — Henry Franzen, 
St. Lucas; J. M. Tope, Douglass. 

Banks Township — Chas. W. Lease, 
Sumner. 

Center Township — A. Barrett, Ran- 
dalia. 

Clermont Township — Willis Gress, 
Clermont. 

Dover Township — H. S. Tope, West 
Union. 

Eden Township — Claude Baker, 



Waucoma; R. A. Scott, Waucoma. 

Fayette Township — E. N. Hummis- 
ton, Fayette; W. W. Luce, Fayette. 

Fairfield Township — George Hyde, 
Arlington. 

Fremont Township — J. O. Griffith, 
Westgate. 

Harlan Township — Henry Barnholt, 
Maynard. 

Illyria Township — D. C. Kuhens, Wa- 
dena. 

Jefferson Township — Thomas Baker, 
Oelwein. 

Oelwein Township — C. H. McQueen, 
Oelwein; George Kernahan, Oelwein. 

Oran Township — E. M. Wheeler, Oel- 
wein. 

Putnam Township — Nathan Bond, 
Arlington; W. R. Manchester, Arling- 
ton. 

Scott Township — J. H. Smith, Stan- 
ley. 

Windsor Township — Thomas Mc- 
Guire, Hawkeye; Jas. Burrell, Hawk- 
eye. 

Westfield Township — F. T. Jones, 
Lima. 

West Union Township — G. M. Gilson, 
West Union; R. M. Donaldson, West 
Union. 

Township Clerks. 

Auburn Township — C. Henry Witte, 
St. Lucas. 

Banks Township — J. J. Galvin, Sum- 
ner. 

Bethel Township— C. G. Gager, 
Hawkeye. 

Center Township — G. R. Bakeman, 
I Randalia. 
i Cledmont Township — Alex McKin- 

i ley, Clermont. 

I 

, Dover Township— Peter Wolfs, Os- 

sian. 

I Eden Township — C. A. Brayton, 
Alpha. 

I Fairfisld Township — L. J. Palmer. 
Arlington. 

' Fremont Township — E. H. Dickey, 

Westgate. 



18 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Harlan Township — A. D. Patridge, 
Maynard. 

Illyria Township — F. L. Medberry, 
Elgin. 

Jefferson Township— A. S. Scothorn, 
Oelwein. 

Oran Township— W. D. Smith, Oel- 
wein. 

Putnam Township — J. U. Downer, 
Aurora. 

Pleasant Valley Township— Melchr. 
Luchsinger, Elgin. 

Scott Township— H. W. Bird, Stan- 
ley. 

Smithfield Township— Frank Thomp- 
son, Maynard. 

Union Township — L. S. Cooley, West 
Union. 

Westfield Township — Adam Shaffer, 
Fayette. 

Windsor Township — A. J. McGoon, 
Hawkeye. 

Clerks of Incorporated Towns and 
Cities. 

Arlington — S. M. Ainsworth. 

Clermont — A. H. Loomis. 

Elgin— J. H. Williams. 

Fayette — L. L. Cole. 

Hawkeye — Guy E. Green. 

Maynard— L. D. Rowley. 

Oelwein — R. E. Bales. 

Randalia — A. J. Ramsay. 

St. Lucas — Theo. Perry. 

Wadena— T. C. Markley. 

Waucoma — B. I. Bright. 

Westgate — L. W. Buesing. 

West Union — Leigh Wade. 
Township Assessors. 

Auburn — G. H. Heckman, Waucoma. 

Banks — August Pagel, Sumner. 

Bethel — Ed. Ostrander, Hawkeye. 

Center— W. W. Whiteford, Randalia. 

Clermont — G. L. Ostlie, Clermont. 

Dover — J. A. Stangeland, Ossian. 

Eden— H. P. Clark, Alpha. 

Fremont — J. P. Galvin, Westgate. 

Fairfield — Adam Oldfather, Arling- 
ton. 

Harlan — J. R. Cummings, Maynard. 

Illyria — J. H. Wilson, Elgin. 



Jefferson — J. E. Logan, Oelwein. 

Oran — O. A. Fox, Fairbank. 

Pleasant Valley— John Wesley Mil- 
ler, Elgin. 

Putnam — -Fred A. Talcott, Arlington. 

Smithfield— A. E. Middle stadt, May- 
nard. 

Scott — George Jellings, Stanley. 

Union — B. C. Grimes, West Union. 

Windsor — H. F. Pieper, Hawkeye. 

Westfleld— T. W. Potter, Lima. 

Assessors of Incorporated Towns and 
Cities. 
Arlington — L. J. Palmer. 
Clermont — Will Crowe. 
Elgin — George E. Schori. 
Fayette — G. W. Parsons. 
Hawkeye — Albert Ridley. 
Maynard — George Maynard. 
Oelwein— A. M. Odell. 
Randalia — A. J. Ramsay. 
St. Lucas — Theo. Perry. 
Wadena— T. C. Markley. 
Waucoma — G. C. Kruger. 
West Union — Henry Wimber. 
Westgate — E. H. Farin. 

Overseers of the Poor. 
C. G. Neff, West Union; A. J. Fair- 
ley, Oelwein; Geo. Bronn, Fayette. 

Commissioners of Insanity. 
G. D. Darnall, M. D., chairman. West 
Union; W. J. Ainsworth, West Union; 
J. W. Winston, Clerk of the District 
Court, West Union. 

United States Examining Pension 
Board. 
J. W. McLean, Fayette; G. D. Dar- 
nall, West Union; H. S. Hadsell, Elgin. 



STREET AND AVENUE GUIDE 



The system of numbering followed in Oelwein is that generally known as 
the Philadelphia Plan, viz.: 100 numbers to the block, North and South Fred- 
erick being the dividing line east and west and East and West Charles being 
the dividing line north and south. 

The letters n, e, s or w after a street name denote North, East, South or 
West as the case may be. First ave w. for instance means First ave west, or 
in the case of East and West Charles or North and South Frederick the letter 
comes before the name of the street. For instance, w Charles means West 
Charles. This of course applies to all streets and avenues in the same man- 
ner. 

Avenues are always written out; streets are understood. For instance, 
First West means First street west. 

The City of Oelwein is divided into four wards. The center of the City 
is where Charles and Frederick streets intersect. First ward contains all 
that part of the city north of East Charles and east of North Frederick. 

Second ward contains all that part of the city north of West Charles and 
west of North Frederick. 

Third ward contains all that part of the city south of West Charles and 
west of South Frederick. 

Fourth ward contains all that part of the city south of East Charles and 
east of South Frederick. 



NORTH FREDERICK. 


400 


Fourth w. 


1st w of First av e from Charles n to 


500 


Fifth w. 




600 


Sixth w. 


city limits 








700 


Seventh w. 


100 First e 






200 Second e. 


800 


Eighth w. 




900 


Ninth w. 


300 Third e. 








1000 


Tenth w. 


400 Fourth e. 






500 Fifth e. 


1100 


Eleventh w. 




1200 


Twelfth w. 


600 Sixth e. 






700 Seventh e. 




EAST CHARLES. 


800 Eighth e. 






900 Ninth e. 


1st n of First st w. from Frederick w 


1000 Tenth e. 


to city limits 




100 


First av s. 


SOUTH FREDERICK. 


C R I & P tracks. 


1st w of First av s from Charles s 


200 


Second av s. 


to city limits 


300 


Third av s. 


100 First w. 


400 


Fourth av s. 


200 Second w. 


500 


Fifth av s. 


300 Third w. 


600 


Sixth av. s. 


C G W tracks. 


700 


Seventh av s. 



20 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



WEST CHARLES. 

1st n of First st, \v from Frederick w 
to city limits. 

100 First av n. 

200 Second av n. 

300 Third av n. 

C G W tracks. 

400 Fourth av n 

500 Fifth av n. 

600 Sixth av n. 

700 Seventh av n. 

800 Eighth av n. 

900 Ninth av n. 
1000 Tenth av n. 
1100 Eleventh av n. 
1200 Twelfth av n. 
1300 Thirteenth av n. 

FIRST AV. EAST. 

1st e. of n. Frederick from e. Charles 
n to city limits 

100 First e. 

200 Second e. 

300 Third e. 

400 Fourth e. 

500 Fifth e. 
550 Five and 1-2 e. 

600 Sixth e. 

700 Seventh e. 

800 Eighth e. 

900 Ninth e. 
1000 Tenth e. 

SECOND AV. EAST. 

2nd e. of n. Frederick from 2nd east 
n to city limits 

200 Second e. 

300 Third e. 

400 Fourth e. 

500 Fifth e. 

550 Five and 1-2 e. 

600 Sixth e. 

700 Seventh e. 

800 Eighth e. 

900 Ninth e. 
1000 Tenth e. 

THIRD AV. EAST. 

3rd e. of n. Frederick from e Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First e. 
200 Second e. 



C R I & P tracks. 
300 Third e. 
400 Fourth e. 
500 Fifth e. 
550 Five and 1-2 e. 
600 Sixth e. 
700 Seventh e. 
800 Eighth e. 
900 Ninth e. 
1000 Tenth e. 

FOURTH AV. EAST. 

4th e of n Frederick, from e Charles 
n to city limits 

100 First e. 

200 Second e. 

300 Third e. 

400 Fourth e. 

500 Fifth e. 

550 Five and 1-2 e. 

C R I & P tracks. 

600 Sixth e. 

700 Seventh e. 

800 Eighth e. 

900 Ninth e. 
1000 Tenth e. 

FIFTH AV. EAST. 

5th e of n Frederick, from e Charles 
n to city limits 

100 First e. 

200 Second e. 

300 Third e. 

400 Fourth e. 

500 Fifth e. 

550 Five and 1-2 e. 

600 Sixth e. 

700 Seventh e. 

800 Eighth e. 

900 Ninth e. 
1000 Tenth e. 

SIXTH AV. EAST. 

6th e of n Frederick, from e Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First e. 
200 Second e. 
300 Third e. 
400 Fourth e. 
500 Fifth e. 
550 Five and 1-2 e. 
600 Sixth e. 
700 Seventh e. 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



21 



800 Eighth e. 
900 Ninth e. 
1000 Tenth e. 

SEVENTH AV. EAST. 

7th e of n Frederick, from e Charles 
n to city limits 

100 First e. 

200 Second e. 

300 Third e. 

400 Fourth e. 

500 Fifth e. 

550 Five and 1-2 e. 

600 Sixth e. 

700 Seventh e. 

800 Eighth e. 

900 Ninth e. 
1000 Tenth e. 

EIGHTH AV. EAST. 

8th e of n Frederick, from e Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First e. 
200 Second e. 
300 Third e. 
400 Fourth e. 
500 Fifth e. 
550 Five and 1-2 e. 
600 Sixth e. 
700 Seventh e. 
800 Eighth e. 
900 Ninth e. 
1000 Tenth e. 

FIRST EAST. 

1st n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av e. 
C R I & P tracks. 
300 Third av e. 
400 Fourth av e. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

SECOND EAST. 

2nd n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av. e, 
C R I & P tracks. 
300 Third av e. 



400 Fourth av e. 

500 Fifth av e. 

600 Sixth av e. 

700 Seventh av e. 

THIRD EAST. 

3rd n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av e. 
C R I & P tracks. 
300 Third av e. 
400 Fourth av e. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av. e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

FOURTH EAST. 

4th n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av e 
300 Third av e. 
C R I & P tracks. 
400 Fourth av e. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

FIFTH EAST. 

5th n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av e 
300 Third av e. 
C R I & P tracks. 
400 Fourth av e. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

FIVE AND ONE-HALF EAST. 

6th n of e Charles, from First av e 
e. to city limits. 
200 Second av e 
300 Third av e. 
C R I & P tracks. 
400 Fourth av e. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY, 



SIXTH EAST. 

7th n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av e 
300 Third av e. 
400 Fourth av e. 
C R I & P tracks. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

SEVENTH EAST. 
8th n of 6 Charles, from n Frederick 
6 to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av e 
300 Third av e. 
400 Fourth av e. 
C R I & P tracks. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

EIGHTH EAST. 

9th n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av e 
300 Third av e. 
400 Fourth av e. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

NINTH EAST. 

10th n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av e. 
200 Second av e 
300 Third av e. 
400 Fourth av e. 
500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

TENTH EAST. 
11th n of e Charles, from n Frederick 
e to city limits 

100 First av e. 
200 Second av e 
300 Third av e. 
400 Fourth av e. 



500 Fifth av e. 
600 Sixth av e. 
700 Seventh av e. 

FIRST AV. N. 

1st w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits. 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

SECOND AV. N. 

2nd w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

THIRD AV. N. 

3rd w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 
Charles to city limits 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

FOURTH AV. N. 

4th w of n Frederick, from 2nd n to 
city limits. 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

FIFTH AV. N. 

5th w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 

100 First n. 

C G W tracks. 

200 Second n. 
C G W av n. 

300 Third n. 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



23 



400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

C. G. W. AV. 

1st w of 4th av nw to city limits. 

SIXTH AV. N. 
6th w of n Frederick, n to city limits. 

100 First n. 

200 Second n. 

C G W tracks. 

300 Third n. 

400 Fourth n. 

500 Fifth n. 

600 Sixth n. 

700 Seventh n. 

SEVENTH AV. N. 

'7th w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

EIGHTH AV. N. 

•8th w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

NINTH AV. N. 

9th w of h Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

TENTH AV. N. 

10th w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits I 

100 First n.' 

200 Second n. i 

300 Third n. 



400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

ELEVENTH AV. N. 

11th w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

STICKNEY BOULEVARD N. 

12th w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 
100 First n. 
200 Second n. 
300 Third n. 
400 Fourth n. 
500 Fifth n. 
600 Sixth n. 

THIRTEENTH AV N. 

13th w of n Frederick, from w Charles 
n to city limits 

100 First n. 

200 Second n. 

300 Third n. 

400 Fourth n. 

500 Fifth n. 

COO Sixth n. 

FIRST N. 
First n of w Charles, from First ave 
w to city limits 

200 Second ave n. 

300 Third ave n 

400 Fourth ave n. 

500 Fifth ave n. 

600 Sixth ave n. 

700 Seventh ave n. 

800 Eighth ave n. 

900 Ninth ave. n. 
1000 Tenth ave n. 
1100 Eleventh ave n. 
1200 Twelfth ave n. 

SECOND N. 

2nd n of w Charles, from n Frederick 
w to city limits 
100 First ave n. 
200 Second ave n. 



24 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1000 

1100 

1200 



Third ave n. 
Fourth ave n. 
Fifth ave n. 
Sixth ave n. 
Seventh ave n. 
Eighth ave n. 
Ninth ave n. 
Tenth ave n. 
Eleventh ave n. 
Twelfth ave n. 

THIRD N. 



3rd n of w Charles, from n Frederick 
w to C G W tracks 
100 First ave n. 
200 Second ave n. 
300 Third ave n. 
400 Fourth ave n. 
500 Fifth ave n. 

FOURTH N. 

4th n of w Charles, from n Frederick 
w to city limits 
100 First ave n. 
200 Second ave n. 
300 Third ave n. 
400 Fourth ave n. 
500 Fifth ave n. 
600 Sixth ave n. 
700 Seventh ave n. 



SIXTH N. 

6th n of w Charles, from n Frederick 
w to city limits 

100 First ave n. 

200 Second ave n. 

300 Third ave n. 

400 Fourth ave n. 

500 Fifth ave n. 

600 Sixth ave n. 

700 Seventh ave n. 

800 Eighth ave n. 

900 Ninth ave n. 
1000 Tenth ave n. 
1100 Eleventh ave n. 
1200 Stickney Bv. 

FIRST AVE W. 

1st w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
w to city limits 

100 First w 

200 Second w. 

300 Third w. 

400 Fourth w. 

500 Fifth w. 

600 Sixth w. 

700 Seventh w. 

800 Eighth w. 

900 Ninth w. 
1000 Tenth w. 
1100 Eleventh w. 



800 


Eighth ave n. 


SECOND AVE W. 


900 


Ninth ave n. 


2nd w of s Frederick, from 6th w s to- 


1000 


Tenth ave n. 


city limits 


1100 


Eleventh ave n. 


600 Sixth w. 


12C0 


Stickney Bv. 


700 Seventh w. 
800 Eighth w. 




FIFTH N. 


900 Ninth w. 


5th n ( 


Df w Charles, from n Frederick 


1000 Tenth w. 


w to 


city limits 


1100 Eleventh w. 


100 


First ave n. 


THIRD AVE W. 


200 


Second ave n. 


3rd w of s Fredei-ick, from Third s to- 


300 


Third ave n. 


city limits 


400 


Fourth ave n. 


300 Third w. 


500 


Fifth ave n. 


400 Fourth w. 


600 


Sixth ave n. 


500 Fifth w. 


700 


Seventh ave n. 


600 Sixth w. 


800 


Eighth ave n. 


700 Seventh w. 


900 


Ninth ave n. 


800 Eighth w. 


1000 


Tenth ave n. 


900 Ninth w. 


1100 


Eleventh ave n. 


1000 Tenth w. 


1200 


Stickney Bv. 


1100 Eleventh w. 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY, 



25 



FOURTH AVE W. 

4th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
s to city limits 

100 First w. 

200 Second w. 

300 Third w. 

400 Fourth w. 

500 Fifth w. 

600 Sixth w. 

700 Seventh w. 

800 Eighth w. 

900 Ninth w. 
1000 Tenth w. 
1100 Eleventh w. 
1200 Twelfth w. 

FIFTH AVE W. 

5th w of s Frederick, fi^om w Charles 
s to city limits 

100 First w. 

200 Second W. 

300 Third w, 

400 Fourth w. 

500 Fifth w. 

600 Sixth w. 

700 Seventh w. 

800 Eighth w. 

900 Ninth w. 
1000 Tenth w. 
1100 Eleventh w. 

SIXTH AVE W. 

6th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 

s to city limits 

100 First w. 

200 Second w. 

I 
SEVENTH AVE W. ' 

7th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First w. 
200 Second w. 

EIGHTH AVE W. 

8th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First w. 
200 Second w. 
300 Third w. 

NINTH AVE W. 

9th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
s to city limits | 



100 First w. 
200 Second w. 
300 Third w. 

TENTH AVE W. 

10th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First w. 
200 Second w. 

ELEVENTH AVE W. 

11th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First w. 
200 Second w. 
300 Third w. 

STICKNEY BOULEVARD. 

12th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First w. 
200 Second w. 

THIRTEENTH AVE W, 

13th w of s Frederick, from w Charles 
s to city limits 

FIRST WEST. 

1st s of vif Charles, from, s Frederick 
w to city limits 

100 First av w. 

200 Second av w. 

900 Ninth av w. 
1000 Tenth av w. 

SECOND WEST. 

2nd s of w Charles, from s Frederick 
w to city limits 
100 First av w. 
200 Second av w. 
500 Fifth av w. 
700 Seventh av w. 

THIRD WEST 

3rd s of w Charles, from Third av w 
to city limits 
400 Fourth av. 

THREE AND ONE-HALF W. 

1st s of 3rd w, from 5th ,av w to 6th 
av w. 
500 Fifth w. 



26 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



FOURTH WEST. 

4th s of w Charles, fi'om s Frederick 
w to city limits 
100 First av w. 
200 Second av w. 

FOUR AND ONE-HALF W. 

1st s of 4th, fourth w from 2nd av w 
to Sixth av w. 
200 Second av w. 
300 Third av w. 
400 Fourth av w. 

SIXTH WEST. 

6th s of w Charles, from s Frederick 
to C. G. W. tracks 
100 First av w. 
200 Second av w. 

SEVENTH WEST. 

7th s of w Charles, from s Frederick 
w to city limits 
100 First w. 
200 Second w. 
300 Third w. 
400 Fourth w. 
500 Fifth w. 

EIGHTH WEST. 

8th s of w Charles, from s Frederick 
w to city limits 
300 Third av w. 
400 Fourth av w. 
500 Fifth av w. 
600 Sixth av w. 

TENTH WEST. 

lOth s of w Charles, from s Frederick 
w to city limits 
100 First av w. 

FIRST AV S. 

1st e of s Frederick, from e Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First s, 
200 Second s. 
300 Third s. 
400 Fourth s. 
500 Fifth s. 
600 Sixth s. 

SECOND AV S. 

2nd e of s Frederick, from e Charles 
s to city limits 



100 First s. 

200 Second s. 

300 Third s. 

700 Seventh s. 

800 Eighth s. 

1000 Tenth s. 

THIRD AV S. 

3rd 6 of s Frederick, from e Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First s. 
200 Second s. 
300 Third s. 
500 Fifth s. 
700 Seventh s. 

FOURTH AV S. 

4th e of s Frederick, from e Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First s. 
200 second s. 
300 Third s. 
400 Fourth s. 
500 Fifth s. 
600 Sixth s. 

FIFTH AV S, 
5th e of s Frederick, ficni c Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First s. 
200 Second s. 
300 Third s. 
400 Fourth s. 
500 Fifth s. 

SIXTH AV S. 
6th e of s Fred; lick, from w Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First s. 
200 Second s. 

SEVENTH AV S. 
7th e of s Frederick, from e Charles 
s to city limits 
100 First s. 
200 Second s. 
300 Third s. 
400 Fourth s. 
500 Fifth s. 
600 Sixth s. 
700 Seventh s. 

FIRST SOUTH. 
1st s of e Charles, from s Frederick 
6 to city limits 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



27 



100 First av s. 
200 Second av s. 
300 Third av s. 
400 Fourth av s. 
500 Fifth av s. 
600 Sixth av s. 
700 Seventh av s. 

SECOND SOUTH. 

2nd s of e Charles, from s Fredericlc 
o to city limits 
100 First av s. 
200 Second av s. 
300 Third av s 
400 Fourth av s. 
500 Fifth av s. 
600 Sixth av s. 
700 Seventh av s. 

THIRD SOUTH. 

3rd s of e Charles, from s. Frederick 
6 to city limits 
J.00 First av s. 
200 Second av s. 
300 Third av s. 
400 Fourth av s. 
500 Fifth av s. 
600 Sixth av s. 
700 Seventh av s. 



FOURTH SOUTH. 

4th s of e Charles, from 4th av s to 
7th av s. 
400 Fourth av s. 
500 Fifth av s. 
600 Sixth av s. 
700 Seventh av s. 

FIFTH SOUTH. 

5th s cf e Charles, from s Frederick e 
to city limits 

SIXTH SOUTH. 

6th s of e Charles, from s Frederick 
e to city limits 

SEVENTH SOUTH. 

7th s of e Charles, from s Frederick 
e to city limits 

TENTH SOUTH. 

10th s of e Charles, from s Frederick 
e to city limits 

TV/ELFTH SOUTH. 

12th so of e Charles, from s Frederick 
e to C R I & P tracks 

SIXTEENTH SOUTH. 

16th s of e Charles, from s Frederick 
e to city limits 
100 First av s. 




OELWEIN AND FAYETTE 
COUNTY DIRECTORY 



1 906- 1 907 



ABBREVIATIONS 



agt agent 

appr apprentice 

asgn association 

asst assistant 

attd attendant 

av avenue 

bartndr bartender 

bds boards 

bet between 

bkpr booklteeper 

blksmth . . . : blacksmith 

boiler mkr ; boiler maker 

boarding boarding house 

bus tel business telephone 

cab mkr cabinet maker 

car rpr car repairer 

carp carpenter 

C. G. W. . . .Chicago Great Western Ry 

cig mkr cigar maker 

elk clerk 

Co Company 

collr collector 

cond conductor 

confectr confectioner 

contr contractor 

cor corner 

C. R. I. & P Chicago Rock Island 

and Pacific 

dep deputy 

dist district 

dom domestic 

e east 

e s east side 

elect electrician 

eng engineer 

exp express 

fire dept fire department 

gas f tr gas fitter 

gen general 

harness mkr harness mkr 

la Iowa 

ins insurance 

lab laborer 

mach machinist 

M. E Methodist-Episcopal 

meat mkt meat market 

mess messenger 

mnf g manufacturing 



mnfr manufacturer 

mngr manager 

n north 

n s north side 

Nat National 

notary notary public 

opr operator 

paper hgr paper hanger 

photog photographer 

P. O Post Office 

P. S public schools 

pres president 

Presb Presbyterian 

prin principal 

prop proprietor 

pub publisher 

r residence 

res tel residence telephone 

real est real estate 

ret retail 

Rev Reverend 

rms rooms 

R. M. S railway mail service 

s south 

s s south side 

St street 

sec secretary 

shoe mkr shoe maker 

solcr solicitor 

steam ftr steam fitter 

stenog stenographer 

stone ctr stone cutter 

stu student 

supt superintendent 

tchr teacher 

tel opr telegraph or telephone 

operator. 

tmstr teamster 

trav 8gt traveling agent 

treas treasurer 

upholstr upholsterer 

vet surg veterinary surgeon 

V pres vice president 

w west 

w s west side 

wid widow 

wks works 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 

OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ > .^ j» 

29 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY 



1906- 1907 



Abbott, Miss Julia, r 14 Sixth w 

Abbott, Reuben, M, wife Ruth, car 
inspr C G W, r 14 Sixth w. 

Abel, George R, wife Elsie, carp, r 
211 5-/2 St e, res tel C B 55. 

Able, Henry, blksmth hlpr G G W, rms 
213 Second av s. 

Acken, J F, brkman C G W, r outside. 

Ackers, Miss Matilda, waitress Hotel 
Mealey, r same. 

Ackers, Miss May, cook, r 26 s Freder- 
ick. 

Acord, Frank, watchman C G W, r 303 
11th av w. 

Acord, Miss Nancy, waitress Hotel 
Mealey, r same. 

Adams, Henry R, wife Cora, elk Coon- 
ley & Ferris, r 113 4th av e. 

AETNA STATE BANK, A J Anders 
pres, J H Meyer v-pres, H R Martin 
cashier, T E Kint teller, 8 s Freder- 
ick, bus tel C B 60. 

Agnew Grain Co, S B Jamison agt, 220 
s Frederick. 

Ainsworth, Miss Agnes, student, r 416 
e Charles. 

Ainsworth, James W, wife Jennie A, 
r 416 e Charles, res tel C B 121. 




CIGARS 

OF 
QUALITY 



have made a 
reputation for 
our cigar dept. 
wortli more to 
us tlian Dia- 
m6ftds 



J. R. PERRY SCO. 

Akins, Anthony, wife Mary, foreman 
boiler shop C G W, r 24 2nd av n, 
res tel C B 167. 

Albright, Albert H, wife Mertie, fore- 
man C G W, r 235 s Frederick. 

Albright, A G Hull, car repr C G W, 
r 235 s Frederick. 

Albro, Frank R, wife Laura, eng C G 
W, r 712 2nd av w, res tel C B 105. 

Aldrich, D M-, car repr C G W, r 828 
DubuquG St. 

Aldrich, George W, wife Lavina, wks 
C G W, r 828 Dubuque st. 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

(\im ^ Mm 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



30 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Alexander, brakeman C G W, r ca- 
boose. 

Allebaugh, M, eng C G W, r outside. 

ALLEN, CLYDE, prop Allen Gas En- 
gine Works, r 501 2nd av e. 

Allen, Miss Elizabeth, stu, r 217 1st 
av e. 

Allen, Fred, rms 111 1st av w. 

Allen, Gardner P, stu, r 217 1st av e. 

ALLEN GAS ENGINE WORKS, Clyde 
Allen prop, gasoline, stationary and 
marine engines and automobile mnfr, 
15 5th e. 

Allen, George G, wife Elizabeth, asst 
gen store kpr C G W, r 217 1st av e, 
res tel C B 247. 



For Want Ads 

==-=="? HONE 2£™=— 

Allen, Harry, mach appr C G W, rms 

321 1st av e. 
Allen, John T, wife Mary, toolman C 

G W, r 921 1st av w. 
Allen, Miss Lillian E, stu, r 921 1st av 

w. 
Allen, William, eng C G W, r Chicago. 
Alley, John, painter Amiot & Sexton, 

r 31 s Frederick. 
Allison, C, wks C G W freight house, 

rms 126 1st av s. 
Alsip, Millard S, wife Frances, blk 

smith C G W, r w s s Frederick 3rd 

outside limits. 



Alton, George, wife Louisa, car repr 

C G W, r 125 6th w. 
Amiot & Sexton (W H Amiot, C H 

Sexton), painters 38 w Charles. 
Amiot, William H, wife Margaret, 

(Amiot & Sexton), r 1101 w Charles. 
A O U W Hall, 3 s Frederick. 
Anders, Miss Alice, r 302 2nd av n. 
ANDERS AMANUEL J, wife Arvilla, 

pres Aetna State Bank, r 302 2nd av 

n, res tel C B 189. 
Anderson, Albert, fireman C G W, rms 

106 3rd av n. 
Anderson, Andrew, brakeman C G W, 
rms 102 3rd av n. 
Anderson, Andrew E, wife Allie, trav 

salesman, r 423 1st n. 
Anderson, cond C G W, bds Mealey 

Hotel. 
Anderson, A, lab C G W. 
Anderson, B W, fireman C G W. 
Anderson, Charles F, wife Ida M, bar- 

tndr M J Connolly, r 23 s Frederick. 
Anderson, Miss Edith, stu, r 423 1st n. 
Anderson, Miss Ella, r 25 5th av w. 
Anderson, E, lab C G W. 
Anderson, Fred, wife Hannah, blk- 

smith helper C G W, r 138 s Freder- 
ick. 
Anderson, Geo, bell boy Hotel Mealey, 

r same. 
Anderson, Harold, stu, r 423 1st n. 
Anderson, Henry, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Anderson, Henry, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleanings Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO SSO.OO 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



31 



Anderson, Miss Hilda, r 25 5th av w. 
Anderson, Howard, stu, r 423 1st n. 
Anderson, John, bllvsmith C G W. 
Anderson, N E, toolman C G W. 
Anderson, Oscar, stu, r 25 5th av w. 
Anderson, Peter, blksmith C G W, bds 

206 6th av w. 
Anderson, Peter O, wife Lena, mach 

C G W, r 210 7th av w. 
Anderson, Raymond, stu, r 423 1st n. 
Anderson, Reuben, mach helper C G 

W, r 433 s Frederick. 
Anderson, Rudolph, wife Elizabeth, 

blksmith C G W, r 612 2nd av w. 
Anderson, Theodore, wife Mary, car 

repr C G W, r 25 5th av w. 
Anderson, Walter W, cig mkr P H 

Tousley, rms 117 3rd av s. 
Anderson, W V, tinsmith opp C G W. 
Anderson, W V, cond C G W, r Hotel 

Mealey. 
Andrews, Prank, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 
Andrews, Prancis J, wks C G W, r 719 

2nd av w 
Andrews, James, porter P J Coogan, 

r 719 2nd av w. 
Andrews, James, eng C G W, r St. Paul 
Andrews, Miss Laura, stu, r 17 7th av e 
Andrews, Samuel A, wife Laura V, 

mach C G W, r 17 7th av e. 
Andrews, Wm, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 
Andrews, brakeman C G W, r Hotel 

Mealey. 
Andrews, brakeman C G W, r caboose 



ANHEUSER-BUSCH BREWING CO, 

W I Hanlon agent, 108 s Frederick. 
Ankatel, A, toolman C G W. 
ARLINGTON HOUSE, W M Snavley 

prop, 222 7th av n. 
Armitage, William, wife Mary, mach 

C G W, r 219 4th av n. 
Arnold, Herman B, wife Ida, elk Grand 
Leader, r 29 2nd av s. 
Arnold, Joel R, wife Agnes, elk RMS, 

r 214 2nd s. 
Arthur, Ann, wid Martin, r 130 2nd e. 
Arthurs, Henry L, wife Alice M, cab 

mkr C G W, r 400 7th w. 
Artz, Wm, wife Adelaide, printer The 

Record, r 23 s Frederick. 
Asbury, J, blksmith C G W. 
Ashman, A O, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 
Ashworth, Louis E, wife Lena, switch- 
man C G W, r 817 1st av e. 
Atherton, W H, eng C G W, r Clarion. 
Atleberry, Charles, boiler mkr helper 

C G W. 
Aubrey, Frank, fmr, r 31 6th n. 
Aubrey, John, wife Octave, blksmith 

C G W, r e s s Frederick 7th outside 

limits. 
Aubrey, John S, wife Harriett, r 31 

6th n. 
Austin, Miss Delia, teacher Oelwein 

Business University, rms 123 1st e. 
Austin, R V, brakeman C G W, rms 

118 s Frederick. 
Auten, David M, wife Emma, trav 

salesman, r 14 4th av e. 




P H O N t 9 8. 



HACK CALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITV DAY OR NIGHT 



'isBil W. G. FETTKETHER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



14 FIRST" AVEINUE: SOUTHi 



32 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Axen, Miss Laura, dress mkr appr, r 


Ayers, John, eng C G W, rms 130 1st s. 


125 6th w. 


Ayers, Wm S, wife Elizabeth, r 217 


Ayers, Miss Blanche, r 217 4th av s. 


4th av s. 


Ayers, Miss Gertrude, r 217 4th av s. 


Ayers, M W, cond C G W, r Dubuque. 



Bachtenkircher, Dolph, wife Lottie, 

carp, r 146 1st av n. 
Bachtenkircher, Fred, wife Meda, wks 

C G W, r 146 1st av n. 
Bachtenkircher, Miss Grace, stu, r 146 

1st av n. 
Back, L, chief elk C G W. 
Backus, Elvira L, wid Charles T, r 718 

2nd av e. 
Backus, Guy W, lawyer 8 s Frederick, 

r; 718 2nd av e. 
Badger, Bert, wife Eva, wks gas wks, 

r 503 1st e. 
Badger, Frank I, wife Mattie L, prop 

West Side dairy 990 s Frederick, r 

same. 
Baertschy, W, eng C G W, rms Hanlon 

House. 
Bahe, Christopher, wife Sophia, r 27 

Fifth av s. 
Bahe, Miss Louisa, r 27 5th av s. 
Bailey, C H, eng C G W. 
Bailey, R J, lab Oclwein Foundry Co. 
Baird, Edward, wife Margaret, mach 

G G W, r 140 4th av w. 
Baird, Miss Floy, stu, r 14 7th av s. 
Baker, Eugene A, wife Nora, porter 

Wm Lingelbach, r 509 3rd av s. 



Bakei", Miss Florence, stu, r 704 3rd 
av e. 

BAKER RICHARD C, wife Nettie, phy- 
sician, office hours 8 to 10 a m, 1 to 
4 p m, 7 to 8 p m, 5V2. w Charles, r 
same. 

Baker, Wm, lab, bds 210 3rd av s. 

Baker, frt brakeman C G W. 

Baldridge, Bert, wks Bon Ton Bakery, 
r 10 4th av s. 

Baldridge, J, mach helpr C G W. 

Baldridge, Ray, carrier C M Smith, r 
10 4th av s. 

Baldridge, Thomas P, wife Mary, wks 
C G W, r 10 4th av s. 

Baldwin, Bruce L, printer The Record, 
bds Hotel Mealey. 

Baldwin, Charles W, r 37 5th n. 

Baldwin, David, contr, rms 14 3rd n. 

Baldv/in, Miss Irene, r 37 5th n. 

Baldwin, Ithmer J, mail carrier P O, 
r 37 5th n. 

Baldwin, Linn M, wife Lena, switch- 
man C G W, r 145 2nd av s. 

Baldwin, Miss Rose, r 37 5th n. 

BALES ROLAND E, wife Nettie, clerk 
Superior Court, r 513 1st av e. 

Ball, Gorda P, r 20 e Charles. 



SEE J. W. RIDLE 

Sanitary Plumbing ^Heating 



Phone 
144 



A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



DrugS' 



Books- 



Stationery 



OELWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



33 



Ball, James W, wks C G W, bds 20 e 
Charles. 

Ball, Kathryn E, wid James W, board- 
ing 20 e Charles, r same. 

Ball, Miss Mamie I, r 20 e Charles. 

Ball, Miss Myrtle M, r 20 e Charles. 

Ball, Ray, wife Luella, wks C Haering, 
r 112 1st av s. 

Ballman, Edward, stu, r 801 1st av w. 

Ballman, Martin, wife Hannah, blk- 
smith C G W, r 801 1st av w. 

Ballman, Miss Mary, r 801 1st av w. 

Ballman, Miss Millie, r 801 1st av w. 

Balluff, Miss Cecelia, r 412 2nd av n. 

Balluff, George, wks C G W, r 412 2nd 
av n. 

Balluff, Maria J, wid Joseph, r 412 2nd 
av n. 

Balluff, William, wks C G W, r 412 
2nd av n. 

Baltz, S A, wks C G W. 

BANE, JOHN R, wife Mary A, (Phil- 
lips & Bane), r Hotel Mealey. 

Bank of Oelwein, John Jamison pres, 
R B Jamison cashier, A R Collins 
cashier, s e Charles and s Freder- 
ick, bus tel C B 3. 

Barchy, W, eng C G W. 

Barclay, Thomas C, wife D Virginia, 
r 410 4th av s. 

Barden, George M, wife Maude, night- 
watch C G W, r 201 Gth av e. 

Barden, George R, wife Olive, r 420 
3rd av e. 

Barger, George, call boy C G W. 

Barger, Gordon, stu, r 214 6th av w. 



HINTZ BROS, 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



\i W. CHARLES 



Barger, John, wife Anna, car repr C 
G W, r 214 Gth av w, res tel C B 
113 B. 

Barger, Ralph, carrier C M Smith, r 
214 Cth av v/. 

Barlow, Samuel A, wife Inez, fireman 
C G W, r 107 6th n. 

Barnes, George, printer The Record, r 
518 6th av e. 

Barnes, George A, printer appr The 
Record, r 518 e Charles. 

Barnes, James, cond C G W, rms 118 
s Frederick. 

Barnard, R, fireman C G W. 

Barnes, Earl, mach appr C G W, bds 
G17 n Frederick. 

Barnes, Guy K, wife Geneva, wks Oel- 
wein Foundry Co, r 517 n Frederick. 

Barnholdt, Charles, printer The Regis- 
ter, rms 10 w Charles. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 



phone: 5o. 



NO. 12 FIRST SX. SOUTH 



34 



OELWBTN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Barr, Ernest G, wife Clara, eng Oel- 

wein Light, Heat & Power Co, r 400 

s Frederick. 
Barr, William N, wife Lotta, contr 211 

8th av w, r same. 
Bartels, Edward, stenog C G W, bds 

115 5th av W. 
Bartelt, Fred, student, r 709 2nd av w. 
Bartelt, Herman, wife Etta, wks C G 

W, r 709 2nd av w. 
Bartelt, Herman jr, student, r 709 2nd 

av w. 
Barton, Robert E, wife Minnie A, wks 

C G W, r 106 7th av w. 
Bashore, fireman C G W. 



emlthe register 

DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Bathke, Miss Ella, student, r 309 41/2 w. 

Batterson, F Henry, wife Martha, wks 

C G W, r 1043 s Frederick. 

Baumgartner, August, wife Emma, pipe 
fitter C G W, r 323 4th av s. 

Baxter, John J, tel opr Postal Tele- 
graph Cable Co, rms 15 1st av e. 

Baxter, Wm R, wife Harriett, ice 18 
1st s, r 21 2nd av n, res tel C B 165. 

Baynes, George, wife Reaka, blksmith 
C G W, bds 138 s Frederick. 

Baysinger, Mrs Marie, laundress Hotel 
Mealey, r same. 

Beardsley, John D, wife Anna, painter 
C G W, r 202 e Charles. 



Beasler, B, eng C G W, rms Hanlon 

House. 
Beatly, James, car repr C G W, bds 

103 Gth w. 
Beaumaster, Frank, fireman C G W, 

bds Arlington House. 
Beaver, George, lineman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Be bout, Miss Cora M, milliner, r 202 

1st s. 
Beck, David, cond C G W, rms 310 

3rd av n. 
Beck, Elmer, boiler mkr appr C G W, 

r 136 2nd av n. 
Beck, George, student, bds 205 5th 

av s. 
Beck, Joseph, wife Julia, asst butter 

mkr Oelwein Farmers Creamery, r 

136 2nd av n. 
Becker, Adolph, toolman C G W, r 515 

2nd w. 
Becker, Albert F, wife Agnes, wks C 

G W, r 529 1st w. 
Becker, Miss Elizabeth, student, r 704 

2nd av w. 
Becker, George, wife Frances, switch- 
man C G W, r 216 2nd s. 
Becker, John, toolman C G W, r 515 

2nd w. 
BECKER, JOHN C, wife Hulda, prop 

Becker's Livery, r 42 6th av s, bus 

tel C B 122, res tel C B 215. 
Becker, John C, wife Mary, r 24 5th 

av s, 
B3cker, John D, wks C G W ware- 
house, bds 529 1st w. 



^VISIT: 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



.PHONE 2 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

sm&GRAUER, Tailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Becker, Joseph, tool boy C G W, r 704 

2ncl av w. 
Becker, Minnie, wid John, r 515 2nd w. 
Becker, Philip M, wife Elizabeth, fore- 
man C G W, r 704 2nd av w. 
BECKER'S LIVERY, J C Becker prop, 

livery, boarding and sales stables 22 

1st s, bus tel C B 122. 
Beebe, Charles H, tmstr David How- 
ard, r 933 1st av w. 
Beebe, Ira, lab, r 933 1st av w. 
Beebe, James M, wife Emma, car repr 

C G W, r 1108 w Charles. 
Beebe, Melinda M, widow Edwin, r 933 

1st av w. 
Beebe, Romeo, lab, r 933 1st av w. 
Beehive, R S Glenn prop, 9 n Frederick 
Behrens, John H, wife Anna, carp, r 

818 1st av e, res tel C B 171. 
Beitzel, Matthew, wife Bertha, wks 

Oelwein Foundry, r 440 3rd av w. 
Beitzel, Matthew, painter C N MARSH, 

r 440 3rd av w. 
Belden, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Bell, Miss Alice, student, r 720 1st 

av w. 
Bell, Miss Clara V, student, r 720 1st 

av w. 
Bell, Clyde J, mach appr C G W, r 720 

1st av w. 
Bell, Miss Ethel, elk R S Glenn, r 1st e. 
Bell, Fred G, Wells Fargo Exp Co, r 

31 s Frederick. 
Bell, George, delivery elk Wells Fargo 

Exp Co, r 117 1st e. 
Bell, James H, wife Alice, eng C G W, 

r 720 1st av w. 



Bell, James H jr, mach C G W, r 720 

1st av w. 
Bell, Miss Lena, r 117 1st e. 
Bell, Miss Pearl, student, r 117 1st e. 
BELL & RICHARDS, (W C Bell, S B 

Richards), hack line, express and 

transfer, w Charles rear Post Office, 

bus tel C B 98. 
BELL WALTER C, wife Lucy (Bell & 

Richards), r 117 1st e, bus tel C B 

98, res tel 98. 
Bsllis, Arthur, wks C G W, r 219 

5th av w. 
Bellis, Stuart L, wife Dora, car repr 

C G W, r 219 5th av w. 
Belt, Bert L, wife Bertha, (Belt & 

Day), r 302 e Charles, res tel C B 5. 
Belt & Day, (B L Belt, E E Day), real 

estate 5 e Charles, bus tel C B 64. 
Kelt, Ebenezar C, wife Juliette, v pres 

First Nat Bank, r 302 e Charles, res 

tel CBS. 
Benedict, Mrs Grace A, bds 37 3rd n. 
Benham, Miss Beulah, student, r 118 

n Frederick. 
Benham, John, wife Lue, tmstr, r 

n Frederick. 
Bennett, Miss Alice, r 610 8th w. 
Bennett, Arthur, elk C G W, r 

8th w. 
Bennett, Earl, student, r 610 8th w. 
Bennett, Miss Edna, dom 523 w 

Charles. 
Bennett, Emery, wks George Eller, r 

610 8th w. 
Bennett, George, wife Olive, stone ma- 
son, r 610 8th w. 



118 



620 



BELL & RICHARDS 



phone: q s, 



PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



.N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



36 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Bennett, Harry, wks Oelwein Heat, 
Light & Power Co, r G20 8th w. 

Bennett, Jacob, wife Anna, bricklayer, 
r 620 Sthi w. 

Bennett, John, wife Elizabeth A, r 26 
1st av s. 

Bennett, Miss Lulu, r 610 8th w. 

Bennett, Miss Mabel, r 26 1st av s. 

Bennett, Sherman, student, r 610 8th w 

Benninger, Walter G, wife Zoe, exp 
mess Wells Fargo, r 207 1st e. 

Bensch, Otto A, wife Josephine, blk- 
smitb. C G W, r 24 5th av n. 

Benson, Albert L, mach C G W, r 814 
3rd av w. 

Benson, Benj, wife Susan, carp C G W. 
r 820 3rd av w. 

Benson, Miss Bernice, r 820 3rd av w. 

Benson, Clarence H, wife Anna M, elk 
C G W, r 313 1st av s. 

Benson, Fred, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 

Bentley, Abraham, wife Irene E, jus- 
tice of the peace 1 s Frederick, r 
119 w Charles, res tel C B 7. ' 

Bentley, Miss Glen, student, r 119 w 
Charles. 

Bentley, Miss Mabel, student, r 119 w 
Charles. 

Bentley, William, wife Elizabeth, r 217 
1st av n, res tel C B 84. 

Berg, Swan, wife Caroline, contr 133 
6th av s, r same. 

Bergen, Christian, lab C G W. 

Bergen, Frank, lab C G W. 



! Berger, Michael, wife Elizabeth, car 
I repr C G W, r 318 9th av w. 
I Berglund, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
I Berish, Miss Laura, bds 29 n Frederick. 
j Berland, Peter, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Berry, G, fireman C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 
BsrujuE, Otto, wife Nellie, car repr C 

G W, r 150 3rd av n. 
B P O E Hall, 24 s Frederick. 
BEST RESTAURANT (THE), A B 

Rodabaugh prop, 25 s Frederick. 
Bettendorf, Bernard, wife Catherine, r 

200 6th w. 
Bettendorf, Miss Elizabeth A, dom 124 

1st av w. 
Bettendorf, George W, pipe ftr appr 

C G W, r 200 6th w. 
Bevens, Miss Anna, dressmkr Mrs S A 

Boyd, r 980 1st av w. 
Bevan, B, blksmith hlpr C G W, r 980 

1st av w. 
Bevan, David blksmith hlph C G W, 

r 980 1st av w. 
Bevan, Frederick, mach appr C G W, 

r 980 1st av w. 
Bevan, George, boilermkr, r 980 1st 

av w. 
Bevan, Lewis, wife Jessie, wks C G W, 

r 980 1st av w. 
Bevan, William, r 980 1st av w. 
Beyer, Frank, wks C G W, bds 126 7th 

av n. 
Biddinger, Ernest E, wife May, harness 

21 w Charles, r 109 1st av n. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ j^ ^ ^ 



OELV/EIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



37 



B'iddinger, John H, wife Ameda, r 204 

n Frederick. 
Biglcw, Robert, eng C G W, rms 717 
■ 2i!id n. 
Billeck, Francis, wid Dwight, r 708 

1st n. 
Billmeyer, Herman, car repr C G W, 
bds 118 n Frederick. 
BILL'S BUFFET, Wm. Lingelbach, 

prop, 12 1st w, bus tel C B 177. 
Bing, Melvin E, wife Allie, carp C G 

W, r 218 4th av s. 
Birch (see also Burch) 
Birch, Fred, student, r 901 3rd av e. 
Birch, Henry, wife Victoria, butcher, 

r 901 3rd av e. 
Birch, John, student, r 901 3rd av e. 
Birch, Joseph, elk Nassen & Brown, r 

901 3rd av e. 
Birchnell, Sydney, eng C G W, rms 106 

3rd av n. 
Bird, Chester, exp mess Wells Fargo, 

rms 114 1st e. 
BIRMINGHAM, PATRICK T, prop The 

Tunnel barber 10% 1st w, r 110 1st 

av n. 
Bishop, Harry A, r 236 1st av s. 
Bishop, James T, wife Elizabeth, 

boarding, r 236 1st av s. 
Bittenger, John K, elk R M S, r 110 

1st n. 
Bittorf, John A, wife Fannie, car repr 

C G W, r 109 6th av s. 
Bjorklund, Julius, boiler mkr hlpr C G 

W, bds 206 6th av w. 
Blackburn, brakeman C G W, r caboose 



Tjsjs J. R. PERRY 



Oelwein's 
Leading 

Druggist 




Cdt^^CtlO^ 



He will be 
pleased to meet 
you at the store 



Blaisdell, Miss Adella, student, r 23 

3rd av e. 
Blaisdell, Catherine, wid George P, 

rms 121 2nd av n. 
Blaisdell, Clinton D, wife Ora I, blk- 

smith C G W, r 23 3rd av e. 
Blaisdell, Ira S, wife Didamia, trav 

salesman, r 22 4th n. 
Blaisdell, William D, student, r 23 3rd 

av e. 
Blake, Floyd, student, r 106 n Fred- 
erick. 
Blake, Laura, wid Leonard, r 106 n 

Frederick. 
Blake, W H, eng C G W, rms 106 

3rd av n. 
Blood, Edward, wife Christina, tool 

man C G W, r 112 6th w. 
Bloom, Guy, cigmkr F H Tousley, r 

212 5th av e. 
Bloom, Isaac T, wife Elizabeth, carp, 

r 212 5th av e. 



If You Don't Know 




You Ouglit to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



F. H. TOUSLEY m 

32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

^ TObildO 



iS 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Bloom, Jay, exp mess Wells Fargo, r 
212 5th av e. 

Bloom, Miss Linnie, tel opr Corn Belt 
Telephone Co, r 212 5th av e. 

Bloom, Miss Vada, student, r 212 5th 

av e. 

Bloom, Wesley H, wife Jane, coach- 
man, r 318 7th w. 

Blunt, Miss Delia V, r 116 1st av w. 

Blunt, George, r 116 1st av w. 

Blunt, Mrs Lida, nurse, bds 121 1st 
av e. 

Boardman, brakeman C G W, rms 118 
s Frederick. 



tII OELWEIN REGISTER 

ADVERTISING COLUMNS. 



Bockholt, Johanna, wid Henry, r 11 
4th av e. 

Bodell, Bertram, student, r 141 2nd 
av n. 

Bodell, William I, wife Mertie, mach 

C G W, r 141 2nd av n. 

Boetcher, Richard, fireman C G W, 
rms 717 2nd n. 

Bogert, Miss Harriett B, r 614 n Fred- 
erick. 

Bogert, Isaac J, wife Mary C, r 614 n 
Frederick. 

BOGERT JOHN A, wife Maud M, dist 
agt Northwestern Mutual Life Ins 
Co, r G02 1st av e, res tel 6 B 163. 

Bohne, Edv/ard, blksmth C G W, rms 
138 s Frederick. 



Bollett, C, mach C G W. 

Boltz, Archie, wks C G W, r 31 s Fred- 
ericlt. 

Bonham, Benj B, wife Mary, farmer, 
r e s s Frederick 3rd outside limits. 

Bonnell, M P, fireman C G W. 

Bon Ton (The), Whiteside & Scothorn 
props, 16 e Charles, bus tel C B 95. 

Boody, brakeman C G W. 

Booth, William A, wks E E Hilliger, 
bds 321 2nd av e. 

Borland, Eugene L, wife Esther, car 
repr C G W, r 224 6th w. 

Borland, Forest, bell boy Mealey Hotel, 
r 30 5th av e. 

Borland, Glenn, student, r 30 5th av e. 

Borland, Guy, wife Lizzie, wks C G W, 
r 125 5th av e. 

Borland, Lonson. wife Clara, carp, r 
30 5th av e. 

Bort, H L, eng C G W, r St Paul. 

Borwig, Gustave, wife Nancy, blksmith 
helpr C G W, r 11 7th av e. 

Bosworth, Angelo S, wife Pearl, drug- 
gist Preiffer Bros, rms 22 6th av s. 

Boulet, Charles A, wife Helen, mach 
C G W, r 126 7th av n. 

Boulet, Carl, student, r 126 7th av n. 

Bovis, John L, student, r 25 n Fred- 
erick. 

Bowers, Renson S, wife Emma, real 
estate 28 s Frederick, r same. 

Bowman, Wm, brakeman C G W, r 
caboose. 

Boyack, Wm A, wife Elizabeth, agri- 
cultural imp 28-30 1st av s, r 216 e 
Charles, bus tel C B 49. 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



39 



Boyd, Keneth J, student, r 19 s Fred- 
erick. 

Boyd, Mrs Mae, principal South School, 
r n s 10th w, 3rd w of 1st av w. 

Boyd, Sarah A, wid Nathan, dressmkr 
19 s Frederick, r same. 

Boyd, Thomas, wife Maggie, mach C 
G W, V G32 1st av w. 

Boyd, Walter J, wife Mae, rural mail 
carrier, r n s 10th w, 3rd w of 1st 
av w. 

Boysen, Albert, cond C G W, rms 310 
3rd av n. 

Brace, Fred, wife Myrtle, wks C G W, 
r 21G 5th av w. 

Bradley, Edward M, lab C G W, r 132 
4th av w. 

Bradley, George, wks C G W shops, 
rms 2G 1st av s. 

Bradley, George W, lab C G W, r 132 
4th av w. 

Bradley, Joseph T, construction fore- 
man C G W, r 132 4th av w. 

Bradshaw, Harry, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Bradshaw, Mary, wid Curtis, r 303 11th 
av n. 

Bradshaw, eng C G W, r Dubuque. 

Brad\-, J H, mach C G W. 

Brandau, Augucta, wid George, r 19 
Cth w. 

Brandau, Leo, mach appr C G W, r 19 
Gth w. 

Brandau, Miss Tena, milliner Mrs Rose 
Gremmels, r 19 Gth st w. 



Brandau, Wm A, wks C G W, r 19 
Gth w. 

Brandt, Fred, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Braun (see also Brown) 

Braun, Frank J, wife Helen, flue weld- 
er C G W, r 322 4th av s. 

BRAWLEY, ARTHUR J, pres Oelwein 
Foundry Co, r St Paul, Minn, care 
South Park Foundry & Machine Co. 

Bray, Charles, wife Fannie, janitor C 
G W, r IIG 7th av n. 

Bray, George, student, r 116 7th av n. 

Bray, Miss Mary, r 116 7th av n. 

Breckon, Wm C, barber A A Williams, 
r n Frederick. 

Bredschneider, Miss Bertha, dom 117 
1st n. 

Breitauer, Miss Ida L, dom 7 5th av s. 

Breitauer, Miss Mary, dom 420 e 
Charles. 

Brenklander, C, blksmith C G W. 

Brennan, William J, wife Josephine, 
ticket agt C G W, r 208 n Frederick. 

Brennan, Eugene, cond C G W, r St 
Paul. 

Brennon, John, wife Elizabeth, boiler 
mkr hlpr C G W, r 414 s Frederick. 

B'ressie, David Y, wife Mary, carp, r 
210 5th av e. 

Bresson, Timothy, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Briggs, George, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Briggs, W H, fireman C G W, rms Han- 
Ion House. 



BELL & RICHARDS 



phone: 98, 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



\N. G. F ETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



GOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHONE 32 



40 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Brinkerhoff, Clyde A, wife Daisy, elk 
F H Touslcy, r 405 2nd av e. 

Brinkman, F E, brakeman C G W, rms 
119 3rd av n. 

Brinkman, J Henry, wife Vina, hostler 
C G W, r 501 s Frederick. 

Brinkman, Eli, cond C G W, r St Paul. 

Broadhead, Mary, wid Joseph, r 26 
3rd av s. 

Bronson, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Brocks, Charlie, r 110 3rd av n. 

Brooks, Miss Ethel, r 110 3rd av n. 

Brooks, Leonard B, wife Eliza G, trav 
salesman, r 110 3rd av n. 

Brooks, Miss Mabel, elk Oldberg shoe 
store, r 110 3rd av n. 

Brousaid, Rollen E, wife Hazel, mach 
C G W, r 215 1st av n. 

Brown (see also Braun) 

Brown, Bert, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Brown, C, car repr C G W. 

Brown, Charles R, wife Rachael, r 19 
1st av e. 

Brown, Mrs Cora, elk H B' Tyrrell, r 
510 2nd av e. 

Brown, Cora, wid Frank, r 420 2nd 
av e. 

Brown, Edward, wife Nannie, car repr 
C G W, r 103 5th av w. 

Brown, Ernest, wks C G W, r 115 
5th av w. 

Brown, Miss Estella, student, r 115 
5th av w. 

Brown, Miss Ethel M, r 420 s Fred- 
erick. 



Brown, Mrs Florence, r 507 e Charles. 
Brown, F J, flue welder C G W. 
Brown, George H, (Brown & Tunison), 

r country. 
Brown, Hattie, wid James B, r 108 

3rd s. 
Brown, Miss Hattie A, r 108 3rd s. 
Brown, Harry, eng C G W, r St Paul. 
Brown, J F, car repr C G W. 
BROWN JOSEPH H, wife Elizabeth, 

(Massin & Brown), r 216 1st e. 
Brown, Miss Lillie, student, r 216 1st e^ 
Brown, Miss Mae, r 103 5th av w. 
Brown, Miss Maud, r 103 5th av w. 
Brown, Mrs Minnie A, r 420 s Fred- 
erick. 
Brown, R, fireman C G W, r Dubuque. 
Brcwn, Sarah A, wid Nathaniel, r rear 

21 3rd av n. 
Brown & Tunison, (G H Brown, F C 

Tunison), pianos 6 1st av e. 
Brown, Miss Vera, student, r 420 2nd 

av e. 
Brown, William H, wife Stella, wks C 

G W, r 20 3rd av e. 
Brown, William S, wife Lou, car repr 

C G W, r 115 5th av w. 
Brown, W R, fireman C G W. 
Brownell, Burr, student, r 404 2nd av e. 
Brownell, Charles, r 404 2nd av e. 
Brownell, Frank, wife Cora, r 502 2nd 

av e. 
Brownell, George, wife Lissa, r 404 2nd 

av e. 
Brownell, Harold, student, r 502 2nd 

av e. 



J. W. RIDLER, 



Plumber 



PHONES 23 AND 33 

15 NORTH FREDERICK 



Phone 
144 



A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



41 



Brownell, Lewis W, wife Melvina, r 220 

5th av s. 
Brownell, Miss Nettie, elk The Hoag 

Studio, r 220 5th av s. 
Bruil, Charles A, wife Louisa, wks C 

G W, r 119 5th av e. 
Brush, Elias, mach C G W, rms 102 

1st av e. 
Bubrel, Anton J, wife Viva, mach C G 

W, r 317 Fifth av s. 
Buchanan, Alexander, wife Nancy, > 

804 2nd av e. 
Buchanan, Miss Eva, r 804 2nd av e. 
Buchanan, Miss Myrtle, r 804 2nd av o. 
Buchanan, Verne, student, r 212 3rd 
av e. 
Buchholz, Gustave, wife Augusta, wks 

C G W, r 628 5th av w. 
Buck, George T, tmstr, r 513 7th w. 
Buck, Thomas, wife Sarah, r 513 7th 

west. 
Buckingham, cond C G W, r caboose. 
Budlong, Adalbert, r 233 7th av w. 
Budlong, Miss Bertha, student, r 233 
7th av w. 

Budlong, Frank, r 233 7th av w. 
Budlong, Miss Pearl, wks restaurant, 

r 233 7th av w. 
Buehler, George, wife Ida, wks C G W, 

r 310 2nd av e. 
Buise, brakman C G W , r caboose. 
Bulger, James, v/ife Julia, barbar Bert 

Williams, r 10 4th av e. 
Bumgolden, bkman C G W. 
Burcb (see also Birch). 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 



CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING, 



PHONE 139 



12 W. CHARLES 



Burch, Floretta, wid Lewis M, r 990 

s Frederick. 
Burchman, S C, eng C G W. 
Burger, M, car rpr C G W. 
Burgom, Christopher, wife Belle, wks 

C G W, r 211' 5th av w. 

Burgom, Dugald, student, r 211 5th av 
■w. 

Burgom, Frank, wks C G W, r 211 5th 

av w. 
Burgom, John, wks C G W, r 211 5th 

av w. 
Burgum, Mi'js Edith, student, r 515 w 

Charles. 
Burgv.m, Harry P, civil eng, r 515 w 

Charle.'. 
Burgum, Joseph C, student, r 515 w 

Charles. 
Bur?:um, William H, wife Lizzie E, 

cond C G W, r 515 w Charles. 



if You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



Kernahan & Gosse 1 IP*^ 



PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers . . • • 



42 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Burke, Catherine, wid Francis, r 702 
First av w. 

Burlce, brakeman C G W, r caboose 

Burland, WiUiam S, wife Louise, 
mcbst G G W, r 216 6th av w. 

Buri'ngr,me, Daniel, wife Carrie, fire- 
man C G W, r 718 w Charles. 

Burlingame, Edwin H, wife May D, 
Ibr, r 311 1st st e. 

Burns, Alten, brakeman C G W, r ca- 
boose. 

Burns, Charles, wks C G W, r 607 
3rd st s. 

Burns, Edward, boiler mkr, r 1226 s 
Frederick. 



ADVERTISE IN THE DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Oelwein Register 

Burns, Edward M, mach appr C G W, 

r 607 3rd st s. 
Burns, Miss Elizabeth, student, r 1226 

s Frederick. 
Burns, James, wife Catherine, boiler- 

mkr helper C G W, r 627 s Freder- 
ick. 
Burns, John, wks C G W, rms 106 n 

Frederick st. 
Burns, John H., wife Emma (Kint & 

Burns), r 37 Second av s. 
Burns, Miss Launita, dressmaker, bds 

15 2nd av n. 
Burns, Maurice, wife Julia, hostler C 

G , r 1226 s Frederick. 



Burns, M E, mchst app C G W, r 1226 
s Frederick. 

Burns, William, wife Mary, switchman 
C G W, r 523 1st st n. 

Burr, John, tel opr Postal Telegraph 
Cable Co. 

Burrill, Roy, pipe fitter helper C G 
W, bds 209 3rd st n. 

Burrow, Mrs. Janette, r 40 Fourth av 
south. 

Burrs, John, tel opr C G W, rms 128 
1st av e. 

Bush, Oliver J, wife Lillian M, fore- 
man C G W, r 132 s Frederick. 

Bush, Wm. H., driver Bell and Rich- 
ards, bds 117 1st st e. 

Bushhusen, Miss Alvina M, r 209 5th 
av s. 

Bushhusen, Miss Emma L, r 209 Fifth 
av s. 

Bushhusen, John H, foreman C G W, 
V 209 5th av s. 

Bushhusen, V/m, student, r 209 5th av 
south. 

Bushnell, Herbert O, wife Elizabeth, 
wks C G W, r 1107 w Charles st. 

Business Colleges — Oelwein Business 
University, 34 & 36 s Frederick. 

Butenlander, John, bds 124 1st av w. 

Butler, Absolcm, wife Louisa A, jan- 
itor Park Side school, r 933 1st st n. 

Butler, Archie, wks Star Bakery, r. 115 
5th street n. 

Butler, Chorles C, wife Katherine, 
bollermkr C G W, r 114 3rd av n. 

Butler, Daniel G, fireman C G W, r 400 
s Frederick. 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Smith &Gfauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP of^.^ THAT'S ALL 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



43 



Butler, Fred A, wks C G W, rms 410 

s Frederick. 
Butler, Harrison, wife Mary, driver 

city sprinkler, r 115 5th st n. 
Butler, Jay, baker Ronton Bakery, r 

115 5th St n. 
Butler, Joseph, wife Addie, wks C G 

W, r 632 s Frederick. 

BUTLER, JOSEPH L, wife Elizabeth 
G, (Butler & Rundle) r. 209 3rd 
st n. 



Butler, Joseph M, wife Levina, boiler- 
mkr C G W, r 14 e Charles. 

Butler, Percy L, wife, Emma, switch- 
man C G W, r 617 1st av s. 

Butler, Roy J, wks C G W, r 632 s 
Frederck. 

Butler, Ray, wks C G W, r 115 5th 
St. n. 

BUTLER & RUNDLE, (J L Butler and 
W A Rundle) prop Oelwein Steam 
Feed Mill, 222 1st st w, bus tel C B 
22. 



O 



Cabalka, Joseph, wife Tillie, wks C G 

W, r 529 n Frederick. 
Cade, Clifford, mach C G W, rms 116 

4th av s. 
Cade, Fred, wife Christena, mach C G 

W, rms 116 4th av s. 
Cadwell, Mrs. Elizabeth, r 11 s Fred- 
erick. 
Cadwell, Miss Hazel, student, r 11 s 

Frederick. 
Caflia, George, fireman' C G W, rms 28 

1st av e. 
Cairns, Wm, wife Lura, eng C G W, r 

514 3rd av s. 
Caldwell, James, cond C G W, r St. 

Paul. 
Calfee, fireman C G W. 
California Fruit Store, August Mer- 

curio, prop, 13 s Frederick, bus tel 

C B 202. 



Call, Miss Carire, elk Bee Hive, r 11 

1st av e. 
Callahan, John, wife Louisa, farmer, 

r 607 Third st s. 
Callahan, Miss Madaline, school tchr, 

r 607 3rd av s. 
Gamble, Harry, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 
Camnack, Francis M, wife Nancy J, 

real estate, r 32 6th st. n. 
Camnack, Fred R, wks C G W, r 32 

6th st n. 
Campbell, Charles F, wife Pearl, mach 

C G W, r 215 1st av e. 
Campbell, Fred B, wife Martha E, 

boiler mkr helper C G W, r 205 7th 

av w. 
Campbell, Fred A, fireman C G W, rms 

106 3rd av n. 
Campbell, Jesse, wks C G W, r 530 

w Charles. 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 




HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



44 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Campbell, John, wife Jessie, wks 
round house, r 223 7th av n. 

CAMPBELL, JOHN H, wife Laura, 
(Campbell & King), r 128 1st av e, 

res tel C B 104. 

CAMPBELL & KING, (J H Campbell 
and R J King) hardware, stoves and 
tinware and phonographs, 10 s Fred- 
erick, bus tel C B 93. 

CAMPBELL, LEVI (Gressler Camp- 
bell Drug Co, r. Des Moines, la. 

Campbell, Richard, wife Maryette, r 
530 w Charles. 

Candy Kitchen, James Constantine 
prop, 19 s Frederick. 

Cannon, Frank, wks C G W shops, r 
19 Second st s. 

Cannon, James, wife Sarah, bartender 
M J Conway, r 19 2nd st s. 

Cannon Martin, wife Anna, r 515 3rd 
av s. 

Cannon, Thomas J, eng C G W, r 19 
2nd st s. 

Cappes, H, toolman C G W. 

Capron, Alfred, eng C G W, bds 324 
w Charles. 

Carling, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Carlson, John M, wife Hilma, blksmith 
C G W, r 210 4th av s. 

Carlson, Miss Katherine, dom 10 1st 
st e. 

Carney, Daniel, wks C G W shops, rms 
201 s Frederick. 

Carpenter, Frank, eng C G W, rms 126 
1st av s. 

Carper, cond C G W, r Des Moines. 



Carroll, Thomas, wife Alice, foreman 

C G W, r 620 First av w. 
Carter, Carl, brakeman C G W, rms 

310 3rd av n. 
Carter, Don C, wife Mabel, painter 

C. G. W, r. 217 3rd av s. 
Carter, D M, brakeman C G W, rms 

118 s Frederick. 
Carter, George, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Catholic Cemetery, 4th av between 1st 

and 2nd av w. 
Caton, Wm. H, wks C G W shops, bds 

236 1st av s. 
Cavanaugh, cond C G W, r Kansas 

City, Mo. 
Censer, Victor, wife Mary, car rpr C 

G W, 312 9th av w. 
Central School, Miss Georgia Quigley 

prin, cor 1st st s and 3rd av s. 
Ceresa, Angelo, wife Angeline, Ibr, r 

215 w Charles. 
Chains, fireman C G W. 
Chambers, Charles B, bkpr First Na- 
tional Bank, bds 139 First av n. 
Chambers, Harry B, r e s s Frederick 

4th outside limits. 
Chambers, Henry A, wife Nellie, carp 

C G W shops, r s Frederick, 4th out- 
side limits. 
Chambers, Miss Lura H, student, r e 

s s Frederick, 4th outside limits. 
Chambers, Robert W, Ibr, r e s s 

Frederick, 4th outside limits. 
Champlin, Almond H, wife Nancy, 

wks C G W, r 631 s Frederick. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ > ^ ^ 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



45 



Champlin, Phoebe, wid Philetus, r 631 

s Frederick. 
Chase, Fred L, student, bds 209 5th 

av s. 
Chase, Irvin W (T G Chase & Son), 

r 10 5th av s. 
Chase, James M, wife Luella, elk C 

G W, r 622 3rd av w. 
Chase, Perry B, pipe fitter C G W, 

bds 10 Fifth av s. 
Chase, Theodore G, wife Alie (T G 
Chase & Son), 10 5th av s, r same, 
res tel C B. 
Chase, T G & Son (T G and I W 

Chase), painters, 10 Fifth av s. 
Cheney, Joseph E, wife Elizabeth, 

mach C G W, r 5 2nd av s. 
Chicago Gioat Western Ry Terminals, 
Wm. Matthie, supt, J Gallagher pass 
and freight agt, pass depot w 
Charles between w Charles and 1st 
St w, freight depot 2nd st w between 
1st and 2nd st w, yard office tel, C 
B 159, freight house, C B 30. 
C G W stock yards, 324 1st av s. 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry, 
August Hellman city ticket and 
freight agt, pass depot « Charles be- 
tween 1st av s and 2nd av s, freight 
depot 1st st south between 2nd and 
3rd av s, bus tel CBS. 
Childs, H B. hostler C G W. 
Chivington, John F, wife Rose, boiler 
mkr helper C G W, r 2 st 3rd av e. 
Chisholm, John E, wife Mae, master 
mechanic C G W, r 631 n Frederick, 
res tel C B 134. 




Good goods at 



right 


pri ces 


make 


business 


grow. 


It builds 


a reputation. If 


you are 


looking 


f r q 1 


a a I i t V. 


safety and satis- 


faction 


trade 


with ...... 



J. R. PERRY & CO. 

Christenson, Miss Alice, Milliner, r 14 
3rd st n. 

Christenson, Chris H, elk R M S, rms 
111 2nd av s. 

Christensoin, John K, wife Mary, fore- 
man C G W, r 14 3rd st n. 

Christenson, Miss Lillie, r 14 3£d st n. 

Christenson, brakeman C G W. 

Chrysler, Walter P, wife, Delia, mas- 
ter mechanic C G W, r 7 5th av s, 
res tel C B 219. 

Churchill, Henry, wife Lydia (Schall- 
er & Churchill), r 123 4th av s. 

Churchill, Miss Veva, r 123 4th av s. 

City Assessor, A M ODELL, ISVa s 
Frederick. 

City Attorney, JOHN JAMISON, 127 
2nd av e. 

City Clerk, R E BALES, city hall. 

City Detention Hospital, 4th s. 



N^ vs? >^' vj9 ALL ROADS LEAD TO n^ ^ ^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 




Coioniar' 




F. H. TOUSLEY. Manufacturer >^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



46 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



City Directory, BOADMAN COOLEY, 
compiler, Strawberry Point, la. 

City Engineer, B F Little, city hall. 

C^ty Fire Department, W H Meyers, 
chieju", 10 1st av s. 

City Hall, s Frederick, n w cor 1st w. 

City Health Officer, Dr C J Cooney, 14 
s Frederick. 

CITIZEMS LUMBER CO, A L Hunter 
mgr, lumber, lath and shingles, lime 
and cement, coal and wood and sash, 
doors and blinds, 100 1st st s, bus 
tel C B 24. 

CITY LAUNDERING CO, Rinehinier & 
Wetlaufer, prop, 202 s Frederick, 
bus tel C E 254. 



THE OELWEIN REGISTER 

— FOR FINE JOB PRINTING — 



City Marshal, Thomas Riley, city hall. 

City Mayor, W A REED, City Hall. 

City Sewer Inspector, R E BALES, 
city hall. 

City Sidewalk Inspector, A G Kraft, 
city hall. 

City Street Commissioner, S B Herri- 
man, city hall. 

City Treasurer, Michael Fleming, 1 s 
Frederick. 

Officer, Thomas Riley, 



City Truant 
city hall. 

City Water 
hall. 



Supt.R E BALES, city 



City Water Works, chairman, G W E1-- 

ler, committeemen, Robert McChes- 

ney, D T Corkery, city hall. 
Clarey, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Clark, Amaziah A, wife Ada, r 310 3rd 

av n. 
Clark C Homer, wife Josephine, Ibr, r 

617 2nd av w. 
Clark, C L, eng C G W, r Dubuque. 
Clark, Herman E, wife Eva, wks C G 

W Ice House, r 203 7th av s. 
Clark, James D, cond C G W, r 310 3rd 

av n. 
Clark, J M, eng C G W, r Dubuque. 
Clark, John W, wife Addie, foreman 

C G W Ice House, r 315 4th av s, res 

tel C B 227. 
Clark, Orson W, wife Anna, physicianj 

9 n Frederick, r 305 2nd av e. 
Clark, Wm, wife Alice, mach C G W, 

r 219 5th av s. 
Clegg, W V, Ibr C G W. 
Clerk Superior Court of the City of 

Oelwein, R E BALES, 36 s Fred- 
erick. 
Clifford, Daniel, brakeman C G W, 

rms 118 s Frederick. 
Cline, Eugene, elk W H Meyer Co, r 

440 s Frederick, Fire Warden 3rd 

ward. 
Clothier, Ella F, wid Theodore, r 29 

n Frederick. 
Clough, Carl, eng C G W, r Chicago. 
CLUB, THE, (Kint & Dwyer, props, 

billiards and pool and cigars, 104 & 

IOC a Frederick. 



PSS! HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOHS 



Cleanings Pres sing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



47 



Coddington, Bert, en£ C G W, Des 
Moines. 

Coder, C J, janitor Aetna State Bank. 

Coger, Marie, wid Charles R, r 14 2nd 
av n. 

Cograve, John, eng C G W, rms 717 
2nd St n. 

Colby, C, fireman C G W. 

Cole, Benjamin, wife Mamie, wks C 
G W, r 13 5th av e. 

Cole, Bert A, wife Minnie, cigar mkr 
F H Tousleys, r 211 5th st e. 

Cole Clyde, wks Walton's Printing 
Office, r 13 5th av e. . 

COLE, JAMES F, wife Margaret, phy- 
sician, 5 1-2 v/ Charles, r 25 n Fred- 
erick, office hours 8 to 10 a m, 1 to 4 
p m, 7 to 8 p m, res tel C B G. 

Cole, Jesse B, wife Mary E, r 31 5th 
av w. 

COLE &. KING BROS (S J Cole, 
James and John King), Lumber, 
Lath and Shingles, Lime and Ce- 
ment, Coal and Wood, Sash, Doors 

and Blinds, bus tel C B 38, IG 2nd 
st s. 

COLE, SARAH J, wid Ira L (Cole & 
King Bros), r Strav/berry Point. 

Cole, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Coleman, Elizabeth, wid Wesley, r 16 
5th av n. 

Collins, A Roy, wife Lida, asst cash 
Bank of Oelwein, treas Oelwein 
Light, Heat and Power Co, r 200 
Sixth av s, res tel C B 20G. 



Collins, Joseph A, wife Nettie, uphol- 
sterer, r 114 n Frederick st. 

Collinson, William B, wife Agnes, fore- 
man C G W, r 302 2nd av e, res 

tel C B 252. 

Colton, Lorin, wife Mabel, r 220 5th. 
av s. 

Cond, Claude, cond C G W, r St. Paul. 

Condit, Addie, wid Wm G, r e s s Fred- 
erick 5th outside limits. 

Conely, Joseph, student, r 205 A^z st w. 

Congdon, cond, C G W, r caboose. 

Ccnkey, Miss Alice, tchr, r 129 5th av 
east. 

Conkey, Arthur, driver W R Baxter, 
bds 109 4th av n. 

Conkey, Miss Coral, student, r 129 5th 
av e. 

Conkey, Floyd, del elk Schumacher & 
Son, r 1000 w Charles. 

Conklin, Julia, wid Edwin B. a 15 1st 
av e. 

Conkey, Ray, tmstr, r 1000 w Charles. 

Conkey, Robert D, wife Sallie, tmstr, 
r 1000 w Charles. 

Conkey, Walter, tmstr, r 1000 w 
Charles. 

Conkey, William, wks M. Conkey, r 
129 5th av e. 

Conkey, William M, wife Lou, con- 
tractor, r 129 5th av e. 

Oonley, D J, boiler mkr, r 119 3rd 
av n. 

Conley, Miss Kitty, r 119 3rd av n. 

Conley, Michael, wife Mary, Ibr, r 205 
414 st w. 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

6ood Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



For Fine and 
XJp-to-Date 
Livery Rigs See 



i-|4 FIRST" AVEINU 



SOUTH" 



48 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Conley, M J, car checker C G W, r 119 
3rd av n. 

Conley, Owen, boiler mkr C G W, r 119 
3rd av n. 

Conley, P H, bartender, r 119 3rd 
av n. 

Conley, Richard S, tool man C G W, r 
119 3rd av n. 

Connelly, Jas, boiler mkr helper C 
G W. 

Connerton, cond C G W, r caboose. 

Connolly, James A, wife Nellie, car 
inspector C G W, r 702 1st av w. 

Connors, James P, wife Lillie, brake- 
man C G W, r 40 4th st n. 

Connors, M E, switchman helper C G 
W, r 40 4th St n. 

Conrad, John W, wife Katie, toolman 
C G W, r e s s Frederick, 1st out- 
side limits. 

Conrad, Miss Ora, tel opr Corn Belt 
Telephone Co., bds 113 3rd av s. 

Constantine, Demetr, mgv Candy Kit- 
chen, rms 19 s Frederick. 

Constantine, James, wife, prop Candy 
Kitchen, 19 s Frederick, r Iowa City, 
Iowa. 

Constantine, John, elk Candy Kitchen, 
rms 19 s Frederick. 

CONVERY, PATRICK O, wife Mary, 
physician, office hours 8 to 10 a m, 
1 to 4 p m, 7 to 8 p m, 8 s Frederick, 
r same, bus tel C B 239. 

Conway, Charles E, wife Mary, hostler 
G G W, r 21 3rd av n, res tel C B 
161. 



Conway, Elmer, wks C G W, r 717 1st 
av w. 

Conway, Miss Eva, r 717 1st av w. 

Conway, Frank, student, r 21 3rd av n. 

Conway, Miss Josephine, r 717 1st 
ac w. 

CONWAY, MICHAEL J, wife Eliza- 
beth, saloon, 115 s Frederick, r 717 
1st av w, res tel C B 132, bus tel, 
C B 234. 

Conway, Raymond, student, r 21 3rd 
av n. 

Coogan, Peter J, wife Mary, saloon, 

213 s Frederick, r 713 2nd av w, bus 
tel C B 188. 

Coogan, Miss Rosa, student, r 713 Sec- 
ond av w. 

Coogan, Terrance E, wife Isabelle, tai- 
lor 110 s Frederick, r 41 Third st n. 

Cook, Mrs. Ada, wid Wilson, r 117 n 
Frederick. 

Cook, Miss Ethel, student, r 310 n 
Frederick. 

COOK, JAY, wife Helle L, lawyer and 
notary public, 28 s Frederick, r 410 
n Frederick. 

Cook, Miss Mabel, dom 654 4th av s. 

Cook, Rollin, wks C G W, r 310 n 
Frederick. 

Cooke, Miss Elma, student, r 957 s 
Frederick. 

Cool, C W. freight cond C G W, r St. 
Paul. 

Cooley, Alvah E, wife Alice M, painter 
C G W, r 214 1st av n. 

Cooley, A J, steward Elks' Club, bds 

214 1st ac n. 



J. W. RIDLER 

^^ MANAGER OPERA HOUSE ^^ 



^r A. C. WILSON K 



DrugS' 



Books- 



Stationery 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



49 



Cooley, George E, wks C G W helper, 

r 214 1st av n. 
Coombes, Walter J, wife Marion, car 

rpr, r 446 3rd av w. 
Coonce, Miss Rose, tchr school, rms 

512 2n6. ac e. 
Cooney, Miss Bessie, r 316 2nd av n. 
Cooney, Charles J, wife Susan J, 

health officer, physician, 14 s Fred- 
erick, r 113 3rd av s, bus tel C B 

176. 
Cooney, Earl, wks C G W, r 316 2nd 

av n. 
Cooney, James, wife Ellen, alderman 

2nd ward, lawyer, 5i/^ w Charles, r 

316 2nd av n. 
Cooney, Miss Margaret, student, r 316 

2nd av n. 
COONLEY & FERRIS CO (J E Coon- 
ley & J C Ferris), grocers, 9 e 

Charles, bus tel C B 225. 
COONLEY, JOHN E, wife (Coonley & 

Ferris Co), r Hampton, Iowa. 
Cooper, Charles, wks C G W, r 412 w 

Charles. 
Cooper, Charles W, wife Mary, boiler 

mkr C G W, r 412 w Charles. 
Cooper, Miss Edna H, r 318 e Charles. 
Cooper, Hugh R, wife Elizabeth, carp 

Berg, r 318 e Charles. 
Cooper, Miss Nellie, r 412 w Charles. 
Cooper, Robert, mchst C G W, rms 128 

2nd av n. 
Copeland, Elner, watchmkr Philleo & 

Nutting, rms 308 n Frederick. 
Coppen, A, eng C G W. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



7 W. CHARLES 



Corey, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Corkery, Daniel T, wife Kathryn, elk 

F. J. O'Brien, alderman 4th ward, 

r 203 4th av s. 
Corn, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Corn Belt Telephone Co, P. D. Lott- 

ridge, mgr, 8 s Frederick. 
CORNICK, MISS CARRIE M, prop 

Union House, r same. 
CORNICK, ROSS R, wife Jessie E, 

prop Union House, r same. 
Ccrris, Fred, wks C G W, rms 111 1st 

av w. * 

Corris, Sidney T, wife Nellie E, gen- 
eral repair shop foreman C G W, 

r 202 n Frederick, res tel C B 222. 
Oorry, F, lor C G W 
Corry, William, wife Mabel, elk car 

rpr C G W, r 33 5th av w. 
Cortess, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
COSELMAN'S CHOP HOUSE, H L 

Coselman prop, 109 s Frederick. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan Sc Gosse 



phone: 5o. 

50 



NO. 1S FIRST ST. SOUTH 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Coselman, Erastus, wife Mary, r 301 
2nd av e. 

COSELMAN, HERBERT L, wife Ella, 
prop Coselman's Chop House, 113 s 
Frederick, r 126 same. 

Costello, Wm, eng C G W, rms 721 
2nd St n. 

Costello, William, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Cottage Studio (The), Philip Schnei- 
der prop, 5 1st av e. 

Cotter, Wm, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 

Cotton, Alfred H, wife Mary, blksmth 
helper C G W, r 139 3rd av n. 

FOR ALL THE NEWS READ THE 

Daily Cv Register 

Cowley, James D, wife Margaret, bar- 
tender C F Anderson, r 15 2nd s. 

Cox, John, wife Lillian, car rpr C G 
W, r 208 3rd st n. 

Coykendall, Wayne, pharmacist, wks 
J R Perry & Co, rms 308 n Freder- 
ick. 

Crabtree, Joseph G, cond C G W, r 
Council Bluffs, Iowa. 

Craft, Henry C, wks Oelwein Foun- 
dry Co, bds 303 41/2 St w. 

Cragin, Frank A, barber, 15 e Charles, 
r 117 2nd av s. 

Craig, O, eng C G W. 



Craig, William E, car rpr C G W, rms 

33 n Frederick. 
Crawford, Miss Bel*e, wks Spensley's 

Laundrying Co, r 907 1st w. 
Crawford, Jasper D, wife Minnie, elk 

Coonley & Ferris, r 320 1st av e. 
Crawford, John L, wife Myrtle, carp 

C G W, r 601 n Frederick. 
Crawford, William A, wife Jennie, 

blksmth G F Hann, r 907 1st w. 
Crellin, John C, wife Lillian, mach C 

G W, r 213 4th st n. 
Crescent Bakery, Santee & Pendergast 
prop, 18 e Charles, bus tel C B 224. 
Cresswell, Edwin S, r 316 2nd av e. 
Cresswell, Miss Eva, tchr Harlan 

school, r 316 2nd av e. 
Cresswell, Miss Mae, prin High school, 

r 316 2nd av e. 
Crider, Chester, wks C G W, bds 29 

n Frederick. 
Crist, Louis H, wife Mary, wks C G 

W, r 215 3rd st e. 
Cronk, Ralph E, wife Grace, wks C G 

W, res 316 2nd av e. 
Cross, David, wife Louisa, fireman C 

G W, r 106 3rd av n. 
Cross, Edward Z, wife Henrietta, 

horseman, r 1184 1st av w. 
Cross, Mary A, wid James L, r. 102 

4th av s, res tel C B. 
Crotty, Thomas J, freight brakeman 

C G W, lives Dubuque. 
Crowe, James E, cond C G W, r Des 

Moines, la. 
Crowell, Strizanna W, wid Clinton, r 
116 4th av e. 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



^M 



STATE BOARD OF 

HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERai OmEOTOnS 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer. Tailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



51 



Crowley, John W, rms 15 1st av e. 
Cuhel, W, Ibr C G W Ice House. 
Culver, Miss Lillian N, elk T R Glan- 

ville & Son, r 114 1st e. 
Culver, Mrs. Mary A, r 114 1st st e. 
Cummings, Charles T, wife Ada, carp 

C G W, r 113 1st St e. 
Curl, Charles, brakeman C G W, bds 

222 1st av n. 
Curll, Louis, painter, rms 7 1st av e. 
Currier, Frank L, wife Mary G, boiler 

mkr helper C G W, r 807 1st av w. 
Curtis, George, Ibr C G W, rms 417 

1st st s. 
Curtis, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 



Cusack, Clement, Ibr r 712 s Fred- 
erick. 

Cusack, Miss Isabelle, elk L N Ras- 
kins, r 712 s Frederick. 

Cusack, J Elmer, boiler mkr helper C 
G W, r 712 s Frederick. 

Cusack, James M, wife Mary, boiler 
mkr helper C G W, r 712 s Fred- 
erick. 

Cusack, Miss Ruth, r 712 s Frederick. 

Cusack, Vincent L, wks C G W, r 712 
s Frederick. 

Cusack, Wm. F, boiler mkr helper C 
G W, r 712 s Frederick. 



Dailey, Arthur, elk T R Glanville & 

Son, 12 5th av e. 
Dailey, L A, wife Ella, painter, r 12 

5th av e. 
Dailey, Wm, eng C G W, rms 118 s 

Frederick. 
Dames, L, mchst C G W. 
Damon, Edward, mason, r 309 8th 

av w. 
Damon, Fred, lineman, r 309 8th av w. 
Damon, George, tmstr, r 309 8th av w. 
Damon, James, wife Bertha, tmstr, r 

309 8th av w. 
Damon, Myron E, wife Maggie, Ibr C 

G W, r 938 s Frederick. 
Damon, Miss Nellie, r 309 8th av w. 
Damon, Ralph, tmstr, r 309 8th av w. 
Dana, Wm, Ibr, r 10 1st av s. 



Dantamaro, Veto V, Ibr C G W, 203 

w Charles. 
Dantem, Joe, Ibr C G W, r 203 w 

Charles. 
Dantern, Philip , Ibr C G W, r 203 w 

Charles. 
Dormody, Daniel, wks C W, rms 139 

1st av n. 
Darrach, Harry, boiler mkr C G W, r 

115 3rd av n. 
Darrach, Mary, wid Robert, r 115 3rd 

av n. 
Darrach, Miss May, r 115 3rd av n. 
Darrach, Thomas J, boiler mkr C G 

W, r 115 3rd av n. 
Davidson, William M, wife Anna, pain- 
ter C G W, r 149 2nd av n. 
Davis, Dell, ins. agt, bds 32 6th st n. 



B RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE NUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



■N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



52 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY, 



Davis, Eugene G, druggist Gressler 
Campbell Drug Co, rms 303 n Fred- 
erick. 

DAVIS J CLARANCE, dentist, 51/2 w 
Charles, office hours 8 to 12 m, 1 to 
5 pm, rms 314 1st av e. 

Davis, Richard, Ibr, bds 217 s av e 

Dawson, C M, eng C G W, r Ft Dodge. 

Dawson, George, toolman C G W, rms 
121 2nd av n. 

Day, Edward E, wife Alice (Belt & 
Day), r 111 5th st n. 

Day, Miss Ethel, elk R S Glenn, r 
country. 

Day, Miss Mabel, student, r 111 5th 
St n. 

Day, Miss Shirley, student, r 111 5th 
St n. 

Day, Verne, student, r 111 5th st n. 

Dearhammer, Charles, wife Chloe, 
mach helper C G W, r 1131 s Fred- 
erick. 

Dearhammer, Miss Hattie, r 1121 s 
Frederick. 

Dearhammer, John L, mach appr C G 
W, r 1121 s Frederick. 

Dearhammer, Wm, wks G W Eller, r 
1121 s Frederick. 

Debow, Dora, wid George, bds 19 5th 
av e. 

Debow, Floyd, student, r 19 5th av e. 

Deegan, Andrew J, cond C G W, r Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Demattio, Joe, Ibr C G W, r 203 w 
Charles. 



' De Mell, L O, wife Maud, r 403 s 
[ Frederick. 

i Demico, August, wks C G W, bds 118 
I nFrederick. 

' Demico, Frank, boiler mkr helper C 
j G W, rms 210 4th av s. 
I Denattio, Veto, Ibr C G W, r 203 w 
j Charles. 

j Denham, Benj. W, wife Elsie, photog- 
I rapher 12 s Frederick. 
I Derflinger, David, wife Anna, contrac- 
! to, G24 Third av w, r same. 
Derflinger, Ray C, steamftr C G W, r 

G24 3rd av w. 
Derflinger, Thomas, carp David Der- 
flinger, r 624 3rd av w. 
Dermott, J. C, boiler mkr helper C G 

W. 
Detention Hospital, 4th st and 11th 

av w. 
Detrick, Mary, wid George, r 320 1st 

av e, res tel C B 197. 
De Veny, Chester B, wife Mary, prin- 
ter The Record, r 205 2nd st n. 
Dever, John, r 627 s Frederick. 
Dever, Miss Mary, r 627 s Frederick. 
Dsvitt. brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Devorak, E, boiler mkr C G W. 
Deyo, Miss Catherine, laundress Spen- 

sley's Laundry Co, r 217 2nd av s. 
Deyo, Earl E, brakeman C G W, r 217 

2nd av s. 
Deyo, Miss Edith A, laundress Spens- 

ley's Laundry Co, r 217 2nd av s. 
Dfeyo, Etta G, wid Elias, r 217 2nd 
av s. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ j^ ^ ^ 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



53 



Deyo, Percy, call boy C G W, r 217 

2nd av s. 
Dickerman, Fred, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Dickman, Gustave C, wife Corda, wks 

C G W, r 718 3rd av e. 
Dickson, C F, toolman C G W, r 154 

4th av n. 
Dickson, James, florist C G W, r 154 

4th av n. 
Disher, Mary, wid W C, r 417 3rd st w. 
Dittman, W, fireman C G W, rms Han- 
Ion House, lives Dubuque. 
Dixon, "Charles, wks C G W, r 311 2nd 

av e. 
Dixon, brakeman C G W. 
Dixon, John T, painter, bds 215 \yz 

st w. 
Dixon, Mrs. Mary, r 311 2nd av e. 
Dixon, Miss Nellie, r 311 2nd av e. 
Doane, Elmer E, wife Elizabeth, boiler 

mkr helper, r 217 4th st n. 
Doane, Miss Ora L, student, r 217 4th 

st n. 
Doctor, John B, wife Maggie, r 14 

6th av s. 
Doctor, Leroy J, wife Amy, bkpr First 

National Bank, r 22 6th av s. 
Doctor, Richard, wife Bell, express 

messenger Wells Fargo, r 24 3rd 

st n. 
Doctor, Samuel, r 14 Sixth av s. 
Dodge, Fred, agt, rms 126 s Frederick. 
Dodge, J W, conductor C G W, rms 

139 1st av n. 




When you 
think of.,.. 

PAINTING 
PAPERING 

Think 
of us. 

J. R. Perry & Co.35!E!!!!l! 

Dodge, William J, wife Bertha, con- 
tractor, 212 3rd st e, r same. 
Doerfier, Magdalena, wid Aberhart, r 

964 s Frederick. 
Doge, Childs, brakeman C G W, rms 

119 3rd av n. 
Dcherty, Walter, elk Hotel Mealey, r 

same. 
Doig, John A, mach C G W, bds 150 

2nd av n. 
Dolan, Miss Mary, dom 24 2nd av s. 
Dolby, fireman C G W. 
Donahue, Ambrose, student, r 638 3rd 

av w. 
Donahue, Daniel T, wife Catherine, 

blksmth helper C G W\ r 638 3rd av 

w. 
Donahue, John D, wife Marguerite, bar 

tender H L Giffrow, r 108 7th w. 
Donahue, Joseph A, wks Massin & 

Brown, r 638 3rd av w. 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



"Old Coloniar' ^( «r 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer >^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



54 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Donlin, John, r 126 1st av s. 
Donlin, Kathrine, milliner W H Wat- 
kins, r 126 1st av s. 
Donlin, Miss Mary, milliner, r 126 1st 

av s. 
Donlin, Thomas F, wife Margaret, carp 

C G W, r 126 1st av s. 
Donnellys, James, cond C G W, r 118 

s Frederick st. 
Dooley, Arthur, fireman C G W, rms 

22 5th av n. 
Dooley, Miss Maud, student, bds 201 

5th av s. 
Dooley, Samuel, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 

READ THE DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Oelwein Register. 

Doran, Wm B, wife Agnes, carp C G 

W, r 227 3rd av s. 
Doran, Wni M, wife Catherine, blk- 

smth helper C G W, r 238 6th w. 
Dorset, John, wife Eliza, butcher 

Schaller & Churchill, r 131 2nd 

av s. 
Dorset, John R, wks Gas Co, r 131 2nd 

av s. 
Doucett, Casius M, wife Rebecca, eng 

C G W, r 503 1st av e. 
Douglas, Miss Alice M, dressmkr, r 

636 5th av w. 
Douglas. Edgar R, r 636 5th av w. 



DOUGLAS, FRANK L, wife Mina, ed- 
itor The Oelwein Daily, bus tel C 
B 265. 

Douglas, Miss Gertrude B, r 636 5th 
av w. 

Douse, brakeman C G W. 

Dowdall, John, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Downing, Miss Delpha, r 9 First 
St s. 

Downing, Miss Donna, dressmkr Mrs. 
Mate Downing, r 9 First st s. 

Downing, Miss Mabel, r 214 3rd av n. 

Downing, Macy, wid Richard, r 214 
3rd av n. 

Downing, Mate, wid Charles, dress- 
mkr, 9 First st south, r same. 

Downing, Miss Neva L, r 9 1st s. 

Dowse, Edward, r 30 4th av e. 

Dowse, Philip, wife Anna M, justice of 
the peace, 3 s Frederick, r 30 4th 
av e. 

Doyle, M, brakeman C G W, rms 118 
s Frederick. 

Drake, Miss Maude M, student, r 112 
4th av e. 

Drake, William H, wife Celga, carp, r 
112 4th av e. 

Dress, Peter, barber A A Williams, r 
19 2nd st w. 

Dressing, W, eng C G W, r St Paul. 

Dreyer, Bros (Lorenz and F W Drey- 
er), n s 10 w, 0th w of 1st av w. 

Dreyer, Frederick W (Dreyer Bros), r 
n s 10 w, 6th w of 1st av W. 

Dreyer, Fredericka, wid • Wm, r n-s 
10th w, 6th w of First av w. 



PHS HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH &GRAUER,TflilnrR 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



55 



Dreyer, Miss Lene E, r n s 10 w, 6th 

w of 1st av w. 
Dreyer, Lcrenz (Dreyer Bros), r n s 

10 \v, Cth w of 1st av w. 
Driscoll, James, student, r 312 5th 

av w. 
Driscoll, Jeremiah, wife Ellen, wks C 

G W, r 312 5th av w. 
Druse, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Dub Star Brew Co, H L GIFFROW, 

agt, 139 s Frederick. 
Dudley, Clau'Je, wife Gertrude, r 1121 

a Frederick. 
Duenow, Albert, wks C G W, rms 206 

s Frederick. 
Duenow, Otto, wife May, wks C G W, 

rms 206 s Frederick. 
Duff, Carrie, wid Bert, r 127 5th av s. 
Duggan, Miss Rhetta, dressmkr, rms 

30 4th av e. 
Duhere, Miss Hattie, dom 27 4th av e. 



Duke, Henry H, wks C G W, bds 121 

1st av e. 
Dunbar, Miss Cora, student, r 120 7th 

av n. 
Dunbar, Harry, wife Eliza, traveling 

salesman, r 19 2nd st n. 
Dunbar, Miss Lulu, student, r 120 7th 

av n. 
Dunham, Addle, wid Thomas, r 213 

Stickney Bvd w. 
Dunham, Arthur L, wks C G W round 

house, r 213 Stickney Bvd w. 
Dunn, Frank E, wife Johanna, wks C 

G W, r 116 5th av e. 
Dunn, Miss Myrtle, student, r 116 5th 

av e. 
DWYER, MICHAEL P, .wife Nora 

(Kint & Dwyer) r 225 2nd av s. 
Dwyer, Thomas, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 
Dye, Mert, rms 122 5th av w. 



Eagles Hall, 100 1st st w. 

Earl, Amasa A, baker Crescent Bak- 
ery, r IS e Charles. 

Earnshaw, James, wife Lizzie, r 43 
Gth st n. 

Easton, Harry D. wife Etta, elk Lucas 
Grocery, r 139 1st av n. 

Eckhart, Earl F, wife Mamie, wks C 
G W, r 1109 w Charles st. 

Ecklund, Rollo E, wife Anna, prof Oel- 
wein Business University, r 36 s 
Frederick. 



Edgar & Kirkman (T E Edgar & H A 
Kirkman) 5 and 10c Store, 21 e 
Charles. 

Edgar, Thomas E, wife Arthemis (Ed- 
gar & Kirkman), r 23 e Charles. 

Edgington, George T, wife Julia, stock 
buyer, r 16 1st av n. 

Edgington, Miss Mae, r 16 1st av n. 

Edom, Emmet, wife Margaret, elk Ho- 
tel Mealey, r 13 s Frederick. 

Edom, Mrs. Maggie, cook Hotel Mea- 
ley r 13 s Frederick. 



BELL & RICHARDS 



phone: 98. 



PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



W. G. F ETTKET 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



6000 TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHONE 32 



56 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Edwards, Dennis, wife Hattie, car rpr 

C G W, r 242 Tth av w. 
Edwards, Frank, mchst, r 242 7th av 

west. 
Edwards, Henry, wife Alberta, wlvs C 

G W, r 20 6th av e. 
Edwards, James W, wife Nellie M, 

boiler mkr C G W, r 713 1st av w. 
Edwards, John S, wife Minnie, wks C 

G W, r 119 51/2 St e. 
Eggert, Elmer W, Ibr C G W, r 215 

6th w. 
Eggert, Miss Elta A, elk L N Haskins, 

r 215 6th w. 
Eggert, John, wife Emma, wks W A 

Boyach, r 215 6th w. 
Eggert, Miss Minnie B, r 215 6th st. 
Eggert, Ray W, wks C G W, r 215 6th 

wesr. 
Ehrenfeld, Charles, mach C G W, r 

306 Sth av w. 
Ehrenfeldt, Charles, mchst, bds 206 

6th av w. 

Elder, James D, fireman, rms 22 5th 

av n. 
Elder, Miss Mary, dom 20 w Charles. 
Eldridge, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Elfstrom, Oscar, wife Mary, mach C 

G W, r 222 4th av s. 
Elkins, John F, wife Edna, boiler 

mkr C G W, r 115 1st av w. 
Eller, Miss Carrie, r 111 n Frederick. 
Eller, Miss Frances M, Osteopath, 111 

n Frederick, r same, bus tel C B 131. 

res tel C B 131. 



Eller, Francis, student, r 111 n Fred- 
erick. 

Eller, George W, wife Kath'erine, con- 
tractor and alderman 1st ward, 111 
n Frederick, r same, bus tel C B 
131, res tel C B 131. 

Eller, Miss Jennie, student, res 111 n 
Frederick. 

Eller, John B, wife Amelia, wks G W 
Eller, r n s 10th w 5th w of 1st av w. 

Eller, Joseph A, wife Charlotte, con- 
tractor, 121 1st St e, r same. 

Eller, Peter S, r 111 n Frederick. 

EUet, Hollie L, wife Bertha, mach C 
G W, r 124 5th av s. 

Ellingson, Peter, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Elliott, Ernest L, wife Clara, judge 
Superior Court, 1st asst chief Fire 
Department, r 111 4th n, res tel C 
B 186. 

Elliott, H. L, mchst C G W. 

Ellis, George, mchst C G W, bds 115 
5th av w. 

Ellis, J, stationary eng C G W, 18 s 
Frederick. 

Emerson, William, mchst C G W, bds 
20c 6th av w. 

Engelman, Charles, wife Ida, cabinet 
mkr C G W, r 814 s Frederick. 

Enger, William, mchst C G W, rms 
102 1st av e. 

England, Peter, cond C G W, rms 126 
1st av s. 

Englebritson, D, fireman C G W. 

Engles, Julia, wid Anton, r 602 1st 
av e. 



^^ SECURE DATES EARLY AT ^un 




idler's [Opera |oou$e 



'fr A. C. WILSON iis 



Wall Paper^Paints^Window Glass 



OELWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



57 



Englin, P, cond C G W, r Mrs. Donnel- 
ly's. 

Eno, George W, wife Eugena, wks C G 
W, r 107 9th av w. 

Erb, Malvin, wife Mabel, elk C G W, r 
133 2nd av n. 

Erdman, Miss Cyreue, r 219 1st st e. 

Erdman, Miss Hattie, stenog R J 
Young, r 219 1st st e. 

Erickson, Angello A, wife Annie, pain- 
ter C G W, r 500 5tli av w. 

Erickson, Carl, r 500 5th av w. 

Erickson, Gustave, wife Ellen, car repr 
C G W, r C13 s Frederick. 

Erion, C M, fireman C G W, rms Han- 
Ion House. 

Ernst, William, wife Sarah, r 512 2nd 
av e. 

Esley, George, brakeman C G W, rms 
102 3rd av n. 

Eslick, J H, fireman C G W. 

Eslinger, Fred, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Esterley, Frank, wife Eliza A, tinner 
C G W, r 129 4th av s. 

Etzkorn, Henry W, wife Pauline, boil- 
ermkr C G W, r 109 3j-d av s. 

Evans, Griffith, wife Anna, wks C G W, 
r 225 41/2 st w. 

Evans, Harry, carp, r 400 s Frederick. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



2 W. CHARLES 



Evans, Harry E, student, r 225 4% 

st w. 
Evans, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Everson, Miss Ingfried, dom, 631 n 

Frederick. 
Ewing, Miss Celia, r 21 w Charles. 
Ewing, Miss Edna A, laundress, Spen- 

sley's Laun drying Co, r 21 w 

Charles. 
Ewing, Miss Jennie, r 213 5th av w. 
Exchange, The, F W Smith, prop, 16 

1st av s. 
Ezzo, G, Ibr coal shoot C G W, 203 

w Charles. 
Ezzo, Joe, Ibr coal shoot C G W, r 203 

w Charles. 



^ ^ ^ ^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO >{» ^ ^ vj? 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Kernahan & Gosse ! 

PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



Up-to-Date LIVERY 

The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers . • • . 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Fagg, Edward, cond, r Mealey Hotel. 
Faggans, Christ, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Fague, Daniel, wife Delila, bds 121 1st 

av 6. 
Fairfield, Willard, wife Emma, elk 

Massin & Brown, r 220 2nd av n. 
Fairley, Andrew J, wife Catherine, r 

518 e Charles. 
Fanta, Thomas, wife Maggie, car repr 

C G W, r 511 Fourth av s. 
Farito, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 



The 



Oelwein Register 

IS THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM 



Farley, Julia, wid, r 229 n Frederick. 
Farrelly, Richard, wks C G W, rms 

110 4th street n. 
Farrell, Edward W, cond C G W, bds 

Mealey Hotel. 
Farrell, Thomas, wife Bridget, eng C 

G W, r 721 2nd st n. 
Farrell, W, eng C G W, rms Hanlon 

House, lives Dubuque. 
Farris, James, wife Nellie, wks C G 

W, r 136 6th av n. 
Fassett, Almond, wife Phoebe, bds 

212 4th St n. 
Faurote, Miss Fannie, elk Tyrrel, rms 

212 2nd st s. 
Fawkes, A, car repr C G W. 



Fawkes, L, Ibr C G W. 
Fayette County Business Men's As- 
sociation, pres, W A Magner, sec, A 

M Odell, 20 s Frederick. 
Felsman, Miss Emma, dom, 201 e 

Charles. 
Felton, John E, fireman C G W, rms 

717 2nd st n. 
Feltus, Miss Florence M, student, r 

412 1st av e. 
Feltus, George R, student, r 412 1st 

av e. 
Feltus, James B, wife Florence, r 412 

1st av e. 
Fenley, Miss Hettie L, student, 522 w 

Charles. 
Fenley, Miss Ruby M. r 522 w Charles. 
Fenley, Simpson S, wife Minnie, fore- 
man pattern shop C G W, r 522 w 

Charles. 
Fennell, Miss Agnes, r 932 1st av w. 
Fennell, James D, wife Maggie, wks 

C G W, r 932 1st av w. 
Fennell, John, r 932 1st av w. 
Fennell, Joseph, student, r 932 1st 

av w. 
Fennell, Lawrence, r 932 1st av w. 
Fennell, Thomas, wks C G W, r 932 

1st av w. 
FENNER, GEORGE F, photographer 

114 s Frederick, r same. 
Fenner, Nancy E, wid Nelson, r 440 

s Frederick, res tel C B. 



VISIT- 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERiGK ST. 



PHONE 21 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP ^^^ THAT'S ALL 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



59 



FENNER, THEODORE, photographer, 

bds 32 n Frederick street. 
Fereday, Allen, wife Annie, r 800 3rd 

av w. 
Fereday, B'enj, wife Anna, tmstr, r 19 

5th av e. 
Fereday, Miss Mabel, dressmkr Mrs 

Sager, r 800 3rd av w. 
Ferguson, C Roy, student, r IIG 4th 

av s. 
Ferguson, David, r 116 4th av s. 
Ferguson, R Chisholm, wife Martha, 

mach C G W, r 116 4th av s. 
FERRIS, JOHN C, wife Jessie (Conley 

& Ferris), r 420 e Charles, res tel 

C B 182. 
Ferris, Ernest, cond C G W, r Clarion, 

Iowa. 
Ferry, Miss Bernadette, student, r 620 

5th av w. 
Ferry, James G, boilermkr appr C G 

W, r 620 5th av w. 
Ferry, Joseph, wife Mary J, Ibr, r 620 

5th av w. 
Ferry, Leonard, student, r 620 5th 

av w. 
FETTKETHER, WM G, wife Marie, 

livery boarding and sales stables, 14 

1st av s, r 12 n Frederick, bus tel 

C B 32. 
Fiala, Anthony, wife Threasa, tailor, 

A G Parker, r 109 3rd av e. 
Fiala, George, student, r 109 3rd av e. 
Fiala, Irvin, student, r 109 3rd av e. 
Field, Edward, wks C G W, bds 124 

1st av w. 



FIELD, FRED, wife Mary A real es- 
tate, r 303 n Frederick. 
Fig, H, eng C G W. 
Finicle, J, tool boy C G W. 
Finley, Miss Ruble, waitress Arling- 
ton House, r same. 
Finicle, H S, chargeman mach shops 

C G W. 
Finnegan, P J, Ibr warehouse C G W. 
First Christian Church, Rev J T 

Shreve, pastor, northeast cor of w 

Charles and 1st av n. 
First Methodist Episcopal Church, 

Rev G H Kennedy, pastor, cor 1st 

av s and 1st st s. 
FIRST NATIONAL BANK, pres, T L 

Hanson, v pres, E C Belt, cashier, 

Alfred Hanson, 10 w Charles, bus 

tel C B 99. 
First Presbyterian Church, Rev A E 

Moody, pastor, e Charles, cor 1st 

av s. 
Fish, George W, student, r 219 e 

Charles. 
Fish, Hattie E, wid George A, r 219 

e Charles. 
Fisher, George W, cond C G W, bds 

Mealey Hotel. 
Fisher, J C, fireman C G W. 
Fisher, Oliver M, eng C G W, rms 22 

5th av n. 

Fisher, pass cond C G W, Mealey 

Hotel. 
Fitch, James H, wife Margaret, r 130 

2nd st e. 



B RicHAiiDs HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnisliers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



60 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Fitzgerald, Miss Nellie, dom, 138 1st 

av n. 
Flagg, Charles A, wife Pearl, elk R M 

S, r 22 5th av n. 
Flanagan, Miss Blanche, elk Glan- 

ville's, r 117 3rd st n. 
Flanagan, Homer W, wife Isabella, 

foreman painter C G W, r 117 3rd 

St n. 
Flanagan, Robert, student, r 117 3rd 

St n. 
Fleming, Michael, real estate and city 

treas, 1 s Frederick, r 413 w 

Charles. 
Fleming, James, wks C G W, r 413 

w Charles. 
Fleming, William, wks C G W, r 413 

w Charles. 
Floyd, Harold, waiter Sadler's Cafe, 

r 10 s Frederick. 
Flynn, Hugh H, wife Ellen, blksmth 

helper C G W, r 710 2nd av s. 
Flynn, John E, wife Olia, fireman C 

G W, r 125 4th av e. 
Folsom, Hyren H, wife Silence, ex- 
press, r 123 5th St n, res tel C B 

53. 
Ford, Charles, elk Massin & Brown, 

r country. 

Ford, Earl, carp, r 409 s Frederick. 
Fordyce, Miss Mabel E, office attd, 

Gahringer & Fordyce, r 106 4th 

av s. 

FORDYCE, WILBERT E, wife Nellie, 
(Gahringer & Fordyce), r 106 4th 
av s, res tel C B 136. 



Forrest, John T, mchst C G W, rms 

115 3rd av n. 
Fortsythe, Clarence, wife Carrie, mach 

C G W, rms 218 3rd av s. 
Fortier, Albert, wife Tessie, boiler- 

mkr, r 102 10th w. 
Fortier, John E, wife Bridget, painter 

C G W, r 521 7th w. 
Fortier, Joseph U, r 521 7th w. 
Fortier, Joseph W A, wife Theresa, r 

521 7th w. 
Fortier, Louis N, U S Navy, r 521 

7th w. 
Fortier, Miss Mary D, r 521 7th w. 
Fortney, Mrs. Alice, r 29 n Frederick. 
Fortney, Fred, elk Massin & Brown, 

r 29 n Frederick. 
Foval, Grover, wks C G W, r 124 1st 

av w. 
Foval, Lloyd, r 124 1st av w. 
Fox, Charles R, wks C G W, r 18 4th 

av e. 
Fox, Charles, cook Union House, r 

same. 
Fox, Charles, wire worker, rms 201 

5th av s. 
Fox, Miss Effie M, r 502 e Charles. 
Fox, Mrs. Emma M, nurse, r 19 s 

Frederick. 
Fox, E, elk C G W, rms 118 1st st e. 
Fox, Frank, wife Fay, wks C G W, r 

18 4th av e, res tel C B 244. 
Fox, Miss Lulu, student, r 18 4th 

av e. 
Fox, Rollin S, wife Maud L, foreman 

C G W freight depot, r 11 5th av s. 



FOR HOIST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

illiger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 

OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ ^ ^ ^ 



61 



Fox, Samuel J, wife Mary E, r 502 e 

Charles, res tel C B 87. 
Fox, Seth O, wife Anna, mchst C G 

W, r 230 6th av w. 
Frakes, L Elmer, wife Flora, wks C 

G W, 517 7th w. 
Francisco, Elmer N, wife Clara B, air 

brake inspector C G W, r 15 w 

Charles. 
Franke, Anton, Ibr C G W. 
Frankie, fireman C G W, rms Arling- 
ton House. 
Franke, H P, cond C G W, r St Paul. 
Fraser, Thomas, painter, bds 324 w 

Charles. 
Frazer, Miss Abigal M, waitress Un- 
ion House, 18 2nd st w. 
Frazer, Miss J Mabel, student, r 18 

2nd st w. 
Frazer, Robert, r 18 2nd st w. 
Frederickson, Severne N, wife Edith, 

brakeman C G W, r 212 4th st n 
Free Baptist, Rev E L True, pastor, 

cor 1st av e and 1st st n. 
Freeman, Maurice E, wks C G W, r 

29 3rd av e. 
Freeman, Rollin H, wife Clara, painter 

3 1st ave e, r 29 3rd av e. 
Freeman, brakeman C G W, caboose. 
Freidle, Joseph, agt Guaranty Mutual 

Life Ins Co. 
French, Miss Lois, dom, 105 4th av s. 
Fridgen, N, eng C G W, rms 717 2nd 

st n. 




CIGARS 

OF 
QUALITY 

have made a 
reputation for 
our cigar dept. 
worth more to 
us than Dia- 
monds 



J. R. PERRY & CO. 

Frisbie, Mrs Ada, elk Lucas grocery, 

r 301 e Charles. 
Fritz, A H, mchst C G W. 
Fritz, Joseph, mchst C G W. 
Frost, Miss Anna, pastry cook Hotel 

Mealey, r same. 
Frost, Peter, well driller, rms 112 

3rd av e. 
Fryer, Miss Ina, r 126 s Frederick. 
Fullbright, John, wife Minnie, cigar 

maker F H Tousley, r 109 w 

Charles. 
Fuller, George, eng C G W, r St. Paul. 
Fulmer, Adam, wife Ellen, foreman 

brass works Oelwein foundry, r 124 

1st av e. 
Fulmer, Miss Ruth, student, r 124 1st 

av e. 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



WtiolGsah Manufacturer of 

(i^drs i^ Tolidcto 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



C2 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Gaetor, Mandupro, Ibr C G W. 

Gage, Arthur E, wife Orpha, wks C G 
W, r 221 4th st w. 

Gage, Lewis, cond C G W, r St. Paul. 

Gage, Otto, student, r 221 4th st w. 

Gager, Miss Cora, student, r 31 s 
Frederick. 

GAHRINGER & FORDYCE, (J M Gah- 
ringer and W E Fordyce), physi- 
cians, 14 s Frederick, bus tel C B 
27. 



For Want Ads 



■PHONE 28' 



GAHRINGER, JOHN M, wife Mae 

(Gahringer & Fordyce), r 211 1st 

av e, res tel C B 178. 
Gallagher, Dudley E, wks C G W 

freight house, r 100 6th w. 
Gallagher, Edward, wife Elizabeth E, 

wks C G W, r 100 6th w. 
Gallagher, George R, mchst C G W, r 

502 1st av e. 
Gallagher, Miss Henrietta, r 502 1st 

av e. 
Gallagher, James F, wife Maud C, yard 

master C G W, r 17 5th av s. 
Gallagher, John, wife Kathryn, pass 

and freight agt C G W, r 201 7th st 

w, res tel C B 82. 



Gallagher, Joseph, elk freight depot 

C G W, res 502 1st av e. 
Gallagher, Lewis B, student, r 502 1st 

av e. 
Gallagher, Leo M, student, r 100 

6th w. 
Gallagher, Peter J, wife Margaret, 

toolman C G W, r 502 1st av e. 
Galloway, Darwin, elk, r 503 3rd av e. 
Galloway, Miss Martha, student, r 503 

3rd av e. 
Galloway, William, wife Lucy, painter, 

r 503 3rd av e. 
Galvin, Edward, wks C G W, bds 102 

10th w. 
Gardner, Andrew J, wife Mary, wks 

C G W, r 136 4th av e. 
Gardner, Clayton, car repr C G W, 

rms 409 s Frederick. 
Gardner, Emanuel F, wife Margaret, 

wks C G W, r 612 8th av e. 
Gardner, Fred, eng C G W, r St Paul. 
Gardner, Frank, student, r 612 8th 

av e. 
Gardner, William A, wife Alice M, 

wks C G W, r 628 7th av e. 
Gardner, William V, wife Hattie, 

man C G W, r 127 3rd av n. 
Garnatz, Fred, wife Dena, shoe 

11 s Frederick, r 124 6th av s. 
Garner, Howard R, wife Lula, painter 

C U Marsh, r 1022 South Frederick. 

Garrett, Hollis, wife Sarah, wks 

Kent Lumber Co, r 702 2nd av e. 



tool- 



mkr 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleanings Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO 350.00 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



63 



Gartz, Fred, wife Frances, fireman C 

G W, r 25 Srd street n. 
Gartz, Homer J, wife Iva, carp, r 25 

3rd St n. 
Garvey, M J, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 
Gary, Charles G, sec W H Meyer Co, 

foreman Hose Co No 2, r 423 s 

Frederick. 
Gary, Frank, wks C G W, r 423 s 

Frederick. 
Gary, Rose, wid John, r 423 s Fred- 
erick. 
Gately, Thos, Ibr C G W. 
Gates, Edwin C, wife Rebecca A, 

hardware 20 e Charles, r 8 4th st n. 
Gates, F J, V pres Oelwein Gas and 

Power Co, r 222 3rd av n. 
Gates, Harrison, student, r 8 4th st n. 
Gates, Miss Mae, r 8 4th st n. 
Gay, Earl F, mgr Oelwein Pantatori- 

um, r 602 8th st w. 
Gay, Ira, student, r 602 8th w. 
Gaynor, Miss Mary, waitress Union 

House, r same. 
Gay, Wm W, wife Alice, wks section 

C G W, r 602 8th w. 
Geiger, Albert W, cond C G W, bds 

Mealey Hotel. 
Gerhart, Frederick W, wife Nancy M, 

bkpr George Jackson Co, r 136 4th 

av s, res tel'c B 112. 
Gentle, Joseph, elk California Fruit 

Store, r 6 4th av e. 

Gerken, Floyd, student, r 731 1st av e. 



Gerken, Nelson A, wife Mary, agt 

Northwestern Life Ins Co, 731 1st 

av e, r same. 
Gerstenberger, Miss Anna, student, r 

102 10th w. 
Gerstenberger, Charles, boiler mkr 

helper C G W, r 102 10th w. 
.Gerstenberger, Frank, wife Catherine, 

car repr C G W, r 102 10th w. 
Gerstenberger, John, wks C G W, r 

102 10th w. 
Gibbons, George, wife Tessie, carp C 

G W shops, r 119 s Frederick. 
Gibbons, James W, wife Edith, cigar 

mkr Winrow & Wood, r 23 e 

Charles. 
Gibbons, Martha, wid Thomas, r 607 

1st st e. 
Gibbons, Wm, eng C G W, rms Han- 
Ion House. 
GIFFROW, HENRY L, wife Harriet, 

saloon, 139 s Frederick, r 412 e 

Charles, bus tel C B' 94, res tel C 

B 181. 
Gilbert, Mrs. Arlie, waitress Sadler's 

Cafe, rms 10 s Frederick. 
Gilbert, George L, wife Adelia, r 502 

w Charles. 
Gilbert, George R, wife Jessie, lather, 

r 512 w Charles. 
Gilbert, Harry, wife Arlie, elk Sara- 
toga, r 502 w Charles. 
Gilbert, Herbert B, wife Sophia A, r 

330 5th av s. 
Giles, B Bert, mach C G W, rms 118 

s Frederick. 
Gill, Frank, student, r 706 3rd av w. 



BELL & RICHARDS 



PHONE Q 8. 



mi CALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NiGHT 



Ks^t W. G. FETTKETHER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



14 FIRST avenue: SOUXHi 



G4 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Gill, Thomas H, wife May, carp C G 
W, r 706 3rd av west. 

Gilman, Alfred, r 201 1st st w. 

Gilman, Roswell B, wife Clara, fore- 
man scrap gang C G W, r 201 1st 
St w. 

Gilson, Benj, wife Ora, wks C G W, 
r n s 10th w 1st west of 1st av w. 

GIRARD, ARTHUR J, wife Florence, 
(Spensley & Girard), r 516 1st av e, 
res tel C B 255. 

Glanville, Earl E, T R Glanville & 
Son, r Mason City. 

Glanville, Thomas R & Son (T R and 
E E Glanville, dry goods, 13 o 
Charles. 

Glanville, Thomas R, T R Glan- 
ville & Son, r Mason City. 

Glass, Miss Jennie, waitress Park Ho- 
tel, r same. 

Glass, Miss Myrtle, waitress Park Ho- 
tel, r same. 

Glass, Sylvester J, wife Josie, prop 

• Park Hotel 29 1st st w, y same, bus 
tel C B. 

Glazier, Albert H, wife Ida, wks Oel- 
wein Foundry, r 655 4th av s. 

Glazier, Miss Edna, dom 221 1st av e. 

Gleason, Michael J, wife Mary, agt 
Standard Oil Co, r 128 5th av s, res 
tel C B 129. 

Glenn, Charles, elk R S Glenn, r 221 

1st av e. 
Glenn, John C, wife Anna, mach C G 

W, r 304 4th av s. 



Glenn, Roland S, wife Rosella, prop 

Beehive 9 n Frederick, r 221 1st av 

e, bus tel C B' 233. 
Glew, Miss Eva, laundress City Laun- 

dring Co, bds 207 51/2 st e. 
Gloeckner, Miss Beulah, r 220 n Fred- 
erick St. 
Gloeckner, Miss Flossie, student, r 220 

n Frederick st. 
Gloeckner, Harry, traveling salesman, 

r 220 n Frederick st. 
Gloeckner, John G, wife Emelia, car 

repr C G W, r 220 n Frederick st. 
Gloeckner, Roy, mach appr C G W, r 

220 n Frederick st. 
Glynn, A C, mchst C G W. 
Golden, brakeman C G W, caboose. 
Goff, wm, boiler mkr helper C G W. 
Goldsberry, Louis E, wife Clara, prin- 
ter Oelwein Register, r 23 2nd av n. 
GOSSE, HENRY, (Kernahan & Gos- 

se) r 3 e Charles. 
GOSSE, HENRY C (McQueen & 

Gosse) r 3 e Charles. 
Gosse, Miss Natalia, elk McQueen & 

Gosse, r 3 e Charles. 
Gottschskie, Emil, wks C G W. bds 214 

5th av s. 
Gout, Charles, wks C G W, rms 38 

n Frederick. 
Graff, .Joseph P, shoemkr N Graff, r 

27 s Frederick. 
Graff, Nicholas, wife Mary, shoes 27 

s Frederick, r same. 
Graff, Peter F, wife Elizabeth M, 2nd 

asst. chief Fire Department, r 39 

4th av s. 



SEEJ. W. RIDLERFOR 

Sanitary Plumbing ^ Heating 



'fis- A. C. WILSOU gs 



DrugS' 



Books 



Stationery 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



65 



Graham Bros (C O & J E Graham), 
junk and second hand goods 13 1st 
st w. 

Graham, Charles O, wife Mary E 
(Graham Bros), r 112 4th av w. 

Graham, David, wife Mae, wlis C G W, 
r 120 6th av n. 

Graham, Miss Edna, student, r 1 e 
Charles. 

Graham, Edward Jr, porter, r 36 4th 
av w. 

Graham, John, wife Mary, wks C G 
W, r 433 s Frederick. 

Graham, John E, wife Rosetta, (Gra- 
ham Bros), r 133 4th av w. 

Graham, William, wife Sarah, pipe fit- 
ter C G W, bds 216 5th av w. 

Gramming, Peter, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

GRAND LEADER, W F Gremmels, 
prop, groceries, crockery and glass- 
ware, 36 s Frederick, 7 1st st w, bus 
tel C B 45. 

Grand Pacific Tea & Coffee Co, Joseph 
L Medd, agt, 948 s Frederick, bus 
tel C B 115. 

Grand Union Tea Co, F M Sanders, 
agt, 319 2nd st e. 

Granncn, cond C G W, Des Moines, 
Iowa. 

GRAUER, JOHN E, (Smith & Grau- 
er), rms 1st av n. 

GRAVES, LODELL T, wife Beth, bro- 
ker, real estate collections and ins, 
r Fayette, la, bus tel Inter State 104. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES ANO 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



12 W. CHARLES 



Graves, Scott V R, wife Julia, r 25 2nd 
st n. 
Graves, W, eng C G W, rms 202 e 

Charles. 
Gray, John, wife Johanna, carp, r 1001 

w Charles st. 
Gray, W C, student, rms 126 1st av s. 
Great Western Eating House, J C Jep- 

son mgr. 
Great Western Depot, w Charles bet 

w Charles and 1st st w. 
Green, Arthur, wks C G W, r 106 7th 

av w. 
Green, Cecil P, student, r 22 3rd av s. 
Green, Miss Gladys M, student, r 22 

3rd av s. 
Green, John B, wife Cora, hardware, 

5 e Charles, r 22 3rd av s, bus tel 

C B 138, res tel C B 118. 
Green, John, boiler mkr C G W, bds 

10 s Frederick. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan & Gosse 



phone: 5o. 



NO. 12 FIRST ST. SOUTH 



GG 



OELWE.TN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Green, John, r 106 7th av w. 

Green, Laura, wid John, r 529 1st 

st w. 
Green, Jesse, cond C G W, r Dubuque. 
Greenley, Miss Grace V, stenog, r 100 

3rd av s. 
Gregory, George, porter M J Conway, 

rms 508 1st av s. 
Gregory, George, wife Abbie, foreman 

C G W, r 201 4th av s, res tel C B 

158. 
Gregory, Guy C, wks C G W, 220 2nd 

av e. 
Gregory, Miss Maud E, r 201 4th av s. 

MTHE REGISTER 

DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Gregory, William G, wife Alice, r 220 

2nd av e. 
Gremmels, Miss Amanda, r 134 1st av 

north. 
Gremmels, Edgar, elk (W F Grem- 
mels') r 134 1st av n. 
Gremmels, Miss Florence, bkpr W F 

Gremmels, r IG 4th av s. 
Gremmels, Henry, wife Minnie, elk 

Grand Leader, r 16 4th av s. 
Gremmels, Le Roy, call boy C G W, 

r 704 1st av e. 
Gremmels, Miss Myrtle, student, r 16 

4th av s. 
Gremmels, Peter, eng C G W, rms 721 

2nd st n. 



^VlSITr 



Gremmels, R, call boy C G W, r 704 
1st av e. 

Gremmels, Rose, wid Charles, milli- 
ner, 3 n Frederick, r 704 1st av e. 

Gremmels, Warren, wife Emma, elk 
W F Gremmels, r 123 1st st e. 

GREMMELS, WM F, wife Emma S, 
prop The Grand Leader, 36 s Fred- 
erick and 7 1st w, r 134 1st av n, 
bus tel C B 45, res tel C B 43. 

GRESSLER CAMPBELL DRUG CO, 
(F G Gressler and Levi Campbell), 
drugs, wall paper, stationery and 
paints, oils and glass, 33 s Freder- 
ick, bus tel C B 78. 

GRESSLER, FRED J, (Gressler- 
Campbell Drug Co, bds Hotel Mea- 
ly. 

Griffin, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Griffith, Benj T, wife Augusta, con- 
tractor, r 10 w Charles. 

Griffith, Wm, brakeman C G W, rms 
118 s Frederick. , 

Grim, James E, wife Anna, carp C G 
W, r 17 1st st e. 

Grim, Miss Sarah, student, r 17 1st e. 

Grimwood, Mantle J, wid Isaac, r IS 
3rd av s. 

Grimwood, Miss Neva, r 18 3rd av s. 

Grininger, John H, cond C G W, bds 
Mealey Hotel. 

Grove, Miss Eva B, elk T R Glanville 
& Son, r 527 w Charles. 

Grubb, Miss Lillian, r 33 2nd st n. 

Grubb, Sarah A, wid John F, bds 33 
2nd st n. 



E. N. Hoss & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 2 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & GRAUER. Jgjlors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



67 



Grubb, Simeon J, wife Theresa, mchst 

C G W. r 33 2 nd St n. 
Gruver, John, wife Mabel, wks C G W, 

r 103 6th av w. 
Guaranty Mutual Life Ins Co, N E 

Lyon, agt 12 s Frederick, Belt & 

Kint block. 
Guibb, J, mchst C G W. 
Guider, John, blksmth appr C G W, r 

213 2nd av s. 
Guilbert, William, wife Rose, cond C 

G W, r 723 1st av e, res tel C B 24fi. 



Guilotte, Adelard, wife Anna, wks Oel- 

wein Foundry Co, r 103 6th st n. 
Guiney, Cornelius, molder Oelwein 

Foundry Co, r 206 6th av w. 
Guite, John, mchst C G W. 
Guite, Wilfred, wife Catherine, carp 

C G W, r 117 7th w. 
Gund Brew Co, W T HANLON AGT, 

108 s Frederick. 
Gunther, cond C G W, r caboose. 
Gustin, A E, mach C G W, rms US 

s Frederick. 



Haas, J, fireman C G W, rms Arlington 

House. 
Hacking, Miss Edna M, stenog C G W, 

r 209 4th av s. 
Hacking, Edwin, wife Mary A, gen car 

foreman C G W, r 209 4th av s. 
Hacking, Miss Mildred A, r 209 4th 

av s. 
Haering, Charles L, wife Minnie, con- 
tractor, 24 1st av s, r same. 
Haffner, Miss Nora, waitress Great 

Western Eating House. 
Hagge, fireman C G W, r Arlington 

House. 

Hagge, William, electr C G W, rms 

112 1st av e. 
Haggenbach, Wm, elk A Schumacher 

& Son, r Mack Hotel. 
Hain, Edwin F, wife Mary, toolman C 

G W, r 411 2nd av e. 



Hain, George W, mach appr, r 411 

2nd av e. 
Hale, Martha L, wid A C, r 29 2nd 

st n. 
Halem, Michael, wks C G W, r 617 

2nd av w. 
Haley, Thomas E, cond C G W, bds 

Hotel Mealey. 
Hall, Charles M, wife Ruth, r 417 n 

Frederick. 

Hall, David, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Hall, Miss Emma, student, r 417 n 
Frederick. 

Hall, Ida M, wid Julian, r 110 4th st n. 

Hall, Miss Maude, r 417 n Frederick. 

Hall, Miss Ruth A, tchr, r 417 n Fred- 
erick. 

Hall, Miss Stella, tchr, r 417 n Fred- 
erick. 




RICHARDS 



phone: 9 S 



PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



THE HUB 



Clotliiers^ Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



68 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Hall, T F, fireman C G W, rms US 
s Frederick. 

Hall, T J, fireman C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 

Hall, Wiatt, student, r 417 n Freder- 
ick. 

Hall, fireman C G W, r Arlington 
House. 

Hall, freight brakeman C G W, r ca- 
boose. 

Hallett, freight cond C G W. 

Halley, W M, section foreman C R I 
& P, bds 118 n Frederick. 

Hallinan, Edward, elk O C Stebbins, r 
610 s Frederick. 

Hallinan, John, wife Julia, wks C G 
W, r 610 s Frederick. 

Hallman, Benj, wife Nellie, junk deal- 
er, r 237 7th av e. 

Halpin, Lawrence F, wife Jessie, tel 
opr Postal Telegraph & Cable Co, 
r 127 2nd st e. 

Halver, Edward, wife B'eulah, wks C 
G W, r 210 1st St e. 

Hamilton, Miss Frances, waitress Ho- 
tel Mealey, r same. 

Hamm Brew Co, WM KLEINANN, 
agt, 200 s Frederick. 

Hammond, Annie, wid Joseph, uphol- 
sterer C G W, r 5V2 w Charles. 

Hammond, Benjamin F, wife Emma, 
toolman C G W, r 15 3rd av e. 

Hammond, Frank M, wife Mary, tin- 
ner Campbell & King, r 210 5th av s. 

Hammond. Joseph G, mach appr C G 
W, r 5% w Charles. 



Hanahan, A, Ibr C G W. 
Hanahan, J, Ibr C G W. 
Hanan, Percy, mach C G W, rms 136 

4th av s. 
Hancock, Burle, upholsterer appr C G 

W, r 22 4th av e. 
Hancock, Charles A, wife Celia, car 

repr C G W, r 22 4th av e. 
Hand, Harry G, wks Oelwein Pantato- 

rium, r 207 5th av e. 
Hand, John, r 711 s Frederick. 
Hand, Margaret, wid John, r 711 s 

Frederick. 
Handy, Guy, elk L N Haskins, bds 13 

2nd av s. 
Hanken, Wm, wife Lena, car repr C 

G W, r 420 7th w. 
Hanlon, Edward, r 622 1st av w. 
Hanlon House, W T HANLON, prop 

221 s Fr:d8rick, bus tel C B CS. 
HANLON, JEREMIAH E, wife Eva A, 

bartender Mealey Annex, r 108 s 

Frederick. 
Hanlon, Joseph, barber, r 31 s Fred- 
erick. 
Hanlon, Joseph, barber, F A Cragan, 

rms 7 1st av e. 
Hanlon, Mary, wid Lawrence, r 622 

1st av w. 

HANLON, MICHAEL J, wife Anna D, 
bartender Mealey Annex, r 108 s 
Frederick. 

HANLON, WM T, wife Delia, prop 
Mealey Annex 108 s Frederick and 
prop Hanlon House 221 s Freder- 
ick, r same, bus tel C B 68. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliirer s Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK' 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEHEY" 



OHLV/EIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water j^ ^ j^ ^ 

69 



Hann, George F, blksmth and horse- 
shoer, 16 1st av w, r 324 w Charles. 

Hann, John, wife Freda, r 324 w 
Charles. 

Hann, Louis C, carp, r 324 w Charles. 

Hanna, Miss Amy I, student, r w s s 
Frederick, 2nd outside limits. 

Hanna, Frank, painter appr C G W, r 

508 1st av s. 

Hanna, Robert, wife Ella, twproad 
boss, r w s s Frederick, 2nd outside 
limits. 

Hanna, Roy W, rivet heater C G W, r 
w s s Frederick, 2nd outside limits. 

Hanna, Wm J, wife Maggie, painter 
C G W, r 508 1st av s, res tel C B 4. 

Hannan, Matthew, wife Rose, blksmth 
C G W, r 235 41/2 st w. 

Hannegan, Wm P, agt Guaranty Mu- 
tual Life Ins Co. 

Hanner, W, car repr C G W. 

HANSON, ALFRED, wife Edith (Han- 
son Bros), cashier First National 
Bank, r 403 n Frederick. 

Hanson, Benj S, Ibr, r 132 6th av n. 

HANSON BROS (T L and Alfred Han- 
son) 10 w Charles, bus tel C B 99. 

Hanson, Christian W, music tchr, rms 
11 s Frederick. 

Hanson, Clarence W, wife Byrdie, 
switchman C G W, r 15 2nd av n. 

Hanson, Clyde E, boiler mkr appr C G 
W, r 132 6th av n. 

Hanson, Miss Ellen, r 28 1st av e. 

Hanson, Mrs. Eliza E, wid Charles, r 
33 n Frederick. 



TJUSJS J. R. PERRY 



Oelwein's 
Leading 

Druggist 




too rtKi • 



He will be 
pleased to meet 
you at the store 



Hanson, Eliza M, wid Thomas, r 121 
2nd st n. 

Hanson, Edward, wife Carrie, express 
and transfer, r 28 1st av e, res tel 
C B 170. 

Hanson, Frank E, student, r 132 6th 
av n. 

Hanson, George L, student, r 121 2nd 
st n. 

Hanson, Gunder, wife Anna, mchst C 
G W, r 218 4th st n. 

Hanson, Harry, v pres Oelwein Far- 
mers' Creamery, r country. 

Hanson, Isaac, bds 724 w Charles. 

Hanson, James H, wife Martha, wks 
C G W, r 403 2nd st e. 

Hanson, John, wife Florence, switch- 
man C G W, r 106 2nd av n. 

Hanson, Joseph, bds 205 2nd st n. 

Hanson, J. A, switchman .foreman C 
G W. 



IfYcuOon'fKnow 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



F. H. TOUSLEY m 

32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

^ Tobiicco 



70 



OELWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Hanson, Joseph, brakeman C G W, r 
132 6th av n. 

Hanson, Miss Mary J, r 33 n Freder- 
ick. 

Hanson, Miss Matilda, r 103 2nd st n. 

Hanson, Maude, wid J W, r 229 n 
Fredericlv. 

Hanson, Miss Nellie, tchr. Park Side 
school, r 103 2nd st n. 

Hanson, Rudolph P, r 132 6th av n. 

Hanson, Swain S, wife Mary, eng C 
G W, r 132 6th av n. 

HANSON, THOMAS L, wife Elizabeth, 
Hanson P)ros) and pres First Na- 
tional Bank, r 203 1st av e. 



T^B OELWEiN REGISTER 

ADVERTISING COLUMNS. 



Hardy, James J, wife Mary, mach C 
G W, r 133 4th av s. 

Hardy, Ralph P, wife Bernice L, (Har- 
dy & Son), r 20 4th av s. 

Hardy & Son (Thos and R P Hardy), 
real estate, 10 w Charles. 

Hardy, Miss Susie, student, r 403 e 
Charles. 

Hardy, Thomas, wife Jessie I, (Hardy 
& Son), r 403 e Charles. 

Hardy, Thomas, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Hare, Elmer W, wife Emma, car repr 

C G W, r 122 5th av w. 
Harford, Harold, tmstr, r 703 1st st e. 



Harford, Peter B, wife Fanny, Ibr, r 

703 1st st e. 
Harlan School, Miss Rose Coonce prin, 

cor 1st av n and 4th st n. 
Harley, Clarence, student, r 327 9th 

av w. 
Harmon, David, wife Catherine, blk- 

smith helper C G W, r 811 1st av w. 
Harms, Fred W, wife Agnes, mach 

helper C G W, r 464 8th w. 
Harper, A S, dentist, 1 e Charles, rms 

306 1st s. 
Harper, Byron, eng Hotel Mealey, r 

same. 
Harper, Charles, wks C G W, r 25 5th 

st n. 
Harper, Miss Ethel, student, r 25 5th 

st n. 
Harper, Frank, wife Mary, wks C G W 

619 3rd av s. 
Harper, Harold, student, r 1006 s Fred- 
erick. 
Harper, Joseph R, wife Althea, wks C 

G W, r 25 5th st n. 
Harper, Samuel, wife Etta, wks C G 

W, r 1006 s Frederick. 
Harrington, Mary A, wid John, r 37 

5th av s. 
Harris, Dallis, bds Mack Hotel. 
Harris, George H, mchst C G W, rms 

123 1st av n. 
Harris, John, fireman C G W, rms 717 

2nd st n. 
Hartenbower, John E, pres Oelwein 

Light, Heat and Power Co, r Tonica, 

111. 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



71 



Harter, Henry L, wife Bertha, furni- 
ture 7 s Frederick, r 21 2nd av s. 

Harthill, Henry, wife Ada, mach C G 
W, r 210 2nd st s. 

Harthill, Lewis E, wife Anna, mach C 
G W, r 2:J0 3rd av s. 

Harthill, Robert, student, r 210 2nd 
st s. 

Hartsough, Porter L, wife Libbie A, 
engine house keeper Fire Depart- 
ment, r 602 2nd av e. 

Harvey, Charles G, wife Amy S, mchst 
C G W, r 18 3rd st n. 

Harwood, Charles H, wife Mary A, 
lawyer 13 e Charles, r 315 2nd st e. 

HASKINS, LEONARD N, wife Anna, 
dry goods, 9 s Frederick, r 13 2nd 
av s, bus tel C B 230. 

Haskins, Theron L, student, r 13 2nd 
av s. 

Hasler, Christopher, fireman C G W, 
rms 117 2nd st n. 

Hatch, William H, wife Ethel, wks C 
G W, 501 5th av w. 

Hath, Miss Edith, dom 502 e Charles. 

Hath, Mathias, wife Julia, r 108 5th 
av s. 

Hath, Rudolph, wks C G W, r 108 5th 
av s. 

Hausner. Claire D, tel cpr C G W, r 
102 5th av w. 

Hausner, Charles, wife • Anna, buyer, 
r 102 5th av n. 

Hawkins, Clarence, Ibr, bds Mack Ho- 
tel. 



Hawkins, Hartwell, wife Myrtle, wks 

C G W, r 101 10th av w. 
Hayes, Harry C, wife Josephine, mach 

C G W, r 51/2 w Charles. 
Haynes, Fred B, toolman C G W, r 110 

2nd av n. 
Haynes, Henry, wife Mary, mach C 

G W, r 110 2nd av n. 
Hazelwood, H, fireman C G W, rms 

106 3rd av n. 
Hazlet, Mildred, cook Sadler's Cafe, 

rms 10 s Frederick. 
Hazlet, Samuel K, wife Nellie, veter- 
inary surgeon, 14 1st av s, r 511 1st 

av e, bus tel C H 32, res tel C B 82. 
Head, Hobart D, wife Nellie, cond C 

G W, r G14 1st av s. 
Heath, Charles E, wife Elizabeth, (C 

E Heath & Son), r 232 5th av w. 
Heath, Charles L, wife Clara, carp C 

G W, r 125 2nd av s. 
Heath, Miss Dolly, student, r 232 5th 

av w. 
Heath, George J (C E Heath & Son), 

r 232 5th av w. 
Heath, Miss Nina M, student, r 125 

2nd av s. 
Heath, C E & Son (C E and G J 

Heath), real estate, 26 w Charles. 
Hedrick, John T, wife Flora, blksmth 

helper C G W, r 422 4th s. 
Heffern, Miss Nora, waitress Great W 

lunch rooms, 115 s Frederick. 
Hehir, Edward L, cond C G W, rms 10 

w Charles. 
Heid, Leo A, wife Clara, mach helper 

C G W, r 315 8th w. 



BELL & RICHARDS 



phone: 98. 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE GITV DAY OR NIGHT 



\N. G. F ETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 

GOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. PHONE 32 



72 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Heinze, Miss Clara, student, r 205 5th 
av s. 

Heinze, Otto H, wife Louise, macli C 
G W, r 205 5th av s. 

Heise, Edward, wife Emile, r 15 6th 
av s. 

Helen, Mike, Ibr C G W. 

Helm, Miss Anna, dom 225 2nd av s. 

Helm, Anthony, wife Ernestine, hard- 
ware 17 w Charles, r same. 

Helm, Miss Elsie, student, r 17 w 
Charles. 

Helm, Ernestine, hardware, 17 w 
Charles, r same. 

Helm, Frank, r 17 w Charles. 

Helm, Miss Rose, student, r 17 w 
Charles. 

Hely, Henry W, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Henche, H, carp C G W. 

Henchel, O, Ibr C G W. 

Hender, Miss Christina, dom 112 2nd 
St e. 

Henderson, Ernest M, wife Anna, pi- 
anos 23 e Charles, r 137 3rd av s, 
res tel C B 90. 

Henderson, Miss Helen, student, r 137 
3rd av s. 

Henderson, Horace B, r 137 3rd av s. 

Henderson, Newton W, wife Kather- 
ine, asst foreman store room C G 
W, r 626 4th av w. 

Henderson, fireman C G W, r Arling- 
ton House. 

Hendrick, Wm, mill man C G W. 



Henehan, Anthony J, wife Mary, wks 

C G W, r 218 4th av n. 
Henehan, Anthony, r 218 4th av n. 
Henehan, George, student, r 218 4th 

av n. 
Henehan, John, wks C G W, r 218 4th 

av n. 
Henehan, Joseph R, rivet heater C G 

W, r218 4th av n. 
Henehan, Miss Katherine, tchr, r 218 

4th av n. 
Henehan, Miss Mary, r 218 4th av n. 
Hensch, Miss Augusta, r 814 ord av w. 
Hensch, Herman, wife Jennie, wks C 

G W, r 814 3rd av w. 
Hentges, Christian, wks C G W, bds 

Mack Hotel. 
Herragan, Wm, boiler mkr C G W. 
Herriman, Samuel K, street commis- 
sioner, r 1.7 s Frederick. 
Heskett, Herbert, wife Florence M, 

wks Harry Walton, rms 202 1st st s. 
Heubler, Miss Laura, waitress Union 

House, r same. 
Hibbs. Fred, fireman C G W. bds Ar- 
lington House. 
Hickey, Miss Mamie, dress mkr. r 720 

3rd av w. 
Higbee, Miss Maude, music tchr, rms 

11 s Frederick. 
Higgins, Miss Agnes, r 612 7th av e. 
Higgins, Frank E, wife Emma, wks 

C G W. r G12 7th av e. 
Higgins, Herbert, student, r 612 7th 

av e. 
Higgins, Miss Myrtle, dom 17 2nd av 

south. 



J. W. RIDLER, 




PHONES 23 AND 33 

— 15 NORTH FREDERICK 



Phone 
144 



A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



73 



High School, Miss Mae Cresswell prin, 

cor 1st s and 3rd av s. 
Highland, Wm, eng C G W, rms 717 

2nd st n. 
Hildebrandt, Arthur C, barber D E 

Taylor, r 105 4th av s. 
Hiler, Charles O, wife Adeline, core- 

mkr Oelwein Foundry Co, r 29 3rd 

St n, res tel C B 25. 
Hill, Charles, eng C G W, rms 106 3rd 

av n. 
Hill, Don, wks C G W, r 215 1st av e. 
Hill, Frank S, wife Nina, wks C G W, 

r 215 1st av e. 
Hill, W, eng C GW. 
Hillcrest Poultry Farm, G B Mont- 
gomery prop, 501 7th av s. 
Hilliger, Miss Clara, dom 520 2nd st s. 
HILLIGER, EMIL E, wife Millie, prop 

Hilliger Shoe- Store 19 s Frederick, 

r 321 2nd av e. 
HILLIGER'S SHOE STORE, E E Hil- 
liger prop, boots and shoes 19 s 

Frederick. 
Hillman, August, wife Nellie, ticket 

and freigh't agt C R I & P, r 112 

1st av e. 
Hillman, Charles C, wife Mary N, 

(Knight & Hillman), r 420 2nd av e. 
Hillman, Daniel S, wife Cordilla, carp 

C G W, r 14 7th av s., 
Hillman, Miss Edna L, student, r 14 

7th av s. 
Hillman, Leverne S, student, r 14 7th 

av s. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 



CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



12 W, CHARLES 



Hindle, John H, wife Bessie, car repr 
C G W, r 124 4th av w. 

HINTZ, ALBERT .C (Hintz Bros), 
rms 5 1st av e. 

HINTZ, HENRY C, wife Christina. 
(Hintz Bros) r 5 1st av e. 

HINTZ BROS (H C and A C Hintz) 
furniture, carpets, oilcloth, etc, un- 
dertakers and upholsterers, 12 w 
Charles, bus tel C B 139a, 

Hoag, Marion A, wife Luella, photog- 
rapher 1 e Charles, r 112 4th av s. 

Hoag Studio, The, M A Hoag prop, 1 
e Charles. 

Hockings, Albert W, wife Emily, r 117 
4th av e. 

Hockings, Alfred, wife Clare, wks Oel- 
wein Foundry, r 319 1st st e. 

Hockings, Miss Hazel, student, r 319 
1st st e. 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



Kernahan & Gosse 

PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



Up-tO-Oate LIVERY 

The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers . • • • 



74 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Hockings, Jane, wid John, r 420 s 

Frederick. 
Hockings, Miss Zoe, r 117 4th av e. 
Hodge, Alexander, wife Eliza, janitor 

Harlan school, r 243 5% st e. 
Hodge, Earle P, student, r 243 51/^ 

st e. 
Hodge, George, wife Stella, wks C G 

W, r 702 4th av e. 
Hodkinson, Joseph, physician, bds 319 

1st st e. 
Hodge, Miss Mae L, student, r 243 5% 

st e. 
Hodgdon, Newell F, wife Minnie, carp 

C G W, r 601 1st av s. 

ADVERTISE IN THE DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Oelwein Register 

Hoffer, cond C G W, r caboose. 

Hoffman, F, car repr C G W. 

Hogan, Frank B, wife Katherine, wks 
C G W, r 517 1st av n. 

Hogan, Thomas, shoemkr, 121 s Fred- 
erick, r 409 s Frederick. 

Hogle, fireman C G W, r Arlington 
House. 

Holgerson, C, blksmth helper C G W. 

Hollenback, Roy, mach C G W, bds 32 
n Frederick st. 

Holmes, D E, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Holmes, Herman H, wife Vena, wks C 
G W. r 119 6th av e. 



Holmes, Irvin M, wife Bertha, boiler 
mkr helper C G W, r 24 4th av s. 

Holmes, Meade, wife Bertha, electri- 
cian C G W, r 321 1st av e. 

Holmes, William, eng C G W, rms 18 
1st av n. 

HOLROYD, JAMES, wife May, r 605 
s Frederick. 

Holroyd, Theodore, wks C G W, r 605 
s Frederick. 

Holseng, Erek E, wife Bertha, tailor 
A G Parker, r 48 5th street n. 

Holubar, Miss Anna, r 235 6th av w. 

Holubar, Fred, wife Frances, car repr 
C G W, r 238 6th av w. 

Holubar, Fred, mchst appr C G W, r 
238 6th av w. 

Holubar, Joseph, wks Winterowd & 
Wood, r 238 6th av w. 

Holubar, Miss Lucy, student, r 238 
6th av w. 

Holubar, Roy, delivery elk City Laun- 
dring Co, r 238 6th av w. 

Holubar, William, wife Fanny, mchst 
C G W, r 202 7th av w. 

Holzam, John, r 305 s Frederick. 

Holzam, Miss Marguerite, r 305 s 
Frederick. 

Hook and Ladder Company, J L Hart- 
sough, foreman, 10 1st av s. 

Hook, Milan O, wife Laura, wks C G 
W, r 202 1st st s. 

Hoppies, Miss Loretta, student, r 1198 
1st av w. 

Hoppies, Nathan, wife Frances, wks 
C G W, r 1198 1st av w. 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP ^o*^ THAT'S ALL 



OHLWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



75 



Horn, M J, eng C G W. 

Hose Co No 1, DON ROSS, foreman, 

10 1st av s. 
Hose Co No 2, C G Gay foreman, 10 

1st av s. 
Hose, Edward, driver, r 14 7th av e. 
Hose, Miss Emma, student, r 14 7th 

av e. 
Hose, Henry, wife Sarah, wks Massen 

& Brown, r 14 7th av e. 
Hose, Oscar, elk Massen & Brown, r 

14 7th av e. 
HOTEL MEALEY, G W Weaver, prop, 

102 s Frederick, bus tel C B 10. 
Hotfleld, B F, fireman C G W, r Ar- 
lington House. 
Hoth, Albert, wife Ethel, v pres W H 

Meyer Co, r 36 4th st n. 
Hough, Benj E, wife Jane, r 33 2nd 

av s. 
Hough, Miss Beulah, student, r 507 e 

Charles. 
Hough, Miss Blanche, r 507 e Charles. 
Hough, Charles L, wife Sarah E, r 507 

e Charles. 
Hough, H S, r 117 n Frederick. 
Hough, Isabelle, wid Jesse W, r 130 

1st St s. 
Hough, Willis, elk, r 117 n Frederick. 
Houghton, Charles, eng C G W, rms 

132 6th av n. 

House, Mrs. Ester, r 400 s Frederick. 
Hovey. Edmund L, wife Belle M, carp 

C G W, r 43 5th st n. 
Hovey, Timothy K, wife Electa B, bds 

43 oth st n. 



Howard, Aaron, wife Lucy, tmstr, r 
522 1st st n. 

Howard, Miss Clara, r 522 1st st n. 

Howard, David T, wife Elizabeth, fmr, 
r n s 10th w 4th w of 1st av w. 

Howard, Hobart A, wife Marguerite, 
fmr, r 523 w Charles. 

Howard, Miss Imogene, student, r 522 
1st n. 

Howe, Frederick W, wife Laura B, 
carp, r 725 s Frederick. 

Howie, J R, treas Oelwein Gas and 
Power Co, r outside. 

Howell, Frank M, wife Alice, painter 
C G W, r 520 2nd av e. 

Howell, Oscar, wife Lettie, mach C 
G W, r 216 7th av w. 

Howie, J R, treas Oelwein as and 
Power Co, r outside. 

HOYER, HENRY V, wife Catherine, 
(Hoyer & Robinson), r 210 n Fred- 
erick. 

HOYER & ROBINSON (H V Hoyer 
and F S Robinson), prop The Oel- 
wein Register and Oelwein Daily 
Register, 16 e Charles, bus tel C 
B 28. 

HUB, THE, Nicholas Pleimling, prop, 
hats, caps and gloves, men's fur- 
nishing goods and clothing, 24 s 
Frederick, bus tel C B 325. 

Hubbard, Mrs. Emily A, r 17 5th av s. 

Huddy, Honora, wid Richard, r 412 7th 
av. 

Hughson, Jane, wid Clement, r 552 8th 
west. 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 




HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



>N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



76 



OELV/EIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Hulbert, Wm, wife Carrie, express, r 
421 8th w. 

Hull, Charles B, cond C G W, r St 
Paul. 

Hullison, Henry, eng C G W, r Chi- 
cago. 

Hutton, J B, tinsmith C G W. 

Human, John, wife Nellie, blksmth 
helper C G W, r 526 w Charles. 

Humeson, Frank, brakeman C G W, 
rms 102 3rd av n. 

Humphrey, Clifton, student, r 16 5th 
av n. 

Humphrey, Miss Elsie, student, r 16 
5th av n. 

Humphrey, Ames A, wife Gertrude, 
traveling salesman, r 16 5th av n. 

HUNTER, ALDERBERT L, wife Nel- 
lie, mgr Citizens' Lumber Co, treas 
Fire Department, and alderman 1st 
ward, r 403 1st av e, res tel C B 61. 

Hunter, Miss Bessie, student, r 403 1st 
av e. 

Hunter, H Clyde, elk Citizens Lumber 
Co, r 403 1st av e. 



Hunter, Miss Martha, r 634 4th av w. 

Hunter, Robert D, wife Mary, tin- 
smith C G W, r 634 4th av w. 

Huntington, Maria L, wid Wm, r 112 
1st av s. 

Hurley, Miss Helen M, housekpr 628 
s Frederick. 

Hurley, Michael, eng C G W, rms 721 
2nd st n. 

Huston, Arthur, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Hutchinson, R S, cond C G W, bds 
Hotel Mealey. 

Hutton, Catherine, wid, Wm, r 127 s 
Frederick. 

HUTTON, JAMES, painter and paper 
hanger, 127 s Frederick, r same. 

Hutton, John B, wife Essie, tinner C 
G W, r 137 2nd av s. 

Hyde, John L, wife Ida, wks C G W, 
r 710 3rd av w. 

Hyland, William, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 



IDEAL RESTAURANT (Shelson & 

Potts, prop), 10 1st st w. 
Ingamells, Charles R, wife Myrtie, 

carp C G W, r 15 2nd st n. 
IngersoU, Lee L, stenog W B IngersoU, 

r 211 1st av e. 

IngersoU, Miss Pauline, cook Wilson 
House, r same. 



IngersoU, Miss Regina C, student, r 
211 1st av e. 

IngersoU, Robert M, wife Effie, mchst 
helper C G W, r 222 10th av w. 

IngersoU, Walter B, wife lona, lawyer, 
5 e Charles, r 211 1st av e, res tel 
C B 218. 



FOR HONEST VALOES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger^s Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fins 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ > ^ j» 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



77 



Inman, Harvey E, wife Zona L, ear 
repr C G W, r 105 1st st w. 

Iowa Telephone Co, Miss Katherine 
Kappes chief opr and mgr, 104 s 
Frederick. 

Irvine, Albert E, lawyer, 36 s Freder- 
ick, r 720 s Frederick. 

Irvine, Charles H, wife Nina, boiler- 
mkr C G W, r 127 1st av n. 

IRVINE, JOHN, wife Isabelle, real es- 
tate 36 s Frederick, r 720 s Freder- 
ick. 

Irwin, David, wife Esther, r 523 1st 
"st e. 

Ishman, Lizzie, wid Henry, r 208 6th 
av e. 



Good goods at 




J. R. PERRY & CO. 

Ives, E S, eng C G W, rms Hanlon 

House. 
Ives, Grant L, wife Hulda, carp C G 

W, r 209 2nd av s. 



JACKMAN, CHARLES (Jackman and 
Nolan), bds 32 4th st n. 

JACKMAN & NOLAN (Chas. Jack- 
man and R J Nolan), prop Maple 
Leaf Saloon, 100 1st w. 

Jackson, George & Co, pres, George 
Jackson, sec and treas, Wm Jack- 
son, 320 1st av s, bus tel C B 36. 

Jackson, George, wife Nellie E, 
(George Jackson Co), r Hotel Mea- 
ley. 

Jackson, Wm, wife Annie, (George 
Jackson & Go), r Carroll, la. 
Jackson, brakeman C G W, r ca- 
boose. 



Jacoby, Earl, wife Louise, wks C G 
W, r 623 4th av s. 

James, Thomas N, wife Cora, tinner 
C G W, r 226 3rd av s. 

Jamison Bros (John and G W Jami- 
son), prop Bank of Oelwein, 2 e 
Charles. 

Jamison, Fred H, bkkpr Bank of Oel- 
wein, r 20 w Charles. 

JAMISON, GEORGE W, wife Jennie, 
lumber, lath and shingles, lime and 
cement, 25 1st av s, r 134 1st av e, 
bus tel C B 47, res tel C B 77. 

Jamison, Miss Grace, student, r 134 
1st av e. 



^^ vj? ^ ^» ALL ROADS LCAD TO >^ ^ ^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 




Colonial" 




F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer >^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



78 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Jamison, Harold, student, r 134 1st 
av e. 

Jamison, John, wife Nettie, City Attor- 
ney, r 122 2nd av n, res tel C B 52. 

Jamison, John, wife Florence, pres 
Bank of Oelwein and v pres Oelwein 
Light, Heat and Power Co, r 22 w 
Charles. 

Jamison, Ray B, cashier Bank of Oel- 
wein, sec Oelwein Light and Power 
Co, rms 1 s Frederick. 

Jamison, Samuel B, wife Stella, mgr 
Agnew Grain Co, r 303 iVz st w. 

Jarred, An<lrew, wks C G W, r 322 n 
Frederick. 

TH^OELWEIN REGISTER 

— FOR FINE JOB PRINTING ~ 

Jarred, Miss Cora, r 322 n Frederick. 
Jarred, Esther, wid Ansil, r 322 n 

Frederick. 
Jarred, Murven, r 322 n Frederick. 
Jeffords, Edwin J, wks C G W, r 127 

2nd av s. 
Jeffords, Eleanor, wid Edward, r 127 

2nd av s. 
Jeffords, Roy G, wood worker C G W, 

r 127 2nd av s. 
Jeffords, Wm E, r 127 2nd av s. 
Jenkins, Miss Nellie, waitress Sadler's 

Cafe, r 12 e Charles. 
Jenney, Benj J, wife Amanda, r 615 

1st St e. 



Jenney, John M, student, r 615 1st 
. st e. 

Jepscn, John C, wife Katherine, mgr 
Great Western Eating House, r 111 
1st n. 
Jewitt, Fred, student, rms 21 3rd av n. 
Jibble, J W, switch helper C G W. 
Jilek, Frank, wife Mary, carp C G W, 

r 531 3rd av s. 
Jinseppe, Loline, Ibr coal shoot C G W. 
Johnson, Alfred, wife Sarah, poultry 
buyer, 212 s Frederick, r 820 s Fred- 
erick. 
Johnson, A W, cng C G W, r St Paul. 
Johnson, Clarence, eng C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Johnson, Clifford, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 
Johnson, Edward, wks C G W, bds 

Mack Hotel. 
Johnson, Ernest, firem.an C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Johnson, George, student, r 619 1st 

st e. 
Johnson, John, wife Sarah, wks C G 

W, r 619 1st st e. 
Johnson, Jonas, wife Bessie, boiler- 

mkr helper, r 209 4% st w. 
Johnson, Sarah, wid Hamilton K, r 210 

2nd av e. 
Johnson, Sidney L, wife Mary, elk C 

G W, r 21 5th av s. 
Johnson, William, wife Mae, foreman 

round house, r 17 3rd st n. 
Johnson, Willis, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 



PSH HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleaning, Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



79 



Johnson, W, foreman coal chute C 

G W. 
Johnston, Clifford, fireman, rms 721 

2nd St n. 
Johnston, William, wks C G W, rms 

112 1st av e. 
Jones, Bert, wife Maude, mchst C G 

W, r 209 e Charles. 
Jones, Miss Diannah, r 619 1st av s. 
Jones, E D, elk RMS, rms 214 2nd 

Et S. 

Jones, Fred B, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Jones, George, brakeman C G W, rms 
310 3rd av n. 

Jones, Georg-e W, waiter Coselman's 
Chop House, rms 126 s Frederick. 

Jones, J C, millman C G W. 

Jones, J C, elder Primitive Baptist 
church, r Savannah, Missouri. 



Jcnes, Oliver P, wife Margaret, shoe- 
mkr, 34 s Frederick, r 619 1st av s. 

Jones, Wm N, wife Laura, blksmth 
helper, r 720 4th av w. 

Jones, William H, wife Georgia, car 
repr, r 206 4th av n. 

Jorgenson, A, eng C G W, r Chicago. 

Joseppo, Lolino, Ibr C G W, r 203 w 

Charles. 

Judge of the Superior Court of the 
City of Oelwein, E L Elliott, 34 s 
Frederick*. 

Julien, Albert S, wife Charlotte, mes- 
senger Wells Fargo Co, r 25 e 
Cbarles. 

Jurgeson, Soran, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Justius, Harry, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 



Kacer, Charles E, wife Mayme, boiler- 
mkr C G W, r 708 2nd av w. 

Kaiser, Charles F, wife Sarah, blk- 
smth C G W, r 229 4th av s. 

Kalm, Henry E, wife Alice, elk W H 
Meyer Co, r 116 5th av s. 

Kammos, Miss Martha, student, r 217 
6th av w. . 

Kammos, Otto, wife Elizabeth, wks C 
G W, r 217 6th av w. 

Kammos, William, student, r 217 6th 
av w. 



Kane, George, elk, rms 29 n Freder- 
ick. 

Kappes, Alfred, wks C G W, r 24 5th 
St n. 

Kapes, Miss Katherine, mgr Iowa Tel. 
Co, r 24 Fifth st n. 

Kappes, Charles, wife, Minnie, wks C 

G W, r 302 1st av n. 
Kappes, Henry, wife Gertrude, wks C 

G W, r 33 n Frederick. 
Kappes, Miss Leanora, tel opr la Tel 

Co, r 24 5th st n. 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



mC W. G. FETTKETHER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



14 piRsx aveinue: SOUXHi 



80 



OELWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Kappes, Miss Helen, r 24 5th st n. 
Kappes, Valentine, wife Alga, wks C 

G W, r 302 1st av n, 
Kappes, Valentine, wife Malissi, wks 

C G W, r 24 5th st n. 
Kappmeyer, Frank, wks C G W, bds 

225 4th av s. 
Kappmeyer, Wm, wife Edith, blksmth 

helper C G W, r 225 4th av s. 
Katzhc^er, Joseph, wks C G W, rms 

121 1st e. 
Kaufmann, Joseph, wife Christma, r 

704 2nd av w. 
Kauten, Miss Elizabeth, dcm 225 2nd 

av s. 
Kcarns, W W, fireman C G W, r Ar- 
lington House. 
Keefe, J P, eng C G W, r St Paul. 
Keeler, Bert, wife Elsie, car repr C G 

W, r 109 4th av n. 
Keeler, Bradford, student, r 109 4th 

av n. 
Keeler, Ora H, wife Augusta, car repr 

C G W, r 202 4th av n. 
Kelleher. Miss Myrtle, student, r 102 

1st st s. 
Keller, Charles, eng C G W, rms 717 

2nd st n. 
Kelley, Mrs. Justina, r 115 1st av w. 
Kelley, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Kclley, Thomas, wks C G W, bds 124 

1st av w. 
Kelly, Clayton, wife Maud, r 1139 s 

Fr3derick. 
Kelly, James, cond C G W, rms 310 

3rd av n. 



Kelly, Miss Katherine, 9 3rd av e. 
Kempe, A D, mchst helper C G W. 
Kemp, Fred A, wife Florence, mchst 

C G W, r 527 1st st n. 
Kem-merer, Harry, elk, r 110 4th st n. 
Kemmerer, Milton, decorator, r 110 

4th st n. 
Kendall, Charles O, wife Nora, hostler 

C G W, r rear 216 4th av n. 
Kendall, C, eng C G W, r Chicago. 
Kendall, Elmer, wks C G W, r 302 3rd 

av n. 
Kendall, Erman, wks C G W, r 302 3rd 

av n. 
Kendall, George, eng C G W, r 302 3rd 

av n. 
Kendall, H, eng C G W, r Chicago. 
Kendall, Homer O, fireman C G W, r 

302 3rd av n. 
Kendall, Llewllyn, student, r 302 3rd 

av n. 
Kendall, Mary C, wid John W, r 302 

3rd r.v n. 
Kennealley, Mrs. 

lington House, 



Mary, waitress 
r same. 



Ar- 



Kcnney, Miss Ellen, student, 139 s 

F'rederick. 
Kennedy, George H, wife Emma S, 

pastor Methodist Episcopal, r 25 2nd 

av s. 
Kennedy, Henry, wks C G W, rms 24 

2nd av n. 
Kenney, Jesse, wife Ellen, wks C G W 

shops, r 139 s Frederick. 
Kenney. John, r 139 s Frederick. 
Kenney, John T, wife Margaret, steam 

fitter, r 211 1st st e. res tel C B 242. 



J. W. RIDLER 

^ji MANAGER OPERA HOUSE ue^ 



Phone 
144 



A. C. "WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



DrugS' 



Books 



Stationery 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



81 



Kennedy, L W, niach C G W, rms 121 

1st e. 
Kennedy, Robert, eng C G W, rms 110 

5th a.v n. 
Kennedy, Samuel, wife Margaret, 

mach C G W, rms 216 e Charles. 
Kennedy, Thomas, wife Martha, asst 

foreman C G W round house, r 115 

3 Frederick. 
Kennedy, Timothy C, wife Ella, elk 

C G W, r 805 2nd av w. 
Kern, Miss Julia, bds 103 1st st e. 
KERNAHAN, GEORGE ,(Kernahan & 

Gosse), rms 9 1st st s. 
KERNAHAN & GOSSE (J G Kerna- 

han and Henry Gosse), prop New 

City Livery Stables, livery, board- 
ing and sales stables, 12 1st st s, 

bus tel C B 50. 
Kershner, Miss Belle, waitress Hotel 

Mealey, r same. 
Kerwin, James, tinsmith helper, bds 

206 6th av w. 
KERWIN, JAMES H, wife Mary, J H 

Kerwin & Sons, r 6 n Frederick. 
KERWIN, J H & SONS, (J H, W P & 

L T Kerwin), clothing, hats, caps 

and gloves, men's furnishing goods, 

boots and shoes 4 s Frederick, 6 and 

8 w Charles, bus tel C B 35. 
KERWIN, LEO T, (J H Kerwin & 

Sons), r 6 n Frederick. 
KERWIN, WM. P, wife Clara, J. H. 

Kerwin & Sons), r 6 n Frederick. 
Kidd, Glenn A, wife Abba, teller Aetna 

State Bank, r 809 2nd av e, res tel 

C B 72. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



i W. CHARLES 



Kiger, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
K:llerlain, Frank, student, r 401 9th 

st e. 
Killerlain, James, wife Susie, Ibr, r 

401 9th st e. 
Killerlain, John, Ibr, r 401 9th st e. 
Killerlain, Martin, Ibr, r 401 9th st e. 
Kimble, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Kimball, Sc.muel, v/ife Bertha, Ibr, r 

1080 2nd av s. 
King, Alexander R, wife Pearl, bkr 

Cole & King Bros, r 612 1st av e. 
King, Miss Barbara, r 220 1st av e. 
King, Charles M, wife Wealtha, wks 

C G W, r 6 Stickney blvd. 
Kins, Miss Daisy, tchr school, r 133 

5th av s. 

King, Miss Ethel, r 220 1st av e. 
King, James, student, r 220 1st av e. 
KING, JAMES, wife Phoebe, (Cole & 
King Bros) r Strawberry Point. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE fiFJIERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 

phone: so. no. 12 first st. south 



82 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



KING, JOHN, wife Jessie, (Cole & 
King Bros) r 220 1st av e, res tel 
C B 103. 

King, J Ross, r 133 5th av s. 

King, Miss Laura B, cashier L N Has- 
kens, r 133 Fifth av s. 

King, Miss Margaret, elk T R Glan- 
vill & Son, r 220 1st av e. 

King, Miss Nettie, dressmkr, r 133 5th 
av s. 

King, O James, wife Martha J, boiler- 
mkr helper C G W, r 200 Srd st s. 

KING, ROBERT J, wife Minnie 
(Campbell & King), Fire Police 
Hose Co No 1, Fire Warden First 
Ward, asst foreman Hose Co No 1, 
r 138 4th av e, res tel C B 66. 

FOR ALL THE NEWS READ THE 



Daily 



...AND.... 
WEEKLY 




King, Thomas, r 133 5th av s. 

Kinney, B, boiler mkr helper C G W. 

Kinney, J, pipe fitter chargeman C 
G W. 

Kinsel, Mrs. Emily, r 215 e Charles. 

Kinsello, J, boiler mkr helper C G W. 

KINT, ALBERT M, wife Matilda 
(Kint & Dwyer), r 122 1st st e. 

Kint, Bert, student, r 215 1st st e. 

KINT & BUP.NS (W F Kint and J H 
Burns), prop Kint Lumber Co, lum- 
ber, lime, cement, coal and wood, 
218 1st st w, bus tel C B 202. 



KINT & DWYER, (A M Kint and M 
P Dwyer) prop The Club, billiards 
and pool, cigars and tobaccos, 104 
and 106 s Frederick. 

Kint, Fred O, wife Katherine, car repr 
C G W, r 707 n Frederick. 

Kmt, George, wife Eliza J, r 118 1st 
st e. 

Kint, G A, bkpr Aetna State Bank. 

Kint, James D, wife Gussie, express 
and transfer, r 215 1st st e, res tel 
C B 243. 

Kint, John W, wife Emma, real es- 
tate 11 e Charles, r 223 e Charles, 
bus tel C B 44a, res tel C B 44b. 

Kint, Miss Letha, student, r 122 1st 
av e. 

KINT LUMBER CO (Kint & Burns), 
prop, lumber, lime and cement, coal 
and wood, sash, doors and blinds, 
218 1st st w, bus tel C B 202. 

Kint, Oda E, wife Eva, wks Kint & 
Dv/yer, r 302 4th av s. 

Kint, Ralph, elk J H Kerwin & Sons, 
r 215 1st e. 

KINT, THOMAS E, wife Ida teller 
AETNA STATE BANK, r 122 1st av 
e, r tel C B 127. 

Kint, Wiatt, student, r 24 1st av e. 

KINT, WM F, wife Phrena, (Kint & 
Burns) r 24 1st av e. 

Kint, Wm H, wife Anna S, prop Our 
Store 206 s Frederick, r same. 

Kint, Miss Zola E, student, r 206 s 
Frederick. 

Kintzen, A O, fireman C G W, r Ar- 
lington House. 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD CF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer. Tailors 



OBLWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



83 



Kirby, Thomas, wife Elizabeth, boil- 
er mkr helper C G W, r 1017 s Fred- 
erick. 

Kirk, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Kirkman, Henry E (Edgar & Kirk- 
man), bds 23 e Charles. 

Kirkpatrick, Elmer, wife Lena, fireman 
C G W, r 618 4th av w. 

Kirkpatrick, Frank, wife Dora, painter 
C G W, r 503 1st av s. 

Kirkpatrick, John, wife Fannie M, r 
G18 4th av W. 

Kirkpatrick, Wm, r 618 4th av w. 

Klebba, August, v/ife Etta, boiler mkr 
helper C G W, r 1127 s Frederick. 

Kleinmann, Bernard, wife Clara, dri- 
ver W R Baxter, r 219 10th av w. 

Kleiman, John, wife Rosa, tmstr Ag- 
new Grain Co, r 104 9th av w. 

KLEIMAN, WM, wife Edith, saloon, 
200 s Frederick and asst foreman 
Hook and Ladder Co, r same, bus 
tel C B 121. 

Klimes, Joseph, wife Anna, car repr 
C G W, r 324 7th st s. 

Klinger, Charles C, wife Elizabeth, car 
repr C G W, r 203 5th av w. 

Klinger, Miss Lillian, student, r 203 
5th av w. 

Klinger, Miss Luella, student, 203 5th 
av w. 

Klotzbach, Miss Louise, r 448 3rd av 
w. 

Klotzbach, Miss Mildred, student, r 
448 3rd av w. 

Klotzbach, Christopher, wife Kather- 
ine, carp, r 448 3rd av w. 



Klotzba.ch, John, wife Eva, car repr C 

G W, r 104 6th W. 
Klotzbach, Miss Minnie, dom Union 

House, r same. 
Klotzbach, Sylvester C, wife Minnie, 

wks Oelweiu Foundry Co, r 234 4th 

si w. 
Kluge, Frank, wife Rosa, mchst C G 

W, r 912 1st av w 
Knight & HiJ.lman (J W Knight and 

C C Hillman), real estate, 5i/^ w 

Charles. 
Knight, John W, wife Lucy A, (Knight 

& Hillman) r 15 4th av s. 
Knight, Leon, student, r 15 4th av s. 
Knucky, Mary, wid Alonzo, r 10 w 

Charles. 
Knutson, Peter, wife Carrie, fireman 

C G W, r 111 7th av n. 
Kobbe, Miss Clara, r w s s Frederick, 

1st outside limits. 
Kobbe, Herman, wife Elizabeth, elk R 

M S, r w s s Frederick, 1st outside 

limits. 
Kohloff, Charlie, wks C G W, bds 235 

iVz St w. 
Koile, Arthur B, wife Mabel, wks C G 

W, r 628 1st av s. 
Kolb, Arthur, mach helper C G W, r 

956 s Frederick. 

Kolb, Christian, wife Catherine, r 956 

s Frederick. 
Kolb, Jacob, r 956 s Frederick. 
Kraft, Albert G, wife Mary, contractor 

and alderman 2nd ward 301 2nd av 

n, r same. 



B RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE NUB 



Clothiers ^Fyrnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



84 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Kraft, Miss Alma, tchr, r 301 2nd av n. 

Kraft, J, fireman C G W, bds Arlington 
House. 

Kramer, Frank, Ibr. bds 32 n Freder- 
ick street. 

Kratochvel, Miss Emma, r 533 Fifth 
av n. 

Kratochvel, Miss Jennie, dom 14 2nd 
av n. 

Krauel, Oscar, wife Martha, car repr 
C G W, r 619 3rd av w. 

Krauss, Miss Anna, r 19 First st w. 

Krauss, Mrs. Mary, r 19 1st st w. 

Kreider, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Kress, Frank, wife Calla, moulder, Oel- 
wein foundry, r 326 4i/^ st w. 

Kress Henry, mchst C G W, bds 326 

iy2 st w. 

KRUEGER, FRED, bottler R F Krue- 
ger, r w Charles, outside limits. 



KRUEGER, RUDOLPH F, wife Anna, 
soda water mfg, w Charles outside 

limits, r same. 
Kuba, John F, wife Josephine, mchst 

C G W, r 122 2nd st e. 
Kuhns, Edward, wife Effie, blksmth C 

G W, r 314 41/2 st w. 
Kuhns, Geor2:G, r 314 4% st w. 
Kuhrke, Henry, wife Pauline, r 34 5th 

av s. 
Kunkle, Wallace, wks C G W, bds 30 

n. Frederick. 
Kuntz, Frank, wks C G W, bds 115 

5 th R.V w. 
Kuntz, George, Ibr C G W. 
Kntschat, August, wife Bertha, wks 

C G W, r 309 3rd st e. 
Kutschat, Christopf, wife Henrietta, a 

317 2nd av e. 



Labie, Thorias, wks C G W, bds 32 n 
Frederick st. 

Lang, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Lachray, A C, fireman C G W, r Ar- 
lington House. 

Ladd, Amasa S, wife Minnie, painter 
C G W, r 223 4th av s. 

Lafferty, Sarah, wid Samuel, bds 139 
3rd av n. 

Lamb, Wm G, mchst C G W, rms 29 
2nd av s. 

Landy, James J, cond C G W, bds 
Union House. 



Lang, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Langdale, Wm W, agt Metropolitan 
Life Ins Co, r Hanlon House. 

Larghe, Wm H, wife Evelyn, wks sec- 
tion Rock Island Ry, r 802 2nd av s. 

Larsen, Alf W, mach appr C G W, r 
137 4th av s. 

Larsen, Axel, r 137 4th av s. 

Larsen, Brick, wife Annie, foreman C 
G W, 137 4th av s, res tel C B 97. 

Larsen, G Fred, student, r 137 4th 

av s. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK' 






GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs. Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ j^ jf- ^ 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



85 



Larsen, O P, elk C G W, rms 110 5th 
av s. 

Larsen, Miss Sophie, r 137 4th av s. 

Larson, Charles, wife Margaret, cabi- 
net mkr C G W, r 140 6th st s. 

Larson, Mrs. M Elizabeth, r 19 6th w. 

Larson, Miss Inga, student, r 311 5th 
av W. 

Larson, James, wife Gertrude, road 
master C G W, r 311 5th av w. 

Larson, Martin A, eng C G W, r Chi- 
cago. 

LAST CHANCE, S G Schlette, prop 
saloon, 111 1st w. 

La Tour, James, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Lavalette, Jules T, wife Katie, wks C 
G W round house, r 412 7th st s. 

Law, Archie, student, r 114 7th av w. 

Law, Miss Myrnie, student, r 114 7th 
av w. 

Law, Robert, student, r 114 7th av w. 

Law, William, mchst helper C G W, r 
114 7th av w. 

Law, William, wife Carrie, boiler mkr 
C G W, r 114 7th av w. 

Lawrence, Miss Alda, dom 203 n Fred- 
ericli. 

Lawrence, Clarence, student, r 104 8th 
av w. 

Lawrence, Frank, wife Hattie, carp C 
G W and Fire Police Hose Co No 2, 
r 102 1st av e. 

Lawrence, Fred E, wife, tel opr Pos- 
tal Telegraph Cable Co, r 102 1st 
av e. 

Lawrence, Miss Grace, r 221 2nd st n. 




When you 
think of.... 



PAINTING 



OR. 



PAPERING 



Think 
of us. 



J, R. Perry & Cd. " Woneysayers " 



Lawrence, J A, sec Fire Department, 
asst foreman Hose Co No 2, Fire 
Warden 3rd ward, r 102 1st av e. 

Lawrence, James F, wife Luella, sta- 
tionary fireman, r 521 w Charles. 

Lawrence, James W, wife Laura, elk 
M W A, r 104 8th av w. 

Lawrence, Jerome L, wife Julia, carp 
r 221 2nd st n. 

Lawrence, Miss Myrtie, r 221 2nd 
st n. 

Lawrence, Theodore, elk RMS, rms 
214 2nd s. 

Layton, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Leach, Emory, wks C G W, rms 218 
3rd av s. 

LEADER SHOE STORE, J. F O'Brien 
prop, boots and shoes 34 s Freder- 
ick. 

Leekband, T H J, sec Oelwein Gas 
and Power Co, outside. 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



lid Colonial" ^( 

F. H. TOUSLEY. Manufacturer ■»»> 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 




86 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Lee, Adolph L, wife Estella, brakeman 

C G W, r 406 3rd av n. 
Lee, George, wks water works, r 20 

2nd St n. 
Lee, John, wife Esther, mach appr C 

G W, r 206 5th av south. 
Leece, John, r 216 1st st e. 
LEEHEY, FLORENCE P, physician 

514 w Charles, rms same, oflBice 

hours, 8 to 10 a m, 1 to 4 p m, 7 to 

8 pm. 
Leen, Thomas, asst time kpr C G W, 

bds 100 6th w. 
Lees, George, elk C G W, rms 110 5th 

av s. 

READ THE DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Oelwein Register. 

Le Grange, Miss Althea, student, r 215 

e Charles. 
Le Grange, Andrew I, carp, r 216 4% 

St w. 
Le Grange, Mrs. Drusilla, traveling 

agt, r 215 e Charles. 
Le Grange, Earle, student, r 216 4% 

St w. 
Leibe, P, blksmth helper C G W. 
Lemley, Frank, wife Sadie, brakeman 

C G W, r 511 n Frederick. 
Lendman, Thomas K, wife Minnie, 

wks C G W, r 21 3rd st n. 
Lcnnon, John, wife Margaret, r 611 

1st av s. 



Lennon, Morris, wks Beckus Livery, 

r 611 1st av s. 
Leonard, Thomas, wife Kate, prop 

Morrison House, 305 s Frederick. 
Letsch, Milo A, student, rms 34 s 

Frederick. 
Levett, George, student, r 207 7th av w 
Levett, Harry, wife Jennie, foreman 

pipe gang C G W, r 207 7th av w. 
Levett, William, student, r 207 7th 

av W. 
Lewis, Abner, wife Elizabeth, physi- 
cian, 214 2nd av n. 
Lewis, Emm.a, wid Sydney, r 102 1st 

av e. 
Lewis, Miss Helen, tchr South school, 

r 214 2nd av n. 
Lewis, Miss Jennie, elk L N Haskens, 

r 214 2nd av n. 
Lewis, Miss Mary, r 214 2nd av n. 
Lewis, Roy C, wife Clara, wks Corn 

Belt Telephone Co, r 758 2nd av s. 
Lewis, William, wife Lulu, painter C 

G W, r 219 41/2 st w. 
Lewis, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Lewis, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Libby, Leon J, wife Elizabeth, express 

messenger Wells Fargo, r 314 3rd 

av n. 
Liddell, Miss Gertrude, r 820 1st av w. 
Liddell, James, wife Mabel, eng C G 

W, r 820 1st av w . 
Liddell, Miss Mabel, r 820 1st av w. 
Liddell, Wm, mchst app C G W, r 820 

1st av W. 
Lieder, Thomas, wife Pauline, wks Cit- 
izens' Lumber Co, r 133 4th av e. 



PHS HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SM^H&GRAUER, Tailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



87 



Lienau, Marcus, wife Mary, foreman 
C G W, r 11 3rd av s. 

Lilley, James E, wife Sadie, charge- 
man C G W, r 121 1st St n. 

Lilley, Leal G, wife Clara, wks C G W, 
r 225 7th av w. 

Lillibridge, Maria L, wid Augustus, r 
1080 2nd av s. 

Lindeblad Hjlmar, wife Hulda, mchst 
r 20G 6th av w. 

Linder, Thomas W, wife Mary, tmstr 
Citizens' Lumber Co, r 315 1st st e. 

Lindercof, F, blksmth helper C G W. 

Lindstrom, Peter C, wife Gertrude, car 
repr C G W, r 702 3rd av. w. 

Lindstrom, A, mchst C G W. 

Lingelbach, Miss Anna C, r 218 e 
Charles. 

Lingelbach, Edward, boiler mkr appr 
C G W, r 218 e Charles. 

Lingelbach, Emma W, wid Wm, r 218 
e Charles. 

LINGELBACH, WM, prop BILLS 

-.BUFFET 12 1st st w, r 18 same, 
bus tol C B 177. 

L'.nney, John, wife Catherine, switch- 
man C G W, r 636 5th av w, res tel 
C B 20S. 

Linton, Adam wife Louise, ashpan 
mkr C G W, r 28" 7th av s. 

Linton, Claude, r 28 7th av s. 

Lipp, Edward, bartender Wm Lingel- 
bach, r Hotel Mealey. 

Lippert, Anthony, wife Anna, carp C 
G W, r 124 4th av s. 

Lippert, John A, student, r 124 4th 
av s. 



Lippert, Miss May C, school tchr, r 
124 4th ay s. 

Little Bennie B, wife Mary, real estate 
1 s Frederick, r same. 

Little, Benj F, wife Phoebe, city en- 
gineer, r 111 w Charles. 

Labor Hall, 12 First st w. 

Lodge, Wm O, blksmth helper C G W, 

bds 220 5th av s. 

LOEB & CO (M Loeb and L Weil), 
clothing 100 s Frederick, 4 1st st w, 
bus tel C B 270. 

LOEB, MORRIS, wife Emelia, (Loeb 
& Co) r 20 1st av e, res tel C B 271. 

Loffelhelz, J L, cond C G W, rms 310 
3rd av n. 

Lofstedt, Miss EfRe, student, r 516 3^^ 
st w. 

Lofstedt, John, wife Elizabeth, blk- 
smth C G W, r 516 31/8 st w. 

Loizzi, Prank, Ibr C G W, r 203 "W 
Charles. 

Long, Peter, wks C G W, rms 26 4th 
av e. 

Lonie, Wm H, wife Allie, wks C G W, 
r 613 1st av s. 

Lottridge, Pearl D, wife Laura, mgr 
Corn Belt Telephone Co, r 8 s Fred- 
erick, bus tel C B 300. 

Louck, John, r 315 2nd st e. 

Loveless, John, eng C G W, rms 118 
s Frederick. 

Lovejoy, Frank, wife Meda, mach C 
G W, r 10 w Charles. 

Lowe, Archie A, mach appr C G W, r 
133 6th av s. 

Lowe, Miss Eva H, r 133 6th av s. 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Sta 

OOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHONE 32 



88 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Lowe, Fred C, wife Anna, wks round 

house C G W, r 111 8th av w. 
Lowe, Miss Gertrude I, r 133 6th av s. 
Lubert, William, rms 117 1st st e. 
Lucas, Alfred E, wife Clara, trav agt, 

r 218 2nd st s. 
LUCAS & CO (F E Lucas), groceries, 

crockery and glassware 1 e Charles, 

r 11 4th av e ,bus tel C B 96. 
LUCAS, FRANK E, wife Lena, grocer- 
ies, crockery and glassware, 1 e 

Charles, r 11 4th av e. 
Lucas, Mahala, wid Enas, r 26 4th av 

e, res tel C B 69. 
Lucas, Miss Nannie, music tchr, r 26 

4th av e. 
Lucas, W Cleve, elk Lucas & Co, r 27 

4th av e. 
Lucas, Wm M, wife Axia, elk Lucas & 

Co, r 27 4th av e. 
Ludwig, Adolph, eng Spensley's Laun- 

drying Co, bds 118 n Frederick. 
Luebbe, Wm H, wife Pearl, mach C 

G W, r 540 4th av s. 
Luloff, Alexander G, wife Ida, tmstr, r 

517 e Charles. 
Lund, Herman, boiler mkr helper C G 

W, r 720 3rd av w. 
Lund, Peter, molder Oelwein Foundry 

Co, 720 3rd av w. 
Lundstrom, Alexander, wife Lena 

mach C G W, r 133 2nd av s. 
Lusk, Karry, stenog C G W, r 209 5th 

av s. 
Luther, Elizabeth, wid William, r 201 

1st w. 



Luther, Fred H, wife Grace, tel opr 
Postal Tel Cable Co, r 10 1st st e. 

Luther, Miss Lottie, dom, 214 n Fred- 
erick St. 

Luther, Wyman, wks D T Howard, r 
n s Tenth w, 4th w of 1st av w. 

Luthmer, Arthur J, wife Clara, elk 
Luthmer's Cash Grocery, r 116 2nd 
east. 

Luthmer's Cash Grocery, Joseph Luth- 
mers prop 29 s Frederick, bus tel 
C B 59. 

Luthmer, Edward, wife Emma, elk 
Luthmer's Cash Grocery, r 109 4th 
av s. 

Luthmer, Joseph, wife Anna M, prop 
Luthmers Cash Grocery 29 s Fred- 
erick, r 110 3rd av s, bus tel C B 
59. 

Luthmers, Miss Henrietta, r 116 3rd 
av s. 

Luthmers, Henry J, wife Anna M, gro- 
cer, r 116 3rd av s. 

Lux, P Earl, elk A C Wilson, r 218 
6th av w. 

Lux, V/arren A, wife Jessie M, rnach 
C G W, r 128 6th av s. 

Lynch, George, bartender Wm Lingel- 
bach, rms 14 e Charles. 

Lynch, James, wife Julia, r w s s Fred- 
erick, 4th outside limits. 

Lyon, F M, mchst helper C G W. 

Lynch, Miss Laura, r w s s Frederick, 
4th outside limits. 

Lyon, Neven E, wife Florence, asst 
mgr Guaranty Mutual Life Ins Co,. 
rms 301 e Charles, res Waterloo. 



^^ SECURE DATES EARLY AT ^^ 






uu Loouse 



^nr A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



89 



]\J[c 



McAlexander, M, eng C G W, r Clar 

ion, la. 
McAllister, Lawrence A, wife Clemen- 
tine, chief . elk gen store kpr C G 

W, r 121 2nd av s. 
McAllister Ronald D, wife Johanna, 

carp, r 819 1st av e. 
McBride, Elmer F, mach helper C G 

W, r 208 2nd st s. 
McBride, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
McCann, John, stenog C G W, rms 303 

n Frederick. 
McCarron, Frank, wife Mary, car inspr 

C G W, r 6 7th w. 
McCaughy, Samuel, fireman C G W, 

bds Arlington House. 
McCauley, Frank, fireman C G W, rms 

Hanlon House. 
McChesney, Robert B, wife Minnie, 

wks C G W and alderman 3rd ward, 
r 123 5th av w. 
McClaury, Anna, wid Robert, r 20 2nd 

av n. 
McClaury, Arthur, dairyman, r 20 2nd 

av n. 
McClaury, Charles, wks C G W, r 20 

2nd av n. 
McClintock, Albert, brakeman C G W, 

bds 222 1st av n. 
McConn, A, carp C G W, 402 3rd av n. 
McConn, John, fireman C G W, r 402 

3rd av n. 
McConn, Miss Ruth, r 402 3rd av n. 



HINTZ BROS. 

FurniturB 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



139 



12 W. CrttRiES 



McConn, Susan, wid Alexander, bds 

402 3rd av n. 
McCormack, Robert D, wife Augusta, 

Elder United Brethren, r 319 2nd 

st n. 
McCormack, Vernon, wife Mildred, 

fireman C G W, r 319 2nd st n. 
McCormick, John P, elk C G W, rms 

5V2 w Charles. 
McCoy, fireman C G W, r Arlington 

House. 
McCrone, James, wife Margaret, tank 

mkr C G W, r 234 3rd av s. 
McCullock, T D, mchst C G W. 
McCullough, Thomas, wks C G W, rms 

203 4th av s. 
McCUSKER, ANTHONY T, wife Eliz- 
abeth, bartender P J Coogan, r 201 

s Frederick. 



^ ^ ^ ^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO >^ ^^ ^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Kernahan & Gosse 1 



PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



Up-tfl-Oate LIVERY 

The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers • • • • 



90 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



McCusker, Miss Nellie, student, r 201 
s Ifrederick. 

McDermott, James, wife Annie, wks 
C G W, r 233 4% st w. 

McDevitt, Charles, eng C G W, r 902 
1st av w. 

McDevitt, John J, elk Gressler Camp- 
bell Drii£? Co, r 902 1st av w. 

McDEVlTT, MISS MARGARET, pub- 
lic stenog A M Odell, r 902 1st 
av w. 

McDevitt, Martin, wks C G W, r 902 
1st av w. 

McDevitt, Patrick T, wife Margaret, r 
902 1st av w. 



m 



McDonald, John, eng C 

5th av n. 
McDonald, John, eng C 

lington House. 
McDonnell,, Clement E, 

boiler mkr C G W, r 
McDonnell, Robert J, 

steam fitter C G W, r 
McDonough, Miss Anna 

GOT 1st av s. 
McDonough, John, eng 

W, r 607 1st av s. 
McDonough, John, wife 

helper C G W, r fi07 
McDcncugh, Leo, stud: 

av s. 



Oelwein Register 

IS THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM 



G W, rms 110 

G W, bds Ar- 

wife Ethel 
241 41/2 St w. 

wife Carrie, 
207 6th w. 

L, student, r 

inspector C G 

Mary E, mach 
1st av s. 

nt, r COT 1st 



McDonough, Miss Vernetta, student, r 
GOT 1st av s. 
' McDowell, brakeman, C G W. 
I McDuffee, John R, wife Mae, carp, r 
I 308 1st av e, bus tel C B 162. 
j McElhone, A W, brakeman C G W, 
I rms 118 s Frederick. 
I McErlane, cond C G W, r caboose. 
j McFarland, J M, brakeman C G W, 
j rms 118 s Frederick. 
I McFarland, cond C G W, r caboose. 
McFarlane, Alexander, wife Elizabeth, 

r 205 2nd av e. 
McGarry, Miss Mabel, student, r 218 

3rd av north. 
McGarry, William, wife Tillie, foreman 

yards C G W, r 218 3rd av n. 
McGee, Wm, Ibr, r 932 1st av w. 
McGillis, brakeman C G W, r ca- 
boose. 
McGimsey, Melville G, wife Lulu, bar- 
tender Wm Lingelbach, r 14 1st 
SI w. 
McGloughlin (See also McLaughlin) 
McGlcughlin, David, brakeman C G W, 

rmr. 310 3rd av n. 
McGlaughlin, Fred, eng C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
McGlocm, Martin, wife Mary boiler- 

mkr C G W, r 922 s Frederick. 
McGonegal, Rasmus, stock buyer, rms 

206 s Frederick. 
McGourty, Miss Anna, r 23 Gth w. 
McGourty, Frank, wife Mary, toclman 

C G W, r 23 6th w. 
McGourty, John, mach C G W, r 23 Cth 
west. 



VISITS 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 21 



CARPETS, RUGS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP a»^^ THAT'S ALL 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



91 



McGourLy, Miss Katie, r 23 Gth w. 
McGcurt>, Hiss Mary, elk L N Has- 

kins, 1- 23 6th w. 
McGovern, Bernard A, wife Millicent, 

fireman C G W, r 519 w Charles. 
McGovern, Thomas, mchst C G- W, j 

rms 102 1st av e. | 

McGowen, Fred, driver Standard Oil i 

Cc, bds 128 5th av s. j 

McGing, fireman C G W, r Arlington j 

HouSv.'. j 

McGrath, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
McGraw, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
McGuire, Bernard J, wife Rebecca, 

switchman C G W, r GIC 5th av w. 
McGuire, Bernard, wife Susan, car 

repr C G W, r 444 1st av s, res tel 

C B. 
McGuire, Wm J, switchman C G W, r 

444 1st av s. 
McHugh, Catherine, wid Edward, r 

CIS av w. 
McHugh, Henry, r 63G 5th av w. 
McKenna, Fred, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. I 
McKenna, Harry, student, r 9 3rd av e. \ 
McKenna, John K, wife Ella, switch- j 

man C G W, r 9 3rd ay e. \ 

McKenna, Miss Nellie, r 9 3rd av e. I 

McKenzie, William A, wks C G W, | 

rma 110 n Frederick. i 

McKibben, Arthur, fireman C G W, ^ 

rms 22 5th av n. , 

McKillips, Alexander, wife Margaret, 

painter, v 14G 3rd av n. i 

McKillips, Miss Cloa, student, r 146 

3rd av n. : 



IIcKillips, Lloyd, student, 14G 3rd av 

n. 
McKinney, James B, wife Rose, wks 

bcller mkr helper, r 208 1st st e. 
McKittrick, brakeman C G W, r ca- 
boose. 
McKliget, Harry, wife Etta, foi-eman 

freight depct C G W, r 123 3rd 

av n. 
McLain,' Miss Edith, r 409 1st st e. 
McLain, Benj, wife Ida, eng C G W, r 

409 1st st e. 
McLain, Floyd, student, r 409 1st st e. 
McLain (See also McLean). 
McLain, Howard, student, r 409 1st 

st e. 
McLaughlin {See also McGloughlin). 
McLaughlin, Charles, wife Katie, 

switchman C G W, r 600 1st av s. 
McLaughlin, Mary E, wid Frank, r 110 

1st av n. 
McLaury, John C, wife Abbie, wks C 

G W, r 329 8th av w. 

McLean (See also McLain). 
McLean, Alexander, mchst C G W, r 

150 2ad av n. 
McLean, Charles, mchst C G W, r 150 

2nd av n. 
McLean, Mrs. Elizabeth, r 150 2nd 

av n. 
McLean, Frank E, r 110 5th av s. 
McLean, Gcoige A, wife Emily, fore- 
man C G W, r 110 Fifth av s. 
McLean, George J, wks C G W, 150 

2nd av n. 
McLean, John, wks C G W, rms 102 

1st av e. 



BELL & 
RICHARDS 





PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clotliiers^ Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



.N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



92 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Mel.; an, Ralph IvI, niacli appr C G W, 

r 110 5th av s. 
McLuen, Cliaiies A, wife Laura, car 

repr C G W, r 201 2nd st n. 
McLuen, Marshall O, wife Minnie, car 

repr C G W, r 527 w Charles. 
McNamara, Miss Alice, milliner, r 29 

5th st n. 

McNamara, James, eng C G W, r 29 

5th st n. 
McNamara, Jennie, wid Michael, r 29 

5th st n. 
McNamara, Miss Lucy, r 29 5th st n. 
McNamara, Roger, switchman C G W, 

r 29 5th st n. 
McNamara, Miss Vera, student, r 29 
5th st n. 

McPherson, William, chief draughts- 
man C G W, rms 302 2nd av e. 
McQueen, Benj, wife Emma, wks C G 

W, r 305 1st av s. 
McQueen, C homer, wife Emma, 

(McQueen & Gosse), r 603 e Charles. 

res tel C B 194. 



[/icQUEEN & GOSSE (C H McQueen 
and H C Gosse), prop Oelwein Boom 
Livery, boarding and sales stables, 
35 w Charles, bus tel C B 39. 

McQueen & Gosse (C H McQueen and 
H C Gosse), books and stationery, 3 
e Charles. 

McQueen, Miss Ima, r 317 1st av s. 

McQueen, Miss Jessie, r 603 e Charles. 

McQueen, John S, toolman C G W, r 
317 1st av s. 

McQueen, Miss Vesta V, r 317 1st 
av s. 

McQueen, Webster B, wife Victoria, 
wks C G W, r 317 1st av s. 

McQuilkin, Austin, wife Lydia M, prop 
Mack Hotel, 11 1st st s, r same. 

McQuilkin, Miss Florence, tchr Cen- 
tral, r 11 1st st s. 

McVinckey, Fred, eng C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

McZet, F, mchst C G W. 



ita: 



Mack Hotel, Austin McQuilkin, prop 

11 1st st s. 
Madden, Miss Florence, student, r 122 

2nd av n. 
Madden, John L, cond C G W, bds 

Hotel Mealey. 
Madelbaum, S M, brakeman C G W, 

rms 118 s Frederick. 



Madison, David, bartender, bds 310 

2nd av e. 
Magee, cond C G W, r caboose. 
Magner, W A, pres Fayette County 

Business Men's Association, t West 

Union, la. 
Maher, Timothy J, painter C G W, 

rms 226 3rd av s. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 

OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > Fins 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ ^ ^ .^ 



93 



Mahoney, William J, wife Gertrude, 
gen yard master C G W, r 140 2nd 
av n. 
Mahood, George, fireman C G W, rms 

110 5th av n. 
Mahra, John P, wife Elizabeth, cond 

C G W, r 37 4th av s. 
Maleno, Vincent, Ibr C G W, 203 w 

Charles. 
Malombey, Augusta, wid, r 122 3rd 

av n. 
Maloney, .John D, wife Ella, boiler- 

mkr C G W, r 626 1st av w. 
Malnsnar, Miss Helen, r 103 5th av s, 
Malnsnar, Jacob J, wife Mary, mach C 

G W, r 103 5th av s. 
Manlowe, G, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 
Manning, Hiram W, wife Maggie, boil- 
er mkr helper C G W, r 618 2nd 
av w. 
Manocchin, Frank, wife Pia, wks C G 

W, r 123 w Charles. 
Manyalaver, Jol, Ibr C G W, r 203 w 

Charles. 
MAPLE LEAF SALOON, Jackman & 
Nolan, prop 100 1st st w, bus tel C 
B 234. 
Markhf.m, Miss Delia B, r 621 2nd 
av w. 

Markham. James, wife Ellen, car help- 
er C G W, r 621 2nd av w. 

Markham, Miss Rosella, r 621 2nd 
av w. 

Markin, Samuel, fireman C G W, rms 
111 1st av w. 




CIGARS 

OF 
QUALITY 

have made a 
reputation for 
our cigar dept. 
worth more to 
us than Dia- 
monds 



J. R. PERRY SCO. 

Markley, Miss Eda, house kpr, 932 s 
Frcdericl:. 

Merklin, George, blksmth helper C G 
W, rms 213 2nd av s. 

Marrah, cond C G W, r caboose. 

MARSH, CLARENCE U, wife Nellie, 
painter and paper hanger 111 e 
Charles, r 112 4th av s. 

Marsh, Burton T, wife Kittle, eng elec- 
tric crane, r 209 7th w. 

Marsh, Norman R, wife Jessie M, sup- 
ply car store keeper C G W, r 313 
4th av s, res tel C B 2. 

Marshall, Clifford C, student, r 13 6th 
west. 

Marshall, Plarry W, wks C G W, r 13 
6th w. 

Marshall, Russell L, student, r 13 6th 
west. 

Marshall, Wm A, wife Nellie, boiler- 
mkr C G W, r 13 6th w. 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THST YOU mx 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



94 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Martin (See also Morton). 

Martin, Amanda, wid Charles, r 403 

w Charles. 
Martin, Andrew T, wife Ellena, junk 

dealer, r 502 10th st e. 
Martin, Floyd W, wife Nellie, wks C G 

W, r C09 w Charles. 
MART;n henry R, wife Etta, cash- 
ier Aetna State Bank, r 403 w 

Charles. 
Martin, James, mchst appr C G W. 
Martin, Morris J, wife Emma C, r 111 

2nd av s. 
Martin, Orville A, wife Minnie, wks 

C G W, r 120 7th av n. 



For Want Ads 

-»— P HONE 28— —» 

Martin, Scott O, pattern mkr C G W, 

r 111 2nd av s. 
Martin, Van, r 120 7th av n. 
Martin, W, fireman C G W, r Arling- 
ton House. 
Mason. Prank, wife Viola, wks paint 

shops C G W, r 231 41/2 st w. 
Masonic Hall, 4 w Charles. 
MAGSIN & BROWN (Frank Massin 

and ,1 H Brown) meat market 25 e 

Charles, bus tel C B 46. 
MASSIN, FRANK, wife Henrietta, 

(Massin & Brown) r 133 1st av e. 
Mastropoolo, Augustine, wks C G W, 

bds 215 w Charles. 



Matheson, brakeman C G W, r ca- 
boose. 

Mathews, Bert E, wife Delia, mchst G 
G W, r 217 3rd st n. 

Mathews, Mfs. Hattie, dom 117 2nd av 
south. 

Matson, H L, fireman C G W, r Arling- 
ton House. 

Matthie, William, wife Allie, supt C G 
W Terminals, r 320 4th st e, res tel 
C B. 

Matzal, Fred C, wife Sophia, mach C 
G W, r C29 3rd av w. 

Matzal, John F, student, r 629 3rd 
av w. 

Maudlebaum, brakeman C G W, r ca- 
bccso. 

Maybanks, George, cond C G W, rms 
Union Hotel. 

Mayfield, Miss Clara B, student, r 314 
1st av s. 

Mayfield, George A, wife Margaret, 
fireman Oelwein Light, Heat and 
Power Co, r 314 1st av s. 

Mead, Elmer E, wife Eva, wks C G W, 
r 121 2nd av n. 

Mead, Stanley, carrier C M Smith, r 
121 2nd av n. 

MEALEY ANNEX, (The), W T Han- 
Ion prop, 108 s Frederick, bus tel C 
B 164. 

Mealey, James, wife Mary, elk Loeb & 

Co, r 221 2nd st s. 
Mealey, Miss Marie, r 221 2nd st s. 
Mealey, Miss Martha, student, r 221 

::n.i £t s. 



NEXT TIME TRY ug^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleaning, Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



95 



Means, James, auctioneer, rms 10 1st 

St e. 
Medd, Joseph L, wife May, agt Grand 

Pacific Tea and Coffee Co, 948 s 

Frederick, r same, bus tel C B 115, 
Median, Michael, bds 19 2nd st s. 
MEGOW, LOUIS A, wife Ellen, barber 

13G s Frederick, r 113 3rd av e. 
Mehany, Wylie, wife Addie, Ibr, r 408 

5th av s. 
Meikle, Archie J, driver Bell & Rich- 
ard, r 302 1st av e. 
Meikle, William C, wife Sarah C, wks 

C G W, r 302 1st av e. 
Melender, Miss Amy, r 144 4th av w. 
Mellen, Frank A, cond C G W, rms 118 

s Frederick. 
Mendman, T K, toolman C G W. 
Menuey, Henry, wife Lena, tmstr, r 

115 Sth av w. 
Menotti, Patrick, wks C G W, r 14 2nd 

st w. 
Menotti, Peter, wife Mary, wks C G 

W, r 14 2nd st w. 
Mercuric, August, wife Lena, prop Cal- 
ifornia Fruit Store, r 6 4th av e. 
Mercuric, Miss Nellie, elk California 

Fruit Store, r 6 4th av e. 
Mereness, Lester, mach helper C G W. 

r G13 1st av s. 
Mereness, Wm H, wife Mellisa, r 613 

1st av s. 
Mecrcone, Pasquele, wks C G W, bds 

215 w Charles. 
Meskell, Miss Bertha, student, r 28 3rd 

st n. 



Meskell, Kisiah, wid Edward, r 15 3rd 

st n. 
Meskell, Leonard, fmr, r 28 3rd st n. 
Meskell, Thomas E, wife Margaret, 

blksmth helper C G W, Fire War- 
den 2nd ward. Fire Police Hook and 

Ladder Co, r 28 3rd n, res tel C B 

152. 
Messerer, Henry W time keeper C G 

W, bds 222 1st av n. 
Mcssincer, Charles, eng C G W, rms 

717 2nd st n. 
Metcali, brakeman C G W, r caboose, 
METROPOLITAN LIFE INS CO, A L 

Sherrill asst supt, 5% w Charles. 
Mettlin, Prentice M, wife Alice, wks 

W A Thomson & Son, r 222 Third 

av n. 
Meyer (See also Meyers and Myers). 
Meyer, Albert, prof, r 19 4th av s. 
MEYER, W H COMPANY, pres W H 

Meyer, v pres Albert Hath, sec C G 

Gary, groceries, dry goods, boots 

and shoes, 12 and 14 s Frederick. 
MEYER, J HENRY, wife Alvina, v 

pres Aetna State Bank, r 19 4th 

av s. 
Meyer, Stephen H, bds IG Gth av n. 
MEYER, WM H, pres and mgr W H 

Meyer Co, Chief Fire Department, 

bds 102 4th av s. 
Michaels, Mrs. Irene, cook Hotel Mea- 

ley, r same. 
Michaels, Owen, student, r 208 Gth 

av w. 



BELL & BIGHARDS 



P H O N K Q 8. 



HAG( GULLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY DR NIGHT 



K^l W. G. FETTKETHER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 

i14 FIRST AVENUE SOUXH^i— i-b 



96 



OELWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



JMichaels, William R, wife Ida, fore- 
man loading machine C G W, r 38 
5th St n. 

Michels, Catherine, wid John, r n s 
10th w, 4th west of 1st av w 

Michels, Miss Edna, r 208 6th av w. 

Michels, Herman M, wife M^ry, blk- 
smth helper C G W, r 208 6th av w. 

Mickels, John G, wife Katie, car repr 
C G W, r 208 0th w. 

Miehe, Archie J, r 302 1st av e. 

Miehe, Wm, treas Oelwein Farmers' 
Creamery. 

Mihlhime, Edward C, r 131 6th av s. 

Mihlhime, Edward S, wife Mary, car 
repr C G W, r 131 6th av s. 

Miles, Patrick J, wife Kathryn E, 
grain buyer, 36 s Frederick, r 102 
1st s. 

Miller (See Mueller). 

Miller, Adam, wife Lovina, carp, r 
1180 1st av w. 

Miller, Andrew, wife Augusta switch- 
man C G W, r 311 2nd st e. 

Miller, Andrew J, wife Martha, r 735 
n Frederick. 

Miller, A Ray, stone mason, r 161 
12th s. 

Miller, Edward, bartender, Wm Klei- 
man, r Union House. 

Miller, Fender, wife Lulu, stone ma- 
son, r 130 16th s. 

Millen, F A, cond C G W, rms 118 s 
Frederick. 

Miller, H, fireman C G W, r Arlington 
House. 



Millsr, Miss Hazel, r 421 8th w. 

1,-iller, Miss Ina, dressmkr, bds 103 
Is;: ay e. 

Lliller, Miss Ina, r 421 8th w. 

Miller, James T, stone mason, r 161 
12th s. 

Miller, John H, stone mason, r 161 
12th s. 

Miller, Joseph, elk C G W, rms 39 4th 
av s. 

Miller, Miss Luceile, r 735 n Frederick. 

Miller, Miss Maggie, r 161 12th s. 

Miller, Philiij J, wife Barbara, carp C 
G W, r 201 7th av w. 

Miller, Roy, wife Cassie, stenog C G 
W, r 118 3rd av n. 

Miller, Wm H, wife Etta, wks C G W 
freight house, r 744 2nd av s. 

Miller, Marion, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Miller, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

MINER, FRANK D, wife Ada, dentist, 
office hours 8 to 12 m, 1 to 5 p m, 
9 e Charles, r 522 1st av e, bus tel 
C B 256, res tel C B 195. 

Minkle, W, car repr C G W. 

Minneapolis Brewing Co, M J CON- 
WAY, agt, 115 s Frederick. 

Misnar, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Mitchell, James F, wks C G W, r 548 

Sth W. 
Mitchell, John, student, r 548 Sth w. 
Mitchell, Robert, r 548 8th w. 
Mitchell, William, wife Anna, fireman 

C G W, r 548 Sth w. 



SEE J. W. RIDLE 

Sanitary Plumbing # Heating 



'a- A. C. WILSON B°s 



Drugs- 



BookS' 



Stationery 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



97 



Moffett, Lambert B, wife Gertrude, 

supt schools, r 29 2nd st n, res tel 

C B 75. 
Molinsky, C, car repr C G W. 
Molumby, Augusta, wid Thomas, r 

122 3rd av n. 
Monahan, Miss Alice C, dressmkr, r 

G13 3rd av w. 
Monahan, James A, boiler mkr helper 

C G W, r 613 3rd av w. 
Monahan, Mary, wid James, r 613 3rd 

av v;. 
Monshaw, Miss Esther H, student, r 

27 6th v;. 
Monshaw, Fred H, bell boy Hotel Mea- 

ley, r 27 6th w. 
Monshaw, Oliver F, wife Margaret, 

boilermkr helper C G W, r 27 6th w. 
Montgomery. G Bert, wife Alma, prop 

Hillcrest Poultry Farm, r 501 7th 

av s. 
Mcodey, Arnold B, wife Mary, pastor 

First Presbyterian Church, r 24 n 

Frederick, res tel C B 191. 
Moody, David E, wife Eliza, boiler- 
mkr helper C G W, r 518 31/2 st w. 
Moody, Miss Mazie, r 513 3% st w. 
Mooney, William, wks C G W, rms 

607 1st st e. 
Moore, Archie C, scrap gang C G W, r 

605 n Frederick. 
Moore, Earl, wks C G W shops, r 605 

n Frederick. 
Moore, Eugene W, wife Maude, Ibr, r 

415 2nd av e. 
Mocre, H, car repr C G W, r 415 2nd 

av e. 



HINTZ BROS 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



12 W.CHARLES 



Moore, J F, eng C G W, r Clarion. 
Moore, James W, wife Elizabeth, wks 

C G W, r 603 n Frederick. 
Moore, Miss Mabel, bookkpr W H 

Meyer Co, r 605 n Frederick. 
Moore, Nelson G, wife Genevieve, blk- 

smth C G W, r 319 8th av w. 
Moore, Wm H, r 318 e Charles. 
Mocre, fireman C G W, r Arlington 

House. 
Morehouse, Ralph, wife Adda, mchst 

C G W, r cor 4th st w and 3rd av w. 
Morcono, Peter, Ibr C G W, r 203 w 

Charlea. 
Morgan, George B, wife Lena C, carp 

C G W, r 235 3rd av s. 
Morgan, H, brakeman C G W, rms 322 

n Frederick. 
Morgan, Horace N, wife Maude W, 

cond C G W, r 12 5th av n, res tel 

C B 143. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVEKY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 

NO. 12 FIRST SX. SOUTH 



phone: so 



98 



OELWETN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Morgan, Miss Jeanette, student, r 12 

5th av n. 
Morgan, Miss Luella, student, r 12 5th 

av n. 
Morgan, James, brakeman C G W, rms 

322 n Frederick. 
Morris, John, brakeman C G W, rms 

102 3rd av n. 
Morris, Walter M, wife Ella, wks C 

G W Ice House, r 625 4th av s. 
Morrison, Harvey L, wife Helen, sta- 
tionary fireinan C G W, r 630 4th 

av w. 
Morrison House, Thomas Leonard prop 

305 s Frederick. 

eilTHE REGISTER 

— DAILY AND W!:EKLY ^="^ 

Morrison, James, wife Mary, barten- 
der M J Conway, r rear 201 s Fred- 
eric!'. 

Morrison, John M, r 122 s Frederick. 

Morrison, Thomas H, wife Annie, r 
118 7th w. 

Morrow, Charles, student, r 234 7th 
av w. 

Morrow, John, wife Jennie, boilermkr 
C G W, r 234 7th av w. 

Morrow, Miss Mae, student, r 234 7th 
av W. 

Morrow, Robert, student, r 234 7th 
av W. 

Morse, E L, brakeman C G W, r ca- 
boose. 



Morton (See also Martin). 

Morton, Charles K, wife Addie, carp, 

r 501 2nd av e. 
Morton, John F, wife Carie, conti'actor 

251 5th st e, r same, res tel C B 72. 
Morton, William, r 215 5th st e. 
Mosher, Bert, wks C G W, r 112 3rd 

av e. 
Mosher, Charles, wife Eliza, Ibr, r 112 

3rd av e. 
Mosher, Miss Pearl, elk G R Glanville 

& Son, r 127 5th av s. 
Mosher, Willard, wife Ella, express, 

127 Fifth av s, r same. 
Mosterpola, J, Ibr C G W, 203 w 

Charles. 
Motherspeck, Fred, wife Rose, mchst 

C G W, bds 528 1st av n. 
Mott, Elmer J, wife Nellie A, toolman 

C G W, r 122 6th av e. 
Moulton, Ralph W, wife Laura, grocer 

119 s Frederick, r 116 2nd av n, bus 

tel C B 86, res tel C B 112. 
Mouser, Frank W, painter C G W, r 

132 6th av s. 
Mouser, Jennie, wid George W, r 132 

6th av s. 
Moyle, Charles A, wife Rena M, elk 

W H Meyer Co, r 110 4th av s. 
Moyle, Jane, wid Edward, r 154 3rd 

av n. 
Mueller (See Miller). 
Mueller, freight brakeman C G W. 
Muhasen, E J, fireman C G W, rms 

Hanlon House, lives Chicago. 
MuUahey, Owen, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 



.VISIT: 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 21 




CARPETS, RUGS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

sm&GRAUER, Jailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



99 



Mullen, Henry C, carp, r 111 w 

Charles. 
Mullen, Joseph, boiler mkr C G W, 

rms 412 w Charles. 
Mullen, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Mullhern, fireman C G W, r Arling- 
ton House. 
Mulvihill, Thomas, cond C G W, r 

Mealey Hotel. 
Mullvihill, Mart, eng C G W, rms 118 

s Frederick. 
Munger, Day, elk Candy Kitchen, r 

124 5th av s. 
Munger, Earl, wks C G W shops, bds 

20 e Charles. 
Munger, John, wks Allen, rms 206 s 

Frederick. 
Munger, Simeon R, wife Polly A, carp 

r 124 5th av s. 
Munger, Wm, boiler mkr helper, rms 

118 s Frederick. 
Murphy, James, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Munrow, Frank, eng C G W, r Ar- 
lington House. 
Murphy, J J, eng C G W, bds Mealey 

Hotel. 



Murphy, cond C G W, bds Hotel Mea- 
ley. 
Murray, Edgar L, wife Myrtle, ^ car 

repr C G W, 708 1st st n. 
Murray, George M, wife Laura E, r 708 

1st st n. 
Murray, Henry F, wife Katherine, bar 

tender Last Chance saloon, r 111 

3rd st n. 
Murray, James, student, r 708 1st 

st n. 
Myers (See also Meyer and Meyers). 
Myers, James A, wife Jessie, wks C 

G W, r 205 7th av s. 
Myers, James H, wife Sophia, wks C 

G W, r 728 2nd av e. 
Myers, Miss Jessie, student, r 728 2nd 

av e. 

Myers, Miss Lulu, elk R S Glenn, r 

728 2nd av e. 
Myers, Wm I, boiler mkr helper C G 

W, r 17 4th av e. 
Myers, William M, wife Mary, r 17 4th 

av e. 
Myrton. Charles, wks C G W, bds 116 

7th av n. 



ISJ" 



Nancolas, John M, wife Emma, r 111 
4th st e. 

Narr, Eugene, molder Oelwein Foun- 
dry, bds Park Hotel. 

Narz, J, Ibr Ice house C G W. 



Nasby, Iver K, tailor A G Parker, bds 

32 n Frederick. 
Nathem, Wm J, wife Elizabeth, car 

repr C G W, r 622 4th av w. 
Neff, cond C G W, r caboose. 




P H O r\J E: 9 8. 



PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



100 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Nelson, Christian, wife Mary, tmstr, 

r 122 1st av n. 
Nelson, Frank, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Nelson, Fred C, wife Fay, wks C G W, 

V 719 2nd av w. 
Nelson, George, call boy C G W, r 147 

3rd av n. 
Nelson, George H, wife Blanche, exp 

messgr Wells Fargo, r 16 6th av n. 
Nelson, Nels, wife Gertrude, exp 

messgr Wells Fargo,r 111 3rd av n. 
Nelson, Peter, wks C G W, bds 533 

5th av n. 
Nelson, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Neve, Wealthy, wid John, r 112 1st 

av s. 
Neville, John D, mchst appr C G W, 

rms 14 2nd av n. 
NEW CITY LIVERY STABLES, Ker- 

nahan & Gosse prop, 12 1st st s, bus 

tel C B 50. 
Newton, George, mach appr C G W, r 

809 2nd av w. 
Newton, Joseph, student, r 809 2nd 

av w. 
Newton, Joseph, wife Eliza, foreman 

C G W, r 809 2nd av w. 
Nlblock, John G, rural mail carrier 

pcstofRce route 2, r in country. 
Nichols (See also Nichels and Nicol). 
Nichols, Andrew, wife Edith, mach C 

G W, V 125 3rd av e. 
Nichols, Jam?s R, wife Elizabeth, 

brakesman C G W, r 410 3rd av n. 
Nichols, Jason, wife Frances, r 114 n 

Frederick st. 



Nichols, Jay, wife Blanche, r 231 5% 
s; f. 

Nichols, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Nichols, F, brakeman C G W, bds 
Hotel Mealey. 

Nicks, Joseph, fireman C G W, rms 
28 1st av e. 

Nicks, Nicklos, eng C G W, rms Han- 
Ion House. 

Nici els (See also Nichols and Nicol). 

Nickels, Emil, v 801 3rd av w. 

Nickels, Peter, wife Christena, boiler 
mkr C G W, r 801 3rd av W. 

Nickleson, Charles, eng C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Nicol (See also Nichols and Nickels). 

Niccl, Miss Belle, delivery elk P O, 
r 11 4th av s. 

Nicol, James, wife Ambrosine, tool- 
man C G W, r 11 4th av s. 

Nobes, John, store keeper C G W, rms 
25 n Frede-^ick. 

Nolan, Miss Clara, laundress Spens- 
ley's Laundrying Co, r 12 1st av w. 

Nolan, Miss Gertrude, laundress Spen- 
sley's Laundrying Co, r 12 1st av w. 

Nolan, James P, wife Margaret, wks 
C G W, r 12 1st av w. 

Nolan, Maggie, wid Wm, r 12 1st 
av vr. 

Nolan, Miss Mayme, dressmkr, r 12 

1st av w. 
NOLAN, RICHARD J, wife Josie, 

(Jackman & Nolan), r 32 4th st n. 
Nolan, Miss Theresa, laundress Spen- 

sley's Laundrying Co, r 12 1st av w. 



FOR HOIST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

ilfeer s Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, GAiPBELL 
DRUG CO.— — 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs. Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Wdter ^ jf- jf- ^ 



OELV/EIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



101 



N jrene, Ernest L, wife Blanche, moul- 
der C G W, r 20C Gth av w. 

Norman, Mary A, wid Nicholas V, r 15 
4th av s. 

Norris, Wm H, music teacher, 4 w 
Charles, bds Union House. 

North Western Life Ins Co, N A Ger- 
ken agt, 731 1st av e. 

NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE 
INS CO, J A Bogert, dist agt 5i^ w 
Charles. 

Norton, Charles, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Norton, Fred, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Norton, James, eng C G W, rms 132 
Gth av n. 

Norton, Wm, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 



THjSJI J. R. PERRY 



Oelwein's 
Leading 

Druggist 







He will be 
pleasfd to meet 
vou at the store 



Norton, W, ^ng C G W, rms Hanlon 
House. 

Nutt, George W, wife Charlotte, mchst 
C G W, r 137 2nd av n. 

Nutting, Harvey C (Philleo & Nut- 
ting), r 127 1st av n. 



O' 



O'Brien, Charlie, brakeman C G W, 
rms 102 3rd av n. 

O'Brien, Daniel A, stenog C G W, r 
104 1st St s. 

O'Brien, Edward, wife Anna E, room- 
ing lis and 120 s Frederick, r same. 

O'Brien, Edward R, student, r 118 s 
Frederick. 

O'Brien, Miss Gertrude, r 104 1st 
st s. 

O'Brien, James J, cook Great Western 
Eating House 104 1st st s. 



O'Brien, Mrs; Jennie, r 104 1st st s, 
res tel C B 183. 

O'Brien, John, elk C G W, r 104 1st 
st s. 

O'BRIEN, JOHN F, prop Leader-Shoe 
Store 34 s Frederick, r 129 n Fred- 
erick, res tel C B 204. 

O'Brien, Miss Noey, r 118 s Frederick. 

O'Brien, Wm, wife Delia, wks C G W, 
r 24 Gth W. 

O'Brien, Walter F, wife Minnie, wks 
C G W, r 305 3rd st e. 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



F.H 



Ml^JfUU 




Wholesale Manufacturer of 

(i^ars ^ Toliaao 



•32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



102 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



O'Brien, James J, wife Anna, cook C 
G W lunch room, rms IIG 2nd av n. 

O'Brien, Timothy, brakeman C G W, 
bds Hotel Mealey. 

O'Connor, Miss Delia, waitress The 
Best Restaurant, r n Frederick. 

O'Connor, Eugene J, lawyer, 3G s Fred- 
erick, r 628 s Frederick. 

O'Connor, John B, physician, 14 s 
Frederick, v same. 

O'Connor, Michael, switchman C G 
W, bds 513 31/2 St w. 

O'Connor, Patrick S, pastor Sacred 
Heart church, r C28 s Frederick. 

O'Conror, Timothy, r C13 2nd av w. 



T^^ OELWEIN REGISTER 

ADVERTISING COLUMNS. 



O'Donnell, Hugh, r 410 s Frederick. 



O'Donncll, Michael, wife Lora, sta- 

tionar:' fireman C G W, r 410 s 

L'redorick. 
O'Haran, Charles S, wife Carrie, wks 

C G W, r 38 n Frederick st, res tel 

C B 223. 
O'Haran, Roy, student, r 38 n Freder- 

icl-. 
O'Lcary, Bernard, r 1005 s Frederick. 
O'Leary, Daniel, wife Hanora, wks C 

G W, r 1005 s Frederick. 
O'Leary, Miss Katie, waitress C G W 

lunch room, rms 1005 s Frederick. 
O'Leary, Miss Katie, waitress Great 

Weste'-n lunch room ,r 1005 s Fred- 
erick. 
O'Leary, Miss Lulu, waitress Great 

Western Eating House, r 1005 s 

Frederick. 
O'Leary, Timothy, wife Marietta, wks 

C G W, r 128 5th av e. 
O'Neil, Miss Mary L, poultry, r 408 w 

Charles. 



Obenchain, Carroll, fireman, r 201 5th 

av s. 
Obenchain, John, wife Rose, r 201 4th 

av s. 

Obenchain, Julius J, wife Lucy, mchst 
helper C G W, r 204 8th av w. 

Obenchain, Lawson W, wife Margaret, 
wks C G W, r 109 7th av w. 

Obenchain, Miss Mabel, student, r 204 
8th av w. 



Obenchain, Miss Mary, student, r 201 

5th av s. 
Ocken, Miss Frances, dcm Ideal Res- 
taurant, r 104 9th av w. 
Ocken, John, r 104 9th av w. 
ODELL, ARTHUR M, wife Lena, real 
estate, ins and renting, City Assess- 
or, sec Fayette County Business Men's 
Association, 18 1/^ s Frederick, r 520 
2nd st s, bus tel C B 180, res tel C 
B 145. 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



103 



Otlbt-i, oamts C, prop Oelwein Shoe 
Stcie "ii s Frederick, bds Hotel 
IVicale:.-, 

Oelrich, Eilert, carp, rms 110 3rd av s. 

Oeiwein. Miss i^na, r 19 1st st w. 

OELWEiN BOOM LIVERY, McQueen 
& Gosse, prop, livery, boarding and 
sales stables, 35 w Charles, bus tel 
C E 39. 

•Oelwein Business Men's Association, 
pres Alfred Hanson, sec A M Odell, 
18 1/2 s Frederick, bus tel C B 180. 

■Oelwein Business University, R E 
Ecklund pres, 34 and 3G s Freder- 
ic!:. 

■Oelwein Cadet Band, Oelwein, Iowa. 

Oelwein, Charles, wife Emma, wks C 
G W, r 143 3rd av n. 

Oelwein, Charles T W, r 19 1st st w. 

OELWEIN DAILY AMERICAN, Wm 
A Reed prop 13 n Frederick, bus tel 
C B 1339. 

OELWEIN, DAILY THE, F L Douglas 
editor 30 s Frederick, bus tel C B 

2G3. 

OELWEIN DAILY REGISTER, Hoyer 

& Robinson prop, IG s Charles. 
OELWEIN EMERGENCY HOSPITAL, 

J F & D N Pattison prop, 109 s 

Frederick, bus tel C B 17. 
Of Iwein, Miss Emma, r 19 1st w. 
Oelwein Farmers Creamery, Wm Wal- 
ker pres, Harry Hanson v pres, J R 

Ross sec, Wm Miehe, treas, 220 1st 

st w'. 



OLLV^EIN FOUNDRY CO, pres A J* 
_;iawky. Gee and trtas Robert Wel- 
lisch, iron works, foundries, shaft- 
ings, hangers and pulleys and gaso- 
line engines, 4th bet 2nd and 3rd 
av v;. 

Oelwein Gas and Power Co, pres J R 
Howe, V pres F J Gates, treas J R 
Howe, sec T H J Leckband, 1st av 
s and C G W tracks. 

Oelwein, Gustave A, wife Emma, real 
estate, r i9 1st st w. 

Oelwein, Gustave A, Jr, r 19 1st st w. 

Oelwein, Miss Lena, r 19 1st st w. 

Oelwein Light, Heat and Power Co, 
pres J E Hartinbower, v pres, John 
Jamison, sec R B Jamison, treas 
Roy Collins, office 2 e Charles, pow- 
er house 309 s Frederick. 

Oelwein, Oscar E, wks C G W, r 143 
3rd av n. 

Oelwein Pantator^im, Williams & 
Smith prop, 33 s Frederick. 

Oelwein, Richard C, wks C G W, r 143 
3rd av n. 

Oelwein, Robert C, wife Mia, blksmth 
C G W, r 122 3rd av n. 

Oelwein, Miss Rose, r 19 1st st w. 

Oelwein Shoe Store, J C Oelberg prop, 
11 n Frederick. 

OELWEIN STEAM FEED MILL, 
(Butler & Rundle prop), flour and 
feed 222 1st st w, bus tel C B 22. 

Offerman, John, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Oglesby, Frank, wife Margaret, wood 
worker C G W, r 36 7th av s. 



phone: 98. 



BELL & RICHARDS 

HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART DF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



GOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHONE 32 



104 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Ogelsby, Iia, wks C G W, r 3G 7th 

av s. 
Olandt, Samuel, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Oldham, James, wife Nellie, fireman 

C G W, r 44 4th st n. 
Oliver, Fred, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. ' 
Oleson (See also Olsen). 
Oleson, Miss Carrie, waitress Ideal 

Restaurant, rms 124 6th av e. 
Oleson, James, wife Effie, swichman 

C G W, bds 112 4th av w. 
Oliver, George C, wife Nettie, blksmth 

C G W, r 233 7th av w. 



Olmstead, Edward, wife Sadie, cooper 
Oelwein Farmers' Creamery, r 417 
3rd w. 

Olsen (Sec also Olson). 

Olsen, Arthur, r 440 1st av s. 

Olsen, Lewis, wife Jane, wks C G W, 
r 440 1st av s. 

Ostrander, Loren L, wife Mildred, elk 
Wells Fargo Express, r 718 1st av n. 

Ouimet, Joseph R, wife Pauline, bur- 
nisher C G W, r 606 4th av w. 

Our Store, W H Xint prop, 206 s Fred- 
erick. 



Packard, Richard P, printer The Reg- 
ister, r 205 e Charles. 

Paget, Miss Florence, tchr Harlan 
school, r 724 w Charles. 

Paget, James, wife Mary, carp, r 724 
w Charles. 

Paign, Miner, wife Hannah, r 303 1st 
st e. 

Paine, Thomas, eng C G W, rms 111 
1st av w. 

Paintor, John C, wife Anna, car repr 
C G W, r 903 1st av e. 

Papen, C, eng C G W. 

Pappin, Lawrence, stenog C G W, rms 
203 1st st e. 

Palace Clothiers, The (Solomon and 
Simon prop), clothing, men's furn- 
ishing goods, hats, caps and gloves, 
IC s Frederick. 



Pall, Thomas, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 

Park Hotel, S J Glass prop, 29 1st st 
w, bus tel C B. 

Park Side School, Miss Blanche Ayers 
prin, northwest cor 3V2 st w and. 
Gth av w. 

Parker, Albert F, wife Belva, blk- 
smth C G W, r 215 2nd av e. 

PARKER, ALLEN G, wife Maude E, 
tailor 7 w Charles, r 107 1st e. 

Parker, Edward C, v/ife Blanche, car- 
rier P O, r 117 3rd av e. 

Parker, James B, wife Elizabeth, r 231 
3rd av s. 

Parker, John, eng C G W, rms 22 5tli 
av n. 

Parker^ Milo C, wife Mary E. uphol- 
sterer C G W, r 26 3rd av s. 



J. W. RIDLER, 



PHONES 23 AND 33 



Plumber 



15 NORTH FREDERICK - 



szssaEiSi 



Phone 
144 



A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



105 



Parrett, Clarence, molder Oelwein 
Foundry, r Park Hotel. 

Parsons, Vaughn V, wife Ethel, r 40 
4th av s. 

Patterson, Alfred D, wife Alice, carp 
C G W, r 330 4th av s. 

PATTISON BROS, (J F & D N Pat- 
tison) prop Oelwein Emergency 
Hospital 109 s Frederick, bus tel C 
B 109. 

PATTISON, DILL N, wife Emma, 
(Pattison Bros) physician 109 s 
Frederick, r same, bus tel C B 17, 
res tel C B 17. 

PATTISON, JOHN F, wife Amy, (Pat- 
tison Bros), physician 109 s Fred- 
erick, V 15 same. 

Pattison, Miss Matilda, r 109 s Fred- 
erick. 

Paul, Albert, wife Myra J, agt North- 
western Mutual Life Ins Co, r 211 
^Vz St e, res tel C B 55. 

Paul, Miss Avis, bds 303 n Frederick. 

Paul, Edgar, wks C G W, r 121 6th w. 

Paul, Miss Etta, r 121 6th w. 

Paul, Harry, wks C G W Ice House, r 
121 6th w. 

Paul, Jesse, r 121 6th w. 

Paul, Oscar, student, rms 21 3rd av n. 

Paul, Wm, wife Emma, wks C G W, r 
121 6th w. 

Payne (See also Paine). 

Payne, Beecher, Ibr, r 603 0th st n. 

Payne, Burdette, student, r 603 0th 

St n. 
Payne, C E, eng C G W. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 



CARPETS, DRAPERIES ANO 
UNOERTAKING, 



PHONE 139 



2 W. CHARLES 



Payne, Miss Eveline, r 151 7th av s. 

Payne, Frank, molder, r 151 7th av s. 

Payne, James, wife Elizabeth, wks 
G W, r 151 7th av s. 

Payne, Miss Laura, dressmkr, r 151 
7 th av s. 

Fayne, Lyman S, wife Jeanette, ma- 
son, G03 Gth St n, r same. 

Fayne, Osborn, wks C G W, r 603 6th 
s; n. 

Fayne, Sullivan H, v/ife Margaret, 
switchman C G W, r 601 6th st n. 

Pearce (See also Peirce). 

Pearce, Miss Helen, dom Park Hotel, 
r same. 

Peck, Miss Ada, wks Miss Eller, rms 
30 r. Frederick st. 

Peck, H M, brakeman C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Peet, Stewart G, wife Viola, wks C 
G W, r 115 1st st n. 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



Kernahan & Gosse 1 

= f 

PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



Up-lD-Date LIVERY 

The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers 



• • • • 



106 



OBLWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Pendcrgast, Frank (Santee & Pender- 

gast), rms 7 6th av e. 
Pendtrgast, V/illiam Jr, wife Adella, 

wks C G W, r 16 6tli av e. 
Pendergast, William, wife Bridget, 

stone mason, r 16 6th av e. 
Penhollow, Harrison, wife Thusn, con- 
tractor 615 2nd st e. r same. 
Penhollow, Harry, student, r 615 2nd 

sc e. 
Penhollow, Miss Lavon, r 615 2nd st e. 
Penrod, Allen A, wife Lucelia, wks C 

G W, r 528 1st av n. 
Penrod, Miss Mildred, student, r 528 

1st av n. 

ADVERTISE IN THE DAILY AND WtEKLY 

Del we in Register 

Penrod, Miss Sarah, r 528 1st av n. 

Percival, Phillipine, wid Thomas, r 124 
1st av w. 

Perry, Archie B, car record elk C G 
W, bds 201 6th av e. 

Perry, Edson, wife Nellie N, tinner, 
112 s Frederick, r 33 5th av s, res 
tel C B 65. 

Perry, Dudley, wife Annie, fireman C 
W, r 225 9th av w. 

PERRY, JESSE R, wife Pearl, .1 R Per- 
ry & Co, r 16 s Frederick. 

PERRY, JOHN H, (J R Perry & Co) r 
16 s Frederick. 



E. N. ROSS & 



PERRY, J R & CO (J R and J H Per 

ry), drugs and wall paper, paints 
and oil and glass 4 e Charles and 
3 s Frederick, bus tel C B 109. 

Peter, Ernest, wks C G W, rms 117 
1st st e. 

Peters, Joseph, mach C G W, rms 516 
1st av e. 

Peters, Nicholas, wks C G W, r 516 
1st av e. 

Peters, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Peterson, Arthur, fireman C G W, rms 
717 2nd st n. 

Peterson, Louis J, wife Anna, toolman 
C G W, r 110 3rd av s. 

Peterson, Peter C, wife Amanda, trav- 
eling salesman, bds 106 n Freder- 
ick St. 

Petres, Miss Annie, r 708 1st av w. 

Petres, John, student, r 708 1st av w. 

Petres, Jcseph, mach C G W, r 708 1st 
av w. 

Petres, Nicholas, wife Mary, uphol- 
sterer C G W, r 708 1st av w. 

Petres, Wm, r 708 1st av w. 

Petry, James, eng C G W, rms 106 3rd 
av n. 

PFEIFFER BROS, (Ernest and W F 
Pfeiffer), drugs, wall paper, paints, 
oils and glass 6 s Frederick, bus tel 
C B 54. 

PFEIFFER, ERNEST, wife E Sophia, 
(Pfeiffer Bros), r 112 2nd st e. 

PFEIFFER, WM F, (Pfeiffer Bros), 
bds 112 2nd st e. 

Pfluger, Henry, wife Mamie, blksmth 
C G W, bds 235 4 1/2 st w. 




STATE BOARD CF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP uio^^ THAT'S ALL 



OSLWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



107 



Phelps, Miss Grace, waitress Hotel 

Mealey, r same. 
Philleo & Nutting (A K Philleo and H 

C Nutting), jewelers 18 s Frederick. 
Philleo, Addison K, wife Etta (Philleo 

6 Nutting), r 18 Aledo, Ills. 
Phillips, Arthur C, wife Sarah, painter 

113 e Charles, r 13 2nd st s. 
Phillips, A John, car repr C G W, r 

206 6th av w. 
PHILLIPS & BANE, (G H Phillips and 

J R Bane), lawyers, s Frederick, 

bus tel C B 16. 
Phillips, George H, (Phillips & Bane) 

7 s Frederick, r 9 s Frederick, bus 
tel C B 16. 

Phillips, Miss Lena B, r 9 s Frederick. 
Phillips, Ray B, stenog G H Phillips, 

r 9 s Frederick. 
Phillips, E, Ibr C G W. 
Phipps, Samuel, agt cement walks, 

rms 203 1st st e. 
Pichke, Pauline, wid William, r 711 

4th av e. 
Pichke, William, Ibr, r 711 4th av e. 
Pickard, Miss Clara, r 203 1st st e. 
Pickard, Miss Grace, r 203 1st st e. 
Pickard, John, wife Ivy, coal and wood 

dealer, 203 1st st e, r same, res tel 

C B 1. 
Pickering, Frank M, wife Katherine, 

tel opr P T C Co, r 14 3rd av e. 
Pickering, Orville W, wife Nora, P T 

C Co, r 21 w Charles. 
Pierce (See also Pearce). 
Pierce, Frank, fireman C G W, rms 

118 s Frederick. 



Pierce, John, wife Nellie, car inspec- 
tor C G W, r 506 3rd av n. 
Pitkin, Maria A, wid J C, r 515 w 

Charles. 
Pitt, Miss Leila, student, r 102 n Fred- 
erick. 
PITT, WM S, wife Margaret, jeweler, 
cut glass and china 1 w Charles, r 
102 n Frederick. 

Pitznei', Albert, painter C G W, rms 
25 2nd st n. 

Place, Miss Jennie, waitress Union 
House, r same. 

Place, Miss Lulu, dom Union House, 
r same. 

Plank, Eliza, wid Elon, r 214 4th av s. 

Plashal, John, wife Emma, foreman 
lumber yard C G W, r 410 4th av n. 

Piatt, Miss Gertrude, elk R W Moul- 
ton. 

Piatt, Josiah, r 110 1st av w. 

Pleimling, Miss Bertha, r 503 n Fred- 
erick. 

Pleimling, Miss Charlotte, r 503 n 
Frederick. 

Pleimling, -Emil G, wife Anna, elk The 
Hub, r 129 3rd av s, res tel C B 213. 

PLEIMLING, NICHOLAS, wife Mary, 
prop The Hub, hats, caps, gloves 
clothing, men's furnishing goods, 24 
s Frederick, r 503 n Frederick, bus 
tel C B 325. 

Polka, Mrs. Josephine, r 533 5th av n. 

Pollock, Clarence N, wife Matie, por- 
ter M J Conway, r 746 2nd av s. 

Polsue, Harriet, wid John, r 327 9th 
av w. 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. FLEIMLING, Froprieton 



108 



OELV/EIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Polsue, John, wks C G W, r 327 9th 
av w. 

Porter, David A, wife Mary, traveling 
salesman, r G02 1st st e. 

Porter, Ernest, traveling salesman, r 
602 1st st e. 

Porter, Frank, traveling salesman, r 
602 1st st e. 

Porter, M D, v^^ife Pearl, lawyer, 8 s 
Frederick, r 219 5th st e, res tel C 
B 166. 

POST OFFICE, LEW I STURGIS, 
postmaster, 9 and 11 w Charles. 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co, C T Wil- 
liams, mgr, (Great Western Pas- 
senger Depot.) 

Potter, Hallie R, wife Nellie, station- 

• ary eng C G W power house, r 212 
4y2 st w. 

Potter, Valda W, patternmkr C G W, 
bds iOO 3rd av s. 

Potter, W N, boiler mkr C G W, bds 
303 41/2 st w. 

Potter, Eugene, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Potts, George W, wife Clara, elk R 
M S, r 513 1st av e. 

POTTS, JACOB W, wife Adah, (Shel- 
son & Potts), r 110 1st av w. 

Powers, Frank G, cook, r 510 4th av s. 

Powers, Gordon, tailor A G Parker's. 

Powers, Gordon, student, r 407 7th 
south. 

Powers, Harris L, wife Carrie, tmstr 
Kint Lumber Co, r 124 6th av e. 

Powers, Henry, wife Livonia, r 202 2nd 
av e. 



Powers, John, wife Margaret, car repr 

C G W, r 103 6th w. 
Powers, Miss Myrtle, waitress Ideal 

Restaurant, r 124 6th av e. 
Powers, Miss Pearl, student, r 124 6th 
av e. 
Powers, Thomas, wife Cora L, board- 
ing, 124 1st av w, r same. 
Powers, Wallace E, wife Margaret, r 

510 4th av s. 
Powers, Walter L, wife Ellen, fmr, r 

407 7th st s. 
Powers, William T, wife Mamie, boil- 

ermkr C G W, bds 241 41/2. st w. 
Powers,- Wm W, paper hanger, r 510 

4th av s. 
PC'Wles, Thomas H, wife Bertha, 

mchst C G W, 132 2nd av n, res tel 

C B 217. 
Prazak, Louis, wife Sophia, mgr T R 

Glanville & Son, r 22 1st n. 
Prentice, Adell, wid Nathan F, r 315 

2nd st n. 
Prentice, Edgar, wks C G W, r 315 

2nd st n. 
Prentice, Miss Florence, tchr Harlan, 

r 315 2nd st n. 
Preston, Cressy W, wks C G W,. r 417 

1st av e. 
Preston, Miss Ethel A, tchr music, r 

417 1st av e. 
Preston, Milton M, wife Mary E, eng 

pass C G W, r 417 1st av e, res tel 

C B 111. 
Prier, Oliver, wks C G W. bds 302 

3rd av n. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ > ^ j» 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



109 



Primitive Baptist Church, J C Jones 
elder, sw cor 7th st e and 4th av e. 

Proctor, Charles, wks C G W, bds 9 
1st St e. 

Protestant Cemetery, 4th st bet 1st av 
and 2nd av w. 

Puff, Charles A, wife Anna M, blk- 
smth C G W, r 410 7th w. 

Puff, Richard, vs^ife Anna, blksmth 
helper C G W, r 223 4th av n. 

Putnam, Peter, wife Alice, janitor Ma- 
sonic Hall, r 510 2nd av e. 



Good goods at 




PERRY & CO. 



Quackenboss, J, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Queeney, Stephen F, wife Anna, mach 
C G W, r 233 2nd av s. 



Queno, Thos, Ibr C G W. 
Quilliam, Basil, wife Lucile, nichst C 
G W, r 138 1st av n. 



Rada, Joseph, brakeman C G W, rms 

118 s Frederick. 
Race, Carey T, wife Dora, boilermkr 

C G W, r 206 41/2 st w. 
Radley, freight brakeman C G W. 
Rahe, August J, wife Myra, rural mail 

carrier post office route 1, r 213 4th 

av e. 
Rail, Edward boiler mkr C G W, bds 

322 5th av s. 



Ramsey, Ben, wife Bertha, night elk 

C G W, r 132 7th av n. 
Ramsey, Mary A, wid Eli, r 21 5th 

av 3. 
Randall, Miss Pearl, rms 19 1st av e. 
Rappe, Julius, express messgr Wells 

Fargo, bds 29 n Frederick. 

Rathbun, Frank R, carrier postoffice, 
r 320 2nd av e. 



^' vj? >j? ^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO vi» ^ ^^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



lid Colonial" ^ m 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer j>^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



110 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Rathbun, Louis, jeweler, r 320 2nd av 

eas:. 
Rathbun, Miss Lulu, r 320 2nd av e. 
Rathbun, Robert H P, wife Harriette, 

y 320 2nd av e. 
Rausch, Miss Mary, dom 102 n Fred- 
erick St. 
Rawl, Oral, driver Bell & Richards, 

rms 117 1st st e. 
Rea, Addie, wid George, r 421 1st st e. 
Reall, Alexander, wife Ina, blksmth 

C G W, r 520 3rd av s. 
Reams, Miss Clara, waitress The Best 

Restaurant, r 25 s Frederick. 
Rechemmer, Miss Lena, nurse, rms 

203 n Frederick. 



THE OELWEIN REGISTER 

— FOR FINE JOB PRINTING — 



Rechkemmer^ Selma, wid Louis A, r 

28 6th av s. 

RECORD, THE, W M Reed prop print- 
ing, 13 n Frederick, bus tel C B 
' 133a. 

Reed, Benj, eng C G W, bds Arlington 
House. 

Reed, Miss Edith A, student, r G22 
2nd av w. 

Reed, Edward, elk W H Meyer Co, bds 

lie 5th w. 
Reed, Glenn T, wife Winifred, elk R 

M S, r G13 n Frederick. 



Reed, James, wife Cora, tmstr, r 1007 
1st st w. 

Reed, James W, wife Jennie, wks C 
G W, r 116 5th st n, res tel C B 
156. 

Reed, John W, elk C G W, r 13 e 
Charles. 

Reed, Mary J, wid J W, r 13 e Charles. 

Reed, Orin S, wife Bessie, paper han- 
ger, r e s s Frederick, 5th outside 
limits. 

Reed, wm, 'wife Mary, blksmth C G 
W, r 213 5th av s. 

REED, WILLIAM A, wife Clare, The 
Oelwein Daily American, prop The 
Record, and city mayor, r 309 1st 
av e, bus tel C B 133a, i-es tel C B 
133b. 

Reed, Wesley S, wife Mina, car repr 
C G W, r 622 2nd av w. 

Reeder, Andrew J, cond C G W, bds 
Hotel Mealey. 

Reedy, John W, wife Rose, switchman 
C G W, r 113 w Charles. 

Reen, William, molder Oelwein Foun- 
dry, r 28 1st av e. 

Rees, Amanda, wid Daniel, r 403 s 
Frederick. 

Rees, Arch, wife Minnie, switchman 

C G W, r 1044 s Frederick. 
Rees, G Wm, wks C G W freight 

house, r 403 s Frederick. 
Re f snider, Mrs. Mary E, milliner, 28 

s Frederick, r 221 1st s. 
Refsnider, Wm, wife Mary E, r 221 

1st st s. 



PSSS HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILORS 



Cleanings Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Ill 



Regenold, Matthew M, wife Josephine, 

Ibr, r 219 5th av e. 
REGISTER, THE, Hoyer & Robinson, 

props 16 e Charles, bus tel C B 28. 
I^eidy, Austin F, wife Anna, car repr 

C G W, r 712 1st av w. 
Reid, Lee, wife Clara, drayman, r 128 

3rd av e. 
Reifstack, William, wife Anna, wks 

C G W, r 714 3rd av e. 
Reinbold, Godfrey, wife Alvena, r 206 

8th av w. 
Reinhardt, George, mach C G W, rms 

118 s Frederick. 
Reisinger, Elmer, toolboy C G W, r 

414 3rd av n. 
Reisinger, Obied R, wife Anna, charge 

man C G W, r 414 3rd av n. 
Replogle, fireman C G W. 
Retz, Albert H, wife Carrie, car in- 
spector C G W, r 157 3rd av n. 
Reynolds, George, wks C G W, bds 302 

3rd av n. 
Rice, Charles, wks Schumacher & Son. 
Richards, A O, mchst helper C G W. 
Richards, Edward H, wife Elizabeth, 

mach helper C G W, r 364 8th w. 
Richard, Glenn E, wife Bertha, wks C 

G W, r 221 2nd av e. 
Richards, James, eng C G W, rms 22 

5th av n. 
Richards, Jeremiah, fmr, r 602 6th 

st n. 
Richards, Luther, mach C G W, rms 

513 1st av e. 
Richards, Orlando R, wife Pearl, wks 

C G W, r 128 4th av w. 



RICHARDS, SAMUEL, (Bell & Rich- 
ards), rms 25 e Charles. 
Richardson, F, fireman C G W, rms 

717 2nd St n. 
Riche, Frank M, wife Addie, toolman 

C G W, r 223 7th av w, res tel C B 

113. 
Riche, James L, student, r 223 7th 

av w. 
Riche, Melburne, wife Isabelle, Ibr, r 

235 s Frederick. 
Richman, Clifford, wks C G W, r 138 

5th av s. 
Richman, Henry A, wife Elizabeth, 

toolman C G W, r 138 5th av s. 
Riddle, Jesse E, wife Eleanor A, bkpr 

store keeper C G W. r 134 Third 

av s. 
Ridgedale, Herbert B, mchst C G W, 

rms 209 e Charles. 
Ridler, Farnk R, elk J T Ridler, r 30 

n Frederick. 
Ridler, Fred J, wife Alice, painter and 

Fire Warden 2nd ward, r 102 2nd 

av n, res tel C B.ll. 
RIDLER, JAMES W, wife Nettie B, 

plumber and mgr Ridler Opera 

House, 15 n Frederick, r 402 1st av 

e, bus tel C B 23, res tel C B 33. 
Ridler, John T, wife Elizabeth, gro- 
cer 11 e Charles, r 30 n Frederick, 

bus tel C B 56. 
RIDLER OPERA HOUSE, J W Ridler 

mgr, 9 n Frederick. 
Ridler, Rush, elk J T Ridler, r 30 n 
Frederick. 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



^^'Ji?ate "' w G FETTKETHER 

Livery Rigs See "■ W" ■ ^ ■ ■ l\Li I lli.ll 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



14 FIRST AVEINUE: SOUTHi 



112 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Ridler, Thomas, r 30 n Frederick. 
Reiman, Miss Jessie, witress Hotel 

Mealey, r same. 
Riggs, A D, fireman C G W, rms Han- 
Ion House. 
Rile, W, boiler washer C G W. 
Riley, Annie L, wid Charles C, r 210 

3rd av s. 
Riley, C Earl, elk R W Moulton, r 210 

3rd av s. 

Riley, Leo V, student, r 210 3rd av s. 

Riley, Thomas, wife Mary, City Mar- 

. shal, r 974 s Frederick, res tel C B 

169. 

Riley, Miss Winifred, student, r 974 s 

Frederick. 
RINEHIMER, EDWARD, (Rinehimer 
& Wetlaufer), rms 18 s Frederick. 
RINEHIMER & WETLAUFER (Ed 
ward Rinehimer and Herbert Wet- 
laufer, prop City Laudrying Co, 202 
s Frederick, bus tel C B 254. 
Rishworth, Thomas P, wife Anna, r 26 

6th av e. 

Risk, Howard, student, r 14 5th av s. 

Risk, Loren, wife Ella M, lawyer, 36 

s Frederick, r 37 5th av s, bus tel 

C B 172. 

R'sk, Nancy H, wid Alexander, r 14 

5th av s. 
Risley, Oscar S, scrap gang C G W. 
Ritchie, Robert, wife Anna, elk C G 

W, r 121 2nd av s. 
Roberts, Albert J, v/ks C G W, r 131 

6th av e. 
Roberts, Miss Almira, waitress The 
Best Restaurant, r 25 s Frederick. 



Roberts, Archie I, wife Rosamund, up- 
holsterer C G W, r 9 2nd av s. 
Reberts, Edward L, wife Minnie, flue 

welder C G W, r 326 5th av s. 
Roberts, Ellis W, wife Nellie, wks C 

G W, r 131 6th av e. 
Roberts, Frank M, wife Rose, hostler 

C G W, r 107 4th av n. 
Robinson, Miss Cassie, milliner, bds 

617 n Frederick. 
Robinson, Frank A, wife Mae, eng Oel- 
wein water works, r 205 4th av e. 

ROBINSON, FRED S, wife Rebecca 
(Koyer & Robinson), r 205 e 
Charles. 

Robinson, Miss Tessie, milliner, bds 
617 n Frederick. 

Robinson, Wm E, wife Rena A, physi- 
cian, 3 e Charles, r 201 e Charles, 
bus tel C B 19, res tel C B 19. 

Rocarek, Wm, mchst C G W, rms 218 
3rd av s. 

Reck Island Park, 2nd av e bet e 
Charles and 1st st s. 

RODABAUGH, ARTHUR B, wife 
Mary, prop The Best Restaurant, 25 
s Frederick, r same. 

Roder, Miss Emma, r 712 4th av w. 

Roder, Harry, student, r 712 4th av w. 

Roder, Miss Lillian, r 712 4th av w. 

Roder, Theodore, wife Lena, wks C G 
W, r 712 4th av west. 

Roe, Arthur, eng C G W, rms 717 2nd 
st n. 

Roentink, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Roepke, R, Ibr C G W ice house. 



J. W. RIDLER 

^at MANAGER OPERA HOUSE ue^ 



Phone 
144 



A. C. "WILSOIT 



Glass 
Block 



DrugS' 



BookS' 



Stationery 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



113 



Roesch, Fred G, wife Minnie, mSch C 
G- W, 743 2nd av s. 

Rogers, Amy K, wid Eli, r 144 4th 
av v;. 

Rogers, Charles P, wife Emma, wks C 
G W, r 654 4th av s. 

Rogers, Marcus, Ibr, r 144 4th av w. 

Rjgge, Frank, mach C G W, r 10 w 
Charles. 

Rogge, Michael, wife Marie, charge- 
man C G W, r 942 1st av w. 

Rogge, Nicholas, wife Caroline, pain- 
ter C G W, r 957 s Frederick. 

Rohrback, W D, fireman C G W, r | 
Arlington House. I 

Rohrig, Charles H, wife Olga, lawyer, i 
7 Gth av s, r same. I 

Rominger, Thomas, rms 110 1st st e. 

Rooney, A C, mach C G W, rms 218 , 
3rd av s. 

Rooney, Mary, wid, Edward, housekpr 
613 2nd av W. 

Root, G H, eng, rms 717 2nd st n. 

Rcper, F E, cond C G W, bds Hotel 
Mealey. 

Ross, Miss Bessie F, student, r 24 Gth 
av e. 

Ross, Charles M, buttermkr Oelwein 
Farmers' Creamery, bds 139 1st av 
north. 

Ross Clay, traveling salesman Becker 
Coal Co, r 24 Gth av e. 

ROSS, DONALD, wife Cora M, con- 
tractor. Fire Warden First ward, 
foreman Hose Co No 1, 16 2nd s, r 
210 1st av e, res tel C B 89. 

Ross Earl, student, r 103 n Frederick. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



12 W.CHARLES 



Ross Emele, wid Jacob H, r 420 2nd 
av e. 

ROSS, EUGENE N, wife Cecelia (E 
N Ross & Son) r 103 n Frederick. 

ROSS, E N & SON, (E N and Wm 
Ross), furniture, carpets and oil- 
cloth, and undertakers, 118 and 120 
s Frederick, bus tel C B 21. 

Ross, Frank, telegraph opr R I, r 24 
Gth av e. 

Ross, J C, eng C G W, r Clarion. 

Ross, .Jerome R, w'ife Louisa, sec Oel- 
wein Farmers' Creamery, r 24 Gth 
av e, res tel C B 248. 

Ross Jessie, wid Alexander, r 220 1st 
av e. 

Ross, Leon, wife Hattie, fireman C G 
W, r 241 51/2 st e. 

Ross, Martin, fireman C G W shops, 
rms 230 4th av s. 

Rcss, Nelson B, wife Clara J, wks C 
G W. r 124 IGth s. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan Sc Gosse 



phone: so. 



NO. 12 FIRST" ST. SOUTH 



114 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Ross, Roy, wks C G W, bds 220 1st 

av e. 
Ross, Samuel, r 102 2nd av n. 
ROSS, WM H, wife Sallie E, (E N 

Ross & Son), r 135 1st av n, res tel 

C B 92. 
Rossen, Andrew O, wife Hilda M, blk- 

smth C G W, r 810 3rd av w. 
Rosser, Wm B, wife Nellie, mach C 

G W, r 131 5th av s. 
Roth, Miss Agnes, dom Union House, 

r same. 
Rothie, Andrew, fireman C G W, rms 

717 2nd n. 

FOR ALL THE NEWS READ THE 

Daily jSj Register 

Rowe, Arthur, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Rowe, Delbert S, wks C G W, rms 40 

4th av s. 
Rowe, Jesse, elk Massin & Brown, r 

country. 
Rowe, Oral, wks Kernahan & Gosse, 

r 12 1st St s. 
Rubly, Frank, Ibr C G W, r 121 7th w. 
Rubly, Joseph H, wife Elizabeth, wks 

C G W, r 121 7th w. 
Rubly, Miss Rose, r 121 7th w. 
Ruby, Edward E, wife Mae, mach C 

G W, r 11 3rd st n. 
Rudd, Charles G, wife Margaret, elk 

C G W freight house, r 801 2nd 

av w. 



Rudd, Miss Hannah, student, r 801 

2nd av w. 
Rudd, Robert A, r 801 2nd av w. 
Ruddlesdin, Sarali, wid Eli, r n s 10th 

w, 1st w of 1st av w. 
Ruddlesdin, Wm C, wife Luella, car 

repr C G W, r 618 1st av s. 
Ruhs, M, wks C G W 
Rule, Fred S, barber D E Taylor, rms 

105 4th av s. 
Rulifson, Claude K, wife Eliza, wks 

C G W, r 10 7th av e. 
Rulon, Arthur, r 211 Stickney bvd. 
Rulon, Miss Edna, student, r 211 

Stickney bvd. 
Rulon, Jesse F, wife Jennie, wks C 

G W, r 211 Stickney bvd. 
Rulon, Jesse O, wife Margaret E, pain- 
ter and sub carrier P O, 720 w 

Charles, r same. 
Rumple, Charles C, wife Marie, wks 

C G W, r 222 4th st n. 
RUNDLE, WALLACE A, (Butler & 

Rundle) bds 209 3rd st n. 
Rupert, Miss Edna B, r 117 5th av s. 
Rupert, George W, wife Frona, carp C 

G W, r 117 5th av s. 
Rupert, Harry V, r 117 5th av s. 
Rupert, Miss Ida E, r 117 5th av s. 
Russell, Amy A, wid Joseph, r 231 s 

Frederick. 
Russell, George W, wife Effle, coach 

cleaner C G W, r 451 8th w. 
Russell. Royal A, wife Blanche, wks 

C G W, r 209 4th av e. 
Russell, William, wife Nellie, tin- 
smith C G W, r 112 7th av n. 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



115 



Ryan, Daniel, fireman C G W, rms 110 Rybicka, James, wife Bessie, wks C 
5th av n. G W, r 620 3rd av s. 



Sacred Heart Church, Rev P S O'Con- 
nor pastor, s Frederick bet 6th and 

7th w. 
Sacred Heart School, conducted by 

Sisters of Mercy, Sister M Isabelle 

superior, 7th w ne cor 1st av w. 
fiadlers' Cafe, J W Sadler prop, 12 e 

Charles, bus tel 63. 
Sadler, Louis W, wife Bessie, prop 

Sadler Cafe 12 e Charles, r same, 

bus tel C B 63. 
Sager, Charles A, wife Nellie E, asst 

marshal, r 15 1st s. 
Sager, Miss Mabel M, elk L N Has- 

kins, r 15 1st s. 
Sager, Mrs. Nellie E, dress mkr 15 1st 

st s. 
Sagert, Louis, wife, Wilhelmina, mach 

C G W, r 802 2nd av w. 
Sanders, Prank M, wife Mary, agt 

Grand Union Tea Co, 319 2nd st e, 

r same. 
Sanders, Miss Hazel, student, r 319 

2nd st e. 

Sanford, Mrs. Katherine, dom Union 
House, r same. 

Sanders, Wallace, express messgr 
Wells Fargo, rms 14 2nd av n. 

Sanders, Willis E, wife E Mary, plan- 
ing mill. Fire Warden 4th ward, 325 
1st av s, rear same. 



Sanford, Vernon, wks C G W, r 130 

12th s. 
Santee, James F, wife Nina (Santee & 

Pendergast) r 18 e Charles. 
Santee & Pendergast (J F Santee and 

Frank Pendergast) prop Crescent 

Bakery 18 e Charles, bus tel C B 

224. 
Santee, Reuben, wife Bertha, wks C G 

W ice house, r 1140 1st av w. 
Sarset, Wm F, wife Letta, druggist 

A C Wilson, r 212 2nd st s. 
Saratoga, Winterowd & Wood prop, 8 

and 10 e Charles, bus tel C B. 
Saundry, Elizabeth, wid John, r 19 6th 

av e. 
Sayles, John S, wife Anna, stockbuyer, 

r 215 1st st s. 
Schaal, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 
Schadle, Joseph, elk Massin & Brown. 
Schaeffer (See also Shaffer and Shaef- 

fer). 

Schaeffer, August C, wife Caroline, 

chief eng C G W, r 103 4th av s. 
Schaeffer, Miss Elizabeth,, dom 820 

1st av w. 
Schaeffer, Miss Ellen, laundress City 

Laundrying Co, r 235 4% st w. 
Schaffer, Frank, wife ]>,Iary A, carp C 

G W shops, r 119 s Frederick. 



B RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



116 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Schaeffe r, Herbert N, wife Louisa, 

traveling salesman, r 235 4% st w. 
Schaeffer, Miss Lillian R, school tchr, 

r 103 4th av s. 
Schaeffer, Miss Louise V, student, r 

103 4th av s. 
Schaeffer, Mark, eng C G W, rms 110 

5th av n. 
Schaeffer, Miss Mary, dom 112 1st 

av e. 
Schaeffer, Miss May J, r 103 4th av s. 
Schaller & Churchill (George Schaller 

and Henry Churchill, meat mkt 11 n 

Frederick, bus tel C B 200. 
Schaller, George, wife Maude (Schal- 
ler & Churchill), t 114 5th av s. 
Schedl, Miss Aloisia, r.743 2nd av s. 
Schell, Frank J, wife Sophia, wks C G 

W, r 41 2nd st n. 
Schemmerhorn, Wm, Ibr, bds 119 s 

Frederick. 
Schilling, Carl G, r 501 7th av s. 
Schilling, Edward, sample distributor, 

r 501 7th av s. 
Schiller, John, wife Lucile, r 206 s 

Frederick. 
Schilling, Matilda, wid Nicholas H, r 

501 7th av s. 
SCHLETTE, SAMUEL G, wife Bertha, 

prop Last Chance 111 First st w, r 

same. 
Schletter, Otto A, wife Pearl, wks Oel- 

wein Light, Heat and Power Co, r 

GOl 1st st e. 
Schlumbohm, George H, wife Mar- 
garet, plumber 12 w Charles, r 14 

3rd av s, res tel C B 157. 



Schmillen, Anthony, wife Elizabeth, 

foreman W R Baxter, r 105 9th av 

west. 
Schmillen, Miss Elizabeth, student, r 

111 1st av w. 
Schmillen, Peter, wife Elizabeth, r 126 

3rd av s. 
Schmillen, Thomas, wife Mary, Ibr, r 

111 1st av w. 
Schmitt( See also Smith and Smyth). 
Schmitt, Fred, wife Ella, agt Wells 

Fargo, r 606 e Charles. 
Schneeberger, James D, wife Anna, 

mchst C G W, r 216 4th av n. 
Schneider (See also Snyder). 
Schneider, Miss Alma, dom Hotel Mea- 

ley. 
Schneider, August, r 119 1st av w. 
Schneider, Edward, r 119 1st av w. 
Schneider, Dwight, student, r 7 1st 

av e. 
Schneider, Fred, r 119 1st av w. 
coS.e 
Schneider, Gustave, wife Anna, car 

repr C G W, r 119 1st av w. 
Schneider, Ludwig, wife Anna, r n s 

10th w, 2nd west of 1st av w. 
Schneider. Miss Martha, dom 25 n 

Frederick. 
Schneider, Miss Pearl, r 7 1st av e. 
Schneider, Philip, wife Katie, prop 

The Cottage Studio, 5 1st av e, r 7 

same, res tel C B 232. 
Schneider, William A, wife Hattie, r 

313 1st av e. 
Schoerner, Christian, r 230 4th av s. 
Schoerner, John A, r 230 4th av* s. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK' 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ ^ ^ ^ 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



117 



Schoerner, Miss Katherine, r 230 4th 

av s. 
Schoerner, Miss Mary A, r 230 4th 

av s. 
SCHRACK, BERT, S, wife Bertha. 

(Van Wirt & Schrack), r 111 7th 

av w. 
Schrack, Charles H, wife Belle, blk- 

smth helper C G W, r 303 41/2 st w. 
Schreck, Miss Daisy, dressmkr, 529 

1st av n, r same. 
Schreck, David, wife Katherine, r 529 

1st av n. 
Schreiner, Edward, wife Inez, electri- 
cian Oelwein Electric Heat, Light 

and Power Co, rms 223 4th av s. 
Schroeder, Charles, wks C G W, r 130 

1st St s. 
Schuchmann, Anna, wid George, r 327 

4th av s. 
Schuchmann, Miss Mary, r 327 4th 

av s. 
Schuh, Charles W, v/ife Maude, prop 

Star Bakery, 22 s Frederick, r same, 

bus tel C B 14. 
Schultz, Wm H, Ibr C G W, bds 124 

1st av w. 
SCHUMACHER, ANTHONY, wife Jos- 
ephine, (A Schumacher & Son), r 

221 Third av s. 
SCHUMACHER, DOMINICK, (A 

Schumacher & Son), r 222 3rd av s. 
Schumacher, Miss Lucile, r 221 3rd 

av s . 

Schumacher, Miss Marguerite, r 221 
3rd av s. 




When you 
think of.... 



PAINTING 



OR. 



PAPERING 



Think 
of us. 

J. R. Perry & Co.lMoneysam£ 

SCHUMACHER & SON (Anthony & 

Dominick Schumacher), meat mkt 

17 s Frederick, bus tel C B 34. 
Schwidder, Adolph, student, r 430 7th 

wesc. 
Schv/idder, Ernest, wife Louise, mill 

man C G W, r 430 7th w. 
Schwidder, Miss Olga, r 430 7th w. 
Schwindel, Frank, carp C G W, bds 

12G 1st av s. 
Scoles, Charles, switchman C G W, r 

817 1st av e. 
Scothorn, Dedllo, elk Whiteside & 

Scothorn, bds 19 3rd av e. 
Scothorn, Geoi'ge, wife Emma, blk- 

smth C G W, r 19 3rd av e, res tel 

C B 175. 
Scothorn. James F, (Whiteside & 

Scothorn) r 19 3rd av e. 
Scothorn, Miss Pearl, elk Whiteside 

& Scothorn, r 19 3rd av e. 



JUST Q LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



"Old Coloniar' ^( m 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturar ^j' 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



118 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Scothorn, R, pipe fitter helper C G W, 

19 3rd av e. 
Scothorn, Miss Vidys, student, r 19 3rd 

av e. 
Scott Co, The (E E, C L and F E 

Scott), plumbing 22 e Charles, bus 

tel C B 18. 
Scott, C L, The Scott Co, r Beloit, Wis. 
Scott, E E, The Scott Co, r Beloit, Wis. 
Scott, T E, The Scott Co, r Minneap- 
olis. 
Scott, William M, wife Emma, mgr 

The Scott Co, r 104 1st av n, res tel 

C B 125. 
Scryminger, cond C G W, r caboose. 

READ THE DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Oelwein Register. 

Searcy, Miss Alma, student, r 530 w 

Charles. 
Searcy, Florence, wid Edward, laun- 
dress Spensley's Laundrying Co, r 

530 w Charles. 
Secrist, Miss Icie E, student, r 513 

7th w. 
See, John R, tel opr C R I & P, r 112 

1st av e. 
Seeber, Ralph W, wife Lois, painter, 

r 221 51/2 St e. 
Seely, Miss Anna C, dom 301 e 

Charles. 

Seeley, Miss Anna C, dom 113 3rd 



Segur. Fay, wife Minnie, wks C G W, 
r 30 5th st n. 

Seidel, Charles, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Seifert, Paul, wks C G W shops, bds 
230 4th av s. 

Senterman, Anton, Ibr C G W, bds 
203 w Charles. 

Senterman, Ralph, Ibr C G W, r 203 
w Charles. 

Servoss, cond C G W, r caboose. 

Sexton, Charles H, wife Gertrude, 
(Amiot and Sexton) r 403 2nd av e. 

Shackford, cond C G W, r caboose. 

Shadle Abner J, wife Iva, eng C G W, 
r 108 5th av w. 

Shadle, Joseph, elk Massin & Brown, 
r country. 

Shadle, Miss Mary, dom The Best 
Restaurant, r 108 5th av w. 

Shaffer (See also Shaefer and Schaef- 
fer). 

Shaffer, Earl, student, r 119 s Fred- 
erick. 

Shaffer, George, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Shaffer, Joseph, Ibr C G W, r 119 s 
Frederick. 

Shaffer, Martin, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Shaklee, Warren E, wife Julia, tool- 
man C G W, r 122 First av s. 

Shambaugh, Joseph C, wife Mae D, 
agt, r 100 3rd av s. 

Shannon, M J, eng C G W, rms 110 
5th av n. 



PSS HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & GRAUER, TaJIfirs 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



119 



Shanncn, Michael, eng C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Sharp, George, Wife Emma, wks Oel- 

wein Foundry, r 740 2nd av s. 
Shaw, Harry, wife Emma, mach C G 

W, r 229 2nd av s. 
Shaw, Miss Mattie, dom 403 w Charles 
Shaw, William A, wks C G W, r 229 

2nd av s. 
Sheldon, Ralph, porter Hotel Mealey, 

r 18 2nd st w. 
Sheldon, Wm, wife Luella, Ibr, r 18 

2nd St w. 
SHELSON, GEORGE L, wife Luella 

(Shelson & Potts) r 110 1st av w. 
SHELSON &. POTTS, (G L Shelson 

and J W Potts) prop Ideal Restaur- 
ant 10 1st st w. 
Shelton, James M, wife Emma, wks 

C G W, r 704 3rd av e. 
Sheratt, James, mach C G W, rms 5 

2nd av s. 
Sherman, Sherman, fireman C G W, 

bds Arlington House. 
SHERRILL, ARTEMUS L, wife Nel- 
lie, p.sst supt Metropolitan Life Ins 

Co, r 117 1st st n. 
Shields, James T, wife Augusta, cab 

carp C G W, r 318 3rd av n. 
Shields. Wm, r 210 3rd av s. 
Shippy, Chiles D, wife Katherine, 

cashier C G W freight depot, r 524 

1st av n. 
Shippy, Edgar A, wife Sophia, tool- 

m.an C G W, r 8.51 5th av w. 
Shomer, Henry M, wife Mayme, mach 

C G W, r 118 1st av s. 



Shomer, Mathias, wife Sarah E, stone 
cutter C V Spezia, r 415 s Frederick. 

Shomer, Michael, r 128 3rd av s. 

Shomer, Michael E, wife Katie, stone 
cutter C V Spezia, r 128 3rd av s. 

Shraman, M O, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Sidell, fireman C G W, r Arlington 
House. 

Siegel, Gabriel, carrier C M Smith, r 
221 2nd av s. 

Siegel, Jacob P, r 221 2nd av s. 

Siegel, Martin, wife Barbara, mach 
C G W, r 221 2nd av s. 

SIMON, ALBERT, (Solomon & Si- 
mon, r Waterloo. 

Simon, David, wife Rachael, elk Pal- 
ace Clothiers, r 323 n Frederick. 

SIMON, HARRY D, mgr The Palace, 
r 323 u Frederick. 

SIMON, SIDNEY, (Solomon & Simon) 
i" Waterloo. 

Simon, William B, wife Marion, boil- 
er mkr C G W, r 15 5th av w, res 
tei. C B 251. 

Simpson, Miss Alta, dom 119 4th av s. 

Simpson, William J, wife Chloa, car 
repr, r 16 2nd st n. 

Singer, .John D, wks C G W, r 110 n 
Frederick. 

Singer, Margaret E, wid Roscoe, r 110 
n Frederick. 

Singer, Robert L, wks C G W, r 110 
n Frederick. 

Sipes, Arthur W, wife Levada, driver 
Spensley's Laundrying Co, r 222 3rd 
av s. 



phone: 98. 



BELL & RICHARDS 

PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



W. G. F ETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



GOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHONE 32 



120 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Skeels, August L, wife Mary, wks 
Schaller & Churchill, r 235 3rd av s. 

Skillings. Sarah, wid Thomas, r 1108 
w Charles st. 

Slattery, Thomas, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Slayton, Harriet B, wid John, r 20 6th 
av w. 

Slick, Samuel H, wife Stella, toolman 
C G W, r 220 4th av n. 

Sloan, Charles C, wife Charlotte, mech 
eng Gas Co, r 212 6th av e. 

Slccum, Clara, wid Wallace, r rear 15 
1st av e. 

Sloyer, Thomas S, wks W G Fettgeth- 
er, r 12 n Frederick. 

Small Hall, 12 1st st w. 

Smith (See also Schmitt and Smyth.) 

Smith, Miss Ada, r 202 3rd av n. 

Smith, Adam, wife Carrie, r 131 2nd 
av s, res tel C B 153. 

Smith, Mrs. Addie, r 43 6th st n. 

Smith, Alfred, mchst C G W, rms 209 
G Charles. 

Smith, Aretas K, blksmth C G W, r 
910 s Frederick. 

Smith, Miss Avis, student, r 202 3rd 
av n. 

SMITH BROS, (R H and Thomas 
Smith), real estate 4 w Charles, bus 
tel C B 187. 

Smith, Carl M, wife Ida J, news deal- 
er 3 s Frederick, r 14 e Charles. 

Smith, Carl M, wife Lena, baggage- 
man C G W, r 13 1st st e. 

Smith, Christopher, wife Harriet, r 
73G n Frederick. 



Smith, C D, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 
Smith, C M, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 
Smith, C P, eng C G W, bds Arling- 
ton House. 
Smith, Edgart T, wife Mae, wks C G 

W, r 306 3rd av n. 
Smith, Miss Elizabeth, physician, 34 

s Frederick, r same, bus tel C B 110 
Smith, Edward G, wife Bessie, boiler 

mkr helper C G W, r 315 3rd st n. 
Smith, Edwin D, wife Chloe, r 419 e 

Charles. 
Smith, Fred, brakeman C G W, rms 

102 3rd av n. 
Smith, Fred W, wife Ida, prop The 

Exchange 16 1st av s, r 121 3rd 

av e. 
Smith, George W. wife Oliva L, bkpr 

G W Jamison, r 103 1st av e, res 

tel C B 41. 
SMITH & GRAUER, (O C Smith and 

J E Grauer), tailors, 14 w Charles. 
Smith, Harry, brakeman C G W, rms 

118 s Frederick. 
Smith, Miss Hattie, student, r 43 6th 

st n. 
Smith, James, wife Jane A, r 202 3rd 

av n. 
Smith, James E, wife Virginia A, wks 

W E Robinson, r 201 e Charles. 
Smith, James E, wife Ella, Ibr, r 215 

41/2 st w. 
Smith, J K, mchst C G W, rms 132 

2nd av n. 



^.^ SECURE DATES EARLY AT oUjI 






pera 




Phone 
144 



A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



121 



Smith, John W, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Smith, Jonas R, r 812 n Fredericlt. 

Smith, Miss Laura M, r 143 1st av n. 

Smith, Maria, wid Charles, r rear of 
21 3rd av n. 

Smith, Miss Millie, r 736 n Frederick. 

SMITH, OLIVER C, wife Catherine 
(Smith & Grauer), r 1 e Charles. 

Smith, Owen, loading machine C G W. 

Smith, Richard, wife Maude, real es- 
tate, r 309 n Frederick. 

SMITH, RICHARD H, wife Maude B 
(Smith Bros), r 309 n Frederick. 

Smith, Robert H, wife Ellen, tinsmith, 
C G W, r 143 1st av n. 

Smith, Simon, wife Rosa B, wks C G 
W, r 513 1st st e. 

SMITH, THOMAS, wife Ora C, (Smith 
Bros), r 603 w Charles, res tel C 
B 101. 

Smith, William C, fmr, 736 n Freder- 
ick. 

Smith, freight brakeman C G W. 

Smyth, J, eng C G W. 

Smyth, Matthew, wks C G W, rms 24 
2nd av n. 

Snavley, Charles, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Snavley, John, elk Arlington House, r 
222 7th av n. 

Snavley, Wm, student, r 222 7th av n. 

SNAVLEY, WM M, wife Elizabeth, 
prop Arlington House, boarding, 222 
7th av n. 

Snyder (See also Schneider). 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



12 W. CHARIES 



Snyder, Fred, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Snyder, G, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Snyder, J V, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Soasby, Earl C, wife Minnie, tends 
switch lights C G W, r 222 3rd av n. 

Solfisburg, Sarah A, wid Fred, house- 
keeper J Dickson, 4th av n. 

SOLOMON, HARRY, (Solomon & Si- 
mon) r Chicago. , 

SOLOMON & SIMON, (Harry Solo- 
men, Albert, H D and Sidney Si- 
mon), prop The Palace Clothiers, 
hats, caps and gloves, clothing, 
men's furnishing goods, 16 s Fred- 
erick. 

Solon, Martin M, wife Annie, switch- 
man, r 829 1st av w. 

Solon, Thomas, r 829 1st av w. 



y» ^ ^ >^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO nj* ^ ^^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Kernahan & Gosse 1 



PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



Up-to-Date LIVERY 

The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers • • • • 



122 



OELWBIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Sonderburg, Christian, wife Bertha, 

brass trimmer C G W, r 213 2nd 

av s. 
Sonderburg, Miss Elsa, r 213 2nd av s. 
Sonnenberg, Christ, wife Mary, car 

repr C G W, r 322 5th av s. 
Sonnenberg, Fred, wife Augustina, 

blksmth helper C G W, r 154 12th 

S. 
Sonnenberg, Miss Mary, r 322 5th av s. 
Soper, Miss Julia, dom 509 3rd av s. 
Sorenson, Miss Catherine, student, r 

1010 s Frederick. 
Sorenson, Nicholas, wife Anna, car 

repr C G W, r 1010 s Frederick. 



The 



Oelwein Register 

IS THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM 

Sorger, Miss Mary, r 743 2nd av s. 
South, Benj A, wife Henrietta, wks 

C G W, r 420 s Frederick. 
South, Robert J, wife Minnie, pipe 

fitter C G W, r 142 6th s. 
South School, May Boyd, principal, 

1st av w bet 9th and 10th w. 
Sparks, Council, wife Amanda, pain- 
ter, r 621 1st St e. 
Sparks, Melvin A, messgr Western 

Union Telegraph Co, r 28 4th av s. 
Sparks, Sylvester G, wife Cora, wks 

C G W, r 28 4th av s. 
Speagal, August, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 



Spaulding, B C, foreman scrap gang 
C G W, rms 109 1st av n. 

Spaulding, W W, e.ng C G W, r Du- 
buque. 

Spear, Edwin G, wife Sarah D, wks C 
G W, r 515 31/2 st w. 

Spear, Eugene E, wife Mina, fireman 
C G W, r 711 2nd st n. 

Speed, James, wks C G W, r 213 5th 
av w. 

Speed, John, fireman C G W, r 948 s 
Frederick. 

Speed, John, fireman C G W, r 213 5th 
av w. 

Speed, Miss Mary, dom 231 4i/^ st w. 

Speed, Miss Mary, r 213 Fifth av w. 

Speed, William A, wife Margaret, wks 
C G W, r 213 5th av w. 

Spencer, Frank, boiler mkr appr C G 
W, r 723 1st av w. 

SPENGLEY, GEORGE R, wife Anna, 
(Spensley & Girard), r 321 1st av 
e, res tel C B 146. 

SPENSLEY & GIRARD, (G R Spens- 
ley and A J Girard), prop Spensley's 
Laundrying- Co 23 w Charles, bus 
tel C B 29. 

Spensley, H Arthur, wife Daisy, wks 
Spensley's Laundrying Co, r 151 
2nd av n. 

Spencer, James W, wife Mary, boiler- 
inspector C G W, r 723 1st av w. 

SPENSLEY'S LAUNDRYING CO, 
Spensley & Girard prop 23 w 
Charles, bus tel 29. 



= VISIT: 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 2 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



Smith &Grauer Jailors 

UNION SHOP jiw*^ THAT'S ALL 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



123 



Spezia, Charles V, wife Mary, monu- 
ments 8 1st av e, r 114 1st n, res 
tel C B 250. 

Spicer, Alfred B, wife Mary, plumber 
The Scott Co, r 523 n Frederick, res 
tel C B 142. 

Spicer, Rush L, wife Mana, carp C G 
W, r 16 5th av s. 

Spiegel, C A, fireman C G W, r Ar- 
lington House. 

Spoo, John S, wife Luella, wks C G W, 
r 112 2nd av n. 

Stabler, C A, eng C G W, r Clarion. 

Staehle, August, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

S'tahl, George A, wife Rose, wks J B 
Green, r 30 3rd av s. 

Stahl, Miss Virgil, r 30 3rd av s. 

Standard Oil Co, M J Gleason, mgr, 
128 5th av s, bus tel C B 129. 

Stanley, Miss Alice, rms 116 4th av e. 

Stanley, Walter, porter saloon, r 19 
4th St n. 

Stansbary, John, wife Finnette, r 810 
s Frederick. 

Stansbary, Lewis L, wife Dorothy, ex- 
press, r 114 1st av n. 

Stansfield, Wm, mach C G W, r 203 
4th av s. 

Staples, E B, pumper C G W, rms 111 
w Charles. 

Staples, Herbert G, pumper C G W, 
r 443 s Frederick. 

Staples, Mary A, wid Almon M, r 443 
s Frederick. 

Staples, Willis W, wife Catherine, jew- 
eler W S Pitt, r 715 s Frederick. 



Star Bakery, C W Schuh prop, 22 s 

Frederick, bus tel C B 14. 
Starks, George, wife Caroline, r 409 

s Frederick. 
Starry, Louis, wife Josephine, boiler 

mkr C G W, r 322 iVz st w. 
Starry, Louis, r 322 4i^ st w. 
Starry, Miss Mollie, r 322 4% st w. 
Starr, Royal E, wife Margaret, r 413 

1st av e. 
Starry, Rudolph, core mkr appr Oel- 

wein Foundry, r 322 4% st w. 
Stebbins, Clara, wid Lyman, r 20 6th 

av w. 
Stebbins, Elmer J, wife Etta, wks C 

G W, r 207 ^Vz st e. 
Stebbins, Frank W, wife Hattie, eng 

C G W, r 20 6th av w. 
Stebbins, George L, wife Hope, mach 

helper C G W, r 32 4th av s. 
STEBBINS, ORRIN C, wife May, gro- 
cer 19 e Charles, r 307 e Charles, 
bus tel C B, 88. 
Steele, Miss Pearl, student, r 602 6th 

st n. 
Steele, Thomas, wife Minnie, carp C 

G W, r 602 6th st n. 
Steggall, George M, wife Ethel E, wks 

C G W, r 623 3rd av w. 
Steggall, Miss Gertrude, student, r 209 

2nd st n. 
Steggall, John, bds 209 2nd st n. 
Steggall, John F, wife Rachael, r 209 

2nd st n. 
Steggall, Leonard R, wife Cassie, wks 
Baldwin's cement, r 108 7th av w. 



6 RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



124 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Steggall, Samuel, wife Emily, garden- 
er, r 123 12th s. 

Steggalls, Walter, wife Eva, fmr, r w 
s Fairbanks Road, 1st s of 10th w. 

Steggner, John, toolman C G W, r 131 
2nd av s. 

Steinke, Miss Blanche, tchr, r 33 3rd 
st n, 

Steinke, Miss Edith, r 33 3rd st n. 

Stephans, F, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Stevens, Albert, cook Sadler's Cafe, 
rms 10 s Frederick. 

Stevens, Albert, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Stevens, A R, eng C G W. 

Stevens, Edward, wife Annie, eng C G 
W, r 201 3rd av s, res tel C B 241. 

Stevens, Miss Fannie M, r 201 3rd 
av s. 

Stevens, Miss Rubie E, r 201 3rd av s. 

Stevens, Miss Winnie, official reporter 
Superior Court, r 201 3rd av s. 

Stewarts Hardware, R F and R E 
Stewart, prop 23 s Frederick, bus 
tel C B 237. 

Stewart, Robert E, rms 21 s Freder- 
ick. 

Stewart, Robert F, (Stewarts' Hard- 
ware), alderman 4th ward, r 21 s 
Frederick. 

Stewart, R F and R E, props Stewarts' 
Hardware 23 s Frederick, bus tel C 
B 237. 

Still, Frank, wife Minnie, wks C G W, 
r 521 1st av n. 



Stinson, George E, wife Jennie B, blk- 

smth W A Thompson, r 37 3rd st n. 
Stockwell, Ray, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Stone, George W, mach C G W, r 932 

s Frederick. 
Stowell, Miss Eflie, r 303 3rd st e. 
Stowell, Ezra S, carriage builder 115 

e Charles, rms same. 
Stowell, Ezra S, contractor, 303 3rd 

st e, r same. 
Stowell, Fred, carp E S Stowell, r 303 

3rd av e. 
Stowell, Miss Hattie, r 303 3rd st e. 
Stowell, John, carp E S Stowell, r 303 

3rd st e. 
Stranahan, Catherine, wid George, r 

211 51/2 st e. 
Stranahan, Delos V, elk The Ex- 
change, rms 10 1st av s. 
Stufflebeam, T Nathan, wife Hattie M, 

carp W E Sanders, r e s s Frederick, 

2nd outside limits. 
Sturgis, Miss Adelaide, student, r 605 

1st av e. 
Sturgis, Lew C, asst postmaster, rms 

51/4 w Charles. 
STURGIS, LEW I, wife Ella R, post- 

m-aster, r 605 1st av e. 
Sturgis, Miss Marion, student, r 605 

Isl. a\ e. 
Sudheimer, Edward, mach eng C G W, 

rms 302 2nd av e. 
Sullivan, James L, wife Kathryn, wks 

C G W, r 142 1st av n. 
Sullivan, John, cook Ideal Restaurant, 

rms 118 s Frederick. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



PDCCCI CD PAUDnCI I l-eaders in Pure 

tantOOLIln, bAmrDCLL Drugs, Druggists' 

unuu UU. Qjgg^3 and Soda 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" Water .^ > ^ j» 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



125 



Sullivan. L F, switch helper C G W. 
Sullivan, fireman C G W, r Arlington 
House. 

Superior Court of the City of Oelwein, 
E L Elliott judge, R E Bales, city 
elk, Thomas Riley marshal, bus tel 
C B. 

Swanson, Charles, wife Helena, blk- 
smth C G W, r 147 3rd av n. 

Swartz, Henry R, wife Carrie J, wks 
C G W, r 221 1st av n. 



Swearingen, Miss Clara, r 
av w. 



1130 1st 



Swearingen, Miss Delia, r 1130 
av w. 



1st 




CIGARS 

OF 
QUALITY 



have made a 
reputation for 
our cigar dept. 
worth more to 
us than Dia- 
monds 



J. R. PERRY & CO. 



Swearingen, Isaac, wife Martha, r 1130 
1st av w. 



Taft, Fred, wks Corn Belt Telephone 

Co, bds Mack Hotel. 
Talmadge, Edward, eng C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Talty, John, cigar mkr F H Tousley, 

rms 103 1st av e. 
Talty, Matthew H, wife Catherine, 

mchst C G W, rms 103 1st av e. 
Taprett, George, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Tarr, A E, mach C G W, bds 137 4th 

av s. 
Tarr, James, wife May, carp C G W, r 

218 3rd av s. 
Taylor, Charles, brakeman C G W, r 

caboose. 



TAYLOR, DALLAS E, wife Blanche, 

barber 5 s Frederick, r 105 4th av s. 
Taylor, Herman, wks C G W, bds 215 

2ncl av e. 
Taylor, Maurice, wife Maggie, carp C 

G W, r 112 3rd av s. 
Taylor, Samuel W, wife Nellie, mach 

C G W, r 111 Fifth av s. 
Tennant, Edward G, elk W F Grem- 

mels, rms 29 n Frederick. 
Teno, fireman C G W. 
Thiele, Fred, boilermkr C G W, r 316 

7th w. 
Thiele, Harry, waiter Hotel Mealey. r 

same. 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

Tobdao 



(l(iirs 



-32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



126 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Thiele, John, boilermkr, rms 119 3rd 

av n. 
Thiele, Julia, wid Charles, cook Hotel 

Mealey, r 31G 7th w. 
Thomas, Alfred E, wife Eli|;abeth, gen 

foreman locomotive repairs C G W, 

r 315 e Charles. 
Thomas, Miss Bessie, r 315 e Charles. 
Thomas, Charles, brakeman C G W, 

rms 118 s Frederick. 
Thomas, Joseph A, r 423 1st st n. 
Thomas, Percy, mach C G W, r 315 

e Charles. 
Thompson, Miss Amy, dressmkr 19 s 

Frederick, r same. 



For Want 

PHONE 28 



Thompson, Chester C, wife Mary 
mchst C G W, r 41 3rd st n. 

Thompson, F, fireman C G W. 

Thompson, George, elk Luthmer's gro- 
cery, rms 114 1st st e. 

Thompson, George L, wife Florence, 
foreman C G W, r 706 s Frederick. 

Thompson, Glenn J, wks W A Thomp- 
son & Son, r 525 w Charles. 

Thompson, Hans, wife Alma, car repr 
C G W, r 112 6th av s. 

Thompson, H L, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Thompson, James M, elk W F Grem- 
mels, rms 114 1st st e. 




Thompson, Lee, r 41 3rd st n. 

Thompson, Lee, car checker C G W, 
bds 147 3rd av n. 

Thompson, Loyal C, wife Alta, (W A 
Thompson & Son) r Peoria, 111. 

Thompson, Wm A, wife Ida, (W A 
Thompson & Son), r 525 w Charles. 

Thompson, W A & Son, (W A and L 
C Thompson) blksmths 27 and 31 
w Charles, bus tel C B 158. 

Thompson, brakeman C G W. 

Thompson, F J, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Thorman, William, wife Louisa, r 604 
n Frederick. 

Thornton, John, fireman C G W, bds 
Arlington House. 

Thorpe, Bernice E, wife Laura, trav- 
eling salesman, r 125 2nd av n, res 
tel C B 58. 

Thorpe, Miss Eva, student, r 125 2nd 
av n. 

Tibbitts, Glenn A, tailor T E Coogan, 
r 40 4th av s. 

Tierney, cond C G, W, r caboose. 

Tiffany, Albert O, wife Sarah, carp 
Oelwein Foundry, r 137 5th av s. 

Tiffany, Albert R, molder appr Oel- 
wein Foundry, r 137 5th av s. 

Tift, Miss Minnie, music tchr, 319 2nd 
av n, r same. 

Tift, Samuel, student, r 319 2nd av n. 

Tift, Wheeler D, wife Lillie, r 319 2nd 
av n. 

Tighe, John, boiler mkr C G W. 

Tobin, J P, car repr C G W. 



NEXT TIME TRY ^.g>^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOHS 



Cleaning, Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



127 



Todd, Andrew S, wife Carrie, r 17 2nd 

av s. 
Toft, N P, wheel house chargeman C 
G W. 

Toney, Jane, wid Sibert, r 1002 s 
Frederick. 

Toomey, Miss Catherine, dressmlvr, r 
128 5th av s. 

Torrey, Roy A, wife Alba, tcolman C 
G W, r 230 6th st e. 

TOUSLEY, FRANK H, wife Mayme, 
cigars and tobacco and phonographs 
32 s Frederick, r 512 1st av e, bus 
tel C B 198, res tel C B 196. 

Tousley, John, bricklayer, bds 32 n 
Frederick st. 

Trout, William F, wife Ada, charge- 
man C G W, r 112 4th st n. 

Town, Morris, cond C G W, r Hotel 
Mealey. 

Towslee, Fred, r 230 iVz st w. 

Towsley, Horace, wks Kernahan & 
Gosse, r 230 iV2 st w. 

Towsley, Miss Lydia, waitress Wilson 
House, r 31 s Frederick. 

Towsley, Mrs. Lydia, r 230 4% st w. 

Towsley, Miss Pearl, waitress Wilson 
House, r 31 s Frederick. 

Towsley, William, fmr, r 230 41/2. st w. 

Trasey, cond C G W, r caboose. 

Tremain, W, eng C G W. 

Trier, Miss Sadie, nurse, 10 1st st e, 
•r same, res tel C B 210. 

Tripp, Charles L, wife Gertrude, ma- 
son, r 212 9th av w. 

Tripp, Miss Grace, student, r 212 9th 
av w. 



Tripp, Miss Maude, student, r 212 9th 

av w. 
Tritz, Joseph, mach C G W, bds 109 

3rd av s. 
Trosen, Nicholas, wife Katie, charge- 
man C G W, r 632 5th av w. 
Trosen, Miss Rose, student, r 632 5th 

av w. 
Trudell, J, eng C G W. 
True, Ernest L, wife Anna, pastor 

Free Baptist church, r 27 1st av e. 

res tel C B 201. 
TRUMBAUER, EMERY E, wife Emma 

hackline 937 1st av w, r^ same, res 

tel C B 73. 
Trumbauer, Lydia, wid Isaac, r 937 

1st av w, res tel C B 73. 
Trux, Miss Grace M, school tchr, r 

234 3rd av s. 
Tullar, F A, eng C G W. 
Tunison, Charles R, mailing clerk 

postoffice, r 961 3rd av e. 
Tunison, Dennis, wife Blanche, r 961 

3rd av e. 
Tunison, Frank C, wife Beulah, 

(Brown & Tunison, r 18 s Freder- 
ick, 

Tunison, Raymond, wks C G W, r 961 

3rd av e. 
TUNNEL, THE, P T Birmingham 

prop W/o First st w. 
Turner, Dorothy, wid John, bds 132 

2nd av n. 

Turner, Howard F, elk R M S, r 513 

1st av e. 
Turner, fireman C G W. 



BELL & RICHARDS 



PHONE 98. 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



Est W. G. FETTKETHER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



-14. FIRST AVENUE SOUTHi 



128 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Turney, Neri H, wife Harriet, elk R 
M S, r G21 n Frederick. 

Tyler, Charles R, wife Jennie, confec- 
tioner, subcarrier P O 2 w Charles, 
r 10 same. 

Tyler, Garfield E, wife Millie, elk post 
office, r 315 1st st e (upstairs). 

Tyler, James, elk Union House, r 
same. 



Tyler, Miss Lulu, tel opr Corn Belt 
Telephone Co, r 102 6th st n. 

Tyler, Miss Lulu, rms 107 6th st e. 

Tyler, Samuel, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Tyne, John, r 104 1st st s. 

TYRRELL, HERBERT B, wife Jen- 
nie, dry goods 21 s Frederick, r 
Lake Geneva, Wis. 



XJ 



Uhl, Emma, wife of Geo A, r 220 10th 
av w. 

Umland, Charles, eond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 

Underwood, Ernest, wife Pearl, blk- 
smth C G W, r 150 12th s. 

Underwood, Frank, eng C G W, rms 
130 1st st s. 

Underwood, Fred, wife Roxy, horse- 
shoer, r 309 1st av s. 



Underwood, Wm F, wife Roxa, horse- 
shoer 111 e Charles, r 309 1st av s. 

UNION HOUSE, (R R and C M Cor- 
niek) proprs 17 e Charles, bus tel 
C B 13. 

United States Express Co, August 
Hillman agt, 130 e Charles. 

Upton, Frank, wife Anna, blksmth C 
G W, bds 124 1st av w. 



-V 



Vail, G M, switch helper C G W. 

Vail, freight brakeman C G W. 

Van Bogart, Adelbert, wife Lulu, w^vS 

C G W, r 126 1st av n. 
Vannest, James E, wife Jennie, boiler- 

mkr C G W, r 315 41/2 st w. 
Van Pelt, Mrs. Cora, milliner, 6 e 

Charles, r 118 w 7th. 
VAN WIRT, CASIUS 0, wife Pinkey, 

(Van Wirt & Schrack), r 202 1st 

st e. 



Van Wirt, Edward, wife Nellie, wks 

C G W, r 16 7th av e. 
Van Wert, James E, druggist Pfeiffer 

Bros, rms 16 7th av e. 
Van Wirt, Kyle, wks Van Wirt & 

Schrack, r 202 1st st e. 
Van Wirt, Miss Nellie, elk millinery, 

r 204 1st st e. 
VAN WIRT & SCHRACK, (C C Van 

Wirt and B S Schrack, horse shoers 

115 e Charles. 



SEE J. W. RIDLERFOR 

Sanitary Plumbing # Heating 



'nr A. C. WILSON K 



DrugS' 



Books 



Stationery 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



129 



Vargason, John, wife Mae, wks C G 

W, r 123 6th av e. 
Ventrillo, Louis, Ibr C G W, r 203 w 

Charles. 
Verill, Charles, Ibr C G W, r 203 w 

Charles. 
Vermillion, Paul, cond C G W, bds Ho- 
tel Mealey. 
Vigezo. Micucce, Ibr coal chute C G 

W, r 203 w Charles. 
Vila, Joseph, express messgr Wells 

Fargo, rms 111 w Charles. 
Vosberg, Wm, wks Telephone Co, bds 

Mack Hotel. 



HINTZ BROS 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
DNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



12 W. CHARLES 



Wachtel, Wm A, wife Retta, real es- 
tate, 17 n Frederick, r same. 

Wagner, Carl F, wife Grace, molder 
Oelwein Foundry, r 307 iV2 st w 

Wagner, L, car repr C G W. 

Wagner, Thomas J, wife Zella, brick- 
layer, r 510 8th st w. 

Wagner, W J, car repr C G W. 

Wait, Ella, wid Dean, r 133 6th av s. 

Waldahl, Charles, wife Nellie, car repr 
C G W, r 628 5th av w. 

Waldahl, Clarence W, student, r 628 
5th av w. 

Wahlgren, Herman, cupola tender Oel- 
wein Foundry, bds 206 6th av w. 

Walker, Charles A, r 102 4th av s. 

Walker, Mrs. Daisy, r 217 2nd av e. 

Walker, Fred, r e s s Frederick, 6th 
outside limits. 



Walker, G E, upholsterer C G W. 

Walker, Harold, mach appr C G W, r 
ess Frederick, 6th outside limits. 

Walker, John, wife Nellie, contractor 
131 7th av e, r same. 

Walker, Miss Olive M, r e s s Fred- 
erick, 6th outside limits. 

Walker, Mrs. Sarah E, cashier W H 
Meyer Co, r 102 4th av s. 

Walker, Wm W, wife Ruth, pres Oel- 
wein Farmers' Creamery, r e s s 
Frederick, 6th outside limits, res tel 
C B 76a. 

Wallace, Charles H, wife Bertha A, 
boilermkr C G W, r 117 3rd av s. 

Wallace, Clement W, student, r 117 
3rd av s. 

Walleen, cond C G W, r caboose. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 

phone: so. no. 12 first sx. south 



130 



OBLWETN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Wallig, Nicholas, car repr C G W, bds 

322 5th av s. 
Wallim, L C, brakeman C G W, rms 

118 s Frederick. 
Wallish, John F, wife Mary, mach C G 

W, alderman 3rd ward, r 22 7th w. 
Walsh (See also Welch and Welsh.) 
Walters, Earl, student, bds 205 5th 

av s . 
Walters, Elmer, student, bds 205 5th 

av s. 
Walters, Miss Orpha, student, bds 205 

5th av s. 
Walton, Harry, wife Mayme, printing, 

30 s Frederick, r 306 1st st s. 

8HLTHE REGISTER 

DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Wandell, Ella, wid Alexander, r 12 6th 

av e. 
Wandel, Wilber, wife Myra, elk R W 

Moulton, r 12 6th av e, res tel C B 

117. 
Wander, Miss Ida, cook Union House, 

r same. 
WARD, DR, physician 12 s Frederick, 

r same, bus tel C B 199. 
Ward, Harry, wife Alice, mach help- 
er C G W, r 224 9th av w. 
Ward, John, wife Elizabeth, carp C G 

W, r 33 3rd st n. 
Warren, G Frederick, wife Ella, wks 

C G W, r 215 8th av n. 



Warren, George H, wife Lucy, carp C 

W, r 214 4th av s. 
Warren, Harley H, mach C G W, r 214 

4th av s. 
Washburn, Miss Nellia, student, r 43 

5th st n. 
Watchel, Joseph, student, r 135 n 

Frederick. 
Watchel, William, wife Retta, real es- 
tate, r 135 n Frederick. 
Waterworth, Harry E, wife Marie, 

pipe fitter C G W, r 419 s Frederick. 
Watkins, Thomas H, wife Margaret, 

millinery, 23 e Charles, r same. 
Watson, Miss Beulah, dom 133 4th 

av e. 
Watson, Clyde, cook, rms 110 s Fred- 
erick. 
Weatherby, James, wks C G W, r 515 

3rd av s. 
Weatherby, William, wife Martha, 

blksmth C G W, r 309 41/2 st w. 
WEAVER, FRED, wife Dorothea, mgr 

H B Tyrrell, r 606 n Frederick. 
WEAVER, GEORGE W, wife Clara, 

prop and mgr Hotel Mealey 102 s 

Frederick, r same, bus tel C B 10. 
Weaver, John, wife Freeda, wks C G 

W, r 905 1st st w. 
Weaver, cond C G W, r caboose. 
Webb, Charles, toolman C G W, bds 

231 s Frederick. 
Webber (See also Weber.) 
Webber, Albert, wife Maude, fireman 

C G W, r 148 1st av n. 
Webber, E H, boilermkr helper C G W, 

bds 303 4% st w. 



^VISITr 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 21 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & GRAUER, TaJlnrs 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



131 



Webber, Peter B, wife Mary, board- 
" ing, 32 n Frederick st, r same. 
Weber (See also Webber). 
Weber, Artliur C, wife Blanche, mchst 

C G W, r 123 1st av n. 
Weber, Roy, wife Lizzie, elk Wells 

Fargo Express, r 313 2nd av e. 
Weber, A R, eng C G W. 
Webster, Edward, fireman C G W, bds 

Arlington House. 
Weger, Otto, pipe fitter helper C G 

W, bds 323 4th av s. 
Wegner, Charles J, wife Lena, pat- 
tern maker C G W, r 226 4th av n. 
Wegner, Charles, student, r 226 4th 

av n. 
Wegner, Louis C, wife Emilie, car 

repr C G W, r 220 4th av n. 
Weidner, John, wife, Elma, blksmth 

C G W, r 130 12th s. 
WEIL, LOUIS, wife Lena (Loeb & Co) 

r 421 1st av e, res tel C B 124. 
Weim, Knutson, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 
Weiman, J, eng C G W, rms 717 2nd 

St n. 
Welbes, John F, wife Mary K, car repr 

C G W, r 12 11th av w. 
Welch (See also Welsh and Walsh). 
Welch, Miss Anna, r 113 7th w. 
Welch, James A, watchman Oelwein 

Foundry, r 113 7th w. 
Welch, Mary, wid Patrick, r 113 7th w. 
Welch, cond C G W, r caboose. 
Welch, brakeman C G W, bds Hotel 
Mealey. 



Welders, Miss Stella, cook Sadler's 

Cafe, r same. 
WELLISCH, ROBERT, sec and treas 

Oelwein Foundry Co, r St. Paul, 

Minn, care South Park Foundry and 

Machine Co. 
Wells Fargo Express, Fred Schmitt, 

agt. West Charles bet West Charles 

and 1st st w, bus tel C B 126. 
Wells, George, wife Maggie, Ibr, r 103 

1st st e. 
Wells, J, eng C G W. 
Wells, Park, elk C G W, rms 308 n 

Frederick. 
Welsh (See also Welch and Walsh). 
Welsh, Maurice, foreman Foundry C 

G W, bds 206 6th av w. 
Welter, Cecelia M, wid John, r 10 s 

Frederick. 
Welter, Frederick F, appr C G W, r 10 

s Frederick. 
Welter, Joseph C, toolman C G W, r 

18 s Frederick. 
Welter, Miss Stella E, asst cook Sad- 
ler's Cafe, r 10 s Frederick. 
Werdel, Miss Barbara, student, r 206 

5th av w. 
Werdel, Barney, mchst C G W, r 206 

5th av w. 
Werdel, Miss Elizabeth, elk Bee Hive, 

r 206 5th av w. 
Werdel, Henry, wife Magdalena, carp 

C G W, r 206 5th av w. 
Wertz, Mrs. Lillian J, cook The Best 

Restaurant, r 21 w Charles. 
West Side Dairy, F I Badger prop 990 

s Frederick. 



phone: q 8, 



BEOUCHARDS 

PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



132 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



West, Wni W, porter P J Coogan, bds 

210 3rd av s. 
Western Union Telegraph Co, August 

Hillman mgr, office Rock Island 

Depot 130 e Charles. 
Wetlaufer, Miss Alma, student, r 110 

2nd av n. 
WETLAUFER, HERBERT, (Rinehei- 

mer & Wetlaufer, r 110 2nd av n. 
Whalen (See also Whelan). 
Whalen, Francis, eng C G W, rms 717 

2nd st n. 
Whalen, Frank, eng C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 
Wheatley, George H, special mach C 

G W, r 720 3rd av w. 
Wheaton, Wm, wks C G W, bds Park 

Hotel. 
Wheeler, Dora, wid Hugh, r 14 2nd 

av n. 
Wheeler, Elizabeth, wid Thos F, r 222 

1st av n. 
Wheeler, Freeman, butter mkr, r 222 

1st av n. 
Wheeler, Thomas O, wife Jessie, time 

kpr C G W, r 606 1st av e. 
Wheeler, cond C G W, r caboose. 
Whistler, Warren, wks C G W, rms 

40 4th av s. 
Whiston, Bertha, wid Fred, elk W H 

Meyer Co, r 131 2nd av s. 
White, Miss Anna, dom 29 n Freder- 
ick. 
White, Fred R, wife Florence, boiler- 

mkr helper C G W, r 238 8th av n. 
White, Sarah E, wid Lewis, r 9 2nd 

av s. 



Whiteley, Harry, elk Coonley & Ter- 
ris, bds 10 w Charles. 

Whiteside, Otis, (Whiteside & Scot- 
horn), rms 11 5th av s. 

Whiteside & Scothorn, (Otis White- 
side and J F Scothorn) prop The 
Bon Ton 14 e Charles, bus tel C B 
95. 

Whitney, Fred N, wife Margaret, elk 
freight depot C G W, r 142 3rd av 
north. 

Whitney, John L, elk RMS, rms 710 
4th n. 

Whitney, Louis, lawyer 21 s Freder- 
ick, r same. 

Whittenbaugh, Miss Edith, chamber 
maid Hotel Mealey, r same. 

Whitter, Edward, wife Elizabeth, r 131 
1st av n. 

Whitter, Guy, student, r 131 1st av n. 

Whitter, John, wife Sadie, Ibr, r 130 
3rd av n. 

Whitter, Miss Julia, r 131 1st av n. 

Whitter, William, student, r 130 3rd 
av n. 

Wiatt, William, brakeman C G W, rms 
102 3rd av n. 

Widows, Miss Minnie, student, r 102 
3rd av n. 

Widows, William M, wife Rena, blk- 
smth C G W. r 102 3rd av n. 

Wiedman, Oscar, mach appr C G W, 
rms 321 1st av e. 

Wiedner, Allen H, wife Helen, elk C 
G W, r 8 4th st n. 

Wilbur, Benj F, wife Lizzie, eng C G 
W, r 7 6th av e, res tel C B 190. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ ^ ^ j» 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



133 



Wilcox, Leo, shipping elk store room' 
C G W, bds 147 3rd av n. 

Wilder, Frank N, wife Lillian, time 
kpr Oelwein Foundry Co, r 9 1st e. 

Wilkins, J C, rms 617 n Frederick. 

Wilkinson, Miss Fern, student, r 18 
1st av n. 

Wilkinson, Mae, wid George, r 18 1st 
av n. 

Willerton, Miss Agnes, dom 234 4th 
St w. 

Willerton, Mrs. Iva, wks Sadler's 
Cafe, r 227 41/2 w. 

Williams, Albert A, wife Bertha, bar- 
ber, 20 s Frederick, r 119 4th av s. 

Williams, Miss Amy, r 948 s Freder- 
ick. 

Williams, Charles T, wife Martha A, 
mgr Postal Telegraph Cable Co, r 
117 2nd St n. 

Williams, Edward R, boiler mkr help- 
er C G W, bds 236 1st av s. 

Williams, Frank G, wife Bessie, boil- 

ermkr C G W, r 221 3rd st n. 
Williams, Harry, wks C G W, bds 221 
3rd st n. 

Williams, R D, wife Maude (Williams 
& Schmitt), r 207 5th av e. 

Williams, Mrs. Sarah, r 119 4th av s. 

Williams & Schmitt, (R D Williams 
and Fred Schmitt), prop Oelwein 
Pantatorium 33 s Frederick. 

Willing, Arthur U, wife Alma, painter 
C G W, r 128 2nd av n. 

Willis, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 



MM J. R. PERRY 



Oelwein's 
Leading 

Druggist 




Ay Ay 



He will be 
pleased to meet 
you at the store 



WILSON, ARCHIBALD C, wife Eliza- 
beth, drugs, wall paper, paints, oils 
and glass, and stationery 2 n Fred- 
erick, 5 w Charles, r 402 e Charles, 
bus tel C B 144, res tel C B 128. 

Wilson, Edward P, wife Mae, mchst 
C G W, r 718 2nd av e. 

Wilson, Ernest, wks C G W, bds 121 
1st av e. 

Wilson, Fred, wife Ocie, wks C G W, 
r 209 6th av e. 

Wilson, Griffith W, r 125 7th av e. 

Wilson, Harry, r 31 s Frederick. 

Wilson, Harry A, elk A C Wilson, r 
402 e Charles. 

Wilson House, Mrs. Belle Wilson prop 
31 s Frederick, bus tel C B 80. 

Wilson, James L, wife Amy, contrac- 
tor, r 214 n Frederick st, res tel 
C B 194. 

Wilson, John, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

(Ijdrs m Mm 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



134 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



Wilson, John H, wife Belle, prop "Wil- 
son House 31 s Frederick, r same, 
res tel C B 80. 

Wilson, Miss Jessie school tchr. r 125 
7th av e. 

Wilson, John M, wife Adelia, express 
and transfer, r 115 n Frederick. 

Wilson, Milton, wife Elizabeth, r 115 
n Frederick. 

Wilson, O George, r 122 s Frederick. 

Wilson, Orinda, wid Elton, r 125 7th 
av e. 

Wilson, Ralph, student, r 402 e 
Charles. 

Wilson, Robert, wks C G W, rms 109 
1st av n. 



T^H OELWEIN REGISTER 

ADVERTISING COLUMNS. 



Wilson, Robert J, wife Clara A, den- 
tist, 4 w Charles, r 501 same. 

Wilson, Miss Susanna, r 31 s Freder- 
ick. 

Wilson, Miss Susie, r 31 s Frederick. 

Wilson Vene S, wife Mayme, barber F 
S Cragin, r 120 5th av s. 

Wilson, Wheeler, wife Lulu, car repr 
C G W, r 153 3rd av n. 

Wilt, brakeman C G W, r caboose. 

Wimmer, Mrs. Nelile, r 14 5th av s. 

Winders, Mrs. Mar.v A, r 122 s Fred- 
erick. 

Wine, Edward S, wife Edith, blksmth 
C G W, r 1002 2nd av s. 



Wing, Maraton, wife Azubah, r 203 n 

Frederick. 
Winkler, Edward B, r 40 4th av s. 
Winn, G, fireman C G W, r Arlington 

House. 
Winn, W C, cond C G W, bds Hotel 

Mealey. 
Winterowd, Linley J, wife Ida, (Win- 

terowd & Wood) r 110 1st e, res 

tel C B. 
Winterowd & Wood, (L J Winterowd 

and J W Wood) prop Saratoga 8 & 

10 e Charles, bus tel C B. 
Winterowd, Ross, brakeman C G W, r 

Des Moines. 
Winters, Earle, express messgr Wells 

Fargo, rms 14 2nd av n. 
Winzler, Miss Hattie, cook Park Ho- 
tel, r same. 
Witte, Edward W, wife Lulu, mchst C 

G W, r 311 e Charles. 
Wittenberg, Wm E, wks Oelwein 

Boom Livery, r 35 w Charles. 
Wolf, Miss Bertha, r 964 s Frederick. 
Wolf, Fred J, wife Amelia, r 964 s 

Frederick. 
Wolf, Miss Hattie, student, r 964 s 

Frederick. 
Wolf, John, traveling salesman, bds 

106 n Frederick st. 
Wolf, John G, wife Emma, Ibr, r 1007 

w Charles. 
Wolf. Miss Lena, r 964 s Frederick. 
Wolf, Miss Martha, wks Spensley's 

Laundrying Co, r 964 s Frederick. 
Wolf, Miss Mary, r 964 s Frederick. 
Wolfe, Miss Lena, dom 321 2nd av e. 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smitli & Grayer, Tailors 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY. 



135 



Wolfe, Miss Margaret, student, bds 205 
5th av s. 

Wolter, Frank, wife Amelia, contrac- 
tor 4 GO s Frederick, r same. 

Wolters, Miss Grace L, student, r 213 
4tli av s. 

Wolters, Gustave E, wife Mary, uphol- 
sterer C G W, r 213 4th av s. 

Wombacher, Archer, student, r 203 
5% St e. 

Wombacher, Jesse M, wife Belle, ex- 
press and transfer, r 203 5% st e, 
res tel C B 79. 

Wood, Clara S, wid Joseph W, r 720 
3rd av w. 

W^ood. George, wife Emma E, r 23 1st 
av e. 

Wood, G H, fireman C G W, bds Ar- 
lington House. 

Wood, Miss Gertrude, nurse, r 720 3rd 
av w. 

Wood, Miss Hattie M, r 107 5th av s. 

Wcod, Hiram D, wife Lydia, r 215 q 
Frederick, res tel C B 147. 

Wood, Joseph, student, r 720 3rd av w. 

Wood, Joseph W, (Winterowd & 
Wood), r 23 1st av e. 

Wood, Ralph, wife Ida M, w ks Tett- 
gethers' Livery, r 107 5th av s. 

Wood, Miss Rose, r 215 n Frederick. 

Wood, Stanley, driver Spensley Laun- 
drying Co, r 720 3rd av w. 

Wcod, William, wife Alta, mchst C 
G W, r 127 7th av w. 

Wood, fireman C G W. 

Wood, cond C G W, r caboose. 



Woodhouse, Harry L, wife Emma. 

lineman C G W, r 110 5th av w, res 

tel C B 179. 
Woodhouse, Miss Marie, student, r 110 

5th av n. 
Woodhouse, Miss Mette, student, r HO 

5th av n. 
Woodland, Charles M C, printer Har- 
ry Walton. 
Woodring, Miss Ada, r 121 1st av e. 
Woodring. Miss Ethel, r 121 1st av e. 
Woodring, Miss Laura, laundress City 

Laundrying Co, r 121 1st av e. 
Woodring, Peter, wife Mary J, carp, 

r 121 1st av e, res tel C B 135. 
Woodward, Harry, cond C G W, r 502 

1st av s. 
Woodward, Jay, tmstr, r 204 6th av e. 
Woodward, John B, wife Minnie, pain- 
ter C G W, r 437 s Woodward. 
Woodward, John D, wife Elizabeth, 

watchman C G W, r 502 1st av s. 
Woodward, Miss Nellie C, r 502 1st 

av s. 
Woodward, Jasper, wife Sarah, tmstr, 

r 204 6th av e. 
Wooldridge, John A, wife Mary E, r 

217 5th av e. 
Wortman, Wm C, wife Maude, boiler 

mkr C G W, r 208 2nd st s. 
Wren, Miss Nell, student, r 217 4th 

av s. 

Wright, Miss Hazel, student, r 218 
9th av w. 

Wright, Jesse, wife Etta, driver W R 
Baxter & Co, r 218 9th av w. 



BELL & RICHARDS 



phone: 98. 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



GOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHONE 32 



136 



OELWEIN CITY DIRECTORY, 



Yarrington, Isaac N, wife Cecelia, bil- 
liards, 15 s Frederick, r 417 6th st s 

Yeager, C, mach appr C G W. 

Yeager, Miss Louisa, r 133 1st av e. 

Yoemans, freight brakeman C G W. 

Yonker, Samuel E, wife Viola, eng, r 
421 1st St e. 

Young, Elmer, wife Lizzie, r 114 5th 
av e. 

Young, Elva, student, r 114 5th av e. 

Young, Homer, fireman, rms 106 3rd 
av n. 



Young, Lloyd, elk The Palace, r 310 
1st av e. 

Young, Miss Mary, r 215 8th av w. 

Young, Miss Maude, 114 5th av e. 

Young, Parker J, wife Maude, charge- 
man C G W, r 107 3rd av n. 

Young, Rebecca, wid Merritt, r 809 
2nd av e. 

Young, Robert, wife Belle, real estate 
4 w Charles, r 310 First av e, bus 
tel C B 49, res tel C B 49. 

Young, Robert L, mach helper C G W, 
bds 215 8th av w. 



Zacharia, Miss Ida, dom, r 24 n Fred- 
erick. 

Zacharias, Miss Emma, dom 135 n 
Frederick. 

Zatsch, Fred, wife Augusta, r 28 6th 
av s. 

Zeilinger, George J, wife Elizabeth, 
pastor Zion's German Evangelical 
Lutheran church, r 31 4th av s. 

Zenft, Albert, fmr, r 214 5th avs. 

Zenft, Emil, wife Minnie, real estate 
120 3rd av s, r same, res tel C B 150. 

Zenft, Ulah, wid Carl, r 214 5th av s. 

Ziegler, William A, wife Linie, elk 
The Palace, r 117 n Frederick. 

Zimmerman, Adelbert, student, r 210 
2nd av e. 



Zimmerman, Frank, wife Mattie, car 
repr C G W, r 210 2nd av e. 

Zimmerman, Wm, wife Matie, barber 
L A Megow, r 617 n Frederick. 

Zinger, V, car repr C G W. 

Zion's German Evangelical Lutheran 
Church, Rev G J Zeilinger, pastor, 
4th av bet e Charles and 1st st s. 

Zittlou, Miss Antonia, nurse. 627 s 
Frederick. 

Zoller, Frank L, student, rms 34 s 
Frederick. 

Zoller, Leslie A, stenog C G W, rms 
34 s Frederick. 

Zwisler C, eng C G W. 



J. W. RIDLER, 



Plumber 



PHONES 23 AND 33 

— 15 NORTH FREDERICK 



'f.T A. C. WILSON §is 

Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



OELWBIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



137 



OELWEIN 

Classified Business Directory 



1906- 1907 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 

BOYACK W. A., 

28 and 30 1st av s. 
Thompson W. A. & Son, 27 and 31 w 
Charles. 



AUCTIONEERS. 
Means James, 10 1st st e. 



AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS. 

ALLEN GAS ENGINE WORKS, 

15 Fifth av e. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 



CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



12 W. CHARLES 



BAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS. 

Star Bakery, 22 s Frederick. 



BAKERS. 

Bon Ton (The), 16 e Charles. 



Crescent Bakery, 18 e Charles. 



BANKS. 



AETNA STATE BANK, 

S s Frederick. 
Bank oi Oelwein, 2 e Charles. 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



Kernahan & Gossb 

PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



I Up-to-Date LIVERY 

The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers • • • • 



138 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



FIRST NATIONAL, 
10 w Charles. 



BARBERS 



BIRMINGHAM P. T., 

101/2 1st St w. 
Cragin Frank A., 15 e Charles. 
MEGOW L. A., 

136 s Frederick. 
TAYLOR D. E., 

5 s Frederick. 
Williams A. A., 20 s Frederick. 

ADVERTISE IN THE DAILY AND WtEKlY 

Oelwein Register 

BATHS. 

Cragin F. A., 15 e Charles. 

Williams & Schmitt, 33 s Frederick. 



BILLIARDS & POOL. 

CLUB THE, 

104 & 106 s Frederick. 
Cragin P. A., 15 e Charles. 
Winterowd & Wood, 8 and 10 e 

Charles. 
Yarrington I. N., 15 s Frederick. 



BLACKSMITHS & HORSE SHOERS. 
Hann G. F., 16 1st av w. 



Thompson W. A. & Son, 27-31 w 

Charles. 
Underwood W. F., Ill e Charles. 
Van Wirt & Schrack, 115 e Charles. 



BOARDING. 

ARLINGTON HOUSE, 

222 7th av n. 
Ball Mrs. K. E., 20 e Charles. 
Bishop J. T., 236 1st av s. 
HANLON W. T„ 

221 s Frederick. 
Morrison House, 305 s Frederick. 
Powers Thomas, 124 1st av s. 
Webber P. B., 32 n Frederick. 
Wilson House, 31 s Frederick. 

BOOKS AND STATIONERY. 

GRESSLER & CAMPBELL DRUG CO. 

33 s Frederick. 
PERRY J. R. & CO., 

4 e Charles and 3 s Frederick. 
PFEIFFER BROS., 

6 s Frederick. 
McQueen & Gosse, 3 e Charles. 
WILSON A. C, 

2 n Frederick, 5 w Charles. 

BOOTS AND SHOES, MAKERS AND 

REPAIRERS. 
Garnatz Fred, 11 s Frederick. 
Graff Nicholas, 27 s Frederick. 
HILLIGER SHOE STORE, 

19 s Frederick. 
Hogan Thomas, 121 s Frederick. 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURMLTURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP j$^^ THAT'S ALL 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



139 



Jones O. P., 34 s Frederick. 
LEADER SHOE STORE, 

34 s Frederick. 



BOOTS AND SHOES (RETAIL). 

Beehive, 9 n Fredericlc. 
Graff Nicholas, 27 s Frederick. 
Hilliger Shoe Store, 19 s Frederick. 
KERWIN J. H. & SONS, 

4 s Frederick, 6 & 8.w Charles. 
LEADER SHOE STORE, 

34 s Frederic]?;. 
MEYER W. H. CO. 

12 & 14 s Frederick. 
Oelwein Shoe Store, 11 s Frederick. 
Palace (The), IG s Frederick. 



BROKERS. 



GRAVES L. T., 

Fayette, Iowa. 



CARPETS, OIL CLOTH, ETC. 

Harter H. L., 5 s Frederick. 
HINTZ BROS., 
12 w Charles. 
ROSS E. N. & SON, 

118 & 120 s Frederick. 



CARRIAGES AND WAGONS (MAN- 
UFACTURERS AND DEALERS). 

BOYACK W. A., 

28 and 30 1st av s. 



Thompson W. A. & Son, 27 and 31 w 
Charles. 



CHINA, CROCKERY AND GLASS- 
WARE. 

Beehive, 9 n Frederick. 
GREMMELS W. F., 

36 s Frederick, 7 1st st w. 
LUCAS & CO., 

1 e Charles. 
McQueen & Gosse, 3 e Charles. 
STEBBINS O. C, 

19 e Charles. 



CIGAR MANUFACTURERS. 

TOUSLEY F. H., 

32 s Frederick. 
Wintorowd & Wood, 8 and 10 e Charles 
Yarrington I. N., 15 s Frederick. 



CIGARS AND TOBACCO RETAIL). 

CLUB THE, 

104 & lOG s Frederick. 
TOUSLEY F. H., 

32 s Frederick. 
Winterowd & Wood, 8 and 10 e Charles 
Yarrington I. N., 15 s Frederick. 



CIGARS AND TOBACCO (WHOLE- 
SALE). 

TOUSLEY F. H., 

32 s Frederick. 
Winterowd & Wood, 8 and 10 e Charles 



p H o N) e: Q S 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnisliers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



>N. PLEIMLING, Froprieton 



140 OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 


CLOTHING. 


CONFECTIONERS. 


HUB THE, 


Bon Ton (The), 14 e Charles. 


24 s Frederick. 


California Fruit Store, 13 s Frederick. 


KERWIN J. H & SONS, 






4 s Frederick, 6 & 8 w Charles. 


CONFECTIONERS (RETAIL). 


CLOTHING (RETAIL). 


Candy Kitchen, 19 s Frederick. 




Tyler C. R., 2 w Charles. 


Loeb & Co., 100 s Frederick, 4 1st st. w 




MEYER W. H. CO.. 


CONTRACTORS (CARPENTER). 


12 and 14 s Fredericlt. 




PALACE THE, 


Baldwin David, 14 3rd st n. 


16 s Frederick. 


Barr William N., 211 8th av w. 




Berg Swan, 133 Sixth av s. 
Borland Lonson, 30 5th av e. 


COAL AND WOOD. 





Derflinger David, 624 3rd av w. 


CITIZENS LUMBER CO., 


Dodge W. J. (Cement), 212 3rd st e. 


100 First St s. 


Kraft Albert G., 301 2nd av n. 


COLE & KING BROS., 


Morton J. F., 215 5th st e. 


16 2nd av s. 


ROSS DONALD, 


Jamison G. W., 25 First av. s. 


IG 2nd st s. 


KINT LUMBER CO., 


ROSS DONALD, 


218 First st w. 


210 1st av e. 


Pickard J., 203 First st. e. 


Stowell E. S., 303 3rd st e. 




Wolter Frank, 460 s Frederick. 


COLLECTIONS. 






CONTRACTORS (MASON). 


Backus G. W., 8 s Frederick. 




Bowers R. S., 28 s Frederick. 


Eller George W., Ill n Frederick. 


GRAVES L. T., 


Eller J. A., 121 First st e. 


Fayette, Iowa. 


Griffith B. T., 10 w Charles. 


HANSON BROS., 






10 w Charles. 


CONTRACTORS (PLASTERER). 


Knight & Hillman, 5i^ w Charles. 




SMITH BROS., 


Conkey William, 129 5th av e. 


4 w Charles. 


Haering C. L., 24 First av s. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR ANO REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG GO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Purs 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > Fins 
Cigars and Soda 
Water j* > j» a» 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



141 



Walker John, 131 7th av e. 

CONTRACTORS (STONE). 

Payne L. S., 603 6th st n. 
Penhollow Harrison, 615 2nd st e. 



CREAMERIES. 

Oelwein Farmers' Creamery, 220 First 
st w. 



CUT GLASS AND CHINA. 

Philleo & Nutting, 18 s Frederick. 
PITT, W. S., 
nw cor Charles and n Frederick. 



DAIRIES. 
Badger F. I., 990 s Frederick. 



DENTISTS. 



DAVIS J. C, 

5% w Charles. 
Harper A. S., 1 e Charles. 
MINER F. D., 

9 e Charles. 
Wilson R. J., 4 w Charles. 

DIRECTORY PUBLISHERS. 

TELEGRAPH-HERALD, 

Main n e cor 7th. 




Good goods at 



right 


prices 


make 


business 


grow. 


It builds 


a reputation. If 



you are looking 
for quality, 
safety and satis- 
faction trade 
with - 



J. R. PERRY & GO. 



DRESSMAKERS. 



Boyd Mrs. S. A., 19 s Frederick. 
Doctor, Mrs. Richard G., 24 3rd st n. 
Downing Mrs. Mate, 9 First st s. 
Duggan Miss Retta, 30 4th av e. 
Hickey Miss Mamie, 720 Third av w. 
King Miss Nettie, 133 Fifth av s. 
McLuen Mrs. C. A., 201 2nd st n. 
Miller Miss Ina, 103 1st av e, bus tel 

41. 
Payne Miss Laura, 15 Seventh av s. 
Nolan Miss Mayme, 12 First av w. 
SAGER MRS. NELLIE E., 

15, First st s. 
SCHRECK MISS DAISY, 

529 First av n. 
Thompson Miss Amy, 19 s Frederick 
TOOMEY MISS CATHERINE, 

128 First av s. 



>J9 ^' V}? .^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO ^ ^ ^ >^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



lid Colonial" ^c 

F H. TOySLEY, Manufacturer ^^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 




142 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



DRXTGS. ' 

GRESSLER & CAMPBELL DRUG CO. 

33 s Frederick. 
PERRY J. R. & CO., 
4 6 Charles, 3 s Frederick. 

PFEIFFER BROS., 

6 s Frederick. 

WILSON A. C, 

2 n Frederick, 5 w Charles. 



DRY GOODS. 

Beehive, 9 n Frederick. 

Glanville T. R. & Son, 13 e Charles. 

THE OELWEIN REGISTER 

— FOR FINE JOB PRINTING — 

HASKINS L. N., 

9 s Frederick. 
MEYER W. H. CO., 

12-14 s Frederick 
TYRRELL H. B., 

21 s Frederick. 



EXPRESS COMPANIES. 



United States Express Co., 130 e 

Charles. 
Wells Fargo Expi-ess Co., w Charles 

bet w Charles and First st w. 



EXPRESS AND TRANSFER. 

BELL &. RICHARDS, 

w Charles (rear postoffice.) 
Folsom H. H., 123 Fifth n. 
Hanson Edward, 28 1st av e. 
Hulbert Wm., 421 Eighth w. 
Kint J. D., 215 First st e. 
Mosher, Willard, 127 5th av s. 
Stansbery L. L., 114 1st av n. 
Wilson John M., 115 n Frederick, 
Wombacher J. M., 203 5% st e. 



FEED YARDS. 
Ridler J. T., 30 n Frederick. 



FIVE AND TEN CENT STORES. 
Edgar & Kirkman, 21 e Charles. 



FLOUR AND FEED. 

OELWEIN STEAM FEED MILL, 

222 First st w. 



FOUNDRIES. 

OELWEIN FOUNDRY CO., 

4th bet 2nd and 3vd av w. 



FURNACES. 



Perry Edson, 112 s Frederick. 



PH5 HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILORS 



Cleanings Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



143 



FURNITURE. 

Harter H. L., 7 s. Frederick. 
HINTZ BROS., 

12 w Charles. 
ROSS E. N. & SON, 

118 & 120 s Frederick. 



GASOLINE ENGINES. 

ALLEN GAS ENGINE WORKS, 

15 Fifth St e. 
Boyack W. A., 28 & 30 First av 
OELWEIN FOUNDRY CO., 

Fourth bet 2nd and 3rd av w. 
Thompson W. A. & Son, 27 & 

Charles. 

GRAIN (WHOLESALE). 



Agnew Grain Co., 220 s Frederick. 
Miles P. J., 36 s Frederick. 



31 w 



GROCERS (RETAIL). 

COONLEY & FERRIS CO., 

9 e Charles. 
GREMMELS W. F., 

36 s Frederick, 7 First st w. 
Kint W. H., 206 s Frederick. 
LUCAS & CO., 

1 e Charles. 

Luthmer's Cash Grocery, 29 s Freder- 
ick. 

MEYER W. H. CO., 

12-14 s Frederick. 



Moulton R. W., 119 s Frederick. 
Ridler J. T., 11 e Charles. 
STEBBINS O. C, 
19 e Charles. 



HACK LINES. 

BELL & RICHARDS, 

w Charles, (rear postoffice.) 
TRUMBAUER E. E., 
937 First av w. 



HARDWARE (RETAIL). 

CAMPBELL & KING, 

10 s Frederick. 
Gates E. C, 20 e Charles. 
Green J. B., 5 e Charles. 
Helm Mrs. Ernestine, 17 w Charles. 
Stewart's Hardware, 23 s Frederick. 



HARNESS AND SADDLERY. 

Biddinger E. E., 21 w Charles. 
Boyack W. A., 28 & 30 First av n. 

HATS, CAPS AND GLOVES- 
HUB THE, 

24 s Frederick. 
KERWIN J. H. & SONS, 

4 s Frederick, 6 & 8 w Charles. 
Loeb & Co., 100 s Frederick and 4 1st 

St w. 
MEYER W. H. CO., 

12 and 14 s Frederick. 



phone: 9 s 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



«:: W. G. FETTKETHER 

BooiJ Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 

,14 FIRST AVENUE SOUTHi 



144 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



PALACE THE, 

IG s Frederick. 

HAY AND GRAIN. 

Oelwein Steam Feed Mill, 222 First 
St w. 



HOSPITALS. 

OELWEIN EMERGENCY HOSPITAL, 

109 s Frederick. 



HOTELS. 



Mack Hotel, 11 First st s. 
HOTEL MEALEY, 

102 s Frederick. 
Park Hotel, 29 First st w. 
UNION HOUSE, 

17 e Charles'; 



ICE. 



Baxter W. R., 18 3rd st s. 



INSURANCE AGENTS. 

Backus G. W., 8 s Frederick. 
Belt & Day, 5 e Charles. 
BOGERT J. A., 

514 w Charles. 
Bowers R. S., 28 s Frederick. 
Fleming Michael, 1 s Frederick. 
Gerken Nelson A., 731 1st av e. 
GRAVES L. T., 

Fayette, Iowa. 



HANSON BROS., 

10 w Charles. 
Heath C. E. & Son, 26 w Charles. 
Kint J. W., 11 e Charles. 
Knight & Hillman, 5% w Charles. 
Little B. B., 1 s Frederick. 
Lyon N. E., 12 s Frederick. 
ODELL A. M., 

ISVo s Frederick. 
SHERRILL A. L., 

51/2 w Charles. 
SMITH BROS., 

4 w Charles. 
Ycimg R. J., 4 w Charles. 



INSURANCE COMPANIES (ACCI- 
DENT. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES (FIRE). 

Retail Merchants' Mutual of Des 
Moines, la., R. J. Young. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES (FIRE, 
TORNADO AND LIGHTNING.) 

Aachen Munich Fire Ins. Co. of New 

York city, G. W. Backus. 
Aachen-Munich Fire Ins. Co. of New 

York City, R. S. Bowers. 
AETNA OF HARTFORD CONN., 

Hanson Bros. 
Atlas Fire & Tornado Ins Co. of Des 

Moines, la., R. J. Young. 
American Central Ins. Co. of St. Louis, 

Mo., B. B. Little. 



J. W. RIDLER 

^^ MANAGER OPERA HOUSE Jt^ 



'» A. C. WILSOIT ss 



DrugS' 



Books- 



Stationery 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



145 



American Ins. Co. of Newark, New 

Jersey, Knight & Hillman. 
Century Fire Ins. Co. of Des Moines, 

Iowa, R. J. Young. 
Commerical Union Assurance Co. of 

London, Hanson Bros. 
Concordia of Milwaukee, J. W. Kint. 
CONNECTICUT INSURANCE CO. OF 

HARTFORD, CONN., 

Hanson Bros. 
Continental Fire Ins. Co. of New 

York, N. Y., C. E. Heath & Son. 
DES MOINES INS. CO., OF DES 

MOINES, 

Smith Bros. 
Dubuque Fire & Marine of Dubuque, 

Michael Fleming. 
Equity Mutual Insurance Association 

of Lisbon, la., C. E. Heath & Son. 
Fayette County Mutual Ins. Co., of 

Fayette Co., John Jamison. 
FIDELITY INS. CO. OF DES MOINES 

L. T. Graves, Fayette, Iowa. 
Fidelity Ins. Co. of Des Moines, Knight 

& Hillman. 
FIDELITY INS. CO. OF DES 

MOINES, lA., 

Hanson Bros. 
Firemen's Fund Ins. Corporation of 

San Francisco, J. W. Kint. 
German Alliance Ins. Co. of New 

York City, Knight & Hillman. 
GERMAN AMERICAN INS. CO. OF 

NEW YORK, N. Y., A. M. ODELL, 
GERMAN FIRE INS. CO. OF PEORIA. 
..ILL., A. M. ODELL. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING, 



PHONE 139 



12 W.CHARLES 



GERMAN INS. CO. OF FREEPORT, 
. .ILL. 

L. T. Graves, Fayette, la. 
GERMAN INS. CO. OF FREEPORT, 

ILL., A. M, ODELL. 
German National of Chicago, Michael 

Fleming. 
Germania of New York, J. W. Kint. 
Glens Falls of Glens Falls, New York, 

B. B. Little. 
j Hanover Insurance Co. of New York, 

Belt & Day. 
■Hartford Ins. Co. of Hartford, Conn. 

John Jamison. 
Hartford of Hartford, Conn., Michael 

FlemiUt^. 
HAWKEYE INS. CO. OF DES 

MOINES, lA., A. M. ODELL. 
HOME OF lA. INS. CO. OF DU- 
BUQUE, L. T. Graves, Fayette. la. 
HOME INS. CO. OF NEW YORK, 

N. Y., A. M O.DELL. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 



phone: so. 



NO. 12 FIRST ST. SOUTH 



146 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



INS. CO. OF NORTH AMERICA OF 
PENNSYLVANIA, A. M. O'DELL. 

Insurance Co. of The State of Illinois, 
B. B. Little. 

Iowa Home of Dubuque, Belt & Day. 

Iowa Mercantile Mutual Fire Ins. 
Asso. of Spencer, la., R. J. Young. 

Iowa Mutual Fire and Tornado of 
Newton, Iowa, R. J. Young. 

IOWA STATE INS. CO. OF KEO- 
KUK, IOWA, 
Smith Bros. 

LIVERPOOL, LONDON & GLOBE OF 
LONDON, 
Hanson Bros. 

FOR ALL THE NEWS READ THE 

Daily a? Register 

LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORA- 
TION OF LONDON, 

Hanson Bros. 

MILWAUKEE FIRE INS. CO. OF 
MILWAUKEE, WIS., 
Smith Bros. 

MILWAUKEE MECHANIC INS. CO. 
OF MILWAUKEE, WIS., A. M. 
O'DELL. 

National of Hartford, Conn, J. W. 
Kint. 

NATIONAL FIRE INS. CO. OF HART- 
FORD, CONN., L. T. Graves, Fa- 
yette, Iowa. 

National Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pitts- 
burgh, Penn., .1. W. Kint. 



MERCANTILE 



UNDERWRIT- 
MILWAUKEE 



NIAGARA INS. CO. OF NEW YORK 
CITY, N. Y. 

Smith Bros. 
NORTH BRITISH & 

OF LONDON, 

Hanson Bros. 
NORTH WESTERN 

ERS' AGENCY OF 

WIS., A. M. O'DELL. 
Northern Assurance Co. of London, 

Belt & Day. 
Northwestern Fire Ins. Co. of Minne- 
apolis, Minn., C. E. Heath & Son., 
NORTHWESTERN INSURANCE CO. 

OF MILWAUKEE, 

Hanson Bros. 
Norwich Union Fire Ins. Society of 

Norwich, England, Knight & Hill- 
man. 
Pennsylvania Fire Ins. Co. of Phila- 
delphia, Penn., Belt & Day. 
PHOENIX ASSURANCE CO. OF 

LONDON, 

Hanson Bros. 
Phoenix Insurance Co. of Hartford, 

Conn., Belt & Day. 
Queens Insurance Co. of N. Y. City, 

B. B. Little. 
Security Fire Ins. Co. of Davenport, 

Iowa, Knight & Hillman 
SECURITY INS. CO. OF NEW HA- 
VEN, A. M. O'DELL. 
ST. PAUL FIRE & MARINE INS. CO. 

OF ST. PAUL, A. M. O'DELL. 
SPRINGFIELD FIRE & MARINE 

INS CO. OF SPRINGFIELD, MASS, 

A. M. O'DELL. 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Sffli & Grauer, Tailors 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



147 



Sun Fire Ins. Co. of London, England, 
Knight & Hillman. 



INSURANCE COMPANIES (LIFE). 

AMERICAN LIFE INS. CO. OF DES 
MOINES, 
L. T. Graves, Fayette, Iowa. 

Guaranty Mutual Life Ins. Co. of Dav- 
enport, 12 s Frederick, Lyon, agt. 

METROPOLITAN LIFE INS. CO. OF 
NEW YORK, N. Y., 
A. L. Sherrill. 

Northwestern Life, Milwaukee, Nelson 
A. Gerken. 

NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE 
INS. CO. OF MILWAUKEE, WIS., 

J. A. Bogert, dist. agt, 5i^ w Charles. 
Union Central Life Ins. Co. of Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, Knight & Hillman 



INSURANCE COMPANIES 
GLASS.) 



(PLATE 



The Metropolitan of New York, B. B. 
Little. 



INSURANCE COMPANIES (TOR- 
NADO.) 

Insurance Company of The State of 

Illinois, B. B. Little. 
Iowa Mutual Tornado Insurance Asso. 

of Des Moines, Iowa, R. J. Young. 



IRON WORKS. 



OELWEIN FOUNDRY CO., 

Fourth bet Second and 3rd av w. 



JEWELERS. 

Philleo & Nutting, 18 s Frederick. 
PITT, W. S., 
n-w cor Charles and n Frederick. 



JUNK. 



Graham Bros, 13 First st w. 
Hallman Benj., 237 7th av e. 
Martin A. T., 502 10th st e. 



JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. 
Bentley A., 1 s Frederick. 
Dowse Philip, 3 s Frederick. 



LAND COMPANIES. 

Heath C. E. & Son, 26 w Charles. 
U. S. Land Immigration Co, Belt & 
Day, 5 e Charles. 



LAUNDRIES. 

CITY LAUNDRING CO., 

202 s Frederick. 
SPENSLEY'S LAUNDRING CO., 

23 w Charles. 



LAWYERS. 



Backus G. W., 8 s Frederick. 



b'Urds hack line 



— PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



148 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



COOK JAY, 

28 s Frederick. 
Cooney James, 5% w Charles. 
Harwood C. H., 13 e Charles. 
Ingersoll W. B., 5 e Charles. 
Irvine A. E., 36 s Frederick. 
O'Connor E. J., 36 s Frederick. 
PHILIPS & BANE, 

7 s Frederick. 
Porter M. D., 8 s Frederick. 
Risk, Loren, 36 s Frederick. 
Rohrig C. H., 7 6th av s. 
Whitney Louis, 21 s Frederick. 



LIGHT, HEAT AND POWER. 

Oelwein Light, Heat and Power Co. 
309 cor s Frederick and tracks. 



LIME AND CEMENT. 

CITIZENS LUMBER CO., 

100 First St s. 
COLE & KING BROS., 

16 Second st s. 
Jamison G. W., 25 First av s. 
KINT LUMBER CO., 

218 First st w. 

LIVERY, BOARDING AND SALES 
STABLES. 

BECKERS' LIVERY, 

22 First st s. 
FETTGETHER W. G., 

14 1st av s. 



NEW CITY LIVERY STABLES, 

12 1st st s. 
OELWEIN BOOM LIVERY, 

35 w Charles. 



LOANS AND MORTGAGES. 

Hardy & Son, 10 w Charles. 
Heath C. E. & Son, 26 w Charles. 
Kint J. W., 11 e Charles. 
Knight & Hillman, 51/2 w Charles. 
Little B. B., 1 s Frederick. 
ODELL A. M., 

181/^ s Frederick. 
SMITH BROS., 

4 w Charles. 
Young R. J., 4 w Charles. 



LUMBER, LATH AND SHINGLES. 

CITIZENS LUMBER CO., 

100 First st s. 
COLE & KING BROS., 

16 Second st s. 
Jamison G. W., 25 First av s. 
KINT LUMBER CO., 

218 First st w. 



LUNCH ROOMS. 

Great Western Eating House (Great 
Western Depot), w Charles bet w 
Charles and 1st st w. 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK- 



QRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ j^ ^ ^ 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



149 



MARINE ENGINES. 

ALLEN GAS ENGINE WORKS, 

15 Fifth St e. 



MEAT MARKETS. 

MASSIN & BROWN, 

25 e Charles. 
Schaller & Churchill, 11 n Frederick. 
SCHUMACHER & SON, 

17 s Frederick. 



MEN'S FURNISHING GOODS (RE- 
TAIL). 

HUB THE, 

24 s Frederick. 
KERWIN J. H. & SONS, 

4 s Frederick and 6 & 8 w Charles. 
Loeb & Co., 100 s Frederick and 4 

First st w. 
MEYER W. H. & CO., 

12 and 14 s Frederick. 
PALACE THE, 

16 s Frederick. 



MILLINERS. 

Grennels Rose, 3 n Frederick. 
Refsnider Mrs. M. E., 28 s Frederick 
Van Pelt Mrs. Cora, 6 e Charles. 
Watkins T. H., 23 e Charles. 



MONUMENTS. 
Spezia C. V., 8 1st av e. 




When you 
think of.... 



PA INTING 



-OR. 



PAPERING 



Think 
of us. 



J. R. Perry & CO. ^^neysavers'' 



MUSIC TEACHERS. 

Hansen C. W., 11 s Frederick. 
Higbee Miss Maude, 11 s Frederick. 
Lucas Miss Nannie, 26 4th av e. 
Norris W. H., 4 w Charles. 
Preston Miss Ethel A., 417 1st av e. 
Tift Miss Minnie, 319 2nd av n. 



NEWS DEALERS. 



Smith C. M., 3 s Frederick. 



NEWSPAPERS AND PUBLICA- 
TIONS. 

RECORD THE, 

13 n Frederick. 
OELWEIN DAILY, 

30 s Frederick. 



JUST a LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



"Old Colonial" ^( 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer ^j> 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 




150 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



OELWEIN DAILY AMERICAN THE, 

13 n Frederick. 
OELWEIN DAILY REGISTER, 

16 e Charles. 
REGISTER THE, 

16 e Charles. 



NOTARIES. 

Backus G. W., 8 s Frederick. 
Collins, A. R., 2 e Charles. ■ 
COOK JAY, 

28 s Frederick. 
Cooney James, 5% w Charles. 

READ THE DAILY AND WEEKLY 

Oelwein Register. 

HANSON BROS., 

10 w Charles. 
Hardy R. P., 10 w Charles. 
Irvine A. E., 36 s Frederick. 
Jamison John, 2 e Charles. 
Kint J. W., 11 e Charles. 
ODELL A. M., 

18y2 s Frederick. 
Porter M. D., 8 s Frederick. 
SMITH BROS., 

4 w Charles. 
Young R. J., 4 w Charles. 



NURSES. 



Blunt, Miss Lila, 121 1st av e, bus tel 
C. B. 135. 



Fox Mrs. E. M., 19 s Frederick. 
Lawrence Mrs. J. F., 521 w Charles. 
Rechemmer Miss Lena, rms 203 n 

Frederick 
Trier Miss Sadie, 10 1st st e. 



OILS. 
Standard Oil Co., 128 Fifth av s. 



OPTICIANS. 
Philleo & Nutting, 18 s Frederick. 



OSTEOPATH. 

Eller Miss Frances M., Ill n Freder- 
ick. 



PAINTERS AND PAPER HANGERS. 

Amiot & Sexton, 38 w Charles. 
Chase T. G. & Son, 10 Fifth av s. 
Freeman R. C, 3 First av e. 
Hutton James, 127 s Fredrick. 
MARSH C. U., -I 

111 e Charles. 
Phillips A. C, 113 e Charles. 
Rulon J. O., 720 w Charles. 
Wilson J. L., 214 n Frederick. 



PAINTS, OIL AND GLASS. 

GRESSLER & CAMPBELL DRUG 
CO. 

33 s Frederick. 



PHS HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S 6000 

SMITH & GRAUER, Tailnrg 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



151 



PERRY J. R. & CO., 

3 s Frederick and 4 e Charles. 
PFEIFFER BROS., 

6 s Frederick. 
WILSON A. C, 

2 n Frederick, 5 w Charles. 



PANTATORIUM. 



Williams & Schmitt, 33 s Frederick. 



PHONOGRAPHS. 
CAMPBELL & KING, 

10 s Frederick. 
Norris W. H., 4 w Charles. 
Philleo & Nutting, 18 s Frederick. 
TOUSLEY F. H., 

32 s Frederick. 



PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

Cottage Studio The, 5 First av e. 
Denham B. W., 12 s Frederick. 
FENNER G. T., 

114 s Frederick. 
Hoag Studio, 1 e Charles. 
Philip Schneider, 5 1st av e. 



PHYSICIANS. 
Clark O. W., 9 n Frederick. 
COLE J. F., 

514 w Charles. 
CONVERY P. O. 

8 s Frederick. 
Cconey C. J., 14 s Frederick. 
GAHRINGER & FORDYCE, 

14 s Frederick. 



LEEHEY F. P., 

^V2 w Charles. 
O'Connor J. B., 14 
PATTISON D. N., 

109 s Frederick. 
PATTISON, J. F., 

109 s Frederick. 
Robinson W. E., 3 



s Frederick. 



e Charles. 



Smith Miss Elizabeth, 34 s Frederick. 
WARD DR., 
12 s Frederick. 



PIANOS AND ORGANS. 

Brown & Tunisons, 6 First av e. 
Henderson E. M., 23 e Charles. 
HINTZ BROS., 

12 w Charles. 
Norris W. H., 4 w Charles. 



PICTURES AND PICTURE FRAM- 
ING. 

Harter H. L., 5 s Frederick. 
HINTZ BROS., 
12 w Charles. 
ROSS E. N. & SON, 

118 and 120 s Frederick. 



PLANING MILLS. 
Sanders W. E., 325 First av s. 



PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS. 

RIDLEY J. W., 

15 n Frederick. 



phone: 98, 



BELL & RICHARDS 

PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 

600D TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. PHONE 32 



152 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



Schlumbohn G. H., 12 w Charles. 
Scott Co. The, 22 e Charles. 



POULTRY. 



Johnson A. J., 212 s Frederick. 
Montgomery G. B., 501 7th av s. 
O'Neil Miss Mary L., 408 w Charles. 



PRINTING (BOOK AND JOB). 

HOYER & ROBINSON, 

16 e Charles. 
THE RECORD, 

13 n Frederick. 
Walton Harry, 30 s Frederick. 



RAILROADS. 

Chicago Great Western pass depot, w 
Charles bet w Charles and First w; 
freight depot Second w bet 1st and 
2nd av w; shops 2nd w and tracks. 

Chicago Rock Island & Pacific pass 
depot e Charles bet 1st av s and 2nd 
av s; freight depot First st south 
bet 1st av s and 2nd av s. 



REAL ESTATE. 
BANE J. R., 

7 s Frederick. 
Bank of Oelwein, 2 e Charles. 
Belt & Day, 5 e Charles. 
Bowers R. S., 28 s Frederick. 
Fleming Michoel, 1 s Frederick. 
GRAVES L. T., 

Fayette, Iowa. 



HANSON BROS., 

10 w Charles. 
Hardy & Son, 10 w Charles. 
Heath C. E. & Son, 26 w Charles. 
IRVINE JOHN, 

36 s Frederick. 
Kint J. W., 11 e Charles. 
Knight & Hillman, 51/2 w Charles. 
Little B. B., 1 s Frederick. 
ODELL A. M., 

18 s Frederick. 
Oelwein G. A., 19 First st w. 
SMITH BROS., 

4 w Charles. 
Wachtel W. C, 17 n Frederick. 
Young R. J., 4 w Charles. 
Zenft Emil, 120 3rd av s. 



RENTING. 



Bowers R. S., 28 s Frederick. 
Kint J. W., 11 e Charles. 
Knight & Hillman, 5V2 w Charles. 
ODELL A. M., 
I8V2 s Frederick. 



RESTAURANTS. 

COSELMAN'S CHOP HOUSE, 

113 s Frederick. 
Great Western Eating House 

Western Depot), w Charles 

Charles and First st w. 
IDEAL RESTAURANT, 

10 First st w. 
RODABAUGH A. B., 

25 s Frederick. 
Sadler's Cafe, 12 e Charles. 



(Great 
bet w 



^^ SECURE DATES EARLY AT ^-» 






ou$e 



'S' A. C. WILSON ils 

Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



153 



ROOMING HOUSES. 
O'Brien Edward, 118-120 s Frederick. 



SALOONS. 

Conway M. J., 115 s Frederick. 
Coogan P. J., 213 s Frederick. 
GIFFROW H. L., 

139 s Fi-ederick. 
KLEIMAN WM., 

200 s Frederick. 
LAST CHANCE, 

111 First St w. 
LINGELBACH WM., 

12 First St w. 
MAPLE LEAF, 

100 First St w. 
MEALEY ANNEX (THE), 

108 s Frederick. 



SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS, 

CITIZENS LUMBER CO., 

100 First St s. 
COLE & KING BROS., 

16 Second s. 
Jamison G. W., 25 First av s. 
KINT LUMBER CO., 

218 First st n. 



SECOND HAND GOODS. 

Graham Bros, 13 First st w. 
Smith F. W., 16 First av s. 



HINTZ BROS. 

Furniture 

CARPETS, DRAPERIES AND 
UNDERTAKING. 



PHONE 139 



2 W.CHARLES 



SEWING MACHINES. 

Gates E. C, 20 e Charles. 
HINTZ BROS., 

12 w Charles. 



SHAFTINGS, HANGERS AND PUL- 
LEYS. 

OELWEIN FOUNDRY CO., 

Fourth bet Second and 3rd av w. 



SHORT HAND AND TYPEWRITING 
SCHOOLS. 

Oelwein Business University, 34-36 s 
Frederick. 



SODA WATER MANUFACTURERS. 

KRUEGER, R. F., 

w Charles, outside city limits. 



^ %^ ^ ^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO >^ ^ ^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Kernahan & Gosse ! 

= I 

PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



Up-to-Oate LIVERY 

The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers • • • • 



154 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



STATIONARY ENGINES. 

ALLEN GAS ENGINE WORKS, 

15 Fifth St e. 



FEED MILLS. 

Steam Feed Mill, Dreyer Bros, n-s 
Tenth w, 6th w of First av w. 



STEAMSHIP AGENTS. 



John Jamison. 
HANSON BROS., 

10 w Charles. 



^Oelwein Register 

IS THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM 

STENOGRAPHERS. 

McDEVITT MISS MARGARET, 

181^ s Frederick. 



STOVES AND TINWARE. 

CAMPBELL & KING, 

10 s Frederick. 
Gates E. C, 20 e Charles. 
Green J. B., 5 e Charles. 
Helm Ernestine, 17 w Charles. 
Stewarts' Hardware, 23 s Frederick. 



TAILORS. 

Coogan T. E., 110 s Frederick. 
PARKER A. G., 

7 w Charles. 
SMITH & GRAUER, 

14 w Charles. 



TEAS, COFFEE AND SPICES. 

Grand Pacific Tea and Coffee Co., 948 

s Frederick. 
Grand Union Tea Co., 319 2nd st e. 



TELEGRAPH COMPANIES. 

Postal Telegrpah Cable Co., Great 

Western Depot. 
Western Union Telegraph Co., 130 e. 

Charles (Rock Island Depot). 



TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 

Corn Belt Telephone Co, 8 s Freder- 
ick. 

Iowa Telephone Co., 104 s Fi'ederick 
(Hotel Mealey). 

THEATRES. 

RIDLER OPERA HOUSE, 

9 n Frederick. 

TIN, COPPER AND SHEET IRON. 
Helm. Ernestine, 17 w Charles. 



VISIT I *■ ■ I 

E. N. Ross & Son mmi 

CARPETS, RUGS 



so. FREDERICK ST. 



.PHONE 21 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP ai^a» THAT'S ALL 



OELWEIN 


BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 155 


Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron Works, 


ROSS E. N. & SON, 


Perry Edson, 112 s Frederick. 




118 and 120 s Frederick. 


TRUNKS AND VALISES. 


VETERINARY SURGEON. 


PALACE THE, 

16 s Frederick. 




Hazlet S. K., 14 First av s. 


UPHOLSTERERS. 


WALL PAPER. 


HINTZ BROS., 

w Charles. 




GRESLER & CAMPBELL DRUG CO., 

33 s Frederick. 




PERRY J. R. & CO., 


UNDERTAKERS. 




3 s Fi-ederick and 4 e Charles. 
Pfeiffe;' Bros., 6 s Frederick. 


HINTZ BROS., 




Wilson A. C, 2 n Frederick, 5 w 


12 w Charles. 




Charles. 




B RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



■N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



i5r. 



OELWEIN BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE ''HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders In Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ > ^ a» 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



157 



OELWEIN 

CITY STREET DIRECTORY 



1906-1907 





NORTH FREDERICK ST. 




106 
110 


Mrs. Laura Blake 
Margaret E Singer 


^ 


A C Wilson 




111 


Miss Frances M Eller, G W EUer 


3 


Mrs Rose Gremmels 




114 


J A Collins, Jason Nichols 


6 


J H Kerwin, Wm Kerwin 




115 


J M Wilson 


9 


Ridlei' Opera House, R S Glenn, 


117 


Wm A Ziegler 




W Clark 




118 


John Benham 


11 


Schaller & Churchill 




129 


J F O'Brien 


12 


W G Fettkether 




135 


William Watchel 


13 


Oelwein Daily American, 


The 


202 


S T Corris 




Record 




203 


Maraton Wing 


15 


J W Ridler 




204 


J H Biddinger 


17 


W A Wachtel 




210 


H V Hoyer 


24 


A E Moodey 




214 


J L Wilson 


25 


J F Cole 




215 


H D Wood 


29 


Mrs E T Clothier 




220 


J G Gloeckner 


30 


John Ridler 




229 


Mrs. Maude Hanson 


32 


P B Webber 




303 


Fred Field 


33 


Henry Kapes 




308 


W J Brennan 


38 


C S O'Haran 








102 


W S Pitt 




309 


Richard Smith 


103 


E N Ross 




322 


Esther Jarred 


JU 


ST A LITTLE DIFFEREI 
^ 


VTFt 


lOM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 



BIG CLOTHING STORE 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

Tobdao 



(im 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



158 



323 
403 
410 
417 
503 
511 
517 
523 
529 
601 
604 
605 
609 
613 
614 
617 
621 
631 
707 
735 
736 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



David Simon 
Alfred Hanson 
Jay Cook 
C M Hall 
Nicholas Pleimling 
Frank Lemley 
Guy Barnes 
Alfred B Spicer 
Joseph Cabalka 
J L Crawford 
William Thorman 
J W Moore 
Fred Weaver 
G T Reed 
I J Bogert 
W H Zimmerman 
Neri H Tumey 
J E Chisholm 
F O Kint 
A J Miller 
Christopher Smith 



SOUTH FREDERICK. 

Philip Dowse, A O U W Hall, 
Abraham Bentley, B B Little, 
Michael Fleming 

C M Smith, J R Perry & Co 

J H Kerwin & Sons 

D E Taylor 

Pfeiffer Bros 

Phillips & Bane, H L Harter 

Guy W Backus, Corn Belt Tele- 
phone Co, M D Porter, Aetna 
State Bank, P O Convery 

G H Phillips, L N Haskins 



10 Campbell & King, Mrs C M Wel- 

ter 

11 J C Oelberg, Fred Gamatz, Mrs 

Elizabeth Cadwell 

12 Guaranty Mutual Life Ins Co, B 

W Denham, Dr Ward 
12-14 W H Meyer Co 

13 August Mercuros, Emmet Edom 

14 J B O'Connor, Gahringer & For- 

dyce, C J Cooney 

15 J F Pattison, I N Yarrington 

16 The Palace, Clothiers, J R Perry 

17 S K Herriman, Anthony Schu- 

macher & Son 

18 Philleo & Nutting, F C Tunison 
ISVa A M ODELL 

19 Candy Kitchen, Mrs E M Fox, E 

E Hilliger, Mrs. S A Boyd, Miss 
Amy Thompson 

20 A A Williams 

21 Louis Whitney, H B Tyrrell 

22 Star Bakery 

23 C F Anderson, Wm. Artz, Stew- 

arts' Hardware 

24 The Hub, B P O E 

25 The Best Restaurant 

27 Nicholas Graff 

28 R S Bowers, Jay Cook, Mrs. M 

E Refsnider 

29 Luthmer's Cash Grocery 

30 Harry Walton, The Oelwein 

Daily 

31 Wilson House 

32 F H Tousley 

33 Gressler Campbell Drug Co, Wil- 

liams & Smith 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleanings Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



159. 



34 O P Jones, J F O'Brien, Super- 
ior Court of the City of Oel- 
wein, Miss Elizabeth Smith 

34 and 36 Oelwein Business University 
36 P J Miles, A E Irvine, John Ir- 
vine, W F Gremmels, E J 
O'Connor, R E Ecklund, Loren 
Risk 

100 Loeb & Co 

102 Hotel Mealey, Iowa Telephone 
Co. 

104 and 106 The Club 

108 Mealey Annex, J E Hanlon, M J 

Hanlon 

109 Pattison Bros, Emergency Hospi- 

tal 

110 T E Coogan 

112 Edson Perry 

113 H L Coselman 

114 G F Fenner 

115 Thomas Kennedy, M J Conway 
118-120 E N Ross & Son, Edward 

O'Brien 
119 Frank Shafer, George Gibbons, R 
W Moulton 

121 Thomas Hogan 

122 A C Kraft, Mrs M A Winders 

126 H L Coselman 

127 Mrs. Catherine Hutton 
132 O J Bush 

136 L A Megow 

138 Fred Anderson 

139 Jesse Kenney, H L Giffrow 

200 Wm Kleiman 

201 A T McCusker 

201 Rear, James Morrison 



202 City Laundring Co 

206 W H Kint 

212 A J Johnson 

213 P J Coogan 

217 Samuel Herriman 

220 Agnew Grain Co 

221Hanlon House 

231 Mrs. A A Russell 

235 A H Albright 

305 Morrison House 

309 Electric Light and Power House- 

400 E G Barr 

403 Mrs. Amanda Rees, L O DeMell 

409 George Starks 

410 Michael O'Donnell 

414 John Brennon 

415 Mathias Shomer 

419 H E Waterworth 

420 B A South, Mrs. Jane Hockings, 

Mrs Minnie A Brown 

423 Mrs. Rose Gary 

433 John Graham 

437 J B Woodward 

440 Mrs N E Fenner 

443 Mrs. M A Staples 

460 Frank Wolter 

501 J H Brinkman 

605 James Holroyd 

610 John Hallinan 

613 Gustave Erickson 

624 Sacred Heart Church 

627 James Burns 

628 P S O'Connor 

631 A H Champlin 

632 Joseph Butler 
706 G L Thompson 

711 Mrs Margaret Hand 



BELL & RICHARDS 



PHONE Q S, 



^B 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE GITV DAY OR NIGHT 



^S^, W. G. FETTKETHER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 

i14 FIRST" AVENUE SOUTH-— i 



160 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



712 


James M Cusack 








B B Bonham, 3rd outside limits 


715 


W W Staples 








M S Alsip, 3rd outside limits. 


720 


John Irvine 








H A Chambers, 4th outside lim- 


725 


F W Howe 








its 


810 


John Stansbary 








James Lynch, 4th outside limits 


814 


Charles Engelman 








O S Reed, 5th outside limits 


820 


A J Johnson 








W W Walker, 6th outside limits 


910 


A K Smith 








John Aubrey, 7th outside limits 


922 


Martin McGloom 










932 


G W Stone 








EAST CHARLES. 


938 


Myron B Damon 






1 


The Hoag Studio, O C Smith, Lu- 


948 


J L Medd 








cas & Co. A S Harper. 


956 


Christian Kolb 






^ 


Bank oi' Oelwein 


957 


Nicholas Rogge 






o 


W E Robinson, McQueen & Gos- 


964 


Fred J Wolf 








se, H E Gosse 


974 


Thomas Riley 






4 


J R Perry & Co 


990 


F I Badger 






5 


J B Green, W B Ingersoll, Belt & 


1002 


Mrs. Jane Toney 








Day 


1005 


Daniel O'Leary 






6 


Mrs Cora Van Pelt 


1006 


Samuel Harper 






8-10 


Winterown & Wood 


1010 


Nicholas Sorenson 






9 


Coonley & Ferris Co, F D Miner 


1017 


Thomas Kirby 






11 


J W Kint, J T Ridler 


1022 


Howard R Garner 






12 


L W Sadler. 


1043 


F H Batterson 






13 


C H Harwood, T R Glanville & 


1044 


Arch Rees 








Son, Mrs M J Reed 


1121 


John Dearhammer, 


Claude Dud- 


14 


Whiteside & Scothorn, J M But- 




ley 








ler, C M Smith 


1127 
1131 
1139 


August Klebba 
Charles Dearhammer 
Clayton Kelly 




15 
16 

17 


F A Cragin 

Hoyer & Robinson, Oelwein Daily 

Register 
Union House 


1220 


Maurice Burns 






18 


Crescent Bakery, J F Santee, C 




J W Conrad. 1st oi 


tside 


limits 




Bans 




Herman Kobbe, 1st 


outside limits 


19 


O C Stebbins 




T N Stufflebeam, 


2nd 


outside 


20 


E C Gates, Mrs K E Ball 




limits 






21 


Edgar & Kirkman 




Robert Hanna, 2nd 


outsid 


e limits 


22 


The Scott Co 



SEEJ. W. RIDLERFOR 

Sanitary Plumbing (@ Heating 



'rs' A. C. WILSON s 







Book 


'O ^m 








.S" 






OELWEIN STREET ] 


DIRECTORY. 161 


23 E M Henderson, 


T H Watkins, T 




WEST CHARLES. 


E Edgar, J W 


Gibbons 


1-5 W S Pitt, Glass block 


25 Massin & Brown 


A S 


Julian 


2 


C R Tyler 


100 First Presbyterian Church 


4 


Smith Bros, W H Norris, R J 


111 C U Marsh, W F 


Underwood 




Wilson, R J Young, Masonic 


115 E S Stowell, Van Wirt & Schrack 




Hall 


130 C R I & P Pass DeiDOt. United 


5 


A C Wilson, Will Pitt 


States Ex Co, 


Western Union 


51/2 


Northwestern Mutual Life Ins 


Tel Co. 








Co, Mrs Annie Hammond, 
Knight & Hillman, J C Davis, 


202 J D Beardsley 








R C Baker, P P Leehey, J F 


201 W E Robinson 






' 


Cole, H C Hayes, James Coon- 


205 F S Robinson 








ey, Metropolitan Life Ins Co 


209 Bert Jones 






6-8 


J H Kerwin & Sons 


215 Mrs. Emily Kinsel 




7. 


A G Parker 


216 W A Boyack 






10 


First National Bank, C R Tyler, 


218 Mrs E W Lingelbach 






Frank Lovejoy, Mrs. Mary 


219 Mrs H E Fish 








Knucky, B T Griffith, Hardy & 


223 J W Kint 








Son 


301 Mrs Ada Frisbie 










302 E C Belt, B L Belt 




9-11 


Postoffice, Hintz Bros, G H 


307 C Stebbins 








Schlumbohm 


311 E W Witte 






14 


Smith & Grauer 


315 A E Thomas 






15 


E N Francisco 


318 H R Cooper 






15 


Rear. Bell & Richards 


402 A C Wilson 






17 


Ernestine Helm 


403 Thomas Hardy 






20 


John Jamison 


412 Henry Giffrow 






21 


E E Biddinger, W Pickering, 


416 J W Ainsworth 








Mrs L J Wertz 


419 E D Smith 






23 


Spensley Laundring Co 


420 J C Ferris 






26 


C E Heath & Son 


502 S J Fox 






27-3] 


L W A Thompson & Son 


507 C L Hough 






35 


Oelwein Boom Livery 


517 A G Luloff " 






38 


Amiot & Sexton 


518 A .J Fairley 






105 


First Christian Church 


603 C H McQueen 






109 


John Fullbright 


606 Fred Schmitt 






111 


B F Little 


CLOTHIERS TO 


HIS 


MAJESl 




THE AMEniCAN CITIZEN 



BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 



phone: 5o. 



NO. 12 FIRST ST. SOUTH 



162 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



113 J W Reedy 

119 Abe Bentley 

123 Frank Manocchin 

203 Veto Dennattio 

215 Angelo Ceresa 

218 Wells Fargo Ex Co, C G W Pass 

Depot, Postal Tel Cable Co, C 

G W Eating House 



1201 Base Ball Park 

R F Krueger, outside limits. 



FIRST WARD. 
FIRST AV. EAST. 
Philip Schneider, The Cottage 
Studio 



324 


John Hann 


6 


Brown & Tunison 


403 


Henry Martin 


7 


Philip Schneider 


408 


M L O'Neil 


8 


C V Spezia 


412 


C W Cooper 


15 


Mrs. Julia Conklin 


413 


Michael Fleming 


15 


Rear, Mrs Clara Slocum 


501 


R J Wilson 


19 


C R Brown 


502 


G L Gilbert 


20 


Maurice Loeb 


512 


G R Gilbert 


23 


Geo Wood 


515 


W H Burgum 


24 


W F Kint 


519 


B A McGovern 


27 


E L True 


521 


J F Lawrence 


28 


Edward Hanson 


522 


S S Fenley 


29 


Free Baptist Church 


523 


H A Howard 


102 


Frank Lawrence 


525 


W A Thompson 


103 


G W Smith 


526 


John Human 


112 


August Hillman 


527 


M McLuen 


121 


Peter Woodring 


530 


Richard Campbell 


122 


T E Kint 


603 


Thomas Smith 


124 


Adam Fulmer 


609 


F N Martin 


128 


J H Campbell 


718 


Daniel Burlingame 


133 


F Massin 


720 


J Rulon 


134 


G W Jamison 


724 


James Paget 


203 


T L Hanson 


1000 


R D Conkey 


210 


Donald Ross 


1001 


John Gray 


211 


W B Ingersoll 


1007 


J G Wolf 


215 


F S Hill 


1101 


W H Amiot 


217 


Geo G Allen 


1107 


H Bushnell 


220 


John King 


1108 


J M Beebe 


221 


R S Glenn 


1109 


E F Eckhart 


302 


W C Meikle 



^VISITr 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 21 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & GRAUER, Jajlgrc 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



16? 



308 


J R McDuffee 


210 


Sarah Johnson, Frank Zimme 


309 


William A Reed 




man 


310 


R J Young 


215 


A F Parker 


313 


W A Schneider 


217 


Mrs Daisy Walker 


320 


Mrs. Mary Detriek 


220 


W G Gregory 


321 


G R Spensley 


221 


G E Richard 


402 


J W Ridler 


301 


Erastus Coselman 


403 


A L Hunter 


302 


W B Collinson 


411 


J M Gahringer 


305 


W Clark 


412 


J B Feltus 


310 


George Buehlers 


413 


R E Starr 


311 


Mary Dixon 


417 


M M Preston 


313 


Ray Weber 


421 


Louis Weil 


316 


E S Cresswell, R E Cronk 


502 


P J Gallagher 


317 


C Kutschit 


503 


C M Doucett 


320 


RHP Rathbun 


511 


S K Hazlet 


321 


E E Hilliger * 


512 


F H Tousner 


403 


C H Sexton 


513 


G W Potts 


404 


George Brownell 


516 


A J Girard 


405 


C A Brinkerhoff 


522 
602 
605 
606 


F B Miner 
J A Bogert 
L I Sturgis 
T Wheeler 


411 

415 
420 


E F Hain 
E W Moore 
C C Hillman 


612 


A R King 


501 


C K Morton 


704 


Rose Gremmels 


502 


Frank Brownell 


723 
731 
817 
818 


William Guilbert 
N A Gerken 
L E Ashworth 
J H Behrens 


510 
512 
520. 


Peter Putman 
Wm Ernst 
F M Howell 


819 


R D McAllister 


602 


P L Hartsough 


903 


J C Paintor 


702 


Hollis Garrett 






718 


E P Wilson, Mrs Elvira L Bac 






kus 




SECOND AV. EAST. 


728 


J H Meyers 


202 


Henry Powers 


804 


A Buchanan 


205 


A McFarlane 


809 


G A Kidd 




RICHARDS 



phone: 9 S. 



PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 



1 


IIL III 


JD GENTS' FOOTWEAR 


^"" 




rLtSdlvr 




164 


OELWEIN 


STREET DIRECTORY. 




THIRD AV EAST. 




113 


H R Adams 


9 


J K McKenna 






116 


Mrs S W Crowell 


14 


Frank Pickering 






117 


A W Hockings 


15 


B F Hammond 






125 


J E Flynn 


19 


George Scothorn 






133 


T Lider 


20 


W H Brown 






136 


A J Gardner 


23 


C D Blaisdell 






138 


R J King 


29 


R H Freeman 






205 


F A Robinson 


109 


A Fiala 






209 


R A Russell 


112 


C Moslier 






213 


A J Rahe 


113 


L A Megow 






702 


George Hodge 


117 


E C Parker 






711 


Pauline Pichke 


121 

125 


F W Smith 
A Niciiols 




























FIFTH AV. EAST. 


128 


Lee Reid 










204 


Oelwein City Watei 


Works 




12 


L A Dailey 


221 


J F Chivington 






13 


B Cole 


420 


G R Barden 






19 


Benj Fereday, C Bans 


503 


William Galloway 






30 


L Borland 


704 


J M Shelton 






114 


E Young 


714 


William Reifstack 






116 


F E Dunn 


718 


G C Dickman 






119 


C A Bruil 


901 


Henry Birch 






125 
128 
.129 


G Borland 
T O'Leary 






W M Conkey 




FOURTH AV. EAST. 




207 


R D Williams 


G 


August Mercuric 






210 


D Y Bressie 


10 


J Bulgar 






212 


I T Bloom 


11 


Frank Lucas 






217 


A Wooldridge 


14 


D M Auten 






219 


M M Regenold 


17 


W M Myers 
Frank Fox 










18 




22 


C A Hancock 








SIXTH AV. EAST. 


26 


Mahala Lucas 






7 


B F Wilbur 


27 


William Lucas 






12 


W M Wandell 


30 


Philip Dowse 






16 


Wm Pendergast 


112 


W H Drake 






19 


Elizabeth Saundry 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG GO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs. Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ j» > > 







OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 165 


20 


Henry Edwards 




110 


L J Winterowd 


24 


J R Ross 




113 


C T Cummings 


26 


T P Rishworth 




114 


Mrs M A Culver 


119 


H B Holmes 




117 


W C Bell 


122 


E J Mott 




118 


George Kint 


123 


J Vargason 




121 


J A Eller 


124 


H L Powers 




122 


A M Kint 


131 


E W Roberts 




123 


E W Gremmels 


201 


G M Barden 




203 


John Pickard 


204 


J Woodward 




204 


C C Van Wirt 


208 


Mrs Lizzie Ishman 


207 


W G Benninger 


209 


F Wilson 


. 


208 


J B McKenney 


212 


C C Sloan 




210 


Edward Halver 






EAST. 


211 
215 
216 


J T Kenney 




SEVENTH AV. 


J D Kint 
J H Brown 


10 


C K Rulifson 




219 


Hattie Erdman 


11 


Gustave Borwig 




303 


Minor Paign 


14 


Henry Hose 




311 


E H Burlingham 


16 


Edward Van Wirt 


315 


T W Linder, G E Tyler 


17 


S A Andrews 




319 


Alfred Hockings 


125 


Mrs Orinda Wilson 


409 


Benj McLain 


131 


John Walker 




421 


Mrs. Addie Rea, S E Yonker 


23V 


Benj Hallman 




503 


Bert Badger 


612 


F E Higgins 




513 


Simon Smith 


628 


W A Gardner 




523 


David Irwin 






3AST. 


601 
602 

607 


A Schlitter 




EIGHTH AV. ] 


D A Porter 

Mrs Martha Gibbons 






612 


E F Gardner 




615 


B J Jenney 




FIRST ST. 


EAST. 


619 


John Johnson 


9 


F W Wilder 




621 


C©jncil Sparks 


10 


F H Luther 




703 


P B Harford 


13 


C M Smith 








17 


J E Grim 








103 


George Wells 






SECOND ST. EAST. 


107 


A G Parker 




112 


Ernest Pfeiffer 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

Tolmao 



(i^drs 



166 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



116 


A J Luthmer 


243 


Alexander Hodge 


122 
127 
130 
311 


J F Kuba 
L F Halpin 
J H Fitch 
Andrew Miller 
C H Harwood 






230 


SIXTH ST. EAST. 
R A Torrey 


315 




319 


F M Sanders 




NINTH ST. EAST. 


403 


J H Hanson 


401 


James Killerlain 


615 


Harrison Penhollow 














TENTH ST. EAST. 




THIRD ST. EAST. 


502 


A T Martin 


212 


W J Dodge 
L H Crist 
E S Stowell 






215 
303 


SECOND WARD. 


305 


W F O'Brian 




FIRST AV. NORTH. 


309 


August Kutschat 


16 


G T Edgington 






18 


Mae Wilkinson 
Louis Prazak 
W M Scott 
E E Biddinger 
Mary E McLaughlin 


111 
320 


FOURTH ST. EAST. 
J M Nancolas 
Wm Matthie 


22 
104 
109 
110 
114 






L L Stansbery 




FIFTH ST. EAST. 


118 


L L Ostrander 


211 


B A Cole 


122 


Christian Nelson 


215 


J F Morton 


123 


A C Weber 


219 


M D Porter 


126 


Adelbert Van Bogert. 






127 
131 


C H Irvine 






Edward Whitter 




FIVE 1/2 ST. EAST. 


134 


W F Gremmels 


119 


John Edwards 


135 


W H Ross 


203 


J H Wombacher 


138 


Basil Quilliam 


207 


E J Stebbins 


139 


H D Easton 


211 


G R Abel, Albert Paul 


142 


J L Sullivan 


221 


R W Seeber 


143 


R H Smith 


231 


Jay Nichols 


146 


Fred Bachtenkircher, Dolph 


241 


Leon Ross 


Bachtenkirchei' 



NEXT TIME TRY .^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



OELWBIN STREET DIRECTORY. 167 


14S 


Albert Webber 


145 


L M Baldwin 


21-1- 


A E Cooley 


149 


W M Davidson 


215 


C F Campbell, R E Krousaid 


150 


Elizabeth McLean 


217 


William Bentley 


151 


H A Spensley 


221 


H R Swartz 


214 


Abner Lewis 


222 


Elizabeth Wheeler 


220 


Willard Fairfield 


302 


Valentine Kappes 


301 


A G Kraft 


302 


Charlie Kappes 


302 


A J Anders 


517 


F B Hogan 


316 


James Cooney 


521 


Frank Still 


319 


W D Tift 


524 


C D Shippy 


412 


Maria Jane BallufE 


628 


Allen Penrod 
David Schreck 






529 








21 


THIRD AV. NORTH. 






C E Conway 




SECOND AV. NORTH. 


21 


Rear, Sarah A Brown 


14 


Marie Coger, Dora Wheeler 


102 


W M Widows 


15 


C W Hanson 


106 


David Cross 


20 


George Lee 


107 


P J Young 


21 


W R Baxter 


110 


L B Brooks 


23 


L E Goldsberry 


111 


Nels Nelson 


24 


Anthony Akins 


114 


C C Butler 


102 


F J Ridler 


115 


Mary Da r rah 


106 


John Hanson 


118 


Roy Miller 


110 


Henry Haynes 


119 


Owen Conley 


112 


J S Spoo 


122 


Augusta Molumby, R C Oelwein 


116 


R W Moulton 


123 


Harry McKliget 


121 


E E Mead 


127 


W V Gardner 


122 


John Jamison 


130 


John Whitter 


125 


B E Thorpe 


139 


A H Cotton 


128 


A U Willing 


142 


F N Whitney 


132 


T H Powles 


143 


Charles Oelwein 


133 


Malvin Erb 


146 


Alexander McKillips 


136 


J P Beck 


147 


Charles Swanson 


137 


G W Nutt 


150 


Otto Bernjus 


140 


W J Mahoney 


151 


A H Retz 


141 


W I Bodell 


153 


Wheeler Wilson 


B 


ELL & RIGHAI 


ID 


\ phone: OS. 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY DR NIGHT 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 

GOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. PHONE 32 



168 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



154 


Jane Moyle 


24 


A Bensch 


202 


James Smith 


533 


Josephine Polka 


214 


Macy Downing 

William McGarry 

E N Mettlin, E C Soasbe 

M C Kendall 

E T Smith 

A A Clark 

L J Libby 






218 
222 
302 
306 
310 
314 


IG 
120 
132 
136 


SIXTH AV. NORTH. 
G H Nelson 
David Graham 
S S Hanson 
James Farris 


318 


J T Shields 






402 


John McConn 




SEVENTH AV. NORTH. 


406 


A L Lee 


111 


Peter Knutson 


410 


J R Nichols 


112 


William Russell 


414 


D Reisinger 


116 


Charles Bray 


506 


John Pierce 


120 


O A Martin 






126 


C A Boulet 


107 
109 


FOURTH AV. NORTH. 
F M Roberts 
Bert Keeler 
H Keeler 


132 

222 
223 


Benj Ramsey 
Arlington House 
John Campbell 


202 




206 


W H Jones 




FIRST ST. NORTH. 


210 


John Plashal 


111 


J C Jepson 


216 


J D Schneberger 


114 


C V Spezia 


216 


Rear, C Kendall 


115 


S G Peet 


218 


A J Henehan 


117 


A L Sherrill 


219 


William Armitage 


121 


J E Lilley 


220 


S H Slick 


423 


A E Anderson 


220 


Rear, L C Wegner 


52S 


Aaron Howard 


223 


Richard Puff 


523 


William Burns 


226 


C J Wegner 


527 


F A Kemp 






708 


E L Murray 




FIFTH AV. NORTH. 

H N Morgan 


933 


A Butler 


12 




16 


J A Humphry 




SECOND ST. NORTH. 


22 


C A Flagg 


15 


C R Ingamells 



J. W. RIDLER, 



Plumber 



PHUNES 23 AND 33 

— 15 NORTH FREDERICK 



^r A. C. WILSON lis 



Wall Paper— 


■Paint 


'C^ 


^■TAZi n H twu /^1 a cc 


rO"" 


■"Winuuw \jiaoo 


OELWEIN 


STREET DIRECTORY. 169 


16 W J Simpson 






217 


B E Matthews 


19 Harry Dunbar 






221 


F G Williams 


25 S V R Graves 










29 L B Moffett 










-33 S J Grubb 








FOURTH ST. NORTH. 


41 F J Sceel 






8 


Ellen H Wiedner, E C Gates 


103 Matilda Hanson 






19 


Walter Stanley 


117 C T Williams 






22 


I S Blaisdell 


121 Eliza M Hanson 






36 


A W Hoth 


201 C A McLuen 






39 


Harlan School 


205 C B DeVeny 






40 


J P Connors 


209 J F Steggall 






41 


Harlan School 


221 J L Lawi'ence 






44 


James Oldham 


315 Adell Prentice 






110 


Ida M Hall 


319 R D McCormack 






111 


E L Elliott 


717 E E Spear 






112 


W F Tout 








212 


S W Frederickson 


THIRD STREET NORTH. 




213 


J C Crellin 








217 


E E Doane 


11 E E Ruby 






218 


Gunder Hansen 


14 J K Christenson 










15 Kisiah Meskell 
17 Will Johnson 






222 


C C Rumple 










18 C G Harvey 








FIFTH ST. NORTH. 


21 T K Lendman 










24 Richard Doctor 






25 


J R Harper 


25 H J Gartz, Fred Gartz 






29 


Jennie McNamara 


28 T E Meskell 






30 


Fay Segur 


29 C Hiler 






34 


Valentine Kappes 


33 John Ward 






37 


C W Baldwin 


37 G E Stinson 






38 


W R Michael 


41 C C Thompson 






43 


E L Hovey 


111 H F Murray 






48 


E E Holseng 


117 H W Flanagan 






111 


E E Day 


208 John Cox 






115 


Harrison Butler 


209 J L Butler 






116 


J W Reed 


215 E G Smith 






123 


H H Folsom 


If You Don't Know 


^ 


^1?^ 


^ 


^ You Ought ti 




i^m^ 


'^ 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



I\ 


Giiiaiiaii Ob ui 


lOi 


)u 

— \ The Best is none 


PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH customeriT ."" 


170 


OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 




SIXTH ST. NORTH. 


811 


David Harmon 


31 
32 
43 
103 
103 
601 
602 
603 


J S Aubrey 

F M Camnack 

Addie Smith, James Earnshow 

Adelard Guilotte 

S A Barlow 

S H Payne 

Thomas Steele, Jerry Richards 

L S Payne 


820 
829 
902 
912 
920 
921 
932 
933 
937 


James Liddell 

M M Solon 

P T McDevitt 

Frank Kluge 

South School 

J T Allen 

J D Fennell 

Mrs M M Beebe 

Mrs Lydia Trumbauer, E E 






Trumbauer 




THIRD WARD. 


942 


Michael Rogge 




FIRST AV. WEST. * 


980 
1130 


Lewis Bevan 
Isaac Swearingen 


12 


Mrs. Maggie Nolan, James P. No- 


1140 


Reuben Santee 


Ian 


1180 


Adam Miller 


16 


G F Hann 


1184 


E Z Cross 


110 


G L Shelson, J W Potts 


1198 


Nathan Hoppies 


111 


Thomas Schmiller 

J F Elkins, Mrs Justina Kelley 

George Blunt 






115 
116 


SECOND AV. WEST. 


119 


Gustave Schneider 


612 


Rudolph Anderson 


124 


Thomas Powers 


613 


Timothy O'Connor 


620 


Thomas Carroll 


617 


C Homer Clark 


622 


Mrs. Mary Hanlon 


618 


H W Manning 


626 


J D Maloney 


621 


James Markham. 


632 


Thomas Boyd 


622 


W S Reed 


702 


J A Connolly, Mrs. Catherine 


704 


P M Becker, Joseph Kaufmann 




Burke 


708 


C E Kacer 


708 


Nicholas Petres 


709 


Herman Bartlett 


712 


A F Reidy 


712 


F R Albro 


713 


J W Edwards 


713 


P J Coogan 


717 


M J Conway 


719 


F C Nelson 


720 


J H Bell 


801 


C G Rudd 


723 


J W Spencer 


802 


Louis Sagert 


801 


Martin Ballman 


805 


T C Kennedy 


807 


F L Currier 


809 


Joseph Newton 


F 


N. ROSS & 


s 


f\mm STATE BOARD OF 

1 1 M HEALTH LICENSE 222 


Ui 


^^^ phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Smith SGrauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP oJ^ois THAT'S ALL 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 171 




THIRD AV. WEST. 


G34 


R D Hunter 


304 


Ralph Morehouse 


712 


Theodore Roder 


440 


Matthew Beitzel 


720 


W N Jones 


446 


W J Coombes 






448 


Christopher Klotzbach 




FIFTH AV. WEST. 


613 


Mrs. Mary Monahan 










15 


W B Simon 


619 


Oscar Krauel 










25 


Theodore Anderson 


622 


J M Chase 






623 


G M Steggall 


31 


J B Cole 


624 


David Derflinger 


33 


William Corry 






102 


Charles Hausner 


629 


F C Matzal 






638 


D T Donahue 


103 


Edward Brown 


702 


P C Lindstrom 


108 


A J Shadle 


706 


T H Gill 


110 


H L Wcodhouse 


710 


J L Hyde 


115 


W S Brown 


720 


Mrs C S Wood 


122. 


E W Hare 


800 


Allen Pereday 


123 


R B McChesney 


801 


Peter Nickels 


203 


C C Klinger 


810 


A Rossen 


20C: 


Henry Werdel 


814 


Herman Hensch 


211 


Christopher Burgom 


820 


Benj Benson 


213 


W A Speed 






21G 
219 


Fred Brace 






S L Bellis 




FOURTH AV. WEST. 


232 


C E Heath 


112 


Charles Graham 


312 


J S Driscoll 


124 


J H Hindle 


311 


James Larson 


128 


Orlando Richards, E Richards 


500 


A A Erickson 


132 


J T Bradley 


G16 


B J Mcuire 


136 


J E Graham 


G20 


Joseph Ferry 


140 


Edward Baird 


624 


Charles Waldahl 


144 


Amy K Rogers 


G28 


Gustave Buchholz 


154 


James Dixon 


632 


Nicholas Trosen 


606 


J R Ouimet 


63G 


John Linney 


618 


Elmer Kirkpatrick, John Kirk- 
patrick 


851 


E A Shippy 






622 


W J Nathem, N W Henderson 




SIXTH AV. WEST. 


630 


H L Morrison 


20 


F W Stebbins 


B 


ELL & RIGHA 


R[ 


1 X phone: q 8 



Evening Parties a Specialty. 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 



1 


IIL II UU GENTS' FOOTWEAR 


^^ 




DT D 










172 


OELWEIN STREI 


IRECTORY. 


103 


John Gruver 


215 


G F Warren 


206 


E L Norene 


238 


F R White 


208 


H M Michels 


306 


Charles Ehrenfeld 


214 


John Barger 


309 


James Damon 


216 


W S Burland 


319 


W G Moore 


217 


Otto Kammos 


329 


J C McLaury 


230 


S Fox 






238 


Fred Holubar 










104 


NINTH AV. WEST. 






John Kleiman 




SEVENTH AV. WEST. 


105 


Anthony Schmillen 


106 


R E Barton 


107 


G W Eno 


108 


L R Steggall 


212 


C L Tripp 


109 


L W Obenchain 


218 


Jesse Wright 


111 


B S Schrack 


224 


Harry Ward 


114 


William Law 


225^ 


Dudley Perry 


127 


William Wood 


312 


Victor Censer 


201 


P J Miller 


318 


Michael Berger 


202 


William Holubar 


327 


Harriet Polsue 


205 


F E Campbell 
Harry Levett 






207 




210 


P O Anderson 




TENTH AV. 


216 


Oscar Howell 


101 


Hartwell Hawkins 


223 


P M Riche 


219 


Barney Kleimann 


225 


L G Lilley 


220 


Emma Uhl 


233 


G C Oliver 


222 


R M Ingersoll 


234 


John Morrow 
Dennis Edwards 






242 








12 


ELEVENTH AV. WEST. 






J F Welbes 




EIGHTH AV. WEST. 










303 


Frank Acord 


104 


J A Lawrence 
F C Lowe 






111 




115 


Henry Menuey 




STICKNEY BOULEVARD. 


204 


J J Obenchain 


6 


C M King 


206 


Godfrey Rembold 


211 


Jesse F Rulon 


211 


W N Barr 


213 


Addie Dunham 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Purs 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water j* ^ j» .^ 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



173 





FIRST ST. WEST. 




THREE 1/2 ST. WEST. 


4 


Loeb & Co 


515 


E G Spear 


7 


W F Gremmels 


516 


John Lofstdt 


10 


Ideal Restaurant 


518 


D E Moody 


10 Va 


P T Birmingham 

Wm Lingelbacti, Labor Hall, 


575 


Park Side School 


12 






Small Hall 
Graham Bros 




FOURTH ST. WEST. 


13 


107 


Protestant Cemetery 


14 


M G McGimsey 


108 


Catholic Cemetery 


18 


Wb Lingelbach 


221 


A B Gage 


19 


G A Oelwein 


234 


S C Klotzbach 


29 


Park Hotel 






100 


Jackman & Nolan, Eagles Hall 


FOURTH ST. 3RD AVENUE WEST. 


105 


H E Inman 
S G Schlette 




Ralph Morehouse 


111 










41/2 ST. WEST. 


201 


R B Gilman 










205 


Michael Conley 


218 


Kint Lumber Co. 










206 


C P Race 


220 


Oelwein Farmers' Creamery 










209 


Jonas Johnson 


222 


Oelwein Steam Feed Mill 










212 


H R Potter 


529 


A F Becker 










215 


J E Smith 


905 


John Weaver 






907 


W A Crawford 


216 


A I Le Grange 






219 


William Lewis 


1007 


James Reed 










225 


Griffith Evans 






227 


Eva W^illerton 






230 


Lydia Towslee 




SECOND ST. WEST. 


231 


Frank Mason 


14 


Peter Menotti 


233 


J C McDermott 


18 


Wm Sheldon 


235 


Matthew Hannan, H N Schaefer 


105 


Great Western Freight 


241 


C E McDonnell 


515 


Minnie Becker 


303 


C H Schrack 


721 


Thos Farrell 


307 


C F Wagner 






309 
314 


William Weatherby 






Edward Kuhns 




THIRD ST. WEST. 


315 


J E Vannest 






322 


Louis Starry 


417 


Edward Olmstead 


326 


Frank Kress 



^' ^ ^ ^ ALL ROADS LJ&AD TO ^i» ^ V» ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Colonial" ^( m 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer >^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 




174 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



41/2 


ST. WEST & 5TH AVE. WEST. 


400 


H L Arthurs 




W H Hatch 


410 


C A Puff 






420 


Wm Hanken 




SIXTH ST. WEST. 


430 


Ernest Schwidder 


13 


W A Marshall 


513 


Thomas Buck 


14 


R M Abbott 


517 


L E Frakes 


19 
23 


Mrs Augusta Brandau 
Frank McGourty 


521 


J E Fortier, J W A Fortier 






24 


Wm O'Brien 




EIGHTH WEST. 


27 


T Monshaw 


315 


L A Held 


100 


Edward Gallagher 


3G4 


E H Richards 


103 


John Powers 


421 


Wm Hulbert 


104 


John Klotzbach 


451 


G W Russell 


112 


Edward Blood 


464 


Fred W Harms 


121 


Wm Paul 


510 


T J Wagner 


125 


George Alton 


548 


William Mitchell 


200 


Bernard Bettendorf 


552 


Mrs Jane Hughson 


207 


R J McDonnell 


602 


W W Gay 


208 


J G Mickels 


610 


George Bennett 


215 


John Eggert 


620 


Jacob Bennett 


224 


E L Borland 
W M Doran 






238 








102 


TENTH ST. WEST. 




SEVENTH ST. WEST. 


Frank Gerstenberger, Edward 

Galvin 
Gilson, 1st outside limits 


6 


Frank McCarron 


Ben.i 


22 


J F Wallish 


Ludwig Schneider, 2nd outside limits 


45 


Sacred Heart School 


W J 


Boyd. 3rd outside limits 


108 


John Donahue 


D T 


Howard, 4th outside limits 


113 


Mrs. Mary Welch 


J B 


Eller, 5th outside limits 


117 


Wilfred Guite 


Mrs. 


Fredericka Dreyer, 6th outside 


118 


T H Morrison 


limits. 


121 


Joseph Rubly 
John Gallagher 






201 










FOURTH WARD. 


209 


B' T Marsh 






31G 


Mrs Julia Thiele 




FIRST AV. SOUTH. 


318 


W H Bloom 


14 


W G Fettgether, S K Hazlet 



PBH HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleanings Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 





OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 175 


16 


The Exchange 




SECOND AV. SOUTH. 


24 


C L Haering 










5 


J E Cheney 


25 


G W Jamison 






26 


John Bennett 


9 


A I Roberts, Mrs S E White 


13 


L N Haskins 


28-30 W A Boyack 






112 


Ray Ball, Mrs M L Huntington 


17 


A S Todd 


118 


H M Shomer 


21 


H L Harter 


122 


W E Shaklee 


25 


G H Kennedy 






29 


H B Arnold 


126 


T F Donlin 






236 


J T Bishop 


33 


B E Hough 


302 


P J Miles 


36 


St Mary's Episcopal Church 


305 


Benj McQueen 


37 


J H Burns 


309 


Fred Underwood 


111 


M J Martin 


313 


C H Benson 


117 


F A Cragin 


314 


G A Mayfield 


121 


L A McAllister, Robert Ritchie 


317 


W B McQueen 


125 


C L Heath 






127 


Mrs Eleanor Jeffords 


320 


George Jackson & Co 






321 


Myron E Damon 


131 


John Steggner, John Dorset^ 


321 


Myron Damon 




Adam Smith 


324 


C G W Stockyards 


133 


Alexander Lundstrom 


325 


W E Sanders 


137 


J B Hutton 


325 


Rear, W E Sanders 


209 


G L Ives 


440 


Lewis Olsen 


213 


Christian Sonderburg 


444 


Bernard McGuire 


217 


Mrs Etta G Deyo 


502 


J D Woodward 


221 


Martin Siegel 


503 


Frank Kirkpatrick 


225 


M P Dwyer 


508 


W J Hanna 


229 


Harry Shaw 


600 


Charles McLaughlin 


233 


S F Queeney 


601 


N F Hodgdon 


710 


H H Flinn 


607 


John McDonough 


740 


George Sharp 


611 


John Lennon 


743 


F G Roesch, Aloisia Schedl 


613 


W H Lonie, W H Mereness 


744 


W H Miller 


614 


H D Head 


746 


C N Pollock 


617 


P L Butler 


758 


R C Lewis 


618 


W C Ruddlesdin 


802 


W M Larghe 


619 


O P Jones 


1002 


E S Wine 


628 


A B Koile 


1080 


Samuel Kimball 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



K^l W. G. FETTKETHER 

600(1 Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



1-14 FIRST avenue: SOUTHi 



176 


OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 




THIRD AV. SOUTH. 


515 


Martin Cannon 






520 


Alexander Reall 


11 


Marcus Lienau 


531 


Frank Jilek 


14 


G H Schlumbohm 


619 


Frank Harper 


18 


Mrs M J Grimwood 


620 


James Rybicka 


22 


J B Green 
Central School 






25 




26 


M C Parker 




FOURTH AV. SOUTH. 


30 


G A Stahl 


10 


T F Baldridge 


100 


J C Shambaugh 


11 


James Nicol 


109 


H W Etzkorn 


15 


J W Knight 


110 


L J Peterson 


IG 


Henry Gremmels 


112 


Maurice Taylor 


19 


J H Meyer 


113 


C J Cooney 


20 


R P Hardy 


116 


H J Luthmers 


24 


I M Holmes 


117 


C H Wallace 


25 


Zion's German Evangelical Luth- 


120 


Emil Zenft 




eran Church 


126 


Peter Schmillen 


28 


S G Sparks 


128 


M E Shomer 


31 


G J Zeilinger 


129 


E G Pleimling 


32 


G L Stebbins 


134 


J E Riddle 


37 


J P Mahra 


137 


E M Henderson 


39 


P F Graff 


200 


J King 


40 


Mrs. Janette Burrow, "V V Par- 


201 


Edward Stevens 




sons 


210 


Mrs Annie L Riley 


102 


Mrs M A Cross 


217 


D C Carter 


103 


A C Schaefer 


218 


James Tarr 


105 


D E Taylor 


221 


Anthony Schumacher 


106 


W E Fordyce 


222 


A W Sipes 


109 


E F Luthmers 


226 


T N James 


110 


Charles Moyle 


227 


W B Doran 


112 


M A Hoag, C U Marsh 


230 


L E Harthill 


116 


R C Ferguson 


231 


J H Parker 


119 


A A Williams 


234 


James McCrone 


123 


Henry Churchill 


235 


G B Morgan 


124 


Anthony Lippert 


509 


E A Baker 


129 


Frank Esterly 


514 


Wm Cairns 


133 


J J Hardy 



J. W. RIDLER 

^.M MANAGER OPERA HOUSE ^^ 



%" A. C. "WILSON i!SJ 





^^^ D/\/\1^o ^-B 






^^ijOOIkr 


» 

BT E 






OELWBIN STRE 


)IRECTORY. 177 


136 F W Gerhart 


, 14 


Mrs N H Risk 


137 Eriek Larson 


i 


16 


R L Spicer 


201 George Gregory 




17 


J F Gallagher 


203 D T Corkery 




21 


S L Johnson 


209 Edwin Hacking 




24 


J C Becher 


210 J M Carlson 




27 


Christopher Bahe 


213 G E Wolters 


. 


33 


Edson Perry 


214 G H Warn 




34 


Henry Kuhrke 


217 W S Ayers 




37 


Loran Risk, Mrs. M A Harrington 


218 M B Bing 




103 


J J Malnsnar 


222 Oscar Elfstrom 




107 


Ralph Wood 


223 A S Ladd 




108 


Matheas Hath 


225 Wm Kappmeyer 




110 


G A McLean 


229 C F Kaiser 




111 


S W Taylor 


230 J A Schoerner 




114 


George Schaller 


302 E Kint 




116 


H E Kalm 


304 J C Glenn 




117 


G W Rupert 


313 N R Marsh 




120 


V S Wilson 


315 J W Clark 




124 


S R Munger, H L Ellet 


322 F J Braun 




127 


Willard Mosher 


323 August Baumgartner 


128 


M J Gleason 


327 Mrs Anna Schuchmann 


131 


W B Rosser 


30 A D Patterson 




133 


Thomas King 


410 T C Barclay 




137 


A O Tiffany 


510 W B Powers 




138 


H A Richman 


511 Thomas Tanta 




201 


John Obencham 


540 W H Luebbe 




205 


Otto H Heinze 


623 Earl Jacoby 




206 


John Lee 


625 W- M Morris 




209 


J H B'ushhusen 


654 C F Rogers 




210 


F M Hammond 


655 A H Glazier 




213 


Wm Reed 






214 


Albert Zenft 






219 


Wm Clark 


FIFTH AV. 


SOUTH. 










220 


L W Brownell, Lorin Colton 


7 W P Chrysler 




317 


A J Buberl 


10 T G Chase 




322 


Christ Sonnenberg 


11 R S Fox 




326 


E L Roberts 


CLOTHIERS TO 


HIS MAJES' 


rJML 


THE mimn CITIZEN 



BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan Sc Gosse 

phone: 50. no. 12 FIRST ST. SOUXH 



178 




OELWEIN 


STREET DIRECTORY. 


330 


H B Gilbert 




100 


Citizens Lumber Cc 


408 


Wylie Meharry 




120 


Chicago Rock Island & racitic 
Freight Depot 




SIXTH AV. SOUTH. 


130 


Mrs Isabelle Hough, Charles 










Schroeder 


7 


C H Rohrig 




202 


M O Hook 


14 


J B Doctor 




215 


J S Sayles 


15 


Edward Heise 




221 


Wm Refsnider 


22 


L J Doctor 




304 


Mrs Jennie O'Brien 


28 


Fred Zatsch 




306 


Harry Walton 


42 


J C Becker 




417 


Nute Yarrington 


109 


J A Bittorf 
Hans Thompson 








112 


SECOND STREET SOUTH. 


124 


Fred Ganatz 




13 


Arthur C Phillips 


128 


W A Lux 




15 


J D Cowley 


131 


E S Mihlhime 




16 


Cole & King Bros, James Can- 


132 


Mrs Jennie Mouser 






non 


133 


Swan Berg 




208 


W C Wortman 


200 


A R Collins 




210 


Henry Harthill 








212 


W F Sarset 




SEVENTH AV. SOUTH. 


214 


J R Arnold 


14 


D S Hillman 




216 


George Becker 


28 


Adam Linton 




218 


A E Lucas 


36 


Frank Oglesby 




221 


James Mealey 


203 


H E Clark 




520 


A M Odell 


205 


J A Myers 








501 


G B Montgomery 


rn. 


18 
108 


THIRD ST. SOUTH. 
W R Baxter 




FIRST ST. SOUT 


Mrs Hattie Brown 








607 


John Callahan 


9 


Mrs Mate Downing 
Mack Hotel 








11 












FOURTH ST. SOUTH. 


12 


Kernahan & Gosse 








15 


C A Sager 
Becker's Livery 




422 


J T Hedrick 


22 




25 


Grace Methodist 


Episcopal 




SIXTH ST. SOUTH. 




Church 




140 


Charles Larson 


F 


N Rfl.^ 


.<J A. 


fj 


AAI STATE BOARD O? 
1 1 m HEALTH LICENSE 222 



phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



OBLWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 



179 



142 R J South 



SEVENTH ST. SOUTH. 
151 James Payne 
324 Joseph Klimes 
407 W L Powers 
412 J T Lavalette 



TWELFTH SOUTH. 
123 Samuel Steggall 





130 


John Weidner 




150 


Ernest Underwood 




154 


Fred Sonnonberg 




161 


J H Miller 
SIXTEENTH ST. SOUTH. 




124 


N B Ross 




130 


Tenda Miller 




B%Ls HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



180 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



>N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor 



OELWEIN STREET DIRECTORY. 




FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRIN6 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



^tOUTH FREDERICK' 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG GO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water j^ ^ jf- ^ 



PAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



181 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY 



1906- 1907 



ALPHA. 



Abbot, Jet, fmr 

Abbott, P. G., fmr 

Abbot, Walter, fmr 

Beach, C. N., buttermaker. 

Bent, Mrs 

Broadbent, Albert, Ibr 

Carr, C. F., mer 

Carr, M. F., mer 

Clark, Hiram, fmr 

Clark, Hiram P., Ibr 

Clark, Jas., fmr 

Clark, S. L., Ibr 

Clark, Seth, fmr 

Clark, Wm. O., fmr 

Conklin, H. F., fmr 

Conklin, J. E 

Davis, Almond, hdwe 

Davis, A. E., Ibr 

Davis, A. & Son, bksmth.. 

Davis, H. P., fmr 

Davis, R. D., blksmth 

Dickens, Mrs 

Dungey, Albert, fmr 

Dungey, Hubert, fmr 

Finch, A. A., m!r 

Finch, Ed., Ibr 

Pinch, Eugene, gardner. . . 
Finch, Job, mlr 



Pinch, Minor, mason , 

Finch, Theron, mason 

Gager, Aimer E., mer 

Gager Bros,, merts 

Gager, Ernest R., mer 

Gager, John T., retired fmr.. 

Gager, Sarah 

Holton, Clair, fmr 

Holton, Miles, fmr 

Johnson, Ed., Ibr 

Johnson, E. P., miller 

Johnson, Mrs. L. A., retired. 

Johnson, M. A 

Johnson, Voltaire, p. o 

Niewoehner, Henry, fmr 

Patterson, J. A., salesman... 

Patterson, James, Ibr 

Patterson, W., Ibr 

Patterson, Vv^. R., fmr 

Pierce, Prank, fmr 

Pierce, George, fmr 

Perwinkle, Aug., fmr 

Robinson, Clara G., nurse... 

Rogers, Eliza, retired 

Rogers, Joseph, fmr 

Schnor, Earl, fmr 

Sheldon, Laura M., rest 

Sheldon, Ray, Ibr , 

Stokes, C. S., fmr 

Thelman, Fred, fmr 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



lid Colonial" ^ m 

F. H. TOUSLEY. ManufacturBr >^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



182 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Waterworth, John, fmr . 

West, Frank 

West, Tom., fmr 



ARLINTON. 



Abbott,, Melissa, housekeeper.. 

Abel, Chas., fmr 

Abies, Mrs 

Addle, Andi-ew, rtd 

Ainsworth, Frank, jwlr 

Ainsworth, S. M 

Ainsworth, T. N 

Albright, Albert 

Allen, Anna, housekeeper 

Allen, D. B 

Allen, E. D., rest 

Allen, Maggie, housekeeper 

Anderman, Fred, fmr 

Anderman, Fred, fmr 

Anderman, Henry, fmr 

Anderman, Lewis . 

Anderson, A., eng 

Anderson, Anna, housekeeper. . . 
Anderson, Wm. E., mail carrier. 

Andrae, Charles 

Andrea, Conrad, fmr 

An twine, Joe, Ibr 

Antwine, Vern, Ibr 

Arbuckle, A., fmr 

Asmus, Frank 

Asmus, Fred, fmr 

Asmus, Gustave 

Averill, Mirt, Ibr 

Averill, W. E . 

Aver, O. O,, Dr ." . 



B 



Bachtel, Elmer, bksmth. 



Ball, Fred, fmr 

Ball, J., fmr 

Barnes, Frania, housekeeper. 

Barnes, Lewis, elec 

Barrett, M. N., fmr 

Bassett, Mrs. C. J 

Bassett, Ed., fmr 

Bates, Anna, dressmaker 

Bates, Geo. A., fmr 

Bates, G. C, mer 

Bates, Nora E., housekeeper. . 

Baumgartner, A., fmr_ 

Bawack, Fred, fmr 

Beckwith, J. M., fmr 

Benson, Geo 

Bills, Mary E., fmr , . . . 

Bingham, Thankful 

Bird, A. R., jwlr 

Birrer, Jos., fmr 

Bissell, J. E., fmr 

Blanchard, J. A _ 

Boekenheuer, Fred, fmr 

Bond, Charles 

Bond, Eugene, fmr 

Bond, N. L., fmr _ 

Bond, Robert 

Boots, Clarence, Ibr 

Boots, M. E., Ibr 

Bower, C. E., physician 

Bower, Harriett, hkpr 

Bowers, M. H., mason 

Boyd, J. F., fmr 

Boyer, E. P., painter . . 

Brandenburgh, Warn, fmr . . . 

Brockmeyer, D., fmr 

Brockmeyer, Herman, fmr. . . 

Brockmeyer, J. D., fmr 

Brockmeyer, Rosa 

Brooks, Earl, fmr. 

Burgett, Delos 

Burgett, Geo 

Burgett, Wm., fmr 



?m HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & GRAUER, JaJ|n|-3 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Burns, Charles 

Burrock, Fred, fmr. . . . 
Burrock, Geo., fmr.... 
Buschhusen, Fred, fmr 
Bushnell, I. N., fmr... 



Cummings, H. B., fmr. 
Cummings, Lula B.... 

Currie, W. L., fmr 

Curtis, Henry, Ibr 

Cushion, Albert, Ibr... 
Cushion, Charles, Ibr. . 
Cushion, Wm., Ibr.... 



Cammack, C. W., fmr..., 
Cammack, L. L., fmr.... 
Cammack, Sam, fmr.... 
Campbell, Alpha, fmr... 
Campbell, Clarence, fmr_ 
Campbell, E. A., fmr. . . . 

Canine, James 

Canine, Martin, rtd 

Canine, W. R., Ibr 

Carnall, C. S., fmr. 

Carothers, John, mason . 

Carpenter, J. H., fmr 

Carpenter, J. W., fmr.... 

Caudle, M. H., fmr 

Cavanaugh, Phil., Ibr. . . . . 

Chapman, James 

Chittendon, F. S., fmr 

Clark, Bird, fmr. . . 

Clark, Charles " 

Cheeseman, George, fmr.. 
Clendemier, Jane, widow. 

Clough, George, fmr 

Cook, James 

Corbin, H., fmr 

Cordes, AVm 

Cornelius, F. B. r. r 

Courtright, Julia A 

Cousins, Levi, fmr 

Crawford, H. H., fmr 

Crawford, James, Jr 

Crawford, J. R. Sr., fmr.. 

Crawford, M. F 

Crawford, Nina 

Crawford, Ross, fmr 

Crawford, W. V., fmr 

Cronk, James, Ibr 

Culver, Charles, fmr 

Culver, John, fmr 



Daily, Alta 

Daniels, John O., fmr... 

Davidson, Robert 

Davis, A. J., fmr 

Davis, John E., fmr 

Davis, J. M., Ibr 

Davis, John R., fmr 

Deming, Chauncey, fmr. 

Deming, C. M 

Deming, George ' 

Dempster, James, fmr. . 
Dempster, W. J., fmr. . . . 
Derflinger, Archibald . . . 

Detrick, Jay, fmr 

Dexter, Clara .^ 

Dexter, John, fmr 

Doane, G. L., fmr 

Doerflier, Magdalena . . . . 
Dwello, P. N., preacher.. 



Bckhert, C. F., clerk 

Eckhert, Frederica 

Eckhart, D. G., fmr 

Echhart, George, fmr 

Eckhart, George, fmr 

Eckhart, Will, fmr 

Eckhart, Willard, Ibr 

Edwards, L. S., butter mkr. 

Engelman, Henry, fmr 

Ewing, Elizabeth 

Ewing, Robert 



Falck, Fred, fmr 



BELL & RICHARDS 



183 



phone: q 8, 



PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



W. G. FETTKET 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



eOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHOKE 32 



184 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Falck, Lawrence, fmr. . . 

Falck, Theodore 

Faust, H. P., fmr 

Ferguson, James, fmr... 

Ferguson, Wm 

Fink, Carl, fmr 

Finney, C. N., tmstr 

Finney, Floyd 

Finney, Mrs. S 

Fish, Alpha, Ibr 

Fish, Lee 

Fish, Sarah, fmr 

Fleming, John, fmr 

Flowers, C. E., fmr 

Flower, H. E. Jr 

Flower, H. E. Sr 

Flowers, Henry Sr., fmr. 

Flowers, J. M., fmr 

Folsom, Mary 

Fortney, Frank, fmr 

Fortney, George, fmr.... 
Fossnight, Charles, fmr, 

Fossnight, N. D., fmr 

Foster, Allen, fmr 

Foster, Allen, Sr., fmr. . 

Foster, Jessie • . . . 

Foster, Thomas, fmr... 
Foster, W. A;, clerk.... 

Fox, A. W., fmr 

Fox, Charles 

Fox, David, fmr 

Fox, George H., fmr 

Frame, Lewis, Ibr 

Frame, S. S., fmr...... 

Frederick, Charles, fmr. , 

Frederick, G. W . . 

Freeman, George 



Gable, J. F., rtd 

Gable, Wm., fmr 

Gallaher, D. J., fmr. . . . 

Gamm, Leonard 

Gladwin, Alice, tchr. . . , 
Gladwin, John, Jr., fmr. 



Gladwin, John, Sr., R. F. D. 

Gladwin, Joseph, fmr 

Gladwin, O. C, fmr 

Gladwin, Sarah, tchr 

Gleim, Fred, rtd 

Gleim, George, fmr 

Gleim, Jos., rtd 

Gleime, L. G. fmr 

Glime, Oscar, fmr 

Gleime, W. C, rtd 

Gleime, W. H., undertaker.. 

Goodspeed, August, bbr 

Gordon, David, mcht 

Gordon, Lewis, fmr 

Gordon, W. H. 

Gotham, Mrs. L. C 

Grapes, T. B., livestock.... 

Graybill, Wm., Ibr 

Groat, John 

Groat, Sarah 



H 

Haberzeth, Anton, fmr. 

Hall, Albert, fmr 

Hall, Pauline, fmr 

Hall, Roy 

Hall, Wallace, fmr.... 

Hall, W. J. fmr 

Halstead, R. E., fmr. . . 
Halstead, Rufus, tmr. . 
Halstead, Walter, fmr. 

Hammis, M. L ■. . 

Harkin, C. H., fmr.... 
Harkins, Wm., fmr..., 
Harris, Joseph, fmr.... 
Hart, Orpha, dom .... 
Hatcher, John, mason. 

Hawn, M. (est.) 

Haxton, Catherine .... 
Haxton, Frank C, rtd. 
Haxton, James, fmr... 

Haxton, Wm. E 

Hayes, Ross, hotel.... 
Heartzman, John, fmr 
Heath, D. E., fmr 



^^ SECURE DATES EARLY AT jSj* 




idler's 





w A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



K 



Heath, Frank, tmstr 

Heath, Phila 

Heerin, Michael, fmr 

Heller, Wm 

Hendrickson, George, tmstr.. 

Hendrlckson, Mary E 

Hendrickson, Paul, tmstr 

Herren, Henry, fmr 

Herrin, Michael, fmr 

Hertzman, Frank, fmr 

Hertzman, Ferdinand H., fmr 

Hertzman, John, fmr 

Hetzel, Fred, fmr 

Hetzel, George, fmr 

Hibbard, Susan M 

Hibbard, R. N., R. F. D 

Hicks, J. M., fmr 

Hill, C. A., fmr 

Hill, George, rtd 

Hill, Herbert, engr 

Hoffman, Ed., fmr , ^. „^ ^.^ ,^ 

tt . . . T TUT • King, W. W., renter 

Hoismgton, L. W ; ^'^T' aeovze fmr 

Holmes, Charles, fmr Knapp, George^ imr 

Hoover, J. O. rtd 

Hoskins, J. H., preacher 

House, Ellen 

House, Wm., harness... 

Howard, J. B., rtd 

Howland, Eugene, fmr \^„„a^ 

Huffman, J. T., fmr K^^^^' i^^^l^^. 

Hughes, C. B., attorney 

Hulderson, A., Ibr 

Hulderson, Mary 

Huhphrey, H. J., fmr.. 

Hummel, Mark, fmr 

Hunter, John, Ibr 

Hunter, Joseph, fmr. . . 
Hunter, Henry, Ibr. . . . 
Hunter, Robert, carp... 
Hyde, Alfred, fmr 



James Lilly 

Jewell, B'. D., mcht 

Jewell, C. H 

Jewell & Moyer, hdwe. . 

Jewett, Walter, fmr 

Johnson, Albert, fmr... 
Johnson, Richard, fmr. 



Kamper, J. H., fmr. . . 

Keith, Alice E 

Keith, J. R., mkm 

Kenyon. W. S., hotel, 
Kershaw, John, fmr.. 
Kershaw, T. H., fmr. 
Keve, J. F., lumber . 

Keve Lbr. Co 

King, Fred, fmr 

King, Herman 

King, Janet 



Knapp, M. C, fmr. 
Koehler, Charles . . . 
Kray, George, fmr. . 
Kray, Henry, fmr... 
Kreamer, John, fmr. 
Krug, Fred, fmr 



Kuney, Frank, gnl. mdse. 

Kuney, Lillian 

Kuney, L. C, mcht 

Kuney, W. H., gen mdse. 



Lackey, M. H., wgnmkr. 

Lake, Nora 

Lake, W. F., newspaper. 



Syde: George: liverV •.•.•.•.'.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.■.■.■ Lamphier Loyal, lbr 
xtL. t.,,. Lang, L E., fmr..... 



Hvde, Jane 
Hyde, Wm., lbr 



James, Lewis, rtd. 



Lanser, Hubert, fmr. 
Lathrop, G. L., fmr. 
Lathrop, S. H., fmr. 
Lawrence, Cordelia 



185 



^ ^ ^ ^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO vp ^ ^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Kernahan & Gosse I m^ 



PK0?;E 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers • • • • 



186 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Lawrence, F. R , mcht 

Leibundguth, Mary 

Leonhart, Michael, fmr 

Leonhart, Philip, fmr 

Lickiss, G. A 

Lickiss & Lawrence, gnl. mdse. 

Lickiss, Leona 

Lickiss, L. L., clerk 

Lickiss, Perry, fmr 

Lickiss, P. D., fmr 

Lickiss, Sarah J 

Lindner, Marg 

Lindweal, Fred, fmr 

Little, Anna L., photo 

Little, Harriett, millnr 

Little, J. H., cooper , 

Little, W. A., fmr 

Livingstone, Frank, Ibr 



Mc 



McCabe, Wm 

McClarrinon. Benj., fmr 

McClarrinon, John, fmr 

McClarrinon, Walter, teacher. 
McConnell, James, blksmth... 

McCrea, John, fmr -. 

McDannell, .John, Dr 

McDonald, J. R., rtd 

McFarland, John, fmr 

McFarlane, William, fmr 

McLaine, Bird, Ibr 

McLean, Albert, fmr 

McLean, G. E., bartender 

McMillan, Mrs. H., hkpr 

McQuay, John, fmr 



M 



Manchester, Charles, fmr.... 
Manchester, Ellsworth, fmr. 
Manchester, Wm. B., fmr..., 

Manson, A. C. fmr 

Marcelles, John, trav agt. . . . 

Maser, Albert, fmr 

Maser, George, fmr 



Maser, Jacob, fmr 

Maser, Mathias, fmr 

Maser, Wm., fmr 

Maxwell, Emily 

Maxwell, Solomon 

Meisgeier, Charles, fmr 

Meisgeier, Herman, fmr 

Meisgeier, J. H., fmr 

Meisgeier, L. F., fmr 

Menges, Joseph, rtd 

Menges, Henry, fmr...-. 

Menges, Peter, fmr 

Mercelles, Mary '. 

Metcalf, E. K., fmr 

Miller, A. D., painter 

Miller, A. W., fmr 

Miloslosky & Gordon, gnl. mdse, 

Miloslosky, Jacob 

Mitchell, L. E., fmr 

Moine, Clemen, fznr 

Moine, E. D., fmr 

Monie, Hall, fmr 

Monie, Maria 

Montz, J. J. bksmth 

Moore, T. J., Ibr 

Morley, Wm, rtd 

Morley, Wm. A 

Moser, Fred S., fmr 

Meyer, Caroline, rtd 

Meyer, D. H., hdwe & mchy 

Murphy, Alice 



N 

Nace, Will, Jr., fmr 

Nace, Wm., Sr., Ibr 

Newton, Robert, Ibr 

Newton, Roy, painter.... 
Nichols, Ernest, pool hall. 

Noble, Wm., fmr 

Noi'thrup, V. D. fmr 

Nils. August, fmr 

Nus, Charles, fmr 

Nus, Ernest, fmr 

Nus, Frank 

Nus, Harman, fmr 



VISIT- 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 2 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP jiwBtaJ THAT'S ALL 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



187 



Nus, Henry | Probasco, Joseph L., fmr. 

Nus, Hugo, fmr I Putnam, Elliott, fmr 

Nus, Louis, fmr j 

Nus, Richard, fmr i Q 



Oldfather, Adam, fmr... 
Oldfather, Frank, fmr... 
Oldfather, George, fmr. . 
Oldfather, Joseph, fmr.. 
Oldfather, Martin, fmr.. 
Oldfather, Richard, fmr. 
Oppeeman, Wm., fmr.... 
Otterback, John, fmr. . . . 
Oviatt, S. T., furniture.. 



Palmer, D. D., atty 

Palmer, Henry, rtd 

Palmer, L. J., pntr 

Parker, Charles T., fmr. . . . 
Patterson, John E., fmr... 

Pattison, R. M., fmr 

Paul, Herbert, fmr 

Peck, James, fmr 

Peeper, Dow, fmr 

Perkins, Andrew, fmr 

Perkins, Ida C, housewife. 

Perkins, Reuben, fmr 

Peterman, Charles, fmr... 
Peterman, Joseph, fmr. . . . 

Pfranger, Albert, fmr 

Phillips, Earl 

Phillip, Goodell, Ibr 

Phillips, Orin, rtd 

Phillips, Wm., fmr 

Pieplow, Fred, fmr 

Pierce, Jesse, fmr 

Pierstorff, Christ., fmr.... 

Powell, Henry 

Powell, John 



Quitmeyer, A. J., fmr 

Quitmeyer, Henry, fmr 

Quitmeyer, Noble, drayman. 



Rau, Frank, Sr., fmr 

Rau, Frank, Jr., fmr 

Rau, Joseph, fmr 

Rawson, Guy L., tchr 

Rawson, J. D., fmr 

Rawson, J. E., fmr 

Rawson, O. S., fmr 

Rawson, Walter, lumber 

Rawson, W. O., Ibr 

Reiniets, Wm., fmr 

Retz, Jacob, fmr 

Rice, Mrs. Samuel, widow 

Richards, Everett, fmr 

Richards, Walter, fmr 

Rittenhouse, Amos, rl est 

Rittenhouse, L. G., Ibr 

Rittenhouse, Martha, housewife. 

Robbins, H. J., barb 

Roberts, Alfred, fmr 

Roe, C. B., rtd 

Rogers, Phoebe A., \/idow 

Ross, James, fmr 

Rowell, J. H. drayman 

Roys, Benj., fmr 

Rulison, Charles, brmmkr 

Rupp, Fred, fmr 

Rutherford, Robert, blksmth 



Powell, AVm., mcht ; St. John, David, fmr. 

Presnell, Ella, wife St. John, Frank, fmr. . 

Presnell, John, ptr St. John, F. L., fmr. 

Prideaux. Harley, fmr : Schafer, George, fmr. 

Prideaux, Thos., fmr : Schafer, Henry 



BELL & 
RICHARDS 



HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



—^h PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



188 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Scheffler, August, fmr 

Scheffler, Leopold, fmr 

Schlumbohm, John, fmr 

Schoeppe, Herman, btchr 

Schug, Albert, fmr 

Schwartz, John, fmr 

Schwartz, Lewis, fmr 

Seedorff, Ernest, fmr 

Seedorff, Mrs. Fred 

Seedorff, John M., fmr 

Seedorif, John, Sr., fmr 

Seedorff, Lewis, fmr 

Seedorff, Noble, fmr 

Seedorff, Wm., fmr 

Semm, Fred, fmr 

Shaffer, Frank, fmr 

Shaffer, Gerd., fmr 

Shaffer, Joseph, fmr 

Shambaugh, Charles, rtd 

Shambaugh, Jacob, fmr 

Shambaugh, Jas., fmr 

Shambaugh, Tillie E., housewife 

Sherman, Wm., fmr 

Shesler, Albert, fmr 

Shippy, Algie, fmr 

Shippy, Roy, fmr 

Shippy, Wilber, fmr. 

Shops, John, fmr 

Shriver, George, rtd 

Shriver, Levi, fmr 

Shriver, Thos., fmr 

Struckman, Julius, fmr 

Shultz, Linda, dsmkr 

Shumway, Myrtle, housewife 

Shumway, Walter, drugs 

Silha, John, Ibr 

Sillig, August, fmr 

Sillig, Mary, housewife 

Simpson, George, Jr., grain, coal, etc 
Simpson, George, Sr., grain, coal & e 

Smith, Charles, fmr 

Smith, C. W., fmr 

Smith, Frank, carp 

Smith, G. E., fmr 

Smith, Henry, fmr 

Smith, Jacob, fmr 



Smith, James, fmr 

Smith, Orin, carp 

SmJth, Wm. V., fmr 

Sorenson, Elmer, Ibr 

Spatcher, Wm., carp , 

Speed, George, fmr 

Squires, Almon, fmr 

Squires, C. C, Ibr 

Squires, Clarence, livery 

Squires, Lester, fmr 

Starr, Edw., fmr 

Staudt, Ferdinand, fmr 

Stetter, Albert, fmr 

Stetter, Arthur, Ibr 

Stevenson, J. M., fmr 

Stondt, F., farmer 

Strawn, Wm., fmr 

Streicher, Fred, fmr 

Swales, John, fmr 

Swartz, John, fmr 

Swartz, Louis, fmr 

T 

Taylor, Dr., dentist 

Taylor, Emmet, pool hall 

Taylor, Henry 

Taylor, W. B., Ibr 

Thomas, Walter, Ibr 

Thompson, Catherine, housewife. 

Thompson, Everett, fmr 

Thompson, J. G., insurance 

Thompson, Lano, fmr 

Thompson, M. E., fmr 

Thompson, O. E. fmr 

Thompson, W. S. B 

Thorp, Frank, fmr 

Torrey, A. R., Ibr 

Torrey, F. D., saloon 

Tripp, J. W., fmr 

Tripp, Newell, fmr 

Tromblee, F. E., fmr 

Truesdell, Ray, fmr 

Truesdell, Wm. P., fmr , 

Truman, L. C, rtd 

Turner, F. C, fmr 

Turner, Robert, fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY, 



Leaders in Pun 
Drugs, Druggists* 
Sundries j^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ ^ j» > 

189 



U 



Uhl, Hattie E 

V 

Vogelsung, Wm., Ibr 

Voshell, Alfred, Ibr 

Voshelh Daniel, Ibr , 

Voshell, Ira, f mr 

Voshell, John D., fmr 

Voshell, Killen, fmr 

Voshell, Will, Ibr 

W 

Wade, Henry, Ibr 

Wagner, Julius, fmr 

Walrath, D. & B. B., druggist. 

Walrath, Marve, rtd 

Walrath, Will, rl est 

Waltenbaugh, Dora, teacher.. 

Waltenbaugh, Walter 

'Walters, George, fmr 

Walters, Harvey, fmr 

Walters, Louis, fmr 

Ward, Arthur, fmr 

Ward, R., fmr 

Waring, Charles, fmr 

Warner, Albert, fmr 

Warner & Son, fmrs 

Waterman, C. A., Ibr 

Watson, Stephen, Ibr 

Wazamski, Joseph, fmr 

Weimer, Charles, fmr 

Westbrook, C. H., rtd 

Westcott, George, fmr 

Westcott, Lizzie, housewife... 

Welch, John M., mcht 

Wellman, O. Z., postmaster.. 

Welsh, C. F., fmr 

Welsh, J. J., Ibr 

Weston, Joseph, fmr 

Wheeland, C. G. & Son, fmrs. 

White, Samuel, fmr 

White, W. J., fmr 



White, William, fmr 

Wilcox, Henry, fmr 

Wilcox, W. E. fmr 

Wilkens, John C, hnsmkr... 

Willerton, Robert, fmr 

Wilson, Albert, carp 

Wilson, Fred, fmr 

Wilson, Julia E., housewife. 

Wiltse, J. P 

Wiltse, Rhoda 

Wimer, Charles, fmr 

Wolf, Ed., mason 

Wood, W. W., Ibr 

Woolridge, W. B., fmr 

Woolridge, W. S., fmr 

WYite, Frank, Ibr 

Wroe, J. W., fmr 

Wroe, L. L., fmr 

Wroe, West, fmr , 

Wurster, John,, fmr 

Y 

Yearous, John, fmr 

York, Ed., fmr 

Younckman, Minnie, widow. . 

Z 

Zickler, Fred, fmr 

AURORA. 

A 

Anderman, Fred, fmr 

Anderman, Henry, fmr 

B 

Bishop, O. D., barber 

Bird, C. J., fmr 

Bradley, Isaac, fmr 

B'urco, Homer, fmr 

Burco, Nelson, fmr 

Bush, A. J., fmr 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU [l.'iGVi/ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

Tobdao 



(l^iirs 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK" 



190 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Clark, Robert, fmr. 



DeBar, Geo., fmr 

Derflinger, T. N., fmr. 
Downer, H. A., fmr.. 
Downer, J. U., fmr. . . . 
Duckett, Mike, fmr... 



Fry, A. C, mcht. 



Gundlach, John, fmr... 
Gundlach, Martin, fmr. 
Gundlach, Scott, fmr. . . 
Gundlach, Will, fmr 



H 



Hahn, Frederick, fmr. . . 

Hahn, Henry, fmr 

Hall, Mrs. Geo. B., fmr. 

Harkin, Harry, fmr 

Harkin, Jas, fmr 



K 



Kraft, Charles, fmr. 
Kraft, Jacob, fmr. . , 
Kraft, Wm., fmr... 



Mc 

McFarlane, P. J., fmr. 
McQuay, Berton, fmr. 
McQuay, Jno. B., fmr. 



IVI 



Martin, Albert, fmr. 



Meinken, Catherine, fmr. 



Olson, Peter, fmr. 



Quitmeyer, Irvy, fmr 
Quitmeyer, Mary, fmr 



Rice, Del Gratia, fmr 



Scharff, Aug., fmr 

Scharff, Mary, fmr 

Schlumbohn, Henry, fmr. 

Schug, Albert, fmr 

Schug, Jacob, fmr , 

Schug, Mary, fmr 

Schultz, Aug., fmr 

Schultz, Chas, fmr 

Schultz, Fred, fmr 

Seedorff, Fred, fmr 

Seedorff, Will, fmr 

Staple, Theodore, fmr. . . 



W 



Watson, Clark, fmr. . 
Watson, John, fmr. . 
Wesinger, J. B., fmr. 
Weston, Otis, fmr. . . . 

Wolf, John 

Wolf, Leonard, fmr. . 



BRAINERD. 



B 



Bartholomew, Blsworth, Ibr 
Bartholomew, Palmer, fmr.. 
Bartlett, Ben, Ibr 



NEXT TIME TRY u^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleaning, Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



191. 



Bartlett, Frank I 

Bartlett, H. M., fmr... 

Bartlett, J. L 

Bartlett, L. G 

Bartlett, Mary A 

Bartlett, Sherman, Ibr. 

Boleyn, D. T 

Boleyn, Thos 

Boyer, E. G 

Brown, M. C, Ibr 

Burk, John 

Burk, John, Jr 

Burk, Maggie 



Craft, Amos, Ibr. 
Craft, George . . , 



Gruver, G. S. 



H 



Helms, R. W., mcht and fmr. 
Helmes, R. W., R. R. agt... 
Hills, Harry 



Jennings, Enos 

Jennings. M. C, fmr. 
Jennings, Walter . . . 



Learn, Levi W. 
Learn, Samuel 
Lyon, Wm 



M 



Martin, Frank 
Martin, H. F. . . 
Martin, John . 



Martin, Lewis .... 

Miller, H. G....- 

Miller, H. T 

Miller, H. W 

Miller, L. M 

Miller, W. D 

Moniger, Belle 

Mounce, J. W 

Mounts, Joseph, Ibr. 
Munger, Laura J... 
Munger, M. M 



N 



Nicohomer, J., fmr. 



O'Neill, Mary 



Patterson, Joseph 
Patterson. S. S.. . . 

Peters, A. S 

Peters, C. A 



Sanderson, H. C. 
Slaughter, Vida . 



Tripp, Clarence . . 
Tripp, George W. 



W 



White, C. E., fmr. 



CLERMONT. 



Anderson, Albert, fmr 
Anderson, A. T., fmr. 



PHONE 98. 



BELL & RICHARDS 

HACK CALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



'i'Mt W. G. FETTKETHER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 

14 FIRST AVEINUE: SOUTH— ^— 



192 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Anderson, Charles, restaurant. 

Anderson, Chris, fmr 

Anderson, Elmer, fmr 

Anderson, Gilbert, fmr 

Anderson, Henry, fmr 

Anderson, Herb., Ibr 

Anderson, John, fmr 

Anderson, Larson, fmr 

Anderson, Lester, Ibr 

Anderson, Mary 

Anderson, Ole, fmr 

Anderson, Peter, fmr 

Appelman, E. H., fmr 

Appelman, E. W., mail elk.... 

Appelman, Louie, fmr 

Appelman, Rod 

Archer, George, mcht 

Archer, John, Ibr 

Archer, Jack, livery 

Aufinson, Lars A., wagon mkr. 



B 



Baars, Wm 

Bailey, Samuel, Ibr 

Bailey, W. S., Ibr 

Baker, Ola, fmr 

Barris, Ered, fmr 

Becker, Aug. G., carp 

Becker, F., physician 

Bellis, D. C, Ibr .. 

Bellis, Thomas, Ibr 

Benson, Mary, washwoman. 

Berry, R. P., piifsician 

Bigler, F. W., harnes.smkr. . 

Bilden, L. T., elk 

Bilden, Enoch, elk 

Bilden, E. E., fmr 

Bilden, T. T., fmr 

Bisbing, Harry, carp 

Bisbing, J. S., fmr 

Blake, W. R., editor 

Blunch, John, fmr 

Boyle, Wm., restaurant , 

Brandt, John, fmr 

Brcsby, Mrs. .James, rtd. fmr. 



Brown, Laura, rtd 

Buraas, H. H., fmr 

Burke, Daniel, btchr 

Burke, J. P 

Burke, M. P., butcher 

Burke, M. W., fmr 

Burrow, Fi'ed, fmr 

C 

Cahalan, Mrs. John 

Cahalan, M. W., mail carrier 

Caldwell, John, minister 

Cane, George W., Ibr 

Carlin, Peter, fmr 

Carlin, L. H., fmr 

Carragher, Ed., fmr 

Carragher, H. H., fmr 

Cavanugh, Nellie 

Cavanaugh, Thos, fmr 

Chensvold, Christian, fmr 

Chenswold, Peter, fmr 

Christianson, Christopher, blksmth. 

Cclliton, Thomas, Ibr 

Connors, Mrs. B 

Cooley, H. B., fmr 

Cooley, H. C, fmr 

Cornely, John, fmr 

Creehan, Bat., fmr 

Crowe, John, P. M 

Crowe, Wm., druggist 

Cummings, Mrs. P., fmr 

Cummings, P. H., fmr 

Cummings, Thos., fmr 

Cummings, Wm. H., Ibr 

Cupps, Henry, painter 

D 

Dalms, Fred, fmr 

Delaney, Ed., fmr 

Delaney, Walter, fttir 

Devery Sisters, restaurant 

Dibble, Ezra, Ibr 

Dibble, M. V., fmr 

Dravis, Mary 



SEE J. W. RIDLERFOR 

Sanitary Plumbing ^Heating 



-S' A. C. WILSON §!s 



Drugs- 



Books- 



Stationery 



PAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



193 



Drager, Fred, fmr.... 
Dreyer, Peter, minister 
Dulin, Bridget, rtd . . . . , 
Dulin, Pat, fmr 



Erhardt, David, fmr 

Ericl^son, Amon, buttermlir. 

Errickson, Mrs. Iling 

Errickson, Jennie, drsmlir.. . 

Erickson, John, fmr 

Erickson, Lors, fmr 

Erickson. Peter, fmr 

Ericlvson, Samuel, fmr 

Everson, Ever, fmr , 



Farrelly, M. J., minister 

Ferguson, A. D., mail carrier. 

Ferguson, F. P., fmr 

Fisher, Wm., fmr 

Fisk, E. A,, poultry raiser... 

Fitzgerald, Dan 

Fitzgerald, Edw., rtd. fmr. . . . 

Flynn, Paul, fmr 

Foley, Timothy, fmr 

Foster, H. E 

Fox, B. P., carp 

Fcx, Charles, fmr 

Fox, Reubin, fmr 

Frisbie, Frank, Ibr 

Frisbe, John, horse doctor... 
Frisbie, J. W., Ibr 



Garvey, Wm., fmr 

Gerber, Lena, housekpr 

Gilbertson, A. O., fmr 

Gilbertson, Ole, fmr 

Gorden, Orren, fmr 

Gress, Acam, rtd fmr 

Gress, Claud, fmr 

Gress, Willis, Ibr 

Grossman, Emma, housekpr. 



Grossman, H. W., carp 

Groth, H. H., fmr 

Groth, Kittle H 

Groth, Knut H., fmr . . . 

Gruver, B. C, bank cashier. 
Gulbrunson, Gilbert, fmr.. 

Gunderson, Albert, fmr 

Gunderson, Andrew, fmr... 

Gunderson, Alma . . . 

Gunderson, Anna 

Gunderson, A. E., fmr 

Gunderson, Clara 

Gunderson, Edwin A 

Gunderson, Edwin G., fmr. . 
Gunderson, Gunder, fmr..., 

Gunderson, Hans, fmr 

Gunderson, James, Ibr 

Gunderson, Julius 

Guyer, Ethen G., fmr 



H 



Haas, Wm., hdwre 

Halvorsen, Albert, Ibr 

Halvorsen, Carl, fmr 

Halvorson, H. O., fmr 

Hammond, Eva, fmr 

Haug, C. G., salesman 

Hangartner, F. P., fmr 

Hangartner, F. S.. fmr 

Hangartner, John, fmr 

Hannie, G., fmr 

Hannie, G. J., fmr 

Hause, A. J., fmr 

Hause, Grant, fmr 

Hanson, Andrew, fmr 

Hanson, Carl, Mrs 

Hanson, Chr. C, section foreman. 

Hanson, Halvor, fmr 

Hanson, John, fmr 

Harwood, Miss, tech. school 

Havenstrite, Frank, fmr 

Havenstrite, P. R., fmr 

Hawk, Mrs. Priscilla, fmr 

Hawke, Wm., Ibr 

Healgerson, Nelson, fmr 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan Sc Gosse 



phone: 5o, 



NO. 12 FIRST ST. SOUTH 



194 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Heckle, F. E., principal of school... 

Helgerson, Nelson, fmr 

Hendershott, Chas. (servant doctor) 

I-Iendershott, Fred, elk 

Hendershott, George, teacher 

Hendershott, T. H., bbr 

Hendershott, Victor, elk 

Hendershott, Wm., hotel 

Hettelson, Knut, fmr 

Hines, Frank, Ibr 

Holsteinson, Holstein, fmr 

Holverson, H. O., fmr 

Holverson, Knudt, fmr 

Horan. J. H., fmr 

Horan, J. W., fmr 

Houlihan, John, fmr 

Houlihan, John, Jr., fmr 

Houlihan, Michael, fmr 

Houlihan, Mary, fmr 

House, Abraham, fmr 

House, Ham, fmr 



Jacobson, Bendick, fmr... 
Jobe, J. B., mail carrier. . . . 

Johnson, Dorf, fmr 

Johnson, E., fmr 

Johnson, Hadley, fmr 

Johnson, Henry H., Ibr. . . . 
.Johnson, Herbert, painter. 

Johnson, James, Ibr 

Johnson, J. A., fmr 

Johnson, J. H., fmr 

Johnson, Jens, Ibr 

Johnson, Lowers, fmr 

Johnson, Martin, fmr 

Johnson, Rachel, drsmkr... 



K 



Kann, Hubert, fmr 

Keer, C. M., fmr 

Kelley, Mrs. James, rtd. 

Kelly, John, fmr 

Kelly, Wm., fmr 



Kelly, Wm., Jr., fmr... 

Kern, Louis, Ibr 

Kettleson, Henry, fmr. 
Kettleson, Knut, fmr.. 

Kloster, A. M., fmr 

Kloster, Lars N 

Kloster, Nels. M., fmr.. 
Kloster, Ole M., fmr. . 
Kneeland, John, fmr. . . 

Knudson, J. L 

Krueger, August, fmr. 
Kruger, Fred, livery. . . 



Landsgoard, Ever 

Larrabee, Wm 

Larrabee, Wm., Jr., fmr 

Larrabee, Mrs. Wm., Jr., housekpr. 

Larsen, N. N., carp '. 

Larsen, Paul, Ibr 

Larson, Aron, carp 

Larson, Emil, fmr 

Larson, Hans, fmr 

Larson, John O., fmr 

Larson, Mrs. John, housekpr 

Larson, Lars O.. fmr , 

Larson, Lien, fmr 

Larson, Nels 

Larson, Ole, fmr 

Larson, Orin, fmr 

Larson, Order O., Ibr 

Lauden, Henry, Ibr , 

Lavelle, Wm., fmr 

Learn, D. E., fmr 

Learn, John, fmr 

Learn, John G., fmr 

Learn, J. H., fmr 

Learn, R. F., fmr 

Leehy, Frank, fmr 

Leehy, Johana, housekpr 

Leehy, Mrs. John, housekpr 

Leehy, Lydia, teacher 

Leehy, Tim, fmr 

Leehy, T. J., Ibr 

Legge, Samuel, Ibr , 



^ VISIT: 



E. N. Ross & Son ^^1 

so. FREDERICK ST. .a^^ PHONE 21 CARPETS, RUGS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S 6000 

SMITH & GRAUER, Jaj|n|-s 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORS. 



195 



Legge, Wm., Ibr 

Lein, Bergit, rtd 

Lein, E. O., fmr 

Lenobee, Wm., Jr., fmr 

Lenobe, Wm., fmr 

Lepka, H., fmr 

Lindenbauer, H., fmr 

Linderman, Wm., fmr , 

Loftie, Andrew, fmr , 

Lof tie, Peter, fmr 

Loomis, A. H 

Looney, J. T., fmr 

Louden, Henry, bridge foreman. 
Ludeman, Wm., Ibv 



Miller, C. & Son, hdwe. 

Miller, Felix, fmr 

Miller, Henry, fmr.... 

Miller, J. F., fmr 

Miller,Wesley, fmr 

Mittelstedt, G. C, fmr. 

Mosby, Owen, fmr 

Mosby, T., fmr 

Mylan, R. A., fmr 



Mc 

McCall, A., fmr 

McCall, M. E., milliner 

McDermott, Patrick, Ibr 

McGrahnan, Thos,, fmr 

McGreevy, Margaret, dressmkr. 

McGreevy, Thos., fmr 

McGreevy, Thos., Jr., Ibr 

McKinley, Alex, merchant 



IVI 



Maetsch, John, fmr 

Malone, Johanna, Mrs., fmr 

Malone, Mrs. Patrick, Jr 

Mannings, Michael, fmr 

Markham, E. W., wagonmkr 

Markham, Melvin, Ibr 

Mathis, Franz, Ibr 

Mathis, Mary, rtd j O'Brien, Ann, rtd 



N 



Neff, H. A., depot agt 

Nelson, Andrew, Ibr 

Nelson, Mrs. Andrew, bookkeeper. 

Nelson, Benj., Ibr 

Nelson, Christ., Ibr 

Nelson, Gilbert, fmr 

Nelson, John, fmr 

Nelson, Knute, Ibr 

Nelson, Nels, fmr 

Nelson, U. H., lumberman 

Nelson, Nels P., Ibr , 

Nelson, Ole, fmr 

Nelson, Ole C, fmr 

Nelson, Oley, llDr. 

Nelson, Peter, shoemaker 

Ney, Claus 

Nise, John, fmr 

Nordhus, A. O., fmr 

Nutting, R. R., fmr 

Nygard, Gunder 



Mecklenburg, F. W., livery 

Meland, Lars, Ibr 

Meyer, Wm., fmr 

Meylan, R. E., fmr 

Michael, Mary 

Michel, Anna, hired girl.... 
Michel, Catherine, housekpr 

Michel, Elsie 

Miller, Christ., fmr * 

Miller, C. C, hdwe 



O'Brien, Mrs. Julia 

O'Brien, Lester, fmr 

O'Connor, Catherine, rtd. 
O'Lien, Thomas O., fmr. 

O'Reilly, P., fmr 

Olsen, Chas., Ibr 

Olsen, Mrs. Embric, fmr. 

Olsen, Gustave, fmr 

Olsen, Halver M., fmr... 
Olsen, Miens, fmr 



phone: 9 s. 



BELL & RICHARDS 

PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 




Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



196 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Olson, Anton, Ibr 

Olson, Mrs. Emerick, rtd. 

Olson, Julius, fmr 

Olson, Ole A., fmr 

Olson, Ole E., fmr 

Olson, Paul, laborer 

Olson, Samson, fmr 

Olson, Theodore, Ibr 

Olson, Thomas, fmr 

Osmundson, Lars K., fmr. . 
Ostlie, G. L., fmr 

P 

Parwancher, Aaron, fmr.. 

Paulson, Abe, fmr 

Paulson, Anna, elk 

Paulson, A. J., fmr 

Paulson, H. H., fmr 

Paulson, Julius, fmr 

Paulson, Lars, carp 

Paulson, Martha 

Paulson, Ole, hdwe 

Paulson, Paul 

Pederson, Albert, eng 

Pederson, Miss Helen, dom 

Peterson, Amalia, fmr 

Petersen, Andrew, fmr..., 

Peterson, A. C, Ibr 

Peterson, Chr. C, blksmth. 

Peterson, John, fmr 

Peterson Ole, fmr 

Peterson, Ole C, fmr 

Petersen, Peter L., fmr.... 

Phillips, Jesse, fmr 

Ploht, Herman, fmr 

Porter, Rev., minister . . . . 

Powers, James, fmr , 

Powers, John, fmr 

Powers, Michael, drayman. 

Powers, Thos., Jr., fmr 

Powers, Thos., Sr., Ibr 

Powers, Wm., fmr 

Priest, Anson, fmr 

Priest, John, Ibr 

Priest, Mrs. Geo., teacher. . 



Pringle, Frank, restaurant 

Pringle, Miss Mae, tchr 

Pringle, Robt., fmr 

Q 

Quinn, E. P., Ibr 

Quinn, J. M., Ibr 

Quinn, Michael, fmr 

Quinn, Wm., tmstr 

R 

Rafferty, John, fmr 

Rafferty, Nicholas, fmr 

Rafferty, Wm., Jr., Ibr 

Rear, E. E., fmr 

Reinhart, Rudy, fmr 

Reusser, Christopher, fmr 

Rierson, Ole, fmr 

Riser, Alfred, Ibr 

Ritchie, W. W., fmr 

Robbe, Nettie L., housekpr 

Robbe, Warren, fmr 

Rocktassel, Nicholas, fmr 

Rogers, H. B., blksmth 

Rolf Bros., f mrs 

Roll, John, fmr 

Rolf, Hennan, fmr 

Root, A. H., fmr 

Rounds, J. S., fmr 

Rounds, W. J., fmr. 

Rowland, E. L.. fmr 

Rowland, J. A., fmr 

Ryan, Catherine, on county 

S 

Saboe, Miss Carrie H., fmr 

Samsen, Lars 

Schaefer, Charles J. & Co., mcht. 

Schaefer, Elizabeth, rtd 

Sehaefers, George B., mcht 

Schroeder, John C, fmr 

Schroeder, Wm., fmr 

Schwinefus, C. F., fmr 

Scott, E. T., fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hillig^er's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs. Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water .^ ^ ^ ^ 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



197 



Scott, T. W., fmr 

Scott, Wm. H.. fmr 

Sensor, Wm., fmr 

Shaffer, Earl, Ibr 

Shaffer, Fred, Ibr 

Shaffer, Wm., mlr. . 

Shall, Herman, fmr 

Sheehan, Bridget, dressmkr 

Sheehan, D. A., fmr 

Sheehan, E. J., mch. agt. . . . 
Sheehan, J. H., stock buyer 

Sheehan, Mamie, elk 

Sheehan Sisters, rtd 

Sheehan, Thos., fmr 

Sheehy, J. H., fmr 

Sheehy, Maggie, tchr 

Sheehy, Nell, tchr 

Sheehy, Wm., fmr 

Shipton, Frank, fmr 

Sholtz, Fritz, fmr 

Simpson, Walter, Ibr 

Skarsburg, Mrs. G. H., rtd.. 

Skarshong, H. H., fmr 

Skarshong, L, fmr 

Skein, Anton, fmr 

Skinner, J. H., fmr 

Skinner, L. T., fmr 

Smith, Henry, fmr 

Stamford, Mary, tchr 

Starkey, Geo., fmr 

Starkey, John, fmr 

Starkey, Wm., fmr 

Stineroon, Goodman, fmr... 

Stineroon, Nels, fmr 

Stoll, Albert, rtd 

Stoll, Martin, mcht 

Stray, Ed., N., fmr 

Stuveland, A., fmr 

Stuveland, Ida, tchr 

Suckow, Fred, fmr 

Sullivan, C. J., fmr 

Sullivan, Jos., Ibr 

Sullivan, Patrick, fmr 

Swenson, Swen 



If You Don't Know 



T 

Tatro, E. C, fmr 

Tatro, Roy, fmr 

Tatro, S. S.,fmr 

Thompsdn, Adeline, rtd 

Thompson, Bert, fmr 

Thompson, Edw., fmr 

Thompson, G. E., Ibr 

Thompson, J. H. Ibr 

Thompson, Mack, fmr 

Thompson, T. A., fmr 

Thorson, Andrew, fmr 

Tollifson, T., fmr 

Tonjum, H. S., mcht 

Toole, Mary E., fmr 

Torkelson, Helger, fmr 

Torkelson, Torkel, fmr 

Torsen, Andrew, fmr 

U 

Udson, Simon, fmr 

Ugland, Hans, fmr 

Ugland, Reinart, fmr 

V 

Vasby, Andrew, painter 

Vasby, Lars L., fmr 

Vasby, Reinhart, painter 

W 

Wagner, Chas., fmr 

Wagner, E. O., fmr , 

Wagner, P. G., fmr 

Walke, Herman, Ibr 

Walker, Chas., Ibr 

Walker, Fred 

Walker, Henry, Ibr 

Walker, Elizabeth 

Wallin, Oscar V. & Carl, fmr. 

Warnholt, John, fmr 

Warner, W. B., Mrs 

Week, C. F., banker .' 

Wedo, Herman, fmr 




you Oiigiit to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

(ilijirs ^ Tobiicco 

■32 SOUTH FREDERIC K 



198 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Wells, John 

Wells, Joseph 

Wells, Lee, Ibr 

Wells, Nicholas 

Wenrich, E. J 

Westvik, John, fmr 

White, P. K., collector... 

White, Grace 

White, John 

White, Mary J., housekpr. 

Wickham, Ed., Ibr 

Wickham, W. A 

Willard, George B 

Williams, F. & W., fmr. . . 

Willie, Fred, fmr 

Winrick, E. J., fmr 

Wisowa Lbr. Co., lumber. 

Wolf, Louis, fmr 

Wolf, Peter, fmr 



Youslin, John 

DONNAN. 

B 

Bartie, T., blksmth 

Bearl, C, fmr 

Begalske, Aug., restaurant. 
Brooks, Robt. E., fmr 



Crawford, W. E., creamery. 



Davis, C, fmr. 



H 



Hefling, M. M., fmr , 

Holmes, D. A 

Holmes, Geo., stockman. 



Holmes, G. R., agent. 
Holmes, J., fmr .... 
Holmes, W. J., fmr. . . 



K 



Keig, Thos., fmr. 
Kelley, I. L., fmr. 



Leistokow, Herman, fmr 

Mc 
McCormack & Sykes 



Odekirk, Edd., fmr 
Ostrander, C. A. . . . 



Reinhart, Beal, fmr 
Riley, Matt., fmr... 



S 

Sherman, B., livery... 
Sherman, M. O., fmr. . . 
Sherman, Robt., livery. 



Thompson, D. S. 



Vought, Roy H., fmr.,. 

W 

Walker, John, grocery 
Walker, T 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



199 



DOUGLAS. 



Adams, H. L., Ex-Supt. schools. 



B 



Bemis, Mrs. George 

Billmyer, Wm., fmr 

Brooks, James, day worker. 
Burroughs, Wm., mason..., 
Bysong, Max, fmr 



Chapman, Ed., carp 

Chapman, Jane, Ibr 

Chapman, Kate, housekpr. 

Chapman, Walt, fmr 

Crooks, Frank, Ibr 



Danks, Henry, fmr 

Danks, O. S., fmr 

Darnell, Ray, fmr 

Descent, A. G., fmr 

Dickson, Robert, rtd. fmr. 

Downs, Frank, fmr 

Ducent, Allen, fmr 



Eastman, J. J., fmr. 
Edison, John, fmr. 



Fels, Martin, fmr. 



Gardner, Mary, fmr.... 
Greenside, Rosetta, fmr. 



H 



Hall, G. W., day worker 

Hall Herb, day worker 

Hanson, Andrew, day worker. 
Hershiuger, Jake, rtd. fmr. . , 

Hoops, L. L., fmr 

Hoyt, Mrs. E. J 

Hoyt, Will, fmr 

Huck, Lewis, Ibr 



I 



Ishman, J. L., day worker. 
Ishman, Mary 



K 



Knal, Frank, carp. 



Lee, Theodore, fmr 



M 



Mihm, Frank, fmr , 

Mihm, John, fmr 

Miller, Frank, no occupation given. 
Miller, Hiram, no occupation given. 

Miller, Wm. F., fmr 

Morris, A. J., fmr 

Morton, Margaret, fmr 

Mott, Mrs. S. J., fmr 

Munger, W. J., fmr 

Musser, Charles, cont 

'Musser, D. M., fmr 

Musser, Fred, day worker 



N 



Nelson, James, day worker.. 
Nelson, Jesse L., day worker., 

Nelson, W. B. day worker 

Nelson, W. L., fmr 

Northrop, A. L., stone mason. 



PHONE 98. 



BELL & RICHARDS 

HACK CALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



GOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREEUL DRIVERS, 



PHONE 32 



200 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Pitts, Elmer 

Pitts, Mrs. J 

Pitts, John 

Pitts, Warney, mcht. 
Prouty, Win., fmr. . . . 



Q 

Quackenbush, Anson, fmr. 



Reirson, R. T., fmr.. 
Reynolds, S. E., fmr. 



Schmitz, Peter, fmr. . 
Sorenson, Peter, fmr. 



Tope, J. M., fmr 

Tupper, H. S., fmr. 
Tapper, Ward, fmr. 



Vermilya, D. M., mcht. 



W 

Wagner, Fred, fmr 

Wagner, George, fmr 

Wilbur, Grant T., mlr 

Williams, Alfred, day worker. 

Wilson, John, fmr 

Wilson, Sarah, fmr 

Wroe, J. E., fmr 

Wroe, Luverne, day worker. . 
Wroe, L. L., day worker 



Yorgenson, Martin, fmr. 



ELDORADO. 



Adorna, Mrs. Mary 

Althouse, Mrs. Margarette. 



B 



Bergeson, Alfred, fmr.... 

Bergeson, Tobias, fmr 

Bernatz, Michael, miller.. 
Blessin, Rev. G., preacher 



Engelhardt, Mrs. John, fmr. 
Erickson, Erick, Ibr 



Fluegel, Alfred 



Goode, Andrew 

Graffenberg, Mrs. Hulda. 

Gross, Conrad, fmr 

Gross, H. W., fmr 

Gross, John Henry, fmr. 

H 



halverson, George 

Halverson, Halver, fmr. 
Housland, Miss Martha. 



Jacobson, Lauris, fmr 

Jaquot, George, wagon repairer. 

Johnson, Jens, mason 

Johnston, Mrs. Cary, fmr 

Johnston, John, fmr 

Johnston, Sten., fmr 

Junge, Mrs. Frederick, fmr.... 



J. W. RIDLER, 



Plumber 



PHONES 23 AND 33 

— 15 NORTH FREDERICK 



%■ A. C. WILSON iis 



Wall Paper^Paints— Window Glass 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



201 



K 



Paulson, Ole, fmr 

Peterson, C. & Bros., mcht. 



Kelsey, Theodore . . . , 
Knudtson, C. A., fmr. 
Koester, Geo. H., fmr. 
Koester, John, carp... 
Koester, Jno. D., fmr. 
Koester, Philip, fmr.. 
Kueling, David, fmr. . 



Lauer, Henry, fmr. 
Lauer, J. P., fmr. . . 
Lauer, Peter, fmr. . 
Lauer, P. H., fmr . . 
Lauer, W. P., mcht. 
Larson, Forvil, fmr. 

Lee, Ole, fmr 

Lierboe, K. L., fmr. 



IVI 



Meister, Mrs. Martha. . 

Miller, Frank 

Miller Isaac 

Mosby, Andrew, mason. 
Muller, Henry, fmr. . . . 



Reierson, Cecelia, fmr. . . . 
Reinertson, Knute, fmr.. 
Reinertson, Martin, fmr. . 
Reinertson, Nels., fmr. . . . 
Rosveld, Christ., fmr. . . . 

Roth, Fritz, fmr 

Roth, Wm., Sr., fmr 

Roth, Wm. J., fmr 

Rothmeyer, John D., carp. 



N 



Nelson, Jacob, fmr 

Nelson, Osmond, Sr., fmr. . 

Nerhus, Mrs. Susan 

Neumann, Miss Anna 

Neumann, Miss Anna 

Neumann, Henry, blksmth, 

Ney, Henry 

Nottnagel, Andreas, fmr... 



Schatz, Mrs. Rosena 

Schneider, Albert, fmr. . . 
Schroeder, August, fmr. . 
Stansland, Andrev/, fmr.. 
Stansland, Anna, fmr.... 
Stansland, Anna O., fmr. 
Stansland, Christ, fmr... 

Steffens, Mrs. Anna 

Steffens, D., fmr 

Steffens, H. A., fmr 

Stendel, Robert, carp 



Olson, Mrs. Carrie. 
Olson, Knudt 



Pape, Peter, fmr. 



Tjensvold, Omond, fmr. 
Tolloffson, Ole, fmr. .. 
Trapp, John 



W 



Watne, H. T., fmr 

Watnc. Johanna, fmr. 

Watno, Tom, fmr 

Winter, Mrs. Anna... 



ELGIN. 

A 

Aasen, Halvor O., Ibr. 
Aasen, Ole. Ibr 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



Kernahan & Gosse I m^ 



PHONE SO. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers 



• • • • 



202 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Achori, Fred, fmr 

Adain, A., fmr 

Albright, Mrs., millinery 

Allen, B. F., fmr 

Anderson, A. J., fmr 

Anderson, Bros., fmrs 

Anderson, Peter, fmr 

Anmundson, Adolph, fmr 

Aschleman, Pete, fmr 

Ask Kittel, fmr 

Ask, Nels, fmr 

B 

Baechler, Ernest, fmr 

Bailey, Wilbur, Ibr 

Bakeman, Nicholas, mail carrier. 

Baker, Ole, fmr , 

Baldwin, C. A., fmr 

Baldwin, Mrs. C. A., housekpr. . . 

Baldwin, George, fmr 

Baldwin, George W., Sr., fmr.... 

Baldwin, Nancy, fmr 

Bander, Mrs. Caroline, housekpr. 

Bartholomew, P. D., Ibr 

Basceini, Loceis, Ibr 

Bauman, John, fmr 

Baumgartner, Adolph, fmr 

Baumgardner, Mrs. B 

Baumgartner, Alex, fmr 

Baumgartner, Joseph, fmr 

Baumgartner, John, fmr 

Becker, Mrs. Charles 

Becker, C. F., banker 

Becker, Charles, tinner 

Beitikoffer, Jacob, Ibr 

Bell, Mrs. Sophia, housewife 

Bennett, I. O., fmr 

Bensen, August, rtd 

Benson, B. M., fmr 

Benson, Benj. T., fmr 

Benson, Elias, fmr 

Benson, John, fmr 

Benson, Mrs. John, housekpr 

Benson & Johnson, fmrs 

Benson, Tom, fmr 



Berg, F. R., mcht 

Berg, Frederick, fmr 

Berg, Maynus, fmr 

Berg, Olaf, fmr 

Berg, Ole O., fmr 

Berger, Mrs. Christ., fmr 

Berger, Emma and Tilda, tchrs. 

Berger, John, fmr 

Berger, Mrs. Julia, fmr 

Berger, Magdalena, housekpr. . . , 

Betzei, Louis, Ibr 

Bigler, Gottlieb, fmr 

Bigler, Henry, fmr 

Bilden, E. E., fmr 

Bilden, H. J., fmr 

Bilden, J. E., fmr 

Bilden, Theodore, fmr 

Blockhus, Holver O., fmr 

Blockhus, S., fmr 

Blow, B. J. Ibr 

Blow, Mrs. George 

Boelyn, D. G., fmr 

Bohanan, Frank, rtd 

Boleyn, Adam, fmr 

Boleyn, Lester, Ibr 

Boleyn, S. A., fmr 

Boleyn & Wing, fmrs. & mchts. 

Boland, John, Ibr 

Boots, James, Ibr 

Bowman, A., fmr 

Boyer, Gustave, Ibr 

Boyer, Louisa, housekpr 

Boyle, Charles, fmr 

Boyle, Ed., fmr 

Boyle, Frank N., fmr 

Boyle, James B., Ibr 

Boyler, John, Ibr 

Brabham, Ward, fmr 

Brabham, Wm., fmr 

Bracker, Andrew, fmr 

Brackin, J. B., fmr 

Brackin, John, fmr 

Brackin, Wm., Ibr 

Brause, August, fmr 

Brause, David, fmr 

Brause, Fred, fmr 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP Jt^^ THAT'S ALL 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



203 



Brause, Wm., fmr 

Brockhus, Carl, Ibr 

Bruce, J. F., elk 

Bryant, A. I., hotel 

Bryant, E. A., hotel 

Bucher, Louisa 

Bucher, Susie, housekpr.... 

Bulfer, Rudolf, fmr 

Burinek, Joseph, cigar mnfr. 
Burinek & Stepanek, mnfrs. 

Burk, John, fmr 

Burows, Fred, fmr 

Burrow, Herman, fmr 

Buser, Louis, Ihr 

Butikofer, Elise, fmr 

Butikofer, Fred, fmr 

Butikofer, John, fmr 

Butikofer, Joseph, Ibr 

Butikofer, Mrs. John, fmr. . . 

Butikofer, Rosa 

Butler, Joseph, carp 



Capper, Frank S., elk 

Capper, T. J., mcht 

Carlin, Peter, fmr 

Chapman, A. J. . 

Chapman, Charles, fmr 

Chapman, C. L., rtd 

Chapman, J. B., fmr 

Christ, Edith, dom 

Christ, Mrs. Elizabeth, housekpr. 

Christ, John, Sr., fmr 

Christ, John, Jr., painter 

Christ, John F., fmr 

Christ, Louis, Ibr 

Christ, Will, Ibr 

Christen Bros., fmrs 

Christen, John, fmr 

Christianson. Ole, fmr 

Citizens' State Bank, banks 

Cold, N. G 

Conner, Mrs. Alvira, fmr 

Conner, Benjamin, rtd 

Conner, Eddie. Ibr 



Conner, F. A., fmr 

Connor, Henry, fmr 

Conner, I. N., fmr. and miller. 

Conner, John, Ibr 

Conner, Judson 

Conner, Martin, fmr 

Conner, W. B., fmr 

Cook, Andrew, fmr 

Cook, Jacob, Ibr 

Cook, Will, Ibr 

Cooley, James, rtd 

Cooley, Mrs. J. C, Ibr 

Cooley, Lester, mail elk 

Cooley, Wm. J., mail elk 

Cox, Nicholas, fmr 

Craft, Charles, Ibr 

Craft, Daniel, fmr 

Craft, Henry, fmr 

Craft, John, fmr 

Crane, I. S., fmr 

Cribben, John W., Ibr 

Crooks, Frank, fmr 



Daly, C. W., fmr 

Davis, Elmer, fmr 

Denier, Christian, fmr 

Denier, Fred, Ibr... 

Denier, Gottlieb, fmr 

Denier, John, fmr 

Denier, Jacob, fmr 

Desart, Albia 

De Sart, Francis, drayman. 

De Sart, John, Ibr 

De Sart, Ralph, Ibr 

Dickinson, Wm 

Dixon, Fred, Ibr 

Doan, Burk, Ibr 

Doan, Thurlow, Ibr 

Dolt, Emanuel, fmr 

Doty, Wm., fmr 

Duby, Alice, housekpr 

Duby, Christian, fmr 

Dummermuth, Albert, Ibr. . 
Dummermuth. Carl, Ibr. . . . 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



.N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor 



204 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Dummermuth, Christ, fmr. . . 
Dummermuth, Ernest, Ibr... 
Dummermuth, Gottfried, Ibr. 
Dummermuth, Jacob, fmr. . . . 

Durscher, John, fmr 

Dybhon, Nels, fmr 



Eastegard, Nels., Ibr 

Edmunds C. C, bbr 

Elgin Canning Co., pkrs 

Elgin Farmers' Dairy Co., creamery. 

Ely, A., fmr 

Enderson, Jennie 

Enos, E. D., Ibr 

Erhardt, David J., fmr 

Erickson, Ed., fmr 

Erickson, Henry, fmr 

Erickson, John, fmr . 

Ernest, Fred, Jr., fmr 

Ernest, Fred, Sr., rtd 

Etter, Anna, housekpr 

Etter, Frank 

Etter, John, Ibr 

Etter, Louis, blksmth , 

Everson, Ever O., fmr 



Falb, John, btchr 

Falb, Mrs. John, housekpr 

Fennell. John, fmr 

Fennell, J. J., fmr. and stkholder. 

Finke, W. H., drugs 

Fitzgerald, James, bartender 

Follett, E. R. & Son, fmrs 

Follett, H. H., fmr 

Forbes, David D., fmr 

Forbes, David O., fmr 

Fothergill, C. O., physician 

Foxwell, Steven, fmr 

Frederick Bros 

Frederick, Fred, fmr 

Frederick, Gottfred, fmr '.'. 

Frederick, John, fmr 



Frieden, Fred, Jr 

Frieden, Fred, Sr., fmr. 
Frieden, Henry, fmr..., 
Frieden & Son, fmrs... 

Frieden, Benj., frm 

Frieden, Oscar, fmr 

Frisbie, John, vet. surg. 
Fritz, Charles, fmr 



Gage, Francis, fmr 

Galvin, J., fmr 

Garber, Benj., fmr 

Garber, Martha, housekpr 

Gehring, Albert J., fmr 

Gehring, Edward, fmr 

Gehring, Frank, fmr 

Gehring, Fred, mcht , 

Gehring, Jacob, fmr 

Gerber, Magdalene 

Gilbertson, Holver H., fmr 

Gim, E., Ibr 

Gislison, Holver, fmr 

Gisleson, Ole, fmr 

Goetz, Daniel, Ibr 

Goetz, Mary, housekpr 

Graham, C. G., Ibr 

Graham, Mrs. C., milliner 

Graham, Ida C, housekpr 

Greathead, Thos., fmr 

Greenly, Roy, Ibr 

Greenly, Samuel, drayman 

Greesinger, Jacob, fmr 

Gregeson, Guttorn, fmr 

Gregerson, Lars, fmr 

Grether, H. E., fmr. and mail carrier 

Grimm, Ed.. Ibr 

Grimm, Edward, fmr 

Grimm, Ernest, fmr 

Grimm, John, fmr 

Groth. H. J., fmr 

Groth, H. S., fmr 

Groth, James, J., fmr 

Groth, John, fmr 

Groth, K. K., fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO.- 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Purs 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water j» ^ j» .^ 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



205 



Groth, Lewis, J., fmr 

Groth, Tom, Ibr 

Groth, T. J., carp 

Gruver, John 

Graver, Wm. J., sect, foreman , 

Gruver, W. T., fmr 

Gruver & Weed, fmrs 

Gulsvig, E. A., fmr 

Gunderson, Elizabeth, housekpr 

Gunderson, Gustave, impt dlr 

Gunderson & Monnahan, implt. dlrs. 

H 

Halstanson, Alb., fmr 

Halstanson, Charles, mcht 

Halstinson, E. S., fmr 

Halstenson, H. S., fmr 

Halverson, A. J., Ibr 

Halvarson, Carl, fmr 

Halverson, Hans, fmr 

Hamm, Gottleib, fmr 

Hannie, Gottfred, fmr 

Hanson, Adolph, Ibr 

Hanson, Andrew, fmr 

Hanson, Edward, Ibr 

Hanson, Tom, fmr 

Harrington, C. J., fmr 

Harrington, I. L., Ibr 

Hegg, John, fmr 

Helgerson, Nels, fmr 

Hellickson, August, fmr 

Hertig, John, Ibr 

Herwig, Henry, fmr 

Hills, Chancy, Ibr 

Hill, Harry, Ibr 

Hiserman, George, fmr 

Hitch, W. B., fmr 

Honas, Jack, Ibr 

Hong, A. S., fmr 

Hong, E. S., fmr 

Hong, K. K., Sr., fmr. 

Hong, K. S., fmr 

Hong, Ole K 

Hong, Oscar S 

Hoelzer, Alfred, restaurant 



Hoelzer, August, mcht 

Hoelzer, Charles H., Ibr 

Hoelzer, Ernest, fmr 

Hoelzer, George, cigar-mkr 

Hoelzer, Henry Jr., fmr 

Hoelzer, Henry, Sr., Ibr 

Hofer, Mrs. Jacob, housekpr 

Hoffer, Mrs. Nicholas, fmr 

Holen, Nels, rtd 

Holestansen, Mrs. Charles, housekpr. 

Holestansen, John, fmr 

Holm, Nels O., fmr 

Holverson, Albert 

Homewood, Thos., fmr 

Hopkins, O. N 

House, Ham, fmr 

Howard, Enos, fmr 

Howard, Ezra, fmr 

Howard, John, fmr 

Howard, Tom, fmr 

Howard, W. E., frm 

Howard, W. T., frm 

Hughes, F. W., pub 

Humphrey, Edw 

Humphrey, Frank, fmr 

Humphrey, James B., fmr 

Humphrey, J. T. and "Walter 

Humphrey, M. J., fmr 

Hunsberger, Andrew, fmr 

Hunsberger, Charles, fmr , 

Hunsberger, Mrs. Christine 

Hunsberger, Effort 

Hunsberger, Frank, fmr 

Hunsberger, Louis, fmr 

Hutchinson, L. S., dent 

I 

Islio, John, Ibr 

J 

Jack, Henry, fmr 

Jacob, Benj., fmr 

Jacobia, David, fmr 

Jaquette, Carl, Ibr 



^ >J» ^ ^ ALL ROADS LE;AD TO ^ ^ ^ff yf 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Colonial" 5( (ifaf 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer » 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 




206 FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 


Jaquette, Mrs. Miles, seamstress 


Kohler, Lewis J., fmr 


Jennigs, Martin, t'mr 


Kohler, Rosa, fmr 


Jensen, Jens, fmr 


Kohler, William, carp 


Jerome, I., fmr 


Koland, T. A., jwlr 


Jolinson, Austin, fmr 


Kold, Nels., fmr 


Johnson, Gustave, fmr 


ivrutgcr, John F., fmr 


Johnson, John, fmr 


Kurth, Jacob, fmr 


Johnson, Julius, Ibr 




Jones, David, fmr 


L 


K 


Lansgaard, E., fmr 




Lantz, Joseph, fmr 


Reiser, Hans 


Lantz, John, Ibr 


Kerr, Thos, fmr 


Lantz, William, fmr 


Kimball, Al., fmr 


Larson, Hans, J., housekpr 


Kimball, Charles, fmr 


Larson, J. 0., fmr 


Kimball, Roy, Ibr 


Larson, Ole, Ibr , 


Kimball, Elizabeth, housekpr 


Lehman, Christopher, mcht 


Kimpson Bros., fmrs 


Lehman, Ed., fmr 


Kimpson, Richard 


Lehman, Emil, Ibr 


Kimpson, Tom 




King, Clyde, fmr 


Lehman, John, rtd 


Kinney, Mrs. A. D 


Lehman, Louis, fmr 


Kinney, Glenn W., blksmth 


Lehman, Mrs. P., widow 


Kiple, GeoTge, fmr 


Lehman, Robert, fmr 


Kiple, Murray, carp 


Lehman, Rudy, blksmth 


Kiple, Noah, carp 


Lehman, Samuel, carp 


Kirkeberg, Knute, fmr 


Lehman, Theodore, fmr 


Klingman, C. W., fmr 


Lehman, Tofield, fmr 


Klingman, Edward, bbr 


Levi, Nels., fmr 


Klingman, Mart, fmr 


Levi, William, Ibr 


Kniel, Charles S., mcht 


Lewis, Thomas, painter 


Kniel & Rubyor, mchts , 


Lien, Even, fmr 


Knudtson, Carl, Ibd 


Light, Albert, fmr 


Knudtson, Holvert, mcht 


Light, Fred, fmr 


Knudston, Olavus, fmr 


Lind, Oscar, fmr 


Knudston, 0. T., fmr 


Lindt, E. M., fmr 


Knudston, Thomas, rl est 


Loetscher, Christian, fmr 


Knudston, Torkel, fmr 


Loetscher, Ernest, Ibr 


Kohler, Albert, fmr 


Loftsgoard Brcs., fmrs 


Kohler Bros., fmrs 


Loftsgoard Nels fmr 


Kohler, Edward, fmr 


Louis, Martie, fmr 


Kohler, Fred, Sr., fmr 


1 iichKinger, Melchoir, fmr 


Kohler, F. E., fmr 


I uchsinger, Peter, fmr 


Kohler, Mrs. Jacob 


LuRdt. E. M., fmr 


Kohler, John, fmr 


Lyon, Frank, fmr 





P™ HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOHS 



Cleaning^ Pres sing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



207 



Lyons, Mary, housekeeper 
Mc 

McGee, Ann, housekeeper 

McGee Bros., fmrs 

McGee, William, fmr 

McKeller, Peter, rtd 

McMillen, H. M., fmr 

M 

Mann, Delbert S., Ibr 

Mann, Wilford, Ibr 

Martie, Ema 

Martie, Joseph 

Martie, Louis, fmr 

Martie, Rachael 

Martin, G. E., Ibr 

Martin, John, Ibr 

Mathis, Uly., fmr 

Matthys, Ephram, fmr. . . 

Matthys, F. G., fmr 

Matthys, Mrs. Mary, fmr. . 

Matthys, Ole, fmr 

May, David, fmr 

May, Robert, fmr 

Mead, M. C, Ibr 

Medberry, Charles, fmr. . . 
Medberry, Frank, fmr.... 

Medberry, G. E., fmr 

Messerli. Fred, fmr 

Meyer, Christ, fmr 

Meyer, Ernest, fmr 

Meyer, George, fmr 

Miller, A. E,, fmr 

Miller, Christian, fmr 

Miller, Felix, fmr 

Miller, Fred, Ibr 

Miller, F. C, Ibr 

Miller, G. L., fmr 

Miller, H.. Ibr 

Miller, Henry C, fmr 

Miller, Mrs. John 

Miller, J. B., fmr 



Miller, J. F. Jr., fmr 

Miller, J. F. Sr., fmr 

Miller, Mrs. J. O., 

Miller, J. W., fmr 

Miller, Tom, fmr 

Miller, Wesley, fmr 

Miller, Wm. B., fmr 

Moats, David, rtd 

Monnahan, Charles, imp dlr 

Monnahan, I. J., livery 

Monnahan, Maurice, fmr 

Monnahan, Mrs. M. J., fmr 

Monnahan, Michael, fmr 

Monahan, William, merch 

Moor, C, Ibr 

Moore, Ed. O., fm'r 

Mork, Knute, fmr 

Mork, Ole, fmr 

Mork, Peter, carp and fmr 

Morse, S. W., fmr 

Mosby, A. O., fmr 

Mosby, Carl, Ibr 

Mosby, Samuel, clerk 

Moser, Christopher, Ibr ^ 

Moser, Craig, Ibr 

Moser. C. Jr., Ibr 

Mosier, Rudolph, wagonmkr 

Mounce, Joe, Ibr 

Muehlenthaler Bros., druggists 

Muehlenthaler, Fred, druggist 

Muehlenthaler, John, Ibr 

Muehlenthaler, Rosa 

Muehlenthaler, R. W., druggist 

N 

Nelson, B., fmr 

Nelson, Even, fmr 

Nelson, Gilbert O., fmr 

Nelson, Ole L., fmr 

Nelson, P., fmr 

Nelson, Simon, fmr 

Neuenswander, George R., wagonmkr 

Nicklaus Elizabeth 

Nicklaus, Mary A 



phone: © 8 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



K^l W. G. FETTKETHER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



14 FIRST AVENUE SOUTHi 



208 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Nickols, Judd. Ibr 

Nilson, Christ L., fmr. 
Nutting, S. F., fmr. .. 
Nydegger, Fred, fmr. 
Nygoard, Hans, fmr. . 



Odegaard, Carl K., Ibr. . . . 
Odegnard, Knute K., Ibr. . 

Olson. Asle, fmr 

Olson, Gus.. fmr 

Olson. Halm Nils, fmr. . . 

Olson, Halvor, fmr 

Olson, Julius, fmr 

Oleson, Millie, Ibr 

Olson, Ole, fmr 

Oleson, Ole J., Ibr 

Olson, O. K., fmr 

Olson, Thomas C, fmr. . . 

Oleson, Tom J., Ibr 

Olson, Torkel, fmr 

O'Neil, Simon B., fmr... 
Ostrander. Earl A., Ibr.. 
Oswald, Lewis H., merch. 
Overbeck Henry, fmr. . . 



Patterson, A. L., fmr 

Patterson. E. J., fmr 

Patterson, Elver L., Ibr. 

Patterson. Hugh 

Patterson, Joseph, fmr. 

Patterson. Mrs. J. R 

Patterson. Sarah A 

Patterson, S. S., fmr 

Patterson, W. W., fmr. . 

Peeper, Mrs. Mary 

Peters, A. H.. Ibr 

Peters, C A., Ibr 

Peters, Elick, fmr 

Peters, Robert, fmr 

Peters, Vine, fmr 

Peters. Wales, fmr 



Peterson, Henry, fmr 

Peterson, Kittle, imr 

Peterson. Ole K.. fmr 

Phillips, Everett, Ibr 

Phillips, J. I., fmr 

Phillips, Jesse P., fmr 

Pinney, Elmer, Ibr 

Pinney, Olden, Ibr 

Pollock, V/illiam, fmr 

Pritchard, Walter, fmr 

Pritchard, William, fmr 

Pritchard, Wm. Jr., fmr 

Pulver, Rudy, fmr 

R 

Rear, Henry, fmr 

Reed, L. W., fmr 

Reed, Wm., fmr 

Reichert. Fred, fmr 

Reiorson, Reier, fmr 

Reinhart, Andrew, Ibr 

Reinhart, Jacob, Sr., fmr 

Reinhart, Maria, housekeeper. 

Reinhart, Rudolph, fmr 

Reitz, Fred., fmr 

Rensser, Christian, fmr 

Reple, Mtirray, Ibr 

Rhinehart, Fred, fmr 

Rhinehart, Mrs. Jac, fmr. . . . 

Rhinehart, Ugland, fmr 

Rhinehart, Waiter, fmr 

Richards, Thos., fmr 

Rierson, Ole, fmr 

Ritchie, Jasper, Ibr 

Ritz, John, fmr 

Ritz. Magdalena, housekeeper. 

Robbins, F. K., rtd 

Robbins, H. F., fmr 

Robbins, .Tohn, fmr 

Robbins, W. W., fmr 

Rocktassel, Nickolas, fmr. . . . 
Rodgers, Edward, hotelman.. 

Rolfs Bros., fmrs 

Rolfs, Charlotte, housekeeper. 



J. W. RIDLER 

^jt MANAGER OPERA HOUSE ^^ 



'fr A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Drugs- 



Books' 



Stationery 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



209 



Rolfs, Herman, farmer. 

Rolfs, John, fmr 

Rolfs, Theodore, fmr 

Rothlisberger, Charles, Ibr 

Rothksberger, Cora, housekeeper. 
Rcthlesberger, E., housekeeper... 

Rothlisberger, Mrs. E., fmr 

Rothlesberger, Fred, fmr 

Rothlesberger, John, fmr 

Rubj'er, Sydney W., merch 

Ruegg, Kate, fmr 

Rurodin, Albert, Ibr 

Rurodin, Olaf , fmr 

Rurodin, Ole, fmr 

Rurodin, T. C 

Ryemon, R. L., fmr 



Sampson, Lars, fmr 

Schaer, Jacob, fmr 

Schaffer, Israel, fmr 

Scheel, Herman, fmr 

Schlupp, Alfred, Ibr 

Schlupp, Fred., merch 

Schmid, F. W., fmr 

Schmid, J. C, fmr 

Schmid, Theodore C, merch 

Schmid, Theodore & Son, harnessmki 

Schmidt, Mrs. August, fmr 

Schmidt, F. T., fmr 

Schneider, Benj, Sr., fmr 

Schneider, Benj. Jr., fmr 

Schneider, Fred., fmr 

Schneider, Joseph, Sr., fmr 

Schneider, Joseph, Jr., carp 

Schopp, Orlando, fmr 

Schori, Benjamin, stockbuyer 

Schori, Earnest, stockbuyer 

Schori, Fred E, fmr 

Schori, George N., Ibr 

Schori, Mrs. Lillie, housekeeper 

Schori, Alb., stockbuyer 

Schori, Benj., stock dealer 

Schori, Ernest, Ibr 



I Schori, George, Ibr 

Schori, George E., bkpr 

Schori, N., rtd 

Schricker, Jacob, Ibr 

Schricker, Maggie, housekeeper. 

Echupback, Fred, fmr 

Schwitzer, Christ, Jr., fmr 

Schwitzer, Christ, Sr., fmr 

Seaver, Frank, Ibr 

Service, Mrs. R , 

Shaffer, C. L., fmr 

Shaffer, John, fmr 

Shaffer, Ray, fmr 

Shipton, H. F., fmr 

Simpson, Knute, Ibr 

Skarshong, Henry, fmr. 

Skarshong, H. O., fmr 

Skarshong, Mary, housekeeper. . 

Skoien, Lars, fmr 

Smith, Frank M., merch 

Smith, Fred, fmr 

Smith, W. C, fmr 

I Sova, Frank, merch 

Spahr, F. G., fmr 

Spahr & Kohler, fmrs 

Stahl, Eugene, Ibr 

Stahl, Marv, weaver 

Stahl, W. B., Ibr... 

Stansberry, George, fmr , 

Stepanek. Frank, cigarmkr 

Stoeckmann, C. F., preacher 

Stoehr & Co., drugs 

Stoehr, Eugene, merch 

Stoehr, George, merch 

Stoehr, Gustave, W., mei'ch 

Stole, J. H., fmr 

Strei, Ed., fmr 

Strong, C. L., fmr 

Strcng, C. W.. fmr 

Snyder, Bmil, ibr , 



Sullivan, Oscar, Ibr. 
Sullivan. Wm., rtd.. 
Sutter, John, Ibr. . . 
Sutter. Rahel , 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE mmWl CITIZEN 




BBB^neasi 



BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 

phone: 50. no. 1S first ST. SOUTH 



210 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Tebbets, G. W., fmr 

Tebbets, H.. fmr 

Thoma, August, merch 

Thoma Bros., merchants 

Thoma, Max, merch 

Thomann, Timothy, fmr 

Thomann, Timothy Mrs., housekeeper. 

Thompson, Albert, fmr 

Thorndilve, T. D., railrd agent 

Thorson, T. H., fmr 

Thorson, Ole, fmr 

Thorson, Thoe 

Tollifson, I., fmr 

Torl^elson, Ole, fmr 

Trudo, Wyman, fmr 



Vikan, Halver, fmr.... 
Vinton, W. H. Jr, Ibr. 
Vinton, W. H., Sr.. fmr. 

W 



Wade, Lee, deputy recorder.. 

Walton, F. S., saloon , 

Wander. Charles, fmr 

Wander, E. W., fmr 

Wander. George, fmr 

Wander, Mary 

Wander <& Sons, tmrs 

Wander, Val, Ibr 

Wander, Wm. F., fmr 

Webb, M. G., Ibr 

Webb, Sarah A., housekeeper. 

Wegmiller, Fred, Ibr 

Weibel, Adolph 

Weibel, Alfred, Ibr 

Weibel, Benjamin, Ibr 

Weibel, Fritz, Ibr 

Wenger, Christ, fmr , 

Wengcr, Fred, Ibr 

Wetleson. Lars, fmr 



Wettleson, T., fmr 

White, C. F., fmr 

Wickham, S. E 

Wikan, H. H., fmr 

Wilbur, C, fmr , 

Wille. Fred 

Williams, J. Harold, teacher. 

Wilson, James, fmr 

Wilson. John, fmr 

Wilson, William, Ibr 

Wilson, Rachel, fmr 

Wilson, Robert, Jr., fmr 

Wilson, Robert, Sr., fmr 

Wilson & Son, fmr 

Wimber, H., blksmth 

Wing, W. H., fmr 

Winkler, Hans, 

Wittkson. Mrs. Wetley, fmr. 

Y 

Yannie, Melchel, Ibr 

FAIRBANKS. 

A 

Adam, Carl, fmr 

Adams, Bert 

Adams, F 

Agnew, Mrs. Ward 

B 

Bahe, August, fmr 

Balensefen, Barney, fmr 

Betts, J. A 

Bockholt, H. J., fmr 

Brant, A 

Breakman, Fred, fmr 

Busby, Jas., fmr 

Buzhholz, Wm 

C 

Cannon, Martin 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



211 



Cannon, Patrick, fmr. 

Cannon, Wm 

Caroll, C, fmr 

Clow, F. G., fmr 

Codling, Fannie J.... 
Conway, Nancy 



Daniels, Mrs. F. D. 



Ellis, B. F., rtd 

Ellis, Chas, fmr. . . 
Ellis, Daniel, fmr. . 

Ellis, Julia 

Ellis, S. A 

Englert, L. H 

Everett, F. G., fmr. 



Fay, Frank 

Finch, Henry, fmr., .. 
Finck, August, fmr... 

Fox, O. A 

Frederick, John, fmr. 

Fuller, J. H 

Fuller, J. R 



Gallop, Port 

Garvey, M. F., fmr. 

Garvey, N.,fmr 

Grieger, Geo. E 



H 

Haberkamp, Mary H. 

Hare, Chas. E 

Hausler, Alfred 

Hockins, Wm., fmr. . 



K 



King, Sarah A 

King, W. J 

Klingfuss, August, fmr. 

Kraft, Chas. H 

Kuenzel, C. H., mcht. . 



Lacey, Mrs. F 

Leonard, Bridget . . . , 
Lickiss, Robert, fmr. 
Lockwood, L. N., rtd. 
Lodwig, W. ,F., fmr. . 

Lyon, Charles 

Lyon, J. B 



Mc 

McCormick, Martin, fmr. 

McCuniff, Thos 

McDonald, Thos., fmr 

McQueen, Prof., tchr. . . . 



M 



Maley, Charles, fmr. 
Mathews, E. T., fmr. 
Mealey, C. M., fmr. . 

Miller, A. L 

Miller, G. F 



N 



Nealand, Adolph 

Newton, E. M., fmr 

Newman, Gustave, fmr. 
Nuss, C. C, fmr 



Omalia, Thos 

Ott, Mathias, fmr. 
Ott, Rudolph, fmr. 



B RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



212 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Piegors, L. W 

Potts, John 

R 

Regonald, M. M.. Ibr 

Regonald, O. J 

Reiter, Gustave, fmr... 

Reiter, Wm., fmr 

Ridden, Barney 

Ridden, Joseph, fmr 

Ridden, J. F., fmr 

Rundle, Richard, fmr. . . 
Rundle, Robt. W., fmr. 
Ryan, John, fmr 

S 

Sayles, W. O 

Shaw, N. A 

Shelton, Fred T., fmr. . . 

Sims, E. F 

Sims, G. A 

Smalley, J. C, harness. . 
Smith, Herman, btchr. . 

Springer, John, fmr 

Staach, Henry 

Stufflebeam, H. M., Ibr. . 

V 

Valentine, John, fmr... 
W 

Welsh, E. J., fmr , 

Welsh, John, fmr 

Z 
Zi-:rjack, Christ., fmr.. 



FAYETTE. 

A 

Abel, H. C, fmr 

Adams, Francis, fmr 

Adams, O. C, fmr 

Adams, Samuel 

Alderson, Mrs. P 

Allen, Chas. F'., clerk 

Allen, Harrison, Ibr 

Alwood, Mrs. Joseph, fmr 

Amos, Ance, Ibr 

Ashbaugh, Mrs. N. J 

Ashby, Clyde, fmr 

Ashby, Fred, fmr 

Ashby, O. W 

Aylesworth, W. B., housemover. 

B 

Babcock, Q. C, rtd 

Bacon, Henry, fmr 

Badger, Bert, fmr 

Badger, H., fmr 

Bailey, George, Ibr 

Bailey, H. M., mcht 

Bailey, Joseph, Ibr 

Bailey, O. E., groc 

Bailey, Albert, Ibr 

Baker, F. E., fmr 

Baker, F. L., M. D 

Baker, M. Y„ Dr 

Baker, Dr. W. M 

Baldwin, C 

Ball, Wm., Jr., fmr 

Ball, Wm. H., fmr 

Banning, Frank, Ibr 

Banning, P. S., Ibr 

Bark, Mrs. Carrie, fmr 

Bark, John, Ibr 

Barnes, C. P., fmr 

Barr, Catherine 

Barr, Thos., fmr 

Barrett, J. D., fmr 

Bass, Bertha 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL ME4LEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water j^ j^ j^ ^ 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



213 



Bass, Carrie 

Bass, Sidney, fmr 

Bass, Sophrina, fmr 

Bassett, John, fmr 

Bates, G. A 

Beach, F., tel. opr. 

Beach, O. M., blksmth... 

Belsford, Sam, fmr 

Beldin, N., fmr 

Belknap, Bessie, fmr. . . . 

Belknap, Ed., fmr 

Bender, H. A., rtd 

Bennett, Prof., teacher. . . 

Berkstresser, Celia 

Bigelow, H. N., fmr 

Bills, Carl, fmr 

Bills, Mrs. M. E., fmr 

Bleeden, David, junkman 
Bolton, J. W., drayman. 
Boyce, J. H., jeweler.... 

Bratt, A., 

Bray, William, 

Bremer, U. R 

Brewer, A. M., fmr 

Briggs, H. H 

Briggs, J. S., fmr 

BronsOn, Minnie, 

Brooks, Bertha, nurse . . . 

Brooks, G. L., carp , 

Bronn, Geo 

Brown, W. J., fmr 

Bucknell, J. W 

Buetzberger, Earnest. . . . 

Bunnell, Wm., fmr 

Burch, Wm 

Burger, Ed., fmr 

Burger, Eli, rtd 

Burger, J. W., fmr 

Burkholder, George 

Burlingame, H 

Burmaster, F., fmr 

Butler, J. J., mason 

Butler, Lydia 

Butts, Arthur, fmr 

Butts, E. C, fmr 



Cain, C. W., Ibr 

Calhaun, H. Z., fmr 

Calkins, J. G., operator. . . . 

Calkins, Wm., rtd 

Callender, A. W., attorney. 

Campbell, Alpha, fmr 

Canfield, H. S., hotel 

Cannell, Geo., fmr 

Cannell, D. B., fmr 

Caudle, M. H., fmr 

Carmichael, Wm., fmr... 
Carmichael, Fred G., fmr. 
Carmichael, M. M., fmr.;.. 
Carpenter, Carl, student. . 
Carpenter, C. R., banker... 

Carroll, John, stock 

Carter, A. A., merchant... 

Carter, G. W 

Cavanaugh, Mrs. Phil 

Chaffln, G. W., retd 

Chapman, R. A., Ibr 

Chittenden, D. W., rtd 

Chittenden, Fred, fmr 

Chittenden, Frank R., fmr. 

Clark, A. H., Ibr 

Clark, J. C, rtd 

Clark, L. G., p. o 

Clark, S. C, mail carrier. 

Claxton, I. C., fmr 

Claxton, Margaret 

Claxton, J. A., rtd fmr 

Clegg, Erskine, fmr 

Clegg, Virgil, fmr 

Clegg, Wm 

Clothier, W. N., rtd 

Clothier, Ed., fmr 

Clow, L. M., fmr 

Clow, P. S 

Cobb, Sidney, capitalist. . . 
Cole, Mary C., dressmaker. 

Cole, O. C, printer 

Cole, L. L., fmr 

Coleman, Floyd, Ibr 

Coleman, Joseph, fmr.... 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THIT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



lid Colonial" ^ m 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer ^^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



21i 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Collett, D. C, fmr 

Collet, Guy, fmr 

Collins, C. C, Ibr 

Collins, M., Ibr 

Collins, Percy 

Comstock, Arthur, p. o 

Comstock, Carrie 

Comstock, G. E., postmaster 

Coiiistock, W. W., court reporter 

Cook, Nora 

Cooper, Fred, fish peddler 

Corbin, Wm., fish peddler , 

Cornelius, O 

Cornelius, V 

Cornish, E. A., fmr 

Cornish, Lewis, fmr , 

Coselman, Adeline, rtd fmr 

Cox. Timothy, fmr 

Craig, Dr 

Crandall, D. V., fmr 

Crandall, Mabel, teacher 

Crandall, W. H 

Crawford, R., fmr 

Crawley, Daniel, rtd , 

Crissey, Adeline R 

Cronk, B. F., rtd 

Cronk, Martin, fmr 

Crooks, Frank, fmr 

Cross, Wm., fmr 

Crow, A. T., Ibr 

Crowe, Milton, fmr 

Crubaugh, J. G 

Culbertson, Warren T., fmr 

Cullins, I. M., fmr 

Culver, John, fmr 

Cummings, Bert 

Cunningham, Rose 



Davis, Byron, fmr. . . 
Davis, Silas S., fnu-. 
Davis, Frank, fmr. . 
Davis, Geo. A., fmr. 
Davis, James, rtd... 
Davis, James, fmr. . 



Davis, J. B., fmr 

Davis, Josiah, fmr 

Davis, L. E., fmr 

Davis, Lottie B 

Davis, Lottie O 

Davis, Alice 

Dean, S. G., fmr 

De Bow, C. H., fmr 

Deeds, D., fmr 

Deeds, Jesse, Ibr 

Denier, A. N., fmr 

Dennis, M. B., Ibr 

Denniston, W. C, mcht.... 

Dickinson, J. E., fmr 

Dickinson, B., veterinary. 
Dickman, J. W., teacher... 

Dixon, B. W., fmr 

Doland, A. D., fmr 

Doland, John, fmr 

Donat, W. E., fmr 

Doncke, Augustus 

Dorman, J. M., dentist.... 

Doud, O. A., rtd 

Doughty, A. M., fmr 

Doughty, John, fmr 

Doughty, W. W., fmr 

Douglas, Mrs. Carrie 

Dowse, George, fmr 

Drier, Wm., fmr 

Dudley, Mrs 

Duggan, W. P., fmr 

Dye, V. E., fmr 



Eastman, R. E., fmr 

Eastman, S., fmr 

Edmunds, J. M., mach 

Ellery, Mrs. G. W., millinery. 

Elliott, Charles H 

Estey, Charles, prt 

Eustis, J. S., fmr 



Fauser, Samuel, Ibr. 



PH HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & BRAUER, TaJInrR 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



215 



Field, Edith 

Field, Peter, Ibr 

Fifield, W. C. fmr 

Finch, C. C, fmr 

Finch, G. B., rtd 

Finch, W. G., fmr 

Finney, Harry, student... 

Finney, S. B., mcht 

Fockler, Amelia, fmr 

Fockler, Joe, fmr 

Fockler, Lizzie, fmr 

Folsom, Hiram, fmr 

Follett, Chas., Ibr 

Fouser, A. M., fmr 

Foote, A. L., fmr 

Fordyce, G., fmr 

Fox, A. J., mer 

Fox, Earnest, fmr 

Fox, Mrs. George 

Fox, G. T., 

Frayer, George, Ibr 

Frayer, Wm., section boss. 

Fryer, Nannie 

Fussell, E. C, fmr 

Fussell, M. H., fmr 

Fussell, O. G., fmr 

Fussell, Roy, fmr 



Gallagher, T. H., student 

Gantenbein, John 

Gardner, Doc, Ibr 

Gaynor, George, mch 

Gemmil, Miss M. E., dressmkr. 

Gennrich, John, fmr 

Gill, F. W., restaurant 

Gilmer, H. E., fmr 

Goodrich, A. N., carpenter 

Gordon, Samuel, fmr 

Graf, John, hdwe 

Graf, Peter, hdwe 

Grannis, H. J., rtd 

Grannis, J. L., rtd 

Graves, L. T., broker 

Gray, Bert, fmr 



Gray, H. W., mcht 

Greenough, A. L., fmr 

Greenwell, Mary and Libbie. 

Gress, Leon, Ibr 

Grummitt, A., fmr 

Grummitt, John, fmr 

Guinn, Albert, fmr 



H 



Hackert, T. E., fmr 

Haines, Maggie B. 

Hall, D. F 

Hamrich, Charles, fmr. . . 

Hamrich, J., fmr 

Hancock, B. P., clerk.... 

Hanchett, Solen, fmr 

Hanks, E. E., Ibr 

Hannie, D. R., Ibr 

Harkin, W. H., fmr 

Harnoz, Mrs., fmr 

Harrison, A. A., fmr 

Hartman, George, mcht... 

Hartman, M. J., clo 

Hass, Herman 

Hastings, John, fmr 

Havenstrite, J. B., fmr... 

Hawn, Clara 

Hawn, L., fmr 

Hay ward, E. F 

Hays, John 

Hay ward, Eva R 

Heath, A. L., drayman. . . 

Heath, Frank, fmr 

Henry, Emma 

Hensley, A. J., rtd 

Hensley, R. L., fmr 

Hildebrant, A Ibert 

Hildebrandt, Henry, fmr. 

Hildebrant, John 

Hildebrant, Peter, fmr... 

Hill, G. B., mcht 

Holmes, A. M., fmr 

Holmes, C. O 

Holmes, Milan, teacher... 
Holmes, Mrs. Samuel, fmr 



phone: 98 



BELL OiOlRDS 

PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



W. G. FETTKETHE 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 

BOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS, PKCNE 32 



!16 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Holmes, E. W 

Holmes, Frank, rtd 

Holmes, Fred, fmr 

Holmes, F. D 

Holmes, Wm. O., Ibr.... 

Holtzman, O. E 

Holtznian, Jesse W 

Homewood, Alfred, fmr. 
Homewcod, Henry, fmr. 
Homewood, Ira, fmr.... 

Hortmon, E. N 

Hotchkiss, C 

Houlsworth, Mrs 

Houlsworth, Sam 

Horton,, D., fmr 

Howe, Jessie, drecsmkr. 

Howe, E. C 

Howell, Julia A 

Hoyt, C. H., elect 

Hoyt, Elma L 

Hoyt, F. A., rl est 

Hubbell, M. S., fmr 

Hills, Ed., fmr 

Hiimiston, Ed., clerk. . . . , 

Hunnewell, M., fmr 

Hunt, W. E., fmr 



Ingersoll, C. J., attorney. 

Ingersoll, J. H., rtd 

Irwin, J. H., fmr 



Jellings, D. B 

Jennings, James 

Jennison, P. E., fmr 

Johnson, A. P., fmr 

Johnson, Charles 

Johnson, J. K., fmr 

Johnson, Samuel 

Johnson, Sarah E 

Jones, G. M., liveryman. 

Joyce, Patrick, fmr 

Jubb, P. E., rtd 



K 



Keig, Thos., fmr 

Keil, F. A., fmr 

Kelly, Edward G 

Kelly, iviatt, fmr 

Kelly, Wm., carp 

Kendrick, F. S., laundryman 

Kernahan, Mrs. J. E 

Khunes, John, fmr 

Kidder, Jesse, fmr 

Killerlain, Charles, fmr 

Killeiiain, James, fmr 

Killerlain, Timothy, fmr 

Kimpston, Frank, fmr 

King, F. W., fmr 

King, Thos. J 

King, Truman J., Ibr 

Kinyon, E. H., justice of the peace. 

Knight, Alban, tmstr 

Knight, Arthur, blksmth 

Knight, A. E 

Knight, C. W., miller 

Knight, E. C 

Knight, Horace, blksmth 

Knight, John Jr., blksmth 

Knight, Milo, Ibr 

Knight, Riley, fmr 



Lantz, Ernest, Ibr 

Lane, H., Ibr 

Lane, Nellie, teacher 

Langerman, Charles, fmr 
Langerman, Ed., fmr. . . . 
Langerman, Fred, fmr. . 

Langerman, John 

Lantz, Charles 

Lapier, N. M 

Latimer, R. Z., tinner. . . 

Lease, A. H., fmr 

Leace, J. W., rtd 

Lee, Mrs. Josephine 

Leitch, John 

Lembke, David 



j«a« SECURE DATES EARLY AT Jiwt 




idler's 




'iiT A. C. WILSON iis 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



217 



Lewis, J. I., fmr 

Lewis, Tom, fmr 

Light, F. A., painter 

Linn, H. S., rtd fmr 

Llewllyn, C, fmr 

Llewllyn, W 

Lockwood, E. H., fmr 

Loomis, Arthur, fmr 

Loomis, Carl, fmr 

Loomis, F. E., Ibr 

Loomis, H. J., Ibr 

Loomis, J. M 

Luce, Ambrose, Ibr 

Luce, Earnest, Ibr 

Luce, G. N 

Luce, Orlando, fmr 

Luce, Samuel, fmr 

Luce, Stephen 

Luce, W. W 

Lyons, Chas., Ibr 

Lyons, Mrs., fmr 

Lynch, H. M., fmr 

Lynch, Ju,mes, fmr 

Lynch, Wm., drayman 

Mc 

McCann, Geo., shoomkr 

McCann, George, Jr., Ibr. . . , 

McCarthy, J. E., rtd 

McCarthy, Roy, student 

McComb, Sarah, laundry..., 

McComb, S. W., fmr. . . ' 

McDonald, Mrs. C, laundry 

McGarvey, A. N., fmr 

McGee, Earnest, fmr 

McGee, Harry, Ibr 

McGee, John, fmr 

McGee, Theodosia M 

McGoon, John, fmr 

Mcintosh, J. S., teacher 

McLean, J. W., Dr 

McNane, Wm., Ibr , 

McNaul, David, Ibr 

McNaul, J. F., Ibr 

McNaul, N. A 



M 

Mabon, George W., fmr 

Mackey, Alden M 

Mackey, H. W 

Miadison, Eliz., dressmkr 

Magee, John, student 

Magee, Rev. John C 

Marvin, J. H., miller , 

Marvin, Mrs. Joseph, Ibr 

Masters, Ray , 

Masters, Stephen, fmr 

Masters, Thos., fmr 

Mathews, Hiram, fmr 

Maxfield, Samuel, fmr 

May, J. J., fmr 

Mayer, Ernest, fmr 

Metzgar, Hattie M , 

Metzgar, L. H., fmr 

Miller, J. E., fmr 

Miner, Irv., fmr 

Mitchell, J. M., rtd 

Mittlestadt, Elpha, dressmkr.... 

Mittlestadt, F. J., carp 

Mittlestadt, John, Ibr , 

Mittlestadt, Mrs. R., bdg hse... 
Moloney, Martin, station agent. 

Moore, C. B., fmr 

Moore, Ed., fmr 

Moore, Fred 

Moore, George, fmr 

Moore, J. E 

Moore, Miss L., Ibr 

Moore, Mrs. Lucy, bakery 

Morrison, H. B., fmr 

Mott, Ezra 

Mott, George, fmr 

Mott, Mengo, fmr 

Mott, Mrs. S. J 

Mculton, Clarence, fmr 

Moulton, Ed., fmr 

Murphy, George, fmr 

Munger, O. S. Mrs 

Muzzleman, Adam, fmr 

Myers, Eli 



V» ^ ^ >^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO ^i* ^ ^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Kernahan & Gosse \ ttMffi 



PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers 



• • • • 



218 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



N 



Neelans, James, fmr 

Neelans, John W., fmr 

Neff, C. D., Prof. Music 

Newcomer, J. F., mason... 

Newton, John, farmer 

Nichols, Frank, fmr 

Nichols, Mrs. Nettie 

Noble, George B., blksmth. 
Nobles, Mrs. Robert, rtd. 



Odeldrk, H. E., fmr 

Odekirk, Willard, fmr... 

Odekirk, W. E., 

Ogden, B. D., fmr 

Older, Ei:a 

Oliver, Geo. A., teacher. 

O'Neil, James 

O'Neil, R., fmr 

Orr, James W., fmr 

Orr, Mrs. Martha 

Orvis, James ,rtd 

Osburn, James, fmr 

Ostrander, C. E 

Owens, M. L., fmr 



Page, Ren 

Paine, J. L., fmr 

Palmer, O. L 

Palmer, George O 

Pangburn, Wm 

Parkor, James, fmr 

Parker, J. D. Dr 

Parker, L. G., fmr 

Parker, T. R., fmr 

Parker, Thomas, fmr. . . . 
Parsons, G. W., assessor. 

Patterson, Ed., Ibr 

Patterson, Mabel, teacher 
Patterson, Samuel, rtd.. 
Pattison, R. M., fmr 



Pattison, Geo 

Pattison, Frank, fmr 

Pattison, Herbert J., fm,r. 

Pattison, M. W., fmr 

Paul, Charles, fmr 

Paul, Fay, fmr 

Paul, George, fmr 

Paul, H 

Paul, James, fmr 

Paul, Jesse, fmr 

Paul, John, fmr 

Paul, Orange, fmr 

Paul, Willis, fmr 

Payne, A. S., rtd 

Payne, C. F., printer 

Payne, Fitch, Ibr 

Payne, S. T., fmr 

Payne, W. H., Sr 

Payne, W. H., Jr 

Peaks, A. G., student 

Perkins, C. E 

Perkins, Warren, fmr 

Perry, Mary I 

Peterman, T. D., atty 

Peterman, W. W., fmr. . . . 
Peterson, P. E., barber. . . . 

Pettit, A. M., Ibr 

Pettit, John, Ibr 

Pettitt, Wm 

Pond, H. A., btchr 

Pooler, C. L., fmr 

Pooler, Robert, fmr 

Poppenhagen, Fred, fmr. . . 

Porter, M.,R. F. D 

Potter, Mrs. John, Ibr 

Potter, Perry, fmr 

Potter, T. W., fmr 

Potter, W. W., fmr 

Preston, C. W., fmr 

Preston, Jay W 

Preston, L. H., fmr 

Price, George, fmr 

Pritchard, D. L., fmr 

Proctor, Daniel, fmr 



-VISIT: 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 21 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP ui^uj THAT'S ALL 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



219 



Raftus, Edw., fmr 

Raftus, James, fmr 

Rathbun, Charles W., fmr 

Rathbun, D. C, mcht 

Rathbun, G. D., mcht 

Rathbun, J. C, fmr 

Rau, Joe and Wince, fmrs , 

Reed, Wm., fmr 

Ressler, F. J., fmr 

Rhineheimer, G. W., fmr 

Rice, C. W 

Richards, Z. M., fmr 

Ricketts, Chas., Ibr 

Ricketts, Walter, Ibr 

Ricketts, Lem 

Rickert, H. F., drgst 

Rickert, W. M. Co., drugs 

Robbins, J. A., fmr 

Robertson, F. M., rtd 

Robertson, George, well driller. 

Robinson, H. J., jv/lr 

Robinson, J. W 

Robinson, Mrs. J. F 

Rush, H. E 

Russell, A , 

Russell, E. A., fmr 



S 



Salisberry, Henry, fmr. 
Saltsgiver, O. J., fmr... 
Sanders, F. E., carp. . . . , 

Sanders, John 

Sanders, Roy, carp 

Sanderson, Dr. (Rev.) . . 
Schaefer, Henry, fmr..., 

Schamel, A 

Scobey, Charles, grocer.. 
Scobey & Co., groceries. 

Scobey, E. B., mcht 

Scobey, Martha E., fmr. . 

Serene, Maggie 

Servoss, G. B 

Servoss, J. J 



Shadbolt, W., fmr 

Shafer, Henry 

Shaif er, Adam, fmr 

Shaffer, A. J., fmr 

Shaffer, David, rtd 

Shaffer, Fred, barber , 

Shaffer, Gus, tlr 

Shaffer, G. L., barber 

Shaffer, L. D., fmr 

Shanklin, Dr. W. A., pres U I U. 

Shefford, Al 

Sheldon, Amelie C 

Sheppard, J. F 

Shepherd, S. B., fmr 

Sheve, F. C, fmr 

Shierry, L. C., bbr 

Shierry, Hattie 

Shirley, J. W., rtd 

Shoemaker, J. M., Ibr 

Showalter, C, rtd 

Simon, Harry, carp 

Simonson, B. F., tchr 

Sinnott, P. N., fmr 

Sisley, J. L., fmr 

Skeels, Al., Ibr 

Skeels, Mont, Ibr 

Skeels, Minnie 

Skinner, John, student 

Skinner, Rev 

Smith, J. H. & C. F 

Smith, Mrs. Eliz 

Smith, Edward 

Smith, Fred 

Smith, Mrs. Finley, rtd 

Smith, Martin, fmr 

Smith, Perry Ibr 

Smith, Susie, Mrs 

Spatcher, Bert, fmr 

Sperry, A. J 

Sperry, W. A., fmr. . 

Sprague, Lewis 

Stansberry, Albert C 

Stansbury, J. K., fmr 

Starr, Mrs. B., fmr 

Starr, Frank, fmr 

Stearns, Aurelia S 



B RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor- 



220 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Steggall, A., Ibr 

Steggall, A. J., rtd 

Step, A., fmr 

Stepp, James, fmr 

Stevenson, J. M., fmr 

Stevenson, Oliver, fmr... 

Stevenson, W. B., rtd 

Stranahan, L. M., rtd 

Strayer, V. E., fmr 

Stranahan, W. A., fmr 

Stnrch, Frank, fmr 

Sturch, Geo. F., teacher. 

Sturch, John, Ibr 

Swartley, Frank, mcht... 

Swartley, C. M., fmr 

Swartlev, John W., rtd. . . 

Sweet, D. H., fm^r 

Sykes, Albert, ptr 

T 

Tann, John, fmr 

Tatro. O. W., fmr 

Taylor, Charles L., fmr. . . 

Taylor, Henry, fmr 

Temple, Rev 

Thomas, B. A , 

Thomas, Mrs. S. E., tchr., 

Thompson, A. H 

Thompson, Ralph, fmr. . . . 

Thompson, W. H 

Thompson, Z. D 

Thorp, Mrs. B., rtd 

Timmerman, W. L., fmr.. 

Tontsch, A. N 

Tracv. J. H.. restaurant. . 

Trindle, J. H 

Trout, M. N., carp 

Turner, Frank 

Turner, Jerome, Ibr 

Turner, J. W., rtd 

Turner, L. H., fmr 

Turner, Robert 

Twitchell, Mrs. M. E., rtd 



U 

Underwood, Harry 

Tipton, E. i.., fmr 

W 

Wagner, C. J., fmr 

Walker, Dell 

Walker, Edmund, fmr. . . , 

Walker, F. S., drgs 

Walker, L. E., fmr 

Walker, Nelson 

Walker, E. D., rtd 

Ware, Frank, ptr , 

Warner, L. H., Ibr 

Warner, Mrs 

Warnke. John, Jr 

Waste, Thos., Ibr 

Watkins, George D 

Watkins, James, Ibr 

Wattles, Mrs 

Webster, Wm., fmr 

Wells, Ed, fmr 

Wells, M. L 

Wells, Wm., fmr 

Wells, W. R., fmr 

Welsh, George 

Wescott, Bert, fmr , 

Wescott, Everett, fmr. . . . 

West, C. C, carp 

West, O. B., restaurant. . . , 
White, Deacon, btchr. . . . 

White, Earn, Ibr 

White, Ed, fmr 

White, Jacob, fmr 

White, W. v., fmr 

Whitely, Charles H., fmr. 

Whitely, F. M., fmr 

Whiteley, Mrs. George.... 
Whiteley, James, fmr.... 

Whitney, A. E 

Widger, Eli, Ins 

Widger, P. G., horseman. 

Widger, P. G., Sr., rtd 

Wilbur, C. H., fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUe CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 

PAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Leaders In Pun 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > FIni 
Cigars and Sodi 
Water j* j» j» > 

221 



Wilder, O. D., R. F. D 

Wilder, Mrs. Myrtle, nurse 

Wilkinson, C. B., fmr 

Williams, Mary W., boarding house 

Williams, Mrs. M. E., fmr 

Wilson, J. H., drayman 

Wilson, Robert, Ibr 

Wilson, Thomas 

Wing, John , 

Winston, Alexander, carp 

Wolfgram, August, fmr 

Wood, W. D., fmr 

Wooldridge, Jesse, fmr 

Wright, Robert, fmr 

Wyman, Blanche , 

Wyman, F. D., fmr 

Y 

Yates, C. F., fmr 

Yates, L. H 

Young, Frank A., hdwre 

Z 

Zobornic, Jesse, fmr 

Zobornic, J. M., fmr 

GUNDER. 

E 

Erickson, Henry, fmr 

Erickson, S. G., fmr 

G 

Groth, Knudt, fmr 

Groth, K. K., fmr 

H 

Halvorsen, Clara 

Halvorson, Mary 



J 

Johnson, Dorf, fmr 

K 

Knudtson, Knute, fmr.... 
Korland, Gunder, fmr 

- L 

Levy, Hans, Ibr 

N 

Nelson, E., fmr 

Nelson, Ole, fmr 

Nelson, Simon E., fmr. ... 

Nilson, N., mcht 

Nilson, Ole G 

Nork, Thomas, fmr , 

Nyberg, Andrew, blksmth. 

O 

Oleson, carp 

Oleson, Halver, Ibr 

Oleson, Nels, milk handler. 

Oleson, O. K., fmr 

Olson, T. H., fmr 

Olson, T. J., fmr. 

R 

Rierson, R. L., fmr 

S 

Simmonds, Kunt, fmr 

timpson, K., fmr 

Stinerson, Nels, fmr 

HAWKEYE. 
A 



Abbott, H. W., fmr. 
Abbott. J. P., fmr... 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

(i^ars m loHiiao 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



222 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Ackroman, Rev. P 

Appelman, Charles, fmr. 
Arnold, Stephen, tmr. . . 

Austin, D. N., fmr 

Austin, G. H., rtd frm. . . 



B 



Barnes, W. H., restaurant 

Barnett, Stewart 

Barnhou«e, S. C, fmr 

Baumgartner, John fmr, 

Beach, C. N., Ibr 

Begalske, Wm., fmr 

Beilxus, W. H., fmr 

Belschner, E. J., fmr 

Belschner, H. P., fmr 

Belschner, John G., Ibr 

Belschner, W. C, fmr 

Belschner, W. M 

Bemis, B. S., fmr 

Bevins Bros, rl est 

Bevins, O. N., bnkrs 

Bevins, S. H., bnkrs 

Bevins, N., Mrs 

Bigalske, August, fmr 

Bigalske, Louis, fmr 

Billings, Ray 

Billings, W. H., fmr 

Blunt, J. H., rtd fmr 

Boch, Levi, Ibr 

Boeckenheuer, Charles, rtd fmr 

Boeckenheuer, F. P., fmr 

Boeckenheuer, H. L., Ibr 

Boeckenheuer, M. P., Ibr 

Boess, Adam, fmr , 

Boess, Fred, fmr 

Bogart, Frank H., fmr 

Boie, Fred, fmr 

Bopp Bros., state bank 

Bopp, Charles W 

Bopp, John G., bnkr 

Bopp, M. N., fmr 

T^ortner, George, stock buyer. . 
Bottcher, Mary, fmr , 



Brackett, E., fmr 

Bunhler, C. H., fmr 

Brockway, Isaac, fmr 

Brooks, A. H., drgst 

Brooks, George, fmr 

Brooks, Ike, fmr 

Brooks, .Joseph, fmr 

Brooks. Robert, fmr 

Brooks, Wm., fmr 

Bruihler, C. H., fmr 

Buldhaupt, Ernest, tmr.... 

Burkhart, A. C, drgst 

Burkhart, C, fmr 

Burkhart, Chris, rtd 

Burkhart, E. G., fmr 

Burkhart, F. G., rtd. fmr. . . 
Burkhart, Mrs. Mary A.,fmr 

Burling, Wm., fmr 

Burns. Robert, Imr 

Burrell, James, rtd. fmr.... 

Burrell, Mary A., fmr , 

Push, Carl, fmr 

Bush, Theodore, fmr 

Bysong, Max 

Bysong, Samuel 



Campbell, Fred, fmr 

Campbell, J. S., fmr 

Campbell, L. R., fmr 

Campbell. R. J., elevator. . . 

Carnall, T. N., R. R. agt 

Chamberlin, G. W., rtd. fmr. 

Chase, Daniel 

Chase, Fred, Ibr 

Clark, Edward, horsebuyer . 

CoUett. David, fmr 

Coons, C. A., elk 

Copp, Fred, fmr 

Cousins, Elmer, fmr 

Craft, Art., fmr 

Craft, H., fmr 

Cr?Jt, Mrs. Martha, fmr 

Crandall, Clyde, fmr 



NEXT TIME TRY .^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleanings Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS SI5,00 TO S50.00 



PAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



22^^ 



Crandall, C. R., fmr. 
Crandall, S. A., fmr... 
Craven, W. R., fmr. . 
Crawford, David . . . . 
Culbertson, C. L., elk. 
Ciimmings, H. B., ibr. 
Curtis, C. L., fmr. . . 
Curtis, K. A 



Dibble, George, fmr.... 
Dibble, Hattie E., tchr. 

Dickens, F. S., fmr 

Dietel, Ed., fmr 

Dietel, Frank, fmr 

Dietel, John, fmr 

Dietel, L. J., fmr 

Doland, E. C, fmr 

Donivan, Michael, fmr. 

Dooley, J. D., rtd 

Doty, T. J., fmr 

Downham, George, fmr. 
Downing, James, rtd . . 

Downs, Frank, fmr 

Downs, Garfield, fmr. . . 
Downs. Judson. fmr. . . . 

Downs, Rufus, fmr 

Dreier, C. J., fmr 

Dreier. Herman, fmr. . . 

Dreier, John, tmr 

Dreier, Louis, fmr 

Dreier, Wm., fmr 



Edel, Roy, fmr 

Edel, J. G., fmr 

Eitel, Ed., fmr 

Engel, F. H 

Engel, J. C, rtd. fmr. . 
Engel, Peter, rtd. fmr. 
Engelke, Fred, fmr. . . 
Engelke, Paul, bbr.... 
Ettner, Mrs. Gertrude. 



Fecleler, Carrie, fmr 

Fedeler, J. H.,fmr 

Fedeler, Wm., fmr 

Ferrill, Charles, fmr 

Ferrill, John, fmr , 

First State Bank 

Fish, Jessie, fmr 

Fish, Judd, fmr 

Fish. Louisa, imr 

Fish, W. D., imr 

Flaherty, James, imr 

Foot, H. H., fmr 

Fordyce, J. F., Ibr , 

Fordyce, L. M., f m .• 

P^'rinke. Henry, fmr 

Fritschel, G. E., Dr .,. 

Fritz, August, fmr 

Fritz, Charles, imr 

Fritz, Ed., tmr 

Fritz, William E., fmr 

Fritz, M., fmr 

Fryburg, Charles, liveryman. 



Gager, A. A., fmr 

Gager, C. G., fmr 

Gager, C. H., fmr 

Gardner, Mrs. M. A 

Gehrhart, Louis, fmr.... 

Gehring, Fred, fmr 

Geyer, Henry, fmr 

Geyer, J. H., fmr 

Gillard, J. A., Ibr 

Gillard, Mrs. M. H 

Gilmore, Eden, fmr 

GiDper, Henry, fmr 

Gipper, John, fmr 

Gcodspead, F. A., fmr. . . . 
Goodspeed, Ora, fmr. . . . 
Grannerman, August, fmr 

Green, Mrs. E 

Green, J. W., fmr 



BELL & RICHARDS 



P H O N E: 9 8. 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



is:: w. g. fettkether 



Good Teams, Easy Rigs 



Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



1-14 FIRST aveinue: SOUTHi 



224 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Green & Lyon, hdw 

Gundacker, Daniel 

Gundacker, Gustave, shoes. 

Gundacker. Henry 

Gundacker, James, fmr.... 

Gundacker, Ludwig, Ibr. . . 

Gundacker, Philip 



H 



Hack, H., fmr 

Hack; John, fmr 

Hack, Samuel 

Hatt, J. W., Ibr 

Hanchett, W. S., 

Hand, Warren, Ibr 

Hathaway, Allen, blksmth... 

Hathaway, A. K., jwlr 

Hathaway, Mrs. Caroline... 

Hathaway, U. M 

Hathaway, W. A., painter.. 
Hawkeye Packing Co....... 

Hayden, J. A., fmr 

Hayden, J. H., fmr 

Hecht, R. H., dentist 

Hehmke, Albert, fmr 

Hehmke, Ferdinand, fmr.... 

Hehmke, W. M., fmr 

Hehmke, Will, fmr 

Hehmke, Ferd, fmr 

Heich, Henry, Ibr 

Heiserman, W. E 

Held, John, fmr 

Henderson, A. W., fmr 

Henderson, Bert, fmr 

Henderson, M. V., hotel 

Henderson, M. V., Jr., bnkr. 

Henn, G., fmr 

Hiams, C. A., fmr 

Hill, Emmet, fmr 

Hockberger, Chas, fmr 

Hochberger, Eliza, fmr 

Hochberger, F. W., fmr 

Hochberger, W. H., fmr 

Hoehne, Chris, fmr 



Hoepfner, F. C, fmr 

Hoepfner, P., fmr 

House, Elmer, fmr 

House. James, fmr 

Hoyt, Charles, fmr 

Hoyt, Wm, fmr 

Hughes, D., W., fmr 

Hull, George, rtd. fmr 

Hull, Mrs. Gertrude, music tchr. 

Hull, J. A., rtd. fmr 

Hull, Melvin, stock 

Hard, W. G., hdwe 

Hyman, A. W., fmr 

Hyman, C. G., fmr 

Hyman, Wm, fmr. 



Jacobs, Harry F., clerk... 

Jacobs, N., mcht , 

Jacobs. W. H., stockman.. 

Jarchow, Fred, fmr 

Johanson. John, Ibr 

Johnson. C. E.. Ibr , 

Johnson, J. A., blksmth... 

Johnson, Leo, Ibr 

Jones, A. J., mail carrier. . 

J ones, Clarence, frm 

Jones, C. H., fmr 

Jones, George, mail carrier 

Jones, J. H., rtd 

Jordan, A. A., fmr 



K 

Kaeppel, Andrew, fmr. , 
Kangley, Peter, fmr... 
Kangley, Patrick, fmr. , 
Kelley, George, Jr., fmr 
Kelley, George, fmr.... 

Kilcher, Chris, fmr 

Kimpson, Thomas, fmr. 
Kitch, Mrs, A., fmr. . . . 

Kitch, E., fmr 

Klinger, Simon, fmr. . . . 



SEE J. W. RIDLERfOR 

Sanitary Plumbing ^Heating 



%' A. C. WILSON ss 



DrugS' 



BookS' 



Stationery 



PAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



225 



Kludt, Mrs. Dora 

Knapp, Ed., fmr 

Knoll. Fred, fmr 

Knoll, William, drgst.. 

Knox, A. D., fmr 

Knox, D. J., fmr 

Knox, E. L., fmr 

Knox, James R., fmr.. 
Knox, Joseph, fmr. ... 

Koehler, Ed., fmr 

Koehler, George, fmr. , 
Koehler, Mrs. M., fmr. 

Krause, Fred, fmr 

Kraiise, Wm., fmr 

Krueger, A. J., fmr.... 

Krueger, Fred, fmr 

Krueger, F. C, fmr. . . . 
Krueger, H. A., fmr.... 

Krueger, Wm., fmr 

Krueger, William, fmr. 



Lang, Fred, fmr 

Leathers, H. L., fmr.... 

Leathers, R. G., fmr 

Lee, Mrs. E. E., fmr. . . . 

Lee, James, Ibr 

Lee, N. E., Ibr 

Leistickow, Fred, fmr. . . . 
Leistiokow, Herman, fmr. 

Lenz, J. A. H., fmr 

Lewis, Wm., fmr 

Liddle, L. G., fmr 

Littel, O. B., fmr 

Lyon, H 

Lyon, J. W., fmr 



Mc 

McElree, Samuel, frm. 
McGoon, A. J., stock. . 
McGuire, Thos., Ibr. . . 

Mclntyre, John, Ibr 

Mclntyre, M., fmr 



Mclntyre, Robert, fmr. , 
McLane, J. J., blksmth. 

M 



Mabb, Ed, fmr 

Mabb, Thos 

Main, S. C 

Manly, Joseph, Ibr 

Manweiler, Frank, fmr. . 

Manweiler, Jacob, fmr. . . , 

Manweiler, John, fmr. . . . 

Manweiler, Wilhelm, fmr 

Martin, C. J., fmr , 

Martin, Godfried, fmr.... 

Mayo, Fred, fmr 

Mayo, Ed., fmr 

Mayo, Joseph, fmr 

Miller, Aaron, fmr 

Miller, Edward 

Miller, F. F 

Miller, Tillie, fmr 

Mimm, Fanny, fmr 

Mitchell, Charles, fmr 

Moody, E. J., rtd mcht 

Moore, Mrs. Mary H 

Morf, C. H., fmr 

Morf, John, fmr 

Morgan, E., fmr 

Morgan, L. R., fmr 

Morph, Chris., fmr 

Morton, A. J., fmr 

Morton, W. W., fmr 

Moser Bros., meats 

Moser, Hugo, butcher. . . . , 

Moser, Otto, butcher 

Muldowney, A., fmr 

Muldowney, P., 

Munson, C. A 

Munson, C. F., 



N 



Nefzger, L. C 

Nelson, J. L., fmr. . 
Nelson, Perry, fmr. 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan Sc Gosse 

phone: so. no. 12 firsx sx. south 



226 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Newkirk, Herman, fmr. 
Newman, Ed., fmr.... 

Newman, H., fmr 

Niemann, August, fmr. 
Niemann, Chris, fmr. . 
Nieman, G. H., fmr. . . . 
Niemann, George, fmr. 
Niemann, H. H., fmr.. 
Niemann, J. F., fmr... 
Niewohner, Fred., fmr. 

Niles, H. A., fmr 

Niles, H. R., fmr 

Niles, Robert, fmr 

Notbohm, Fred, fmr... 

Nuss, John, fmr 

Nutting, Sid, fmr 



Oehler, A., fmr 

Oehler, Mrs. K., fmr 

Ohmann, Carl, fmr 

Ohman, Charles, fmr 

Ohmann, Frank, fmr 

Ossman, I. B., fmr 

Ostrander, C. A., fmr 

Ostrander, Bert, fmr 

Ostrander, Ed., fmr 

Ostrander, H. A., fmr 

Ostrander, Mrs. Phoebe, fmr. 
Ostrander, Robt 



Palmer, 
Palmer, 
Palmer, 
Palmer, 
Palmer 
Parker, 
Parker, 
Parker, 
Parker, 
Parker, 
Parker, 
Parmer, 
Patrick, 



Caleb M 

H. R., mcht . . . 

J. B., carp 

J. E., mcht. . . . 
& Schlegel, Ibr. 
Charles, fmr. . . 

Ed., fmr 

H. G., fmr 

Mrs. Isabel . . . 

Pierce, fmr 

D. F., fmr 

A. C, fmr 

A. E., fmr 



Pelleymounter, John, Ibr. r r 

Peters, A. B., mcht 

Peterson, B. E., mcht 

Peterson & Flack, mchts 

Pieper, Mrs. E., fmr 

Pieper, H. F. fmr 

Pieper, W. H., carp 

Pitts, Delos, fmr 

Pitts, A. D., fmr 

Pitts, C. L., Ibr 

Pitts, Delos, fmr 

Pitts, Elmer, fmr 

Pitts, John, fmr 

Pleggenkuhle, August, fmr. . 
Pleggenkuhle, Charles, fmr.. 
Pleggenkuhle, Fred, Jr., fmr. 
Pleggenkuhle, Fred, Sr., fmr. 
Pleggenkuhle, Henry, fmr.... 
Pleggenkuhle, Herman, fmr.. 
Pleggenkuhle, Samuel, fmr. . 
Pleggenkuhle, William, fmr. . 

Pratt, G. E., hnsdlr 

Preston, C. W., fmr 

Preston, E. C, prin. schools. 

Probst, George, fmr 

Probst, Daniel, fmr 

Proctor, A. E., fmr 

Proctor, Charles, fmr 

Proctor, Ralph, fmr 



Quandt, John, fmr. 
Quandt, Wm., fmr. 
Quin, Patrick, fmr 



Raatz, E., fmr 

Raatz, Wm., fmr 

Rappold, John, fmr 

Rappold, Michaels, fmr. 

Reain, G. W., fmr 

Rehwinkle, Rich, fmr... 
Rehwinkle, Wm., fmr. . . 
Reichel, Adam, fmr. . . . 



^ VISIT: 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 21 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & GRAUER, Jaj|nrs 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORS 



227 



Reichel, J. A., fmr 

Reichel, Wm., fmr 

Reisner, H. L., fmr , 

Reisner, George, fmr 

Reisner, James, fmr 

Reisner, Nicholas, fmr.. 

Reisner, Mr., fmr , 

Rembold, A. G., fmr 

Rey winkle, August, fmr. . 
Rey winkle, Wm., fmr.... 

Reynold, S. E., fmr 

Reywinkle, Richard, fmr. 

Richard, T. P., fmr 

Richmond, C. H., Ibr 

Richmond, Oliver, fmr 

Ridley, Albert, fmr 

Riley, Matt, fmr 

Riley, M., sec. foreman. . 
Rogers, Frederick, Ibr. . . . 

Rogers, W. N., printer 

Rowland, D. L., fmr 

Rush, Clint, fmr 

Russler, Chris., Ibr 

Russler, John, fmr 



Sanborn, J. S., fmr 

Schatz, Michael, fmr 

Schlatter, G. J., fmr 

Schlatter, J. J., fmr 

Schlatter, Mrs. Mary A., fmr. . . , 

Schlatter, Wm., fmr 

Schlegel, J. A., lumber and coal. 

Schlegel, Nicholas, fmr 

Schlessner, Fred, fmr 

Schlessner, John, fmr 

Schleshner, M. J., fmr 

Schmidt, Joseph, fmr 

Schnor, Carl, fmr 

Schnor, Fred, fmr 

Schnor, H. C, fmr 

Schnor, Henry J., fmr 

Schott, L., fmr 

Schott, August, fmr. 



Schrader, Carl, rtd fmr 

Schrader, Charles, lumber. . 

Schrader & Sorg, Ibr 

Schroeder, H. C, fmr 

Schroeder, Henry, Ibr 

Schug, R. W., furniture.... 

Schultz, John, fmr 

Schultz, J. A., fmr 

Schultz, John J., fmr 

Schultz, Louis, fmr 

Schwendman, Charles, fmr. . 

Searles, A., fmr 

Searles, Lon, fmr 

Senner, Carl, fmr 

Senner, Ed., fmr 

Sennott, John, fmr 

Sennott, Wm., fmr 

Sennett, Wm., fmr 

Shaffer, W. P., fmr 

Shales, J. A., elk 

Shales, Mrs Laura 

Sharpf, M., meat , 

Shaw, J. K., fmr 

Sieck, Fred, fmr 

Smirl, J. R., fmr 

Smirl, L. G., fmr 

Smith, A., fmr 

Smith, A. D., fmr 

Smith, David, fmr 

Smith, E. A., fmr 

Smith, Florette A 

Smith, Fred, rtd 

Smith, Gurnsey, rtd fmr 

Smith, Joseph, rtd 

Smith, R. A., dray 

Smith. Robert D., mlr 

Smith, W. O., Ibr 

Smock, David, Ibr 

Smock, Elmer, Ibr 

Smothers, Elmer, fmr 

Snyder, Mat., fmr 

Snyder, Peter, fmr 

Soper, Mrs. Addie 

Soper, Hurley, fmr 

Sorg, F. G., lumber and coal. 



Schrack, Mrs. Mary Sorg, J. H., fmr 




RICHARDS 



phone: 98, 



PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



.N. PLEIMLING, Proprieto 



22S 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Sorg, Mrs. J. L 

Spille. Emile, elk 

Spitzbart, Helen, fmr. . . 
Staehling, J. O., fmr.. .. . 
Stamp, W. E., bar tender. 
Standorf, W. D., fmr... 

Stapel, Gary H., fmr 

Stapel, John R., Ibr 

Stauer, Mrs. Mary, fmr. . 

Stehr, John, Ibr 

Steinloge, F., fmr 

Steinloge, G., fmr 

Steinlage, William, fmr. 
Stevens, Phoebe, Mrs... 

Stocher, Wm., fmr 

Stokes, L. J., fmr 

Stokes, Jefferson, fmr... 
Strudthoff, Henry, fmr.. 

Swale, Arthur, fmr 

Swale, H. S., fmr 

Swale, T. W., fmr 

Swant, F. W., tinner 



Tatro, Frank, fmr 

Tatro, John, fmr 

Theabald, Ed., fmr 

Thompson, Ralph, fmr. 
Tiffany, W. H., fmr.. . 

Tims, Fred, fmr 

Tims, Mrs. F., fmr 

Timm, Peter, fmr 

Tongues, Wm., fmr... 

Tope, J. E., 

Tope, J. J., fmr 

Turner, David, fmr. . . . 



U 



Ungerer, F. J., fmr.. 
Ungerer, Henry, fmr 



Van Bogart, F. H., rtd fmr. 



Van Brocklin, J. E., fmr. 
Van Brocklin, Matt, fmr. 
Vosteen, B. H., carp...., 
Vosteen, Helena, mlnr.. 



W 



Wagner,- John, fmr 

Wain, Mrs. T. M 

Walsh, T. N., Dr 

Ward, A. G., preacher 

Ward, Mrs. Catherine 

Ward, C. E., Ibr 

Wartamm, A., Ibr 

Wartamm, Benj 

Wartamm, Enoch, Ibr 

Warthan, Almon, Ibr 

Warthan, Enoch, Ibr 

Watt, N. L., fmr 

Wattenpaugh, Frank, fmr 

Wayman. W. F., fmr 

Weed, C. A., fmr 

Welcome, M., fmr 

Weidemann, Charles, fmr 

Weidemann, John, fmr 

Weidermann, Paul, fmr 

Weidermann, Robert, fmr 

Weidermann, William, fmr 

Weier, Carl, fmr 

Weihler, Carl, fmr 

Weist, George, fmr 

Weist, John, fmr 

Wendland, August, fmr 

Wendland, Mrs. Caroline, fmr. 

Wendland, Christ 

Wendland, G., fmr 

Wendland, E. H., fmr 

Wendland, Fred, fmr 

Wendland, Paul, fmr 

Wendland, William, fmr 

Westenberger, L. A., preacher. 

Westpfahl, Ed., fmr 

Westpfahl, Henry, fmr 

Westpfahl, Herman, fmr 

Westphal, H. J., Ibr 

Westpfahl, John, fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN . FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK' 



GRESSLER, CAmPBELL Drugs. Druggists' 

nnilfl nn ^^^^^ Sundries ^ Fine 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" Water ^ > ^ ^ 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



229 



Westpfahl, W., fmr 

Whittenburg, Jerry, fmr.. 
Wickham, A. O., frar... 

Wickham, F. E., fmr 

Wickham, Hattie 

Wickham, J., fmr 

Wickham, W. H., fmr 

Wickham, W. R., fmr 

Wickman, Henry, fmr . . . . 

Wier, Herman H., Ibr 

Wilber, Mrs. Mate 

Wilbur, D. W., fmr 

Wilbur, J. W 

Wilbur & Proctor 

Williamson, Charles, fmr.. 
Williamson, Wm., fmr. . . . 

Willman, A. W 

Wilson, Andrew, Ibr 

Winkelman, John, fmr.... 

Winning, Henry, fmr 

Wittenberg, Jeremiah, fmr 

Wittenburg, Charles , 

Wittenberg, John, fmr... 

Wollfrom, Matt, Ibr 

Woolsey, Orrin, fmr 

Woodson, Frank 

Woodson, Henry 

Woodson, John 

Woodson, J. W 

Woodson, Reuben 

Woodson, T. J., Ibr 

Woodson, W. H 

Woodson, Mrs. W. H 

Woolsey, Orrin, Ibr 

Wright, C. J 

Wuest, George, fmr 

Wuest, John, fmr 

Z 
Zilmer, August, fmr , 

HAZLETON. 

A 

Arthand, A., fmr 

Arthand, C. F., fmr 



If You Don't Know 



D 

Dickinson, Aden, fmr. 

E 
Erdman, W., fmr 

F 

Fornert, F., fmr 

Forney, Frank 

Fourtner, Mrs. E. W... 

H 

Harold, M. B., fmr 

Hasbrook, W 

Hayes, Mort, fmr 

Held, John, fmr 

Heiring, G. H., fmr.... 

Heise, Wm., fmr 

Hillman, I. T., fmr 

K 

King, Frank, fmr 

King, Frank, fmr 

Kunkle, John, fmr 

Kunkle, John, fmr.... 

M 

Means, Daniel, fmr.... 

Michels, D., fmr 

Morey, Charles 

O 

O'Connor, fmr 

P 
Puff, Joseph; fmr 

S 

Saunders, Ira, fmr 




You Oo|ht to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

Tobdao 



(i(iirs 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



230 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Scott, W. V 

Seely, Jay 

Shippey, George, fmr. 
Steggall, Charles, fmr 
Swarts, Robert, fmr. . 
Swartz, William 



Timmons, J. G., fmr. 
W 



Weise, Gust, fmr 

Winkler, Frank, fm Ibr. 
Wright, Vern 



LAMONT. 

B 



Bruggman, Wm. 
Bush, Roy 



Jessen, Peter 



Nedreau, Moses 



Puffett, Charles 



W 



Ward, Ellen 

Winkler, Frank, fm Ibr 
Wintenberg, Nancy . . . . 



LIMA. 

B 



Bartholomew, Robert. 
Bass, S. A., fmr 



Carmichael, Mrs. Mary, fmr 

Carmichael, Mrs. Sam, R. F. D. man, 

Carmichael, W. H., fmr 

Carmichael, Wm., fmr 

Corbin, Marion 



Davis, John, fmr 

Davis, Silas, fmr 

Davis, S. S., fmr 

Deneer, A. N 

Doland, James 

Doland, John, fmr. . . . 
Doland, Orval, fmr... 
Dorland, James, fmr. 
Durfey, Mrs. Hattie. . 



Earle, Charles, Ibr... 
Earle, George R., fmr. 

Earle, Wm 

Everetts, Frank, fmr. . 
Everett, Harvey, fmr. 
Everett, Ralph, Ibr. . . 



Fanser, A. M., fmr. . 

Flynn, Mr., fmr 

Foley, Kate, fmr.... 
Foley, Marguerite . . 
Fonelsly, J. J., fmr. 



Grahao", Lester 

H 

Hamrick, Charles, fmr. 

Hamrich, John H 

Harrison, C. C, fmr... 



NEXT TIME TRY -g^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



FAYETTE COUNTS DIRECTORY. 



231 



Hastings, J. P 

Hastings, Patrick H... 
Hastings, Warren, Ibr. 
Helmes, Samuel, fmr... 
Helmis, Frank, frm.... 

Helms, F. W., fmr 

Helms, S. C, fmr 

Henry, N. F., fmr 

Hensley, R. L., fmr.... 
Herriman, Samuel, Ibr. 

Hines, R., fmr 

Holesman, J. W., fmr. . 

Husley, Rebe, fmr 

Hutchison, Jim, fmr. . . 



Jones, Frank T., fmr. 
Jones, Wm 



Kuhnes, George . . 
Kuhnes, John, fmr 



Lambert, George, fmr. . 
Landers, Chas. E., fmr. 

Landers, Smith 

Lang, M. O 

Lang, Mrs. Polly 

Lang, Simeon 

Lewis, J. I., 

Lewis, T. D., fmr 



Mc 



McFarland, Frank, 
McFarland, John . . 
McGee, Wm., fmr. 
McGee, Rachel . . . 



M 

Martin, Charles T., Ibr. 



Miller, Frank 

Minger, Charles, fmr. 



Nefzgar, August C . . . . 
Nefzgar, Henry S., fmr. 



Oleburg, Albert, mcht... 

Oelberg, A. R., mcht 

Oelberg, Charles F., fmr. 

Oelberg, Frank 

Oelberg, J. J 



Parker, T. R 

Peterman, Henry, fmr 

Peters, C. P 

Place, E. D., gardener 

Potter, T. W., fmr 

Pritchard, Jno. & Gonner, fmrs. 
Pritchard, Thos., Jr 



Reed, Granville E. 
Reid, Wm., fmr. . . . 



Shepard, Samuel B., fmr. 

Sloan, Will 

Smith, Chauncy 

Soloman, J. J 

Solomon, Wm., fmr 

Stearns, Joseph 

Stephins, Harry, Ibr 



Thorp, Mrs. Belle, tchr. . . 

Thorp, R. E., fmr 

Tompkins, Harry J., fmr. 



BELL & RICHARDS 



PHONE OS. 



■■^ 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



6000 TEAMS, E/ISY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHONE 32 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



W 

Ward, Mrs. C. A., 

Warner, J. G., fmr 

Warner, J. S 

Warner, R. A., blksmth.. 
Wing, John, mcht 

MAYNARD. 

A 

Adams, Christ., fmr 

Adams, G. C, rtd fmr. . . . 

Adams, Mrs. L. L 

Adams, O. C, fmr 

Ashbaugh Bros., fmrs... 

Ashbaugh, Ross, fmr 

Ashbaugh, W. P., fmr 

B 

Badger, Bert, Ibr 

Baldwin, F. M., fmr 

Ball, John, fmr 

Banke, George 

Barholt, David, Ibr 

Bark, Mrs. C, fmr 

Bark, J. H., fmr 

Barnes, Charles, fmr 

Barnes, Gail, Ibr 

Barnes, H., fmr 

Barnes, L. C, Ibr 

Barnes, Mrs. Mabel, Ibr.. 

Barnes, M. A., Ibr 

Barnes, Orin, fmr 

Barnes, S. F., grocery. . . . 

Barnes, W. H., Ibr 

Barney, C. W., butcher.. 

Barnholt, Henry, Ibr 

Barnholt, Wm., Ibr 

Bartels, H. B., fmr 

Bartels, Martin 

Beattie, J. A., elk 

Becher, Thos., fmr 

Beckner, Earl, fmr 



Beckner, Fred, Ibr 

Beckner, F. J., fmr 

Beckner, F. M., fmr 

Beckner, Jno. A., fmr 

Belden, G. C, fmr 

Belden, G. R., fmr 

Belden, Newton, fmr 

Benson, Arthur , 

Benson, H. H., fmr 

Benzer, Gehrhart, fmr 

Billick, C. J 

Billick, Jep 

Billick, Jessie, fmr 

Billings, Arley 

Billings, C, restaurant. . . . . . 

Bing, J. D., trav man 

Bing, M. E., carp 

Blethen, F. E., salesman 

Borchers, Fred., fmr 

Borchers, P. C, shoemkr 

B'orchers, Wm., fmr 

Bracy, C. B., creamery 

Brooks, George, minister 

Brown, E. J., fmr 

Brown, W. S., salesman 

Buenneke, F. Jr., cigarmkr... 
Buenneke, F., Sr., cigarmkr. . . 

Buenneke, Henry, clerk 

Buenneke, Herman, blksmth. 
Buenneke, Louis, cigarmikr. . . 

Bunn, Fred, fmr 

Bunn, G. W 

Burdick, A. D., Ibr 

Burdick, Blanche 

Burdick, Earl 

Burdick, F. S., carp 

Burdick, Lizzie, Ibr 

Burlingame, H., fmr 

C 

Calhoun, H. Z 

Capmyer, Wm., r r man 

Carpenter, Ezra, fmr 

Carpenter, Henry 

Carpenter, H. J., fmr 



J. W. RIDLER, 




PHONES 23 AND 33 

— 15 NORTH FREDERICK 



Phone 
144 



A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



233 



Carpenter, Oscar, bbr 

Cassidy, F. P., minister 

Chase, H. C, fmr 

Chase, Jesse, Ibr 

Chase, John, fmr 

Chase, Morpha, fmr 

Chase, W. E., fmr 

Clark, A. H., blksmth 

Clark, Charles 

Clark, Herm., Ibr 

Clark, H. P., carp 

Clark, Joseph, Ibr 

Clark, J. D., 

Conklin, F. M 

Conklin, Roscow, barber 

Ccnnell, George, fmr 

Conrad, A. E., physician 

Conrad, C. C, Mrs 

Conrad, E. E., student 

Conrad, James, fmr 

Cover, H. E., agt. r r 

Cowles, Lewis, Ibr 

Crawford, A. F., fmr 

Crawford, Reg T., fmr 

Cremer, D. E., clerk 

Cremer, R. H., genl store 

Crippen, O. A 

Crouse, O 

Crowley, Cornelius, Jr., fmr 

Crowley, Cornelius, Sr., fmr 

Cummings, Frank, salesman 

Cummings, J. F., road salesman 

Cummings, Mrs. J. F., 

Cummings, J. R 

Cummings, S. V., 

Cunning Bros., 

Curtis, Mary B., Mrs 

D 

Davis, David, Ibr 

Davis, Mrs. Hannah, fmr 

Davis, James, fmr 

Davis, Josiah, Jr., fmr 

Davis, Josiah, Sr., fmr 

Davis, W. E., fmr 

If You Don't Know 



Dawson, Mrs. D. P 

Day, Emma L., hotel 

Day, J. B., hotel 

Debow, Chas 

Deckard, Mrs. E. N 

Deckard, W. H., butcher 

Delong, S. L., fmr 

Delong, W. B., fmr 

Dewey, Addison, fmr 

Dewey, Franklin, fmr 

Dickens, A. M 

Donot, E 

Donot, W. E 

Dugan, W. H., fmr 

Dyer, Charles, fmr 

E 

Ecker, A., fmr 

Ecker, Irwin, fmr 

Eustis, Joseph 

Evans, A. L., fmr 

F 

Falk, N. W., fmr 

Fishback, Mrs. Melrosa 

Fclsome, Herman, fmr 

Fortney, Andrew 

Foss, Fred, fmr , 

Fox, George 

Fox, Henry, Ibr 

Freeman, M. B., fmr 

Frost, E., mcht 

Frost, R. E., clerk 

G 

Gantenbein, John 

Garnier, A., rtd fmr 

Garnier, H. J., fmr 

Garnier, Lena, fmr .- 

Goldsbery, A. E., fmr 

Goldsbery, F. C, dray 

Goldsbery, F. W., fmr 

Goldbery, Mrs. Louisa , 

You Ought 




THEY SELL CLOTHES 



Kernahan & Gosse 1 PP^a 



PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers • • • • 



234 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



GoldsbeiT, W. A., fmr. . . . 
Goodrich, Mrs. Etta, fmr. 

Goodrich, H. C, fmr 

Goodrich, L. H 

Gray, C. H., fmr 

Gray, George, fmr 

Gray, Horatio, fmr 

Gray, John, fmr 

Gray, Steven 

Gremmels, C. H., fmr... 

Grey, D. J., fmr 

Gueritz, Charles N., fmr. 
Gurity, August, Sr., fmr. . . 
Guy, Charles, fmr 



H 



Haas, Anton, fmr. . . 
Haines, Mrs. A. E. 

Hall, A. T., fmr 

Hall, Cass 

Hall, George 



Hurd. Mabel 



Jennison, P., fmr 

•Jennison, S. H., fmr 

Johnson, A., fmr 

Johnson, Carrie V., 

Johnston, Mrs. L. F 

K 

Kanne, Charles 

Kappmeyer, Emma 

Kappmeyer, Mrs. Katie... 
Kappmeyer, William .... 

Kendall, Glen, Ibr 

Kernehan, Mrs. J. E., fmr. 

Kidder, Mrs. Phila 

Klink, Otto, fmr 

Knight, A. A., fmr 

Knight, Riley, fmr. 



Hall, W. H., fmr ! Koelling, Fred G., fmr. 



Ham, Wm., Jr. 

Hanes, A. E. & Co 

Hctnes, G. W., physician.... 

Hanes, H. H 

Hanes, P. E., Dr 

Harrison, A. A 

Harrison, Mrs. Louisa, fmr. 

Harrison, Simon, carp 

Hart, William, fmr 

Hart, W. N., fmr 

Hassenplug, Frank 

Heller, Carl, fmr 

Hildabrandt, Albert 

Hoeger, Fred H., fmr 

Hoeger, F. J., 

Hoeger, H., fmr 

Holmes, Henry, student . . . 

Horn, Sarah K., fmr 

Hough. H. B., stockbuyer. . . 
Horn, W. M., Sr., fmr 



Kruse, O. G., fmr. . . 
Kuhnley. J. W., fmr. 



Larson, Charles, Ibr. ... 

Lartney, Bert., carp , 

Lauridsen, L 

Lehmkuhl, Charles, carp. 

Lembke, Fred, fmr 

Lembke, Henry, fmr 

Lennon, O. E., livery... 

Lewis, J. C, fmr 

Lewry, T. F 

Lindner, Charles, fmr... 
Lindeer, Walter, barber. 

Loomis, Arthur, fmr 

Luecht, A . . . 



Mc 



Horn, W. M., Jr., fmr. 

Hurd, A. E., fmr j McGee, Frank, R. F. D. 

Hulbert, Henry, harness McLeish, A., fmr 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP a^^ THAT'S ALL 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



McLeish, Robert, fmr. 
McLiesh, G. W., fmr. .. 
McMaster, A. F., fmr. . . 
McMasters, Mrs. B. N. 
McMasters, G. W., fmr. 
McSweeney, John .... 



M 

Malven, C. C. R. L. P.. 
Malven, Harve, fmr. ... 

Malven, W. V., fmr 

Masters, C. L. E 

Masters, Mrs. Emily... 

Masters, E. T 

Masters. Mary I 

Masters, S. E., fmr 

Masters, Thomas, fmr. . . 
Maynard, George, fmr.. 
Maynard, H. A., fmr. . . 
Maynard Savings Bank. 

Maynard, S. J., 

Mears, Ada A., teacher. 

Mears, G. S., mer 

Mears, J. C, fmr 

Merrill, A. E 

Meyer, C, fmr 

Meyer, F. C, fmr 

Meyer, H. H., fmr 

Meyer, John, mcht 

Meyer, Y. C 

Meyers, George, fmr... 
Meyers, Robert, fmr. . . . 

Miche, Lena 

Miehe, Albert, fmr 

Miehe, August, fmr 

Miehe, A. H., mcht 

Miehe, Chas., fmr 

Miehe, Fred, Sr 

Miehe, John, fmr 

Miehe, Theodore, fmr.. 

Miller, William 

Milne, S. B., fmr 

Mittlestadt, A. E., fmr.. 
Mittlestadt, E. J., dray. . 
Mittlestadt, John 



Odekirk, Evert, fmr.. 

Ogden, E 

Olttrogge, Fred, fmr.. 
Orbell, Fred, Ibr. . . . .. 

Osgood, J. S., mayor. 



Packard, Edward 

Palmer, David 

Palmer, George, fmr 

Patridge, A. D., fmr 

Patridge, John 

Patridge, Mrs. L. A., fmr.. 

Paul, C. H., 

Paul, Eugene, fmr 

Paul, Fay, fmr 

Paul, G. H 

Paul, H 

Paul, Jno., fmr 

Paul, Orange, fmr 

Payne, E. M., stone mason. 

Payne, S. T., fmr 

Pember, .Joseph N 

Perry, G. I., Ibr 

Perry, G. K., fmr 

Psrry, Mrs. Jane M 

^Mllips, D., painter 

T^hippen, Mrs. M. A 

Ponsor, Jacob, fmr 



235 



Moer?y, G. W., fmr , 

Morrow, J. L 

Mort, J. B., fmr , 

Moulton, E. L., fmr 

N 

Newton, Archie, fmr 

Newton, Mrs. M. M., fmr. 
Nichols, Fred, blksmth... 
Nordyke, Frank, fmr.... 

Nuss Bros., 

Nuss, Mrs. John, fmr 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietori 



236 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Ponsar, Robert, fmr 

Potratz, C. G., fmr 

Potratz, Ferdinand, fmr. 

Pratt, Fred, fmr 

Pratt, Henry H 

Pratt, Mrs. H. H 

Pratt, Mrs. W. C 

Price, George, fmr 



Rand, H. N 

Ranney, Cora A 

Ranney, H., Ibr 

Ranney, J. W., Ibr. . . 
Rathburn, Mrs. Ethel. 

Rathburn, E. A 

Rathburn, J. E 

Rathburn, S. F., Ibr. . 
Reese, E. J., fmr. . . . 

Reese, W. F 

Reese, W. G., fmr. . . 

Rich, Earl 

Rich, L. C 

Ritze, A. J., fmr 

Robbins, J. A 

Roe, James H., Ibr. . . . 

Roe, John 

Rowley, L. D., editor. 
Rueber, Johan, fmr... 



Sassenberg, H., fmr 

Sayles & Hough, implements. 

Schaffer, Henry 

Schlafman, Frank, fmr 

Schmitt, F. H., fmr 

Schmitt, Otto, fmr 

Schrader, Fred 

Schrader, Henry, fmr 

Schrader, "Wm., Jr 

Schrader, Wm., Sr 

Schuler, Louise 

Seegert, Wm., fmr 

Seely, Mr. Harve 



Seely, W. H., fmr 

Servos, C. E., teacher 

Shadle, Wm. J., fmr 

Shult, W. J 

Simpson, A. G., Imr 

Simpson, Frank, fmr 

Simpson, W. D., fmr 

Sisley, J. L 

Stann, L. C 

Smargo, C, 

Smarzo, Mrs. A., fmr 

Smith, Cloud, Ibr 

Smith, E. H., fmr 

Smith, G. B 

Smith, Harry R., fmr 

Smith, J. T., barber 

Smith, Mrs. L. E 

Smith, Martin 

Smith, N. J 

Smith, Steve 

Stahl, Mrs. Augusta 

Stamm, L. C, fmr 

Stansberry, I., justice of peace. 

Stransberry, Mrs. S. E 

Staples, Ella 

Stewart, Dale 

Stewart, P. P., fmr 

Stewart, Samuel, fmr 

Stewart & Son 

Stewart, Walter, fmr 

Stewart, W. J 

Struthoff, George, genl store. 

Strutthoff, Mrs. G 

Suhr, H. F., fmr 

Sylvester, S. A., lumberman. . . 



Talcott, D. H., fmr 

Talcott, Frank, fmr. . . 
Talcott, F. E., fmr. . . 
Talcott, L. D., fmr. . . 

Thomas, A., fmr 

Thomas, Mrs. A 

Thomas, Wm 

Thompson, B. F., fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK' 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL D?ug8, Druggists' 



DRUG CO. 



DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Sundfies > Fini 
Cigars and Soda 
Water >>.!•> 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Timmerman, Lucie ... 
Timmerman, Wm., fmr 
Torrey, Claud, barber. 

Torrey, Mrs. Fred 

Turner, Frank 

Turner, Miss L 



Vandersee. Paul, fmr. . . 
Van Sickle, L. H., fmr. 

Voelschow, C. A 

Voelschow, R 

Volshav/, August, fmi. 



W 



Wagner, Clarence 

"Walker, George 

Walker, J. N 

Walker, Leonard, fmr 

Walker, L. P 

Walker & Son 

Walters, J. L., fmr 

Ward, Mrs. H. B 

Warnke, E. F., fmr 

Warnke, Fred, bank 

Watenpaugh, J. E., fmr 

Watenpaugh, Miss Olive 

Weller, C. E 

Wells, George 

White, T. M 

White, Miss Mabel, teacher. 

White, W. v., fmr 

Whitney, Mrs. D. F 

Whitney, Mrs. M. D 

Wilkerson, Chas., fmr 

Wilson, J. H., 

Wilson, Thomas, fmr 

Witherstine, Fred, fmr 

Wolf gram, August 

Wolfgram. H. ¥/., fmr 



MINKLER. 
B 
Bartz, Joulous, fmr 



Betkke, Herman, fmr. 
Bethka, Wm 



Curtis, C. F. 



Downing, Albert, fmr. 



Ellis, C. R 

Heinemann, H. W. 



Leverton, Charles, fmr. 



Mc 



McCormick, Martin 
McCrae, J. G., fmr. 
McLain, John, fmr. 



Ott, Adolph, stone mason. 
Ott, Robert 



Runnell, Wm., blksmth. 



Schmit, A. J 

Schmit, J. P 

Sewell, George, fmr. 
Springer, John, fmr. 



OSSIAN. 



Amdahl, Lars B., fmr. 
Amdahl, Ole 



237 



^^ ^^ ^ ^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO ^ ^ V» >^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



lid Coloniar'^c (if^r 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer ** 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



238 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Amdahl, S. L 

Amonson, Andrew... 
Amonson, Mrs. Lars. 
Anfinson. Anfin, i'mr. 
Anfinson, Hans, fmr. 
Anfinson, Ole, fmr. . . 
Askelson, Andrew... 



Finnegan, Patrick, fmr. 
Fossaaen, Andrew, fmr. 
Fossaaen, A. C, Ibr. . . 
Freberg, Fritz 



H 



Hagelie, J. H., fmr 

Helgerson, Andrew, fmr. 
Helgerson, Lars, fmr. . . 
Holahan, Mary, rtd.... 



Jenson, John, fmr. 



K 

Kleppe, John, fmr. . . . 
Kleppe, Lois K., fmr. 
Kleppe, Ole K., fmr. . 
Kleppe, Peter, fmr... 
Kloster, Andrew L... 

Kloster, Gunder 

Knuding, P., fmr 



Lofte, Andrew 

Lofte, Peter, Sr., fmr. 
Lofte, Peter, Jr., fmr. . 



M 



Moarnan, Dan J., fmr. 
Mork, Martin, fmr... 



Osterhus, Mrs. Anna, fmr. 

Osterhus, C. S., fmr 

Osterhus, Knut, fmr 



Paulson, A., fmr. . . . 

Paulson, Paul 

Peterson, John J.... 
Peterson, Lars, fmr. 
Peterson, Luen, fmr. 
Powers, Julia .- 



Q 

Quanime, Peter, fmr. 

S 



Sabol, Anna C, fmr 

Sabol, Christ H., fmr. . . 
Sabol, K. Johnson, fmr. 
Schweinefus, Chas . . . . 
Schweinefus, Lewis . . . 

Schweinefus, Wm 

Schweinefus, Wm., Jr.. 

Stangeland, C. A 

Stangeland, John 

Stangeland, J. A 

Stangeland, L. S., fmr. . . 
Stangeland, T. A., fmr. 



Thorson, Mrs. Annie, fmr. 

Thorson, John, fmr 

Thorson, T. O., fmr 

Torkelson, T. O., fmr 



W 



Mittelstedt, Fred C, fmr Wedow, Fred., fmr. 



PSSS HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleanings Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



239 



Westphal, Fred 

Willeikson, Andrew, painter. 

Wolf, Henry, f mr 

Wolf, Jno., fmr 

Wolf, M. J., fmr 

Wolf, Peter, fmr 



POSTVILLE. 
A 



Anderson, fmr 

Anderson, Erick, fmr. 



B 



Baker, Ole C, fmr. 
Bareis, Fred., fmr. 
Berg, Fred C, fmr. 

Beucher, mer 

Bilden, T. T., fmr. . 
Block, Wm 



Erickson, Henry, fmr. 
Everson, Ever, fmr. . 



Fay, Charles, fmr . . . 
Fay, Frank, fmr. . . 
Fischer, Bertha . . . 

Fischer, Wm 

Fleming, B. C, fmr. 



Groth, H. H. fmr 

Groth, Knudt H., fmr. 



H 

Halverson, Mrs. John. 
Hanson, Lars, fmr. . . 
Heckman, F. C, 



Heckman, Wm 

Heckman, W. H 

Helgerson, Nels, fmr. 



Johnson, Dorf, fmr 

Johnson, Julius, fmr. 
Johnson, Lauritz, fmr. 



Kettleson, Knudt, fmr. 
Koland, Gunder, fmr . . 
Kuhsie, Albert 



Larson, Ole, fmr. . . 
Lien, E. O., fmr. . . . 
Lien, Thomas, fmr. 



Mc 

McGreevy, Daniel, Ibr. 
McNeil, John, fmr.... 



M 



Meyer, Wm., fmr. . 
Mosby, A. O., fmr. 
Mosby, Tom, fmr. . 



Nyborg, Andrew, blksmth. 



Oleson, Gus., fmr. 
Olson, Tom, fmr. 



Reinhart, Andrew, fmr. 
Rierson, Lars, fmr 



phone: q 8 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



zBC W. G. FETTKETKER 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 



1-14 FIRST avenue: SOUXHi 



240 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Rounds, Jerome, fmr.... 
Rounds, Mrs., fmr 

S 

Schraeder, Carl, fmr.... 

Schultz, Fred 

Sholty, Fritz, fmr 

Skaine, Anfin, fmr 

Skaine, Lars, frm. 

Skein, Anton 

Skein, L. Anton, fmr 

Stray, Ed., Ibr 

Swenson, Swen, fmr.... 

W 

iVarnholz, John 

Waters, Burt, fmr 

Westvich, Martin, fmr. . 

Williams, Fred 

Williams, Wilkes, fmr. . 

RANDALIA. 

A 

Ashby, O. H 

Austin, N. C, fmr 

B 

Bacon. H. L., 

Bakman, G. R., ins 

B'ark, John, fmr , 

Belden, Clarence, fmr. . . 

Belden, Clyde 

Belden, N. A 

Bellis, F. E., fmr 

Bellis, J. H., fmr 

B'eman, Mrs. A ". . . 

Beutzberger, E. Lj. 

Brackett, O. C 

Breuhahn, Ed., fmr 

Brewer, F. A., fmr 

Bright, W. A., fmr 



Brown, W. J., fmr 

Bruhahn, C. F., 

Bucknell, J 

Burlingame, A. J , 

C 

Carpenter, O. W., barber 

Claxton, J. A 

Claxton, I. C 

Clow, John 

Clow, L. W. 

Colgrove & Sylvester Lbr. Co. 
Crawford, R. S., fmr 

D 

Darnall, G. B., fmr 

Darnell, J. C, fmr 

Davis, J. J., fmr 

Dooley, R. E., fmr 

Duggan, W. P., fmr 

F 

Farrell, J. J., Jr 

Farrell, J. T., Sr., fmr 

Fordyce, G 

Fordyce, T. L 

Foj-tney, O. J., fmr 

Fortney, Wm 

Freeman, L. E., fmr 

Frieden, Jacob, fmr 

Furry, C. J., rr. agent 

G 

Giles, H. E., miller 

Gilmer, E 

Gilmer, Frank, fmr 

Gilmore, E. L., fmr 

Gleason, Ed 

Gleason, Frank 

Grant, Wm., fmr 

Green, J. J., lbr 

Guritz, August, fmr 



J. W. RIDLER 

^jt MANAGER OPERA HOUSE a^ 



^' A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



DrugS' 



BookS' 



Stationery 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



241 



fjj^j. Neuenschwander, W. E., fmr 



Hack, H. 

Henderson, Julania 

Henderson, O. C, butcher. 

Hockert, T. E., fmr 

Hoepfner, P., fmr 

Holmes, A. M., fmr 

Holmes, C. R., fmr 

Holmes, D. N., fmr 

Holmes, J. E., fmr 

Holmes, W. J., fmr 

Horton, D 



Jarchow, John, fmr . , 
Johnson, Fred, fmr. 

K 



King, Bffie J 

Kinsel, Jackson S., fmr. 
Knight, A., blksmth 



Lyons, Mrs., fmr 



Mc 



McCormack, R. B., fmr. 
McFadden, J. J., fmr . 
McGoon, A. D., fmr. . . 
McNaul, J. W., fmr. . 
McNaul, W. J., fmr 



M 



Mabon,, D. A., fmr 

Mabon, E. A., stock dealer. 

Miner, Addie S 

Miner, C. W., plasterer... 

Morf, J. H., fmr. . .» 

Morse, Albert 

Moulton, C. E., fmr 



Neuenswander, John, fmr. 

Newton, J., fmr 

Niles, Robert, fmr. . . 
Nutting, R. L., fmr. 



Odekirk, E. V., fmr. .. 

Osborn, J. E., fmr 

Owen, Martin L., fm.-. 



Parett, A., hotel 

Parett, Clarence 

Potter, Fay, carpenter. 
Preston, C. W., fmr. .. 
Pritchard, D. E 



Riley, Matt, fmr. 



S 



Schmidi, J. A., fmr 

Sherwood, G. A 

Shiery, Emelia M 

Sinnolt, John, fmr 

Sinnolt, Michael, fm/ 

Sinnott, Mrs. P 

Sinnott, Wm 

Smith, Jane E, post mistress. 

Smith, Martin, fmr 

Sorg, J. H 

Spatcher, Arthur, Ibr 

Staehli, R., fmr 

Staples, Mary, fmr 

Stevens, C 



Tslcott, Edward, fmr 
Thomas, Glenn 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 



phone: 50. 



NO. 12 FIRST ST. SOUTH 



242 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Thompson, W. E., fmr 

Torrey, G. G., fmr 

Trager, Charles, fmr. 

Trager, L., fmr 

Turner, L. H., fmr. . . 



Vaughn, A. J. 
Vaughn, J. L. 
Vought, Roy 



W 



Wagner, Robert, buttermkr. 

Walker, L. L 

White, J. B., fmr 

Whiteford, Charles, fmr. . . . 
Whiteford, George, fmr . . . . 
Whiteford, W. W., livery. . . . 

Wilder, A., fmr 

Wooldridge, Jesse E., fmr. . . 
Wyman, T. D., fmr 



Zbornik, Jesse M., fmr. 
Zbornik, John, fmr.... 



READLYN. 
G 



Garvey, M., fmr. 



H 



Hazlett, W. G., fmr. 
M 
Maley, Charles, fmr. 



S 



Stock, Wm., fmr. 



Tidmarsh, P. J. 



SCOTT, 

B 



Barrett, Mr., Sr., fmr. . 
Briggs, Chauncey, fmr. 
D 



Davis, Alfred, fmr 

De Bar, George W.,fmr. 
Derflinger, Arch, fmr. . . 
Derflinger, T. N., fmr. . . 



Faust, Henry, fmr. 



Stock, Henry, fmr. 



James, Phin., fmr. . . 
Jellings, George, fmr. 

Mc 



McCormack, James, fmr. . 

McCormack, Thos., fmr 

McCormick, Lloyd, Ibr 

McCormick, Roy, Ibr 

McCormick, Wm., Sr., fmr. 



Sharman, Frank, fmr. 



W 

Wooldridge, W. N., fmr. 
Wagner, W. H., fmr 



ST. LUCAS. 

B 
Balk, Carl, fmr 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



243 



Balk, Ulrech, fmr 

Baratz, Jacob, Ibr 

Bieker, Will 

Bird, H. W 

Brinnecombe, Henry .... 

Blany, Jos 

Blong, John B., Jr 

Boeding, Rev. F., minister. 
Bodensteiner, Henry, fmr. 

Bradley, James, fmr 

Brownell, G. S 

Bruening, Henry, fmr 



Creamery Farm, butter factory. 



Davis, John 

Devolt, A. L., 

Duclas, Louis, hotel. 



Feakes, B. A., fmr 

Franzen, Mat, fmr . . . . 

Foote, F. H 

Foote, Horace 

Foreman, J. H 

Foreman, John N., fmr. 
Foster, George 



Gardner, Benj., carp.. 

Garrettson, M. V 

Gerteman, Anton 

Gerteman, F. M., mer. 

Gilson, H. J 

Gretman, Joe 



H 



Hackett, G. M 

Hackman, Herman, fmr. 



Hageman, Theo., fmr. 

Hall, W. F 

Hardy, Fred 

Hauer, Con 

Hauer, Jas., blksmth. . 
Hauer, John, blksmth. 
Hermer, Conrad, fmr. . 

Hunter, Sam 

Hunter, Will 



I 



Irvine, S. C. 



James, Henry L. 
James, P. C. . . . 



Kiener, John, rtd 

Koca, Martin, carp 

Koerzendorfer, H 

Kraft, Peter 

Kuennen, B. H., buttermkr. 

Kuennen, H. H., agt 

Kuennen, J. H., fmr 

Kuennen, Mary, dressmkr. . 
Kuhner, Nicholas, fmr 



Lichter, Anna M . . , 

Lincoln, J. W 

Lusson, Daniel, lab. 
Lusson, Jos., rtd. . , 



Mc 

McCormick, Thomas 

McCormick, Roy 

McCormick, Wm 

McMillan, Robt 



B RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnisher 







GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



244 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



M 



Manning, Nellie 

Manning, S. J 

Meinart, Barney, Sr., fmr 

Messenger, W. J 

Meyer, Theodore B., fmr. 
Mihm, Clemence, fmr. . . . 
Mihm, Henry, fmr 



Oakes & Disher 

Oakes, H. S 

Ott, Mrs. John, fmr. 
Ott, Michael, fmr.. 



Short, W. H 

Slcan, Thomas M., pump man. 

Smith, John H., fmr 

Smith, Ray E 

Steinlage, Ferd, fmr 

Steinlage, Gerh, fmr 

Steinlage, Joe, Ibr 

Stev/art, James B 

Strawn, John H 

Strav/n, John W 

Strong, Frank , 

Sumner. W. O 



Thiel, James, carp. 



Ferry, Theodore, mer. 

Perry, W. S., Ibr 

Plummer, Russell . . . 
Prouty, Ellis, fmr. . . . 
Puffett, C. L 



Reicks, Henry, fmr. 

Reierson, Mary 

Rohrig, Henry 



Scanlan, Daniel 

Schaufenbuehl, Joe, fmr. 

Schaufenbuel, S. rtd 

Schmitt, Jacob, Jr., fmr. . 
Schmitt, James, Sr., rtd. . 
Schmitt, John, Jr., fmr. . 

Schmitt, John, Sr 

Schmitt, Henry, fmr....: 
Schmitt, Peter H., fmr.. 

Setter, Otto, Ibr 

Sherman, F. A 

Sherman, J. S 

Sherrill, T. L 



Verlsteffen, Jos., fmr. . . 
Vonderset, Anton, fmr. . 
Vonderset, John, fmr. . . . 
Vorderbrick, Henry, Ibr. 

W 



Walter, Gottlief, Ibr 

Weber, Michael, fmr. . 

Weis, .James 

White, Charles, Ibr 

Whitney, Hiram 

Wilde, Frank, thrasher. 
Wilde, Henry, thrasher. 

Winter, Henry, Ibr 

Winter, Nicholas, fmr. . 

Winter, Peter, rtd 

Witte, C. H., mason 

Witte, John 

Wurzer, Magdalena, rtd. 



Zabriskie, Roy M. 



STANLEY. 
A 

Addis, Loyd, fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK- 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Pure 
Drugs. Druggists' 
Sundries ^ Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water ^ ^ ^ ^ 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



245 



B 

Baldwin, Chas., fmr. 

Boots, Mrs. E. H 

Butts, L. A., fmr 



Dickinson, A. C, fmr 
H 

Hall, Mrs. Will 

M 



Manning, A. J 

Manning, Lou, fmr. 

Manning, S. J 

Metlin, Chas., fmr. 



Oaks, H. S., fmr. 



Strawn, Ross, fmr. 
Strawn, Wm., fmr. . 



Zabriska, S., fmr , 

STRAWBERRY POINT. 
A 



Alderson, John L., fmi . . 
Alderson, Richard, fmr. 

Anton, Henry, fmr 

Arbuckle, Archie 



B 
Bruce, George, fmr. 



Gladwin, O. C, fmr 



H 

Hertzman, Gus., fmr. . . 

K 
Kenyon, D. B., fmr 

L 
Lei, Michael, fmr 

O 
Opperman, George, fmr. 

W 

Waring, Charles 

SUMNER. 

A 



Adams, A. W., fmr.. 

Aders, Henry 

Arndt, Aug 

Arndt, Herman . . . . 
Aubrey, Prank, fmr. 
Aubrey, O. R., fmr.. 



B 



Baas, John L 

Bark, H. C 

Bartels, Arthur, fmr. 
Bartels, Fred, fmr. . . 
Bartels, F. E., fmr. . 
Bartels, F. J., fmr. . . 
Bartels, H. F., fmr. . 
Bartels, J. F., fmr. .. 
Bartie, Chas. 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



"Old Colonial" ^( m 

F, H. TOUSIEY, Manufacturer ^j^ 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 



246 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Bartie, L. G 

Bartz, Julius, fmr 

Bass, L., fmr 

Baumgartner, A. C, restaurant 
Baumgartner, J., gardener. ... 

Becker, John F 

Becker, Joseph, Jr 

Benter, F 

Betka, Herman, fmr 

Blaschka, Otto 

Blowers, G. A., fmr 

Boas, John L 

Borchers, J., fmr 

Bork, John, fmr 

Boyce, R. L. fmr 

Bracket, O. C, fmr 

Brechtel, Anton 

Brooks, I 

Buenger, Wm 

Buhr, Henry, fmr 

Burkhart, Albert, fmr 

Burkhart, Chas., fmr 

Burkhart, Bdw 

Burkhart, Walter, fmr 



Claus, Henry, fmr. . . . 
Cloyer, Samuel, fmr. 
Gluts, Henry, fmr. . . 
Corkery, P. J., fmr. . . 

Corkery, Tim 

Crane, F. G., fmr 



Dallenbach, Frank 

Davis, J. F 

Davis, L. E 

Davis, M. T 

Dean, Earl 

Dean, Frank 

Dean, J. M., fmr 

Dellebrotsch, Frank, fmr. 
Deluhery, Daniel, fmr. . . 
Deluhery, Patrick, fmr. . 



Deluhery, Thos., fmr. . . 
Deluhery, Tim, fmr.... 

Dietel, S. A., fmr 

Duffy, E. J., fmr 

Duhrkopf , Albert, fmr . . 
Duhrkopf, Ernest, fmr. 
Duhrkopf, Geo., Ibr.... 
Duhrkopf, W. P 



Edel, J. G., fmr 

Edel, Susan 

Eggleson, Le Roy 

Eggleson, V. R., mail car. 
Elsamiller, Carl 



Farrand, E. W. & R. S. 
Ferrill, James, fmr.... 

Fink, A. J., fmr 

Fink, Caroline 

Fortsch, .Edw., fmr.... 

Fortsch, .Tohn, fmr 

Fortsch, Wm., fmr 

Fox, R. L., fmr 

Franklin, W. H., fmr. . 

Fridly, A. E., fmr 

Fridly. Geo., fmr 

Frish, Herman, fmr. . . 

Frish, Julius 

Fritz, K., fmr 

Funk, B-ruce, fmr 

Funk, R. B., fmr 



Galvin, J. J., fmr 

Garden, Libbie 

Gehrke, Ernest 

Gehrke, Robt 

Gehweier, Geo 

Gieseman, Edw 

Gieseman, Herman, fmr. 
Gletty, David, fmr 



PH5 HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



fROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & GRAUER, ]2\\m 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



247 



•Gletty, Ira J., fmr 

Granger, E. E., Ibr 

Granneman, Christ 

Gropper, Louisa 

Gruber, Geo., fmr 

Guida, John, fmr 

Gunther, Fred, fmr 

H 

Haag, Phoebe 

Hack, John, fmr 

Hack, Samuel 

Hagenberg, Henry, fmr 

Hallowell, John, fmr 

Hannaman, Lawrence, fmr. 

Harding, Frank, fmr 

Harding, Robt., fmr 

Harms, Christ, fmr 

Harms, John 

Harms, Wm., fmr 

Harold, H. B 

Hath, Wm., fmr 

Hausner, H. J., fmr 

Havi, R., fmr 

Hettler, Henry, fmr 

Hoepfner, F. C, fmr 

Hoth, Chas 

Hughs, C, fmr 

Hughs, R. D 

Hughs, W. J., fmr 

Hunnence, E. A 



Jacob, F., fmr. . . 
Jacob, Morris . . . 

Jencks, W 

John, August ... 

John, Emil 

Johnson, D., fmr 



Karsten, Frederika 
Karsten, Wm., fmr. 



Keding, H. C, salesman. 

Kingsbury, G. E 

Kirchoff, Wm 

Klemp, F., fmr 

Klutz, H., fmr 

Knox, Joe H 

Koelling, Fred, fmr 

Koelling, H. J., fmr 

Kohles, Gustave 

Konaplo, Wm., fmr 



Lang, Chris., fmr 

Lang, Mary 

Lang, T. C. & P. M 

Lange, Fred 

Lauterbauch, C. J 

Lauterbach, Gustave, fmr. 

Lay, George, fmr 

Lay, Leonard, fmr 

Leaman, M. L., fmr 

Lease, Chas 

Lenius, Louis, Ibr 

Leverence, Mary 

Leverenz, Wm. F 

Leverton, C. H., fmr 

Lewelyn, O. A 

Lewis, Wm 

Leyh, Dan, fmr 

Leyh, Fred, fmr 

Leyh, Geo., fmr 

Leyh, Leonard, fmr 

Leyh, Sam, fmr 

Linn, W. B.. landman 

Littell, O. B., fmr 

Livingston, J., fmr 

Luecht, R 



Mc 

McLain, Archie, rtd fmr. 

McClain, Nancy 

McCormac, F. S., fmr 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 

eOOD TEAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. PHONE 32 



248 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



IVI 

Mabb, Edward, fmr 

Mabb, P., fmr 

Mathers, H. L , 

Mathers, W. H., fmr 

Messerer, G. H., fmr 

Messerer, J. T 

Messerer, M. J., fmr 

Meswerb, Ed., fmr , 

Meyer, George, fmr 

Miles, Wm., fmr 

Miller, Anton, fmr 

Miner, Charles A., mason.... 

Minger, S. A 

Mohlis, Amil, fmr 

Mohlis, August, fmr 

Moore, Thos., fmr 

Moore, Wm 

Mosher, Fred, fmr 

Mosher, F. R 

Moulton, C, fmr 

Moulton, Ed., fmr 

Moyer, A. I., fmr 

Musselman, Adam, fmr 

Musselman, Dorothea , 

N 

Newenschwander, .John, fmr. , 
Newenschwander, W. E., fmr. 

Newton, James, fmr 

Niedert, Herman, fmr 

Neon, J. H., mer , 

Nolte, C 

Notbohm, Fred W., fmr 

Notbohm, J. F 

Nuss, August, fmr 

Nuss, Mrs. Mary 

O 

Oelwein, Edw, fmr 

Oltrogge, F. C, fmr 

Otto, Albert, fmr 



P 

Pagel, August, fmr. . . . 

Platte, Aug., fmr 

Potratz, August, fmr. . . 
Potratz, Wm., fmr.... 

Premis, John, fmr 

Pries, Wm 

R 

Rachow, Fred, fmr. . . . 

Renwick, G. H 

Rief, Geo., fmr 

Ritchie, Robert, elk... 

Robertson, Mary 

Rochford, Frank, fmr. 
Rochford, Michael . . . . 

Rochford, Thos 

Ross, Mort, fmr 

Rowe, Geo., fmr 

S 

Scheve, F. C, fmr 

Scheve, John 

Schmit, John 

Schmidt, Philip 

Schott, Christ 

Schrader, Henry, fmr. 

Schultz, Wm 

Schwartz, Wm., fmr. . 

Schwerin, Wm 

Seegers, Wm., fmr. . . . 

Sewell, Geo., fmr 

Sewell, Lizzie 

Shoemaker, J. W., fmr. 
Shrader, Henry, fmr. . 

Siefkers, Sigfried 

Smith, John 

Sorg, H. J., fmr 

Sorge, Philip, fmr.... 

Steege, Fred, fmr 

Steuer, Henry 

Swan, Julius, fmr 



^^ SECURE DATES EARLY AT w*w» 

Idler's 





Phone 
144 



A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



249 



Timm, A. E 

Timm, Gustave . . . . 
Timm, John, fmr... 
Timmerman, Fred . 
Torno, August .... 

Trager, Chas 

Trager, John A.... 
Trager, Lawrence . 
Treager, John, fmr. 

Triplet, Ann 

Triplett, Clyde 



Vanser, Fred, fmr. 



W 

Wagnei", Wm 

Warnke, Herman 

Wamke, John, fmr 

Waskow, Frank, fmr.... 

Waskow, Fred, Ibr 

Waskow, John, fmr 

Waskow, Will, Ibr 

Watenpaugh, A. A 

Webb, F. O., fmr 

Wells, F. J., Ibr 

Wells, H. A 

Wells, Jerry 

Wells, Katie 

Wenthe, Mrs. Minnie 

Wenthe, Wm., buttermki 
Westendorf, Albert, fmr. . 
Westendorf, John, fmr. . . . 
WestenJorff, Joseph, fmr. 
Westendorff, W. C, fmr.. 

Whiting, W. H., fmr 

Whitnable, Benj., fmr.... 

Wilkins, J. D., fmr 

Wilson, F. L 

Winthe, Minnie 

Wittenberg, Fred, fmr. . . . 
Wittenburg, Herman .... 



Wittenburg, J. F 

Wolfgram, August .... 
Wolfgrahm, H, fmr 

VOLGA. 

P 
Probert, James, fmr. .. 

V 
Voshell, George, fmr... 
WADEN'A. 



Aeschliman, P. C, fmr. 

Allen, Mrs. George 

Anderson, Hans 

Andress, Rectina 



B 



Baldwin, Louisa, fmr. . 

Benson, Ole, fmr 

Bigler, Louis E, drugs.. 
Bolej'n, J. H., sawmill. . 
Brooks, Albert, fmr.. .. 

Brown, Fred, fmr 

B'lihlman. Gotfred, fmr 

Burget, Will, fmr 

Burgett, W. O., fmr 

Burke, Mary, fmr 



Cavanaugh, Philip, fmr 

Tavenough, Philip, woodchopper. 

Chase, James, fmr , 

Chase, J. J., fmr 

Clark, G. P., Ibr \ 

Cline, C. & J. W., fmrs 

Cline, Mary, fmr 

Cook, A. C, Ibr 



^ ^ ^ ^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO >^ ^ ^ ^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Kernahan & Gosse 1 l^ia 



PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers • • • • 



250 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Corbin. C. C, Ibr 

Corbin, Ed., fmr 

Corbin, Henry, fmr 

Corbin, J. B., fmr 

Corbin, Jobn, fmr 

Corbin, Maggie, fmr 

Corkery, James E., stock buyer. 

Corkery, John, mer 

Cornish, William, fmr 

Coventry, H. S., fmr 

Cox, James, mail carrier 

Cox, Nicholas, fmr .^. . . 

Cox, Timothy, fmr .*. . . 

Crandall, L. L, Ibr 

Crandall, W. D., barber 

Crawford, C. C, fmr 

Crawford, Bert, fmr 

Crawford, Ora, fmr 

Crawford, Phoebe, fmr 

Crandall, W. H., fmr 

Crocks, Prank, fmr 

Culbertson, E. E., fmr 

Culbertson, M. E., fmr. ........ 



Davis, George, fmr 
Davis, Zeb., carp. 

Durland, Ed 

Dye, Rebecca, Ibr. 
Dye, Sealy, Ibr. . . . 



Erickson, John, fmr. 
Ernst, E. P., fmr. . . . 
Ernst, Fred, fmr.... 
Ernst, John, fmr.... 
Everson, Even, fmr. 
Everson, Rose, fmr. . 



Fennell, Ellen, fmr. . 
Fennell, E. C, fmr. . . 
Fennell, William, fmr 



-VISIT: 



Fisher, James, fmr 

Flannagan, Thos., fmr... 
Flannagan, William, fmr. 

Frame, Wm., fmr 

Frey, J. M., fmr 



Gage, Henry, fmr. . . . 
Garley, C. A., fmr. . . 
Gernand, Fred, fmr. 
Gorley, Rose, fmr... 



H 



Hageman, W. J., fmr 

Harrington, Dr. J. F 

Hastings, Ida, fmr 

Hellerich, John, harness 

Herbold, George, fmr 

Herriman, Charles, Ibr 

Herriman, Daniel, Ibr 

Herriman, Jacob, fmr 

Herriman, John, stock buyer. 

Herrling, A. G., p. m 

Herrling, C, rr. agt 

Herrling & Talcott, hdwe.... 

Hobart, H. H., fmr 

Hollister, J. J., mer 

Huddy, J. W., Ibr 

Hummel, Martin, fmr 

Hummel, Perry, fmr 

Hunsburger, Lewis, fmr 



Jennings, Bert, fmr 

Jennings, George, fmr... 
J'Tunings, Le3t(: r, fmr. . . . 
Jennings, Mary A., fmr. 
Jennings, Sidney, fmr. . . 

Johnson, Anna, fmr 

Johnson, Christ, fmr.... 
Johnson, O. F., fmr. . . . , 
Johnson, Richard, fmr. . 
Jones, George, fmr 



E. N. Ross & Son 



SO. FREDERICK ST. 



.PHONE 21 



Furniture 

CARPETS, RUGS 



Smith SGrauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP uj^uj THAT'S ALL 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



2rA 



Jordan, Wm., fmr.. 
Joyce, Patrick, fmr. 

K 



Kelley, Matthew, fmr 

Kennedy, J. C, fmr 

Kennedy, Mrs. John 

Kennedy, Maggie 

Keve Lbr. Co., (p. o. Arlingtony 

Kerr, Uriah, fmr 

Killerlain, J. E., fmr 

Kirmse, Paul, lbr 

Klingman, M. A., fmr 

Kimpson Bros., f mrs 

Knutson, Rier, blksmth 

Krebs, Charles, fmr 

Krebs, John, fmr 

Krebs, Wfti., fmr 

Kuhn, Henry, sec irm 



Milkr, Charles, fmr 

Miller, E. G., fmr 

Minger, Fred, fmr 

Miniger, John, fmr 

Miniger, Mary, fmr 

Mitchell, A. H., meat mkt. 
Moore, J. S., Rev 



Ogle, Fremont 

Ogle, Sarah, fmr. . . . 
Oldfather Bros., fmrs. 



Lamphere, Oscar, fmr. 
Larson, Charles, fmr. . 
Laughren, Thos., fmr. 

Lawler, John, fmr 

Lewis, W. Q., fmr. . . . 
Lockard, Henry, fmr. . 
Lockard, Hugh, fmr. . . 
Lockard. J. D., fmr. . . . 
Lugenbuhl, Fred, fmr. 

Mc 



Page, A. L., fmr 

Page, Ed., fmr 

Page, Lorenzo, fmr.... 
Patterson, Wilbur, fmr. 
Perkins, Clinton, lbr... 
Perkins, Warren, fmr. . 
Peterman, H.' B., clerk. 

Pierce, Jesse, fmr 

Poor, Frank, Ibi' 

Poor, Mrs. Lizzie, lbr. . . 

Poor, Maggie, lbr 

Poor, W. J., lbr 



McGee, Ann, fmr... 
McLaver, Ann, fmr. 
McLavey, Wm., fmr. 

IVi 



Magie, Ernest, fmr 

Markley, T. C, clerk 

Mattocks Bros., fmrs 

Messerli, Christ, fmr 

Messerli, Christ, Jr., fmr. 



Raftis, James, fmr... 

Raftis, J. Ed 

Robbins, H. F., tmstr. 
Robbins, John, fmr... 
Robbinson, H., fmr. . . 
Roys, Will 



Sackett, A. W., clerk 

Sargent, Wm., dray 

Schmidt, H. A., telephone... 
Schroeder, F. J., creamery. 

Scott, G. G., rtd mer 

Seward, W. J., fmr 

Sloan, Robert, fmr 



B RICHARDS HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUe 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



.N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Starr, Edson, fmr 

Starr, George, fmr 

Steffenhagen, J. J., fmr 

Stetter, C, hotel 

Stetter, Glen, Ibr 

T 

Talcott, C. A., fmr 

Talcott, Mrs. M. A., fmr 

Taylor, H. J., fmr 

Thompson Bros 

Toomey, Patrick, fmr 

Tripp, John, fmr 

Tschantz, Fred, fmr 

V 

Voshell, Calvin, fmr 

Voshell, E. W., livery 

Voshell, M. F., fmr 

Voshell, Peter, fmr 

W 

Walters, H. D.. fmr 

Walters, Martin, rtd 

Wells, Martha J., Ibr 

Wells, Victor, Ibr 

Welsh, James, fmr 

Wescott, Everett, fmr 

Wheeler, E. P., . Ibr 

Wheeler, Frank, fmr 

Wheeler, Fred B., fmr 

Wheeler, John R 

Wilcox, W. A., carp 

Wilson, C. H., fmr 

Wittenbaugh, John, fmr 

Wittenbaugh, Wm., savsr and feed mill 
Wyttenbach, Gottleib, rtd 

Z 

Zuercher, John, fmr 



WAUCOMA. 

A 

Abbott, H. W., fmr 

Adams, M. S., fmr 

Alton, J. E., fmr , 

B 

Baker, Claud, drayman 

Balk, John, fmr 

Balk, Jos. W., fmr 

Barbour, D. G., photographer . . , 

Barbour, Robt. M., fmr , 

Barbour, W. M., carpenter 

Beebe, A., restaurant 

Belding, H. H., dentist 

Belknapp, A. A., teacher . .«. 

Bemis, C, fmr 

Bemis, L. E., 

Bender, W. I., fmr 

Blanchard, Elgin, drayman 

Blong, Frank, fmr 

Blong, Matthew H., hdwe merch. 

Bodensteiner, James, fmr 

Bodensteiner, John, fmr. : 

Boeding, Herman, fmr 

Bouska, Charles, fmr 

Bouska, Martin P., fmr 

Bowers, G. W., rtd 

Bcwers, Wm., fmr 

Boylfan, Eliza, fmr 

Brace, Diana, rtd 

Brace, Guy E., fmr 

Brace, Wm., fmr 

Bradley, Mrs. A. M., rtd 

Brannan, Anna, rtd 

Brannon, Benedict, fmr 

Brannon, Ignatus, fmr 

Brannon, James E., fmr 

Brannon, J. J., fmr 

Branncn, Philip, fmr 

Brannon, T. K., fmr 

Bray ton, Cassie, dressmkr 

Bright, B. I., rtd merch 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders In Purs 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > Fine 
Cigars and Soda 
Water j^ > j» > 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



253 



Bright, D. D., rtd 

Broadbent, W. A., fmr 

Brockway, Barry, fmr 

Brockway, Geo. F., fmr 

Brockway, Major A., fmr 

Bruess, Christ, fmr 

Burget, Mrs. Mary M., rtd 

Burke, John, fmr 

Burke, Patrick, fmr 

Burns, John, Ibr 

Burnside, H. J., Ibr 

Burnside & Husband, druggists . . 

Burnside, J. M., druggist 

Byers, Emil, fmr 

Byers, Herman, fmr 

Byers, Will, fmr 

C 

Cannon, Alice, housewife 

Carter, Margaret, housewife 

Clark, Andrew, rtd 

Clark, A. M., fmr 

Clark, James, fmr 

Clark, Orlando, fmr , 

Clyde, Alex, fmr 

Clyde, F. W., fmr 

Cockran, A. H., ins. and land agt. 

Coffin, B., rtd mer 

Comstcck, H. S., fmr 

Conklin, Charlotte, housewife... 

Conklin, Ed., fmr 

Conklin, Georgie F.. fmr 

Conklin, Hawe, fmr 

Ccnklin, S. W., fmr 

Conklin, Will., fmr 

Connor, Joseph, fmr 

Coverdale, Wm., fmr 

Crider, Chester, Ibr 

Crider, J. C, fmr 

Croatt & Blong, hardware 

Croatt, Nicholas, fmr 

Crotatt, Victor, merch 

Crowther, Mrs. L. A., rtd fmr... 



D 

Dailey, Henry, fmr 

Dailey, Wm.; fmr 

Dickens, C. B., fmr 

Dickens, N. I., fmr 

Dirst, Emma, widow, pensions. 

Dodd, Dr. O. B 

i;?odd. Dr. F. B 

Dodd, Mary J., doctor's wife... 

Dooley, Wm., fmr 

Doyle, James E., fmr 

Doyle, J. T., Ibr , 

Doyle, Julia, widow. . .' , 

Drilling, F. W., fmr 

Drilling, George, fmr 

Drilling, Joseph, fmr 

Drilling, Mat, fmr 

Duclos, Matthew, Ibr 

Duffy, Fanny, dressmkr 

Dungey, Albert, fmr 

E 

Erler, Augusta, rtd fmr 

F 

Farley, Emma, housewife .• 

Farley, .1. E., Ibr 

Farr, Elmer, fmr , 

Farr, Mrs. Ella E. widow 

Farrell, Ed., fmr 

Farrell, James, Ibr 

Farrell, John, fmr 

Fee, Chas. M., fmr 

Fee, Tina J., wife of C. M 

Finch, Max, fmr 

Finch, R. E., fmr 

Fish, Chas., fmr 

Fitch, J. E., brick layer 

Flynn, John, fmr. 

Foot, J. C, drugs 

Ford, Thos., Ibr 

Fcreman, Nelson, fmr 

Foreman, R. N., fmr 



JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS THAT YOU KNOW 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

^ Mm 



(l$drs 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



254 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECJTORY. 



Franzen, Henry, fmr. 
FranzSn, Matt, fmr. . . 
Furgeson, S. C, fmr. . 



Gage, G. R 

Garger, Fanny 

Gibbs, Anna L. 

Gibbs, L. J., Ibr 

Gifford, L. C, fmr 

Gifford, Margeret, rtd . . . . 

Gifford, Sim, rtd 

Gillard, Ason, fmr 

Gillard, David, Ibr 

Gillard, Mrs. Hattie, fmr. 

Goodnow, H. A., fmr 

Goodnow, H. C, fmr 

Guptill, Charles, fmr.... 
Guptill, F. E., fmr 



H 



Hackman, G. H., fmr 

Haines, Alfred, fmr , 

Haines, Charles, fmr 

Hale, George, rtd fmr 

Hale, W. W., fmr 

Hall, R. A., fmr 

Hancock, Fred, fmr 

Harris, Jeremiah 

Hathaway, S. L., fmr 

Haugh, E. A., fmr 

Haugh, Henry, fmr 

Haugh, Mrs., fmr 

Hayze, Jno 

Hetherton, James, Ibr 

Hetherton, R. J., fmr 

Hetherton, Thos. F., fmr 

Hetherton, Wm., fmr 

Hogan, Martin 

House, A. H., fmr 

House, Sarah A., wife rtd fmr. 

Howe, Charles, fmr 

Howe, Frank, fmr 

Howe, Fred, fmr 



Howe, Mary O., fmr 

Howell, Wm. E., fmr 

Huber, Tony, fmr 

Hunnerberg, W. H 

Hurd, Mrs. N. A., milliner. 
Husband & Whitney, fmr. 



Jarchow, Henry, fmr. . . 
Jellings, George, fmr. . . , 

Johnson, A. N 

Johnson,, Herbert, fmr. 



K 



Keith, Mrs. E. C, wife of Peter. 

Keith, P. W., insurance agt 

Kent, William, blksmth , 

Kieron, Edward 

Kieron, J. J 

Kieron, J. W 

Kieron Bros., gen mdse 

King, G. A. & Son, hardware. . . . 

Knapp, Charles, Ibr 

Knapp, Edward, fmr 

Kolbet, P. J., buttermaker 

Kruse, John, fmr 

Kuennen, Frank W., fmr 

Kuennen, J. B., fmr 

Kuhner, John, fmr 

Kunz, Jacob, fmr 



I anee, Henry, fmr 

Leslie, Frank, fmr 

Leslie, Sarah L., rtd fmr. . . . 

Lickter, Jacob, Ibr 

Lindsay, J. B., fmr 

Lindsey, Robt., cattle dealer. 

Loyd, Charles, Ibr 

Lucas, John, fmr 

Luce, F. I., horse buyer 

T usscn, Nicholas, fmr' 

Lynch, Charles, fmr 



NEXT TIME TRY 



j^ j^ j^ 



PARKER, THE TAILOR 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleaning, Pressing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



255 



Lynch, Leo, Ibr 

Lynch, Matthew, Ibr. 
Lynch, Patrick R., Ibr. 
Lynch, Terrance, fmr. 
Lynch, Thos., Jr., fmr. 
Lynch, Thos., Sr., fmr. 

Mc 



McCall, J. E., fmr 

McCarthy, Hiram 

McEnaney, Catherine, rtd fmr. 
McEnaney, J. E., imp dealer... 

McEnaney, T. W., fmr 

McKay, F. F., merchant 

McKay, P. K., clerlv 

McMahn, J. J., fmr 



M 



Maher, Walter, fmr 

Mangan, Frank, barter 

Mangan, Thomas, cattle buyer. 

Marron, Jennie, widow 

Mangan, Mary A., wife Thos . . . 

Mayo, Ed., fmr 

Mayo, Seth, fmr 

Mead, Mary J., rtd 

Meyer, Bernard, fmr 

Meyer, Mrs. Bernard, fmr. . . 

Meyer, Catherine, fmr 

Meyer, Frank, fmr 

Meyer, F. H., fmr 

Meyer, John, Ibr 

Meyer, Mrs. Mary W 

Meyer, Wm., fmr 

Meyers, Elizabeth 

Meyers, Hattie 

Millbrandt, Carl, fmr '.'.'. 

Miller, Amanda 

Miller Etta ' 

Miller, John, fmr 

Miller, Dr. L. A., 

Miller, William, rtd fmr 

Mitchell, Jos., fmr 

Monroe, Norman, Ibr 



Morf, Catherine 

Mullen, E. E., fmr 

Mumby, Charles E., Ibr. 

Mumby, F. E 

Mumby, Herbert 

Mumby, J. W 

Mundt, F. H., fmr 

Murphy, Mrs. Maria . . . , 
Murphy, Thos., fmr.... 
Murphy, W. H., fmr... 



N 



Nauertz, E. P., fmr. . . . , 

Nauertz, Homer 

Nauertz, Peter 

Niehwane, Henry, fmr. 

Nims, Frank, fmr 

Nims, W. H., fmr 

Nims, Wm. L., fmr 

Nolte, George, fmr 

Nolte, John, fmr 

Northrup, Helen, rtd.. 
Northrup, H. A., fmr.. 



Odell, Wm. 



Page, B. D., fmr 

Parker, Catherine 

Parker, Charles 

Parker, Walter 

Paul, E. M., fmr 

Peet, Miss Mary 

Pepper, O. H., fmr 

Perry, Stephen, fmr.... 

Pierce, Frank, fmr 

Pierce, George, Jr., fmr 
Pierce, Geo., Sr., fmr.. 
Pierce, Walter, fmr.... 

Plummer, D. C, Ibr 

Potter, C. M., fmr 

Potter, D. W., fmr 



PHONE 98. 



BELL & RICHARDS 

HAC,( CJiLLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



For Fine and 
Up-to-Date 
Livery Rigs See 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Bood Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 
14 FIRST avenue: south— -^ 



256 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Potter. G. W., fmr 
Potter, Galern .... 



Reams, Albert, fmr 

Reams, Clarence, fmr 

Reed, F. B., restaurant. . . 
Reed, J. W., furn dealer. 
Richmond, A. D., fmr.... 
Richmond, G. A., fmr.... 

Richmond, L. C, fmr 

Ridgeway, W. S., fmr 

Rhinehart; A., Ibr 

Roberts, H. N., Ibr 

Roberts, L. C, fmr 

Roberts, Walter, Ibr 

Rogers, Clara 

Rogers, O. N., fmr 

Rogers, R. W 

Rogers. RoUa 

Rubendall, Geo 



Sanford, John H.. Ibr. . . . 
Sanford, S. H., rtd fmr. . 

Scallan, James, fmr 

Soa.llen, J. E., fmr 

Scalley, James, fmr 

Schlaughter, Selina, fmr. 

Schlichte, A. C, fmr 

Schlichte, Bernard, fmr. . 
Schlichte, Gerhard, fmr . . 
Schlichte, John, Sr., fmr. 
Schlichte, John H., fmr. 
Schoeberle, J. S., fmr. . . . 
Schonefeldt, Fred, fmr.. 

Schoonover, E. D 

Schwamman, John 

Scott, Robert 

Servoss, Shular, grocer. . 

Shephard, Charles 

Shepard, C. S., fmr 

Shook, A. W 

Shook, Mrs. E. F 



Shook, E. F., horse doctor. . . . 

Shook, Fred, painter 

Shortel, Mary 

Shortel, Michael 

Sixt, Michael, fmr 

Sloan, L. H., fmr 

Smith, A. F., Ibr 

Smith, Mrs. B 

Smith, Clem T., fmr 

Smith, Fred, fmr 

Smith, Helen 

Smith, Jeremiah 

Smith, Lafe, fmr 

Smittle, Dr. J. M 

Smittle, Phoebe E 

Smock, O. C 

Smothers, Wm., fmr 

Snyder, Wallace 

Soukob, John, fmr 

Soukob, Joseph, fmr 

Soukob, Will, fmr 

Sperry, W. R., fmr 

Stafford, L. G., painter 

Stafford, W. D., racket store.. 

Steadman, W. W., fmr 

Stedman, Elizabeth 

Steele, James B 

Stone, Mrs. E. J 

Stone, George, fmr 

Stone, G. O 

Stone, Hattie M 

Stone, Leo C 

Stone, W. B., fmr 

Stone, W. H., fmr and banker 



Tabbert, Hermian, fmr. . . 

Tank, Wm., fmr 

Tesmer, Charles, fmr. . 
Tesner, Ferdinand, fmr. 

Tesner, Mrs. F 

Thompson, D. A., fmr . . , 

Thompson, Geo 

Thompson, Wm 

Tompson, John, lor 



SEEJ. W. RIDLERFOR 

Sanitary Plumbing^ 




'ffi' A. C. WILSON iS 



DrugS' 



Books' 



Stationery 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Thompson, Sarah E . . . 
Tierney, Timothy, fmr. 

Towell, James 

Trime, O. W., fmr 

Tupper, Carl 

Twamley, Robert 

T warn ley, William ... 

V 

Van Buskirk, Ida 

Veally, Mary A 

W 

Wayman, 3. G. 

Webster, A 

Webster Bros 

Webster. Charles . . . . , 

Webster, J. P 

West, F. P 

Westpfahl, Henry . . . . 

Whipp, Mrs. C. A 

Whitney, Clyde, fmr. . . 
Whitney, E. G., fmr. . . 
Whorley, F. J., rtd fmr. 

Whorley, Jacob 

Whoerley, Mrs. Jacob . , 

Whorley, Louisa 

Wilke, Sarah J 

Wilkie, Sarah 

Willis, S. E 

Wilson, M. B 

Winter, Fred, fmr 

Winter, George H., fmr 
Winter. Henry, fmr. . . , 
Winter, John, fmr...., 

Winter. Otto 

Winter, Mrs. Pauline . 

Winter, Wm 

Wurzer, Anton 

Y 

Young, L. H 

Young, N. J. & A. R.., 



Z 

Zuctner, Edward 

WESTGATE. 

A 

Adam, Fred, fmr 

Auer, Chas., fmr 

Auer, Fred, fmr 

B 

Baenbrick, Chas., ibr 

Baker. S. J., fmr 

Barnard, Herbert, Ibr 

Bavtels, Fred, Jr., fmr 

Bartels. Fred, Sr., fmr 

BartelG, Herman, fmr 

Bartels, John, fmr 

Bart els, W. B 

Bartels, Wm. J., fmr 

Bartz, Carl, fmr 

Baxter, Hube. fmr 

Baxter, Mrs. R. P., fmr 

Bayness, John, fmr 

Bayness, Wm., hired man 

Becker, Thos., fmr 

Beimbrech, Chas., mason 

Bender. Louis, blksmth 

BethkL". Will, Ibr 

Block, Wm. F., fmr 

Boeckman, F. C, fmr 

Bond, W. H., fmr 

Bradley, J. R 

Brann, August, fmr 

Branch, H. P., editor 

Bros^ha, Henry, I'mr 

Buesing, Henry, fmr 

Buesing, L. W., hotsl landlord. 



Carpenter, Homer A., well digger. . 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MaJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan 6c Gosse 

phone: 50. no. 12 FIRST ST". SOUTH 



25S 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Clark, H. E., section man. 
Coleman, F. S., cashier. . 

Connable, Bert, Ibr 

Corbin, C. E., fmr 

Culver, John, fmr 



Davelaar, .John G., fmr... 
Decker, Mrs. Chris., fmr. 
De Garzon, H. G., doctor. . 
Deluhry, Maggie, tchr. . . . 

Deluhery, Pat, fmr 

Deluhery, TJm, fmr 

Deluhery, Wre., fmr 

Dickens, A. M., fmr 

Dickey, E. H., fmr 

Di"key, Elston, fmr 

Dietrich, Gottlieb, fmr... 

Doty, Allen, fmr 

Doty, Bert, section boss . . 
Doty, Roy, section man, . 
Downing, Albert, fmr. . . . 
Downing, Ashley, fmr. . . . 

Dov/ning, C. E., impl 

Downing, Mrs. E., fmr. . . . 
Downing, J. R., hdwre. . . . 

Downing, Mrs. Lizzie 

Downing, Roy, fmr 

Downing, W. W., fmr. . . . 

Dwyer, Alice, I'mr 

Dwyer, Mrs. John 

Dwyer, Michael, rtd fmr. 



Edwards, G. A., fmr. 

Egan, John, fmr 

Egan, W. J., imr. . . . 
Eiler, B. A., fmr 



Farin, E. H., mer 

Pox, F. E., wood sawyer. 



Fox, Jessie, fmr. . . 

Fox, L., tmr 

Fox, L. A., Sr., fmr. 

Fox, Roy, fmr 

Fox, S. T., fmr 

Fridley, F, J., fmr. . 
Funk, R B., imr. , 



Gadow, Gottlieb, fmr 

Gadow, Wm,, fmr 

Gaortner, R., wagon mkr 

Galson, John 

Galvin, J. P., fmr 

Galvin, M. H., fmr 

Ginter, George, harness mkr, 
Ginter, H C, harness mkr, , , 

Grannis, H, R., rr. agent 

Green, John, rtd fmr 

Griffith, Frank, Ibr 

Griffith, J, O., btchr 

Griitzmacher, Fred, fmr 

Guida, John, fmr 

Gumm, Fred, fmr 

Gumm, Wm,, fmr 

Guritz, Chas,, fmr 

Guritz, Fred, fmr 



H 



Hageman, Wm,. fmr , . . . 

Hagenbuch, Christ,, blksmth 

Hagenbuch, Wm,, ball player (Oelwe; 

Hall, Art., fmr 

Hall, Cass, fmr 

Heller, Carl, fmr 

Heller. John, Ibr 

Hill, Archie, ibr 

Hollenbeck, Elmer, workman 

Hollenbeck, H. C, grain buyer 

Hopka. Gottlieb, fmr 

Hopka, Herman, fmr 

Hopka, Paul, blksmth 

Hopka, Wm., fmr 



VISIT== IP ., 

E. N. Ross & Son EMMI 



so. FREDERICK ST. 



PHONE 21 CARPETS, RUGS 



FROM THE BEST THAT'S MADE TO THE CHEAPEST THAT'S GOOD 

SMITH & GRAUER. Jailors 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



259 



Hoth, H., fmr. 



]ahn, C. F.. fmr 

Jarschen, Gustave, fmr. , 
Jenks, O. M., fmr. ..... 

Johnson, Davirl E., fmr 
Johnson, Orrey, Ibr 



K 



Kauten, Joseph, fmr 

Kauten, P. C, imr 

Keegan, Christ, section man. 

Kelly, C, fmr 

Klammer, Fred, fmr 

Klammer, G. P., fmr 

Klammer, Wm., rtd fmr 

Klammer, W. F 

Knief, Clara, millinery 

Knief, Mrs. C, widow 

Knief, Mrs. Chris., rtd fmr. . 

Knief. Fred, fmr 

Knief, T. W., fmr 

Knief, Mrs. G.. fmr 

Knief, Mrs. G. P., fmr 

Knippling, John, fmr 

Koch, George, rtd fmr 

Koelling, Fred, fmr . 

Koelling, G., Adolph, fmr... 

Koelling, H. J., fmr 

Koelling, Mrs. Wilemena. . . . 

Komos, Herman, fmr 

Kroehler, Louisa 

Kulow. George, fmr 

Kurrnus, H., fmr 



Lange, Henry, fmr 

Latimer, G. H., mail carrier. 

Leech, G. A., fmr 

Leverton, Chas., fmr 

Lewis. Charles, rtd fmr.... 



Lewis, E. E., drayman.... 

Leyh, L., fmr ; . . . . 

Likiss. R. W., fmr 

Lilley, Mrs. H., Ibr 

Limhagen, Fred, fmr 

Linstrum, C. J., fmr 

Linstrum, Louis, rtd fmr. 

Littig, Mrs. Henry 

Lusby, E. W., druggist. . . . 



Mc 



McClain, John, fmr 

McClain, S. E., fmr 

McCue. E. J., fmr 

McCue, L., fmr 

McCue, R. L., milk hauler 

McMahon, P. W., fmr 

McSweeney, Henry, fmr 

McSweeney, Mrs. John, fmr 

McSweeney, J. H., fmr 

McSweeney, J. M., fmr 

Mchweeney, J. S., fmr 

McSweeney, P. L., fmr 

McSweeney, Wm., fmr 

McSweeney, W. J., stock buyer. 



M 



.Madigan, T. F., fmr 

Madigan. John, fmr 

Madigan, M., fmr 

Mahoney, Daniel, rtd fmr.... 

Mahoney. Flenry, fmr 

Mfiiley, Hank, fmr 

Matthias, W. C, fmr 

Meswarb, W. J., stock buyer. 

Metzka. Oscar, fmr 

Meyers, Fred, fmr 

Miles, John, fmr 

Miles, Wm., fmr 



N 

^'auholz, Henry, imp. man. 




RICHARDS 



phone: 98, 



PICNIC PARTIES A SPECIALTY 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnishers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor 



260 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



NTeins, John, fmr. 

Niemeyer, Gustave, fmr 
Noak, Gustave, fmr... 

Nolle, John, fmr 

Nuss, Mrs. John. fmr. . . 

O 

0':enchain, Wm., fmr. . 
Ottroggie, FreJ, fmr... 

P 

Plaster, Charles, fmr. . . 

Plaster, Fred, fmr 

Plaster, G., fmr 

Platte, August, fmr 

Plotz, Fred. Ibr 

Ponsar, Robt., fmr 

Portratz, Fred, fmr 

Potter, Lou, fmr Ibr.... 

Pov.'ers. Wm., fmr 

Pratt, Fred, fmr 

Q 

Ouandt John, Ibr 

Quinn, James, Jr., fmr., 
Quinn, James, Sr., fmr. , 

R 

Raether, Fred, fmr 

Raether, John, fmr 

Rather, Ferdinand, fmr. , 

.Regenp.ld. Joe, fmr 

ReJyca, Frank, fmr 

Retland, E., fmr , 

Reuber, John, fmr 

Reuber, J. L., fmr 

Reuber, Wm., fmr 

Richter, Carl, livery.... 

Rickert, John, fmr 

Ritchie, A. F., tmr , 

Ritchie. Adam, fmr 



Ritchie, Andrew, fmr 

Ritchie, Mary, boarding 

Ritchie, Mrs. Thomas, fmr 

Ross, Morton, fmr 

Ruckert, John, fmr 

Rueber, John, fmr 

Reuber, R. J., clerk (see Reuber) 
Rueber, W. L 

S 

Sachtlaben, S. A., fmr 

Sassenburg, H., shoemkr 

Scheibe, Gottlieb, fmr 

Schevo, John, fmr 

Schmidt, John, fmr 

Schomaker, W. H., banker 

Schrack, Harry, mach man 

Schwarz, Carl, fmr 

Schwarz, Jacob, rtd fmr 

Shafer, Clinton, fmr 

Shafer, Henry, fmr 

Shortau, H., fmr 

Sidler, H. fmr 

Springer, John, Mrs 

Stahl, Theodore, shoemkr 

?.tp.ege, C, fmr 

Steege, Mrs. Conrad, fmr 

Steege. H. W., fmr. 

Steege, Wm 

Steil, John, fmr 

Stephens. George, fmr 

Stephens, John, fmr 

Stephens, W. J., fmr 

Stewart, James A., elk 

Stevga, Mrs Cory, fmr 

Stohr, Corwin, fmr 

Sugers, Wm., fmr 

T 

Tegtmeier, August, fmr 

Tegtmeier, Wm., mer 

Thran. Carl, fmr 

Thran, Gustave, fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING GO TO 

ig'er's Shoe Store 




SOUTH FREDERICK' 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL f* jf.;-;! 

nRUB en — ^— ^ Sundries ^ Fine 
DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL ME/>LEY" Water ^ ^ ^ >^ 

" FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 261 



Tietje, Henry, fmr 

Tift, W. T., fmr 

Pimm, John, fmr 

Towlerton, J. H., rtd fmr... 
Tretow, Henry 

U 

Uhlman, Rev. R 

V 

Vauser, Fred 

W 

Wheeler, Elton, fmr , 

Wilbur, Henry, rtd fmr 

Wilkins, E. W., fmr 

Wilkins, J. D 

Williams. J. C, fmr 

Willis, John, fmr 

Winegar, D. E., fmr •. 

■ Winegar, J. R., fmr 

Winegar, P. H., fmr 

Winegar, Ralph, fmr 

Winegar, Roy, fmr 

Winkler, Ernest, Ibr 

Wolt. Earl, fmr 

Wolf, John, fmr. 

Wolfe, George, fmr 

Z 

Ziegler, Philip, fmr 

Zilmer, August, fmr 

Zilmer, John, fmr 

WEST UNiON. 
A 

Ackley, Lee, bbr 

•Adams, John Q., marble dlr 

Adams, Sarah M 

.A.insworth, E. A. physician. 
Ainsworth, W. J., lawyer.. 



Albee, E. E., fmr 

Alcorn, Archie C, fmr 

Alcorn, George, fmr 

Alcorn, Lester G., fmr 

Alcorn & McMasters, fmrs 

Alcorn, W. J., fmr 

Allen, Clarence E., section foreman.... 

Amdahl, Andrew Olson, fmr 

Anders, Julia A., dressmkr 

.Anderson, Andrew, fmr 

Anderson, R. G., lawyer 

.Anderson, Wm. A., fmr c^k, 

Appelman, Louis, fmr 

Archer, Charles C, harnessmkr 

Archer. George, harnessmkr 

Archer, Minnie M 

Ash, Charles, fmr 

Ash, Ed L., imp dlr 

Ash, Lavern A., P. O. Deputy 

Ash, Susie S 

Askelson, Askel, tmr , 

Askelson, Lars, fmr 

B 

Bacon, Charles, soldier 

Bacon. Sarah W . . 

Badger, F. I, 

Badger, Henry, fmr 

Badger, R. E., fmr 

Bailey, Louis, fmr 

Baldwin, Charles W., printer 

Baldwin, Harriet, widow 

Ball. John H.. express ., 

Ballard, E. R., photographer .' 

Ballenger, A., Ibr 

Barclay, S. W.. fmr 

Barker, Osc3r D., Ibr 

Barker, Walter B., rtd fmr 

Barnes, Hunt, horse trainer 

Barnes, Josephine 

Barnes, Loren E., Ibr 

Barnhart, J. A., fmr 

Barnhouse, Anna, fmr 

Darnhouse, Frank, fmr 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



F. H. TOUSLEY 



Wholesale Manufacturer of 

IOl)ii((0 



(i^ars 



■32 SOUTH FREDERICK- 



262 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Barnhouse, J. M., fmr 

Bartholomew, Lizzie 

Bartlett, Frank, fmr 

Bartlett, L. L., physician 

Baumgartner, Joseph, fmr 

Beamer, Mrs. Fannie, fmr 

Belden, Clarence, fmr 

Belden, N. A 

Belknap, Ray H., Co. Supt. schools.. 

Bemis. BerT, fmr 

Berkey, E. H 

Berkey, .Jane 

Berkey, J. .T., ins. agt 

Berkey, John E., poultry 

Berkey, Louis C 

Berkey, Willard D., ins. agt 

Bernau, A. J., bbr 

Bernau, Mrs. C 

Bernatz, Mary 

Bernatz, Matthew, miller 

Betsinger, Emily Mrs 

Bielfuss, Herman, fmr 

Billings. Frank C, creamery 

Billings, Waren, fmr 

Billmeyer, Charles 

Billmeyer, Ed., fmr 

Billmeyer, William, fmr 

Bishop, Frank, fmr 

Bishop,,, H. W., fmr 

Bitzberger, Mrs., nurse 

Blackmun, H. B., fmr 

Bloomfield, Frank, fmr 

Bloomfleld, L. L., fmr 

Blunt. A. B., deputy sheriff 

Blunt, Harry G., bookkpr 

Blunt, Jesse, fmr 

Blunt, John, fmr 

Boale, Grace, fmr 

Boalc, Hannah, tchr 

Boale, John, fmr 

Boice. R. L., Ibr 

Boier, L. L., fmr 

Bomes. E. L., Ibr 

Bopp, J. W., rl est 

Borland, C. B., elk 



Borland. Mrs. Harriett 

Borland, John, fmr 

Borland, Nancy J., fmr 

Borland, Nus 

Borland, Wm., fmr 

Bower, Mrs. J. W., fmr 

Bowman, A., fmr 

Boyer, John, fmr 

Boyer, Lester, fmr 

Boyer, Rosa, servant . 

Bradley, James 

Branch, B. W., ins. agt 

Branch, Earl B., mer 

Branch, Margie E 

Branch, O. W., painter 

Brause, August, fmr 

Brause, Daniel, fmr 

Brause, David, fmr 

Brause, Fred, fmr 

Brause, George 

Brause, Gu's W., fmr 

Brause, Wm., tmr 

Brewer, Ed E., station agt rr. . . 

Brooks, George, fmr 

Brooks, Mrs. Wm 

Brown, Estella E 

Brown, Frank, tv. slsm 

Brown, Jay 

Brown, Lee F., mer 

Brown, Louise P., confectionei-y. 

Brown. V. N., rtd soldier 

Bunton, F. L., fmr 

Bunton, L. M 

Burnham, L. W 

Burns, Josephine 

Burrett, A. R., janitor bank 

Burrett, Mary A 

Butler, Barton, Ibr 

Butler E. Glarence,bakery 

Butler, J. D., fmr 

Butler, N. W., boarding house. . 

Butler, Wm. H., Ibr 

Bvers. W. F., fmr 



Cain, Moses. Ibr 



NEXT TIME TRY ^ ^ ^ 
PARKER, THE TAILOR 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



FAYETTE COUNTS DIRECTORY. 



263 



Callender, J. H., grain buyer... 

Camp, Frank, cashier banlv 

Campbell. Frank, Ibr 

Campbell, George, Ibr 

Cannom, William L., dentist.... 

Cannon, .T. E., fmr 

Capper, .Tames E., Ibr 

Carlson. Carl, Imr 

Carlson, Peter 

Carlson, Rasmus, Ibr 

Carmichel, H. C, fmr 

Carmichel, H. M., fmr 

Carpenter, Dan S., fmr 

Carter, J. H 

Carter Manly Co., clothiers 

Carter, S. B., fmr 

Chambers, C. P., elk 

Chandler. B. D., horse buyer... 

Chandler, F. C, restaurant 

Chandler, Hazen E., painter.... 

Chandler, Kate E 

Chapman, C. L., fmr 

Chapman, Frank, fmr 

Chapman, James E., driver 

Chapman, J. I., fmr 

Chapman, Walter, fmr '. 

Chensvold, A 

Chensvold. C, fmr 

Chensvold, Peter, fmr 

Childs, Frank, Ibr 

Childs, Helen L 

Childs, W^m. F 

Clapp, Mrs. A. C, fmr 

Clark, Malissa A 

Clark, Wm., fmr 

Clark, W. A., fmr 

Clements, D. W., atty 

Clements. Mary A 

Clothier, Ella, (Fayette) 

Clover. Evanna 

Colburn. Charles W., nightwatch. 

Colburn. Wm. M., bbr 

Colby, Wm., justice 

Conkey, Charles 

Conkey, G. F., fmr 



Connor, Henry W., fmr 

Cook, Amos, painter 

Cook, Mrs. Belle 

Cook, J. H., fmr 

Cook, John R., special agt 

Cock, John W, soldier 

Cook, Norah N 

Cook, Sarah A 

Cooley, H. C, fmr , 

Cooley, L. S., fmr 

Cousins, Elmer, fmr 

Cousins, Peter, fmr 

Cox, J. T., fmr 

Craft, Art., fmr , 

Craft, H., fmr 

Craft, John I., fmr 

Craft, Martha 

Craine, A. R., fmr 

Craine, E. W., fmr 

Craine, Mary 

Craine, Nelson, fmr 

Crawford, Arthur, fmr. 

Crawford, Mrs. A., fmr 

Crawford, David, fmr 

Crawford, Elizabeth 

Crawford, Mrs. Elwell, fmr 

Crosby, Wm. C, blksmth 

Crowder, W. G., minister 

Crowe, Fred, fmr 

Crowe, Hannali, fmr 

Crowe, John J., fmr 

Cullins, A. J., fmr 

CuUins, Clellie E., R. F. D. carrier. 

Cullins, George, fmr 

Cullins, Mrs. G. W., fmr 

Cullins, Harry 

Culver, C. L., sheriff 

Curtibs, Mary, fmr 



Dahl, Edward, Ibr . . . , 

Dahl, Emil, Ibr 

Dagelman, Mary J. . . . , 
Daniels, Benj. D., Ibr. 



BELL & RICHARDS 



PHONE 9 S. 



HACK GALLS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE CITY DAY OR NIGHT 



W. G. FETTKETHER 

Livery, Sale and Feed Stable 



GOOD TfAMS, EASY RIGS AND CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



PHONE 32 



■2Qi 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Daniels, James H., Ibr 

Daniels, John, Ibr 

Daniels, Wm. A., Ibr 

Danielson, Benj, fmr 

Danielson, Daniel, fmr 

Danks, S. H., fmr (Douglass) 

Darnell, G. D., physician 

Davis, Alice E 

Dean, F. A., fmr 

Degelman, Fred J., cigar mkr 

Deitrich, Mrs. Erna 

Delmore, August, fmr Ibr 

Deppe, M. M., agl. dlr 

Dershan, George, Ibr 

Dershan, H. Clay, fmr 

Dershan, Maurice E., printer 

Desart, Jeremiah, Ibr 

Desart, Leander E., Ibr 

Desart, Mathew M., Ibr 

Dewey, R. F., auctioneer 

Dick, Chris, ibr 

Dickens, Edward, Ibr 

Dickey, R. J., horse dealer (St. Paul) . 

Dickson, Wm 

Dikline, David, Ibr 

Dildine, James G., elk 

Domkc, August, fair 

Domke, Fritz 

Domke, Martin 

Domke. Wm., fmr 

Donaldson, R M., rtd fmr , . . . 

Dooley, R. C, fmr 

Donlittle, Delia 

Dorland, Charles 

Dorland, Cornelius, tmstr 

Dorland, David L., liveryman 

Dorland, Edward A., fmr 

Dorland, Ed C, barber 

Dorland, Sophia 

Dorland, Ted 

Dorland, W. A., rl est 

Dorland, W. L., Ibr 

Dorland, Neil, cigar mkr 

Dorland, Wm. F 

Doty, Truman, fmr 



Dowd, Wm. M., truck farm 

Dowse, George 

Drewes, Claus, fmr 

Drewes, Henry, fmr 

Du Bois, W. W., Ibr , 

Dullard, J. M., fmr 

Dullard, Patrick, fmr 

Dullard, Wm., fmr 

Dunbar, Harvey, plasterer 

Dunbar, Louisa 

Dunbar, Rose 

Dunbar, Tom, plasterer 

Durscher, J. J., fmr 

Dutton, Lorenzo, rtd fmr 

Dwyer, J. W., rl est 

Dwyer, Maurice 

Dwyer & Tamblyn, Imbr 

Dye, Mrs. Andrew 

Dye, Beulah 

Dye, Mary J 

Dykins, C. C, rtd 

Dykins, Chas. W., lawyer 

E 

Earl, J. J 

Earl, Jane White, rtd fmr 

Eastman, Loftus , 

Ebert, Emma R 

Ecker, Ernest C, printer 

Ecker, Hattie, boarding house.... 

Eckcr, Wm. G., Ibr 

Eddy, Pierce, Ibr 

Edison, John 

Edmund, Grace M 

Edmund, Joseph, cigar mkr 

Edmunds, Leroy, Ibr 

Elwell, Clara L 

Elwing, John O., tailor 

Erickscn, Miss A, wash woman... 
Erickson, Louis N., music dealer. 

Esterbrook, Alice 

Esterbrook, Mrs. E 

Estey, Albert H., lawyer 

Evans, Carl, mer 

Evans & Schatz, clothiers 



J. W. RIDLER, p 

PHONES 23 AND 33 ' 

15 NORTH FREDERICK 




Phone 
144 



A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Wall Paper— Paints— Window Glass 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



265 



Evenson, Lars | ^"*^' ,^- ^•' ^^J"- •.• • • 

Evenson Nels ! Froehlich, Catherine 

Evenson! Thos, fmr'. '.'.'.'. , Fues, Fred, fmr 

I Fuller, Lew C, Ibr. . . 

F Fuller, Wm. E., asst. atty. gen. 



Falb, Fred, mer 

Farr, A., Ibr 

Farr, E. L 

Farr, George, painter 

Farr, L. L., soldier 

Farrill, John, S., stone mason 

Farrington, H. A., gardner 

Fay, George, W., Ibr 

Fayette Co. National Bank 

Fayette Co. Savings Bank 

Fels, Martin, fmr 

Ferrington, Cyrus, gardner 

Finch, Benj. W., ins. agt 

Finch, James D., horse buyer 

Fisher, Amos 

Fisher, Lew A., grocer 

Fisk, James G., rtd fmr 

Fisk, -Karl D., trav salesman 

Fister, Peter, fmr 

Fitch, D., Ibr 

Fitch, George N 

Flynn, Michael, fmr 

Foley, E. T., fmr 

Follen, Mary E 

Foote, S. M., fmr 

Foster, D. P., pension 

Foster, L. O 

Foster, Peter, fmr 

Fox, Jennie, dressmkr 

Fox, John J., Ibr 

Fox, Mary J., dress mkr , 

Fox, Minnie, tailoress 

Franzen, Joseph, fmr 

Franzen, Peter, fmr 

Fraverd, George H., ti'aveling salesma' 

Fraverd, H. A., rtd 

Frisbie, B. R., fmr 

Frisbie, E. L., fmr 

Fritz, George M., Ibr 

Fritz, Jacob, fmr Ibr 



Gageby, F. J., minister 

Gardner, Fred L, stock buyer. 

Gardner, Hattie M 

Gardner, Mrs. Joseph 

Gardner, Joseph N., Ibr 

Gardner, M 

Gardner, Tom 

Gates, Frank, Ibr 

Gearhart, Louis, fmr 

Gearhart, S. J., fmr 

George, Henry, fmr 

George, Levina 

George, Miss Lucretia 

Gilbert, Elizabeth 

Gilbert, G. W., fmr 

Gilbert, Mark, rtd fmr 

Gilson, George M., miller 

Gilson, Harry B, miller 

Gilson, Oliver L., rtd fmr 

Ginter, Fred, fmr 

Gipper, John, fmr 

Glaver, Herman, fmr 

Glenn, S. B., barber 

Glover, F. J., fmr 

Glover, O. B., Jr., fmr 

Goode, G. T., fmr 

Goode, Mrs. R. A, fmr 

Gorham, James, Ibr..' 

Graff enberg. Max, fmr 

Graham, Mrs. James 

Graham & Schenck, lumber.. 

Gray, H. L 

Gray, L. D., trav agt 

Green, H. R., fmr 

Green, J. S., wagonmkr 

Green, S. B 

Green, S. E., druggist 

Green, T. L., postmaster 



If You Don't Know 




You Ought to 



THEY SELL CLOTHES 



Kernahan & Gosse 1 1^%= 



PHONE 50. 12 FIRST STREET SOUTH 



The Best is none 
too Good for our 
Customers • • • • 



266 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Griffith, Harry D., pianos and organs 
Griffith, Parker O., pianos and organs 

Griffith, T. P., mer 

Grimes, B., fmr 

Grimes, E. B., fmr 

Grimes, E. C, fmr 

Grimes, G. B'., fmr 

Grimes, I. M., fmr 

Grimes, L. A., fmr 

Grimes, M. W., fmr 

Grimes, R. J., fmr. 

Grimes, S. C, fmr 

Grimes, W. S., fmr 

Grimm, Ernest, fmr 

Gruver, A. J., section foreman 

Gruver, Elizabeth 

Gruver, Etta, elk 

Gruver, Fred 

Gruver, George, Ibr 

Gruver, John A 

Guenther, Adam, fmr 

Guenther, Fred, W., fmr 

Gundacker, Frew W., fmr 

Gunsaulus, A. C, mer 

Gurdy, Eliza 

Gurdy, Seth G., Ibr ......'.".'. 

Gurney, A. J., bank teller 

H 

Hacker, C. B., fmr 

Hackett, Celestia, fmr ".' 

Hackett, Mary 

Hackett, W. L., fmr '.'.'.'.'.".'.'.' 

Hames, Milton, Ibh 

Hames, S. R., mer 

Hall, Alfred L, Ibr 

Hall, A. T., Ibr 

Hall, D. H., fmr '.'.'.'.'..' 

Hall, John H., stockman 

Haller, Fred C, fmr '.". 

Halstead, Anna M., fmr .' 

Halstead, Wm. E., fmr ■ ' ' ." 

Hancock, H. P., lawyer ........' 

Hand, Harvey J., Ibr. 

Hand, Millie A 



Haneisen, Mrs. Fritz 

Hanson, Halver, fmr 

Harper, Charles 

Harper, James T., trav salesman. 

Harper, John, rtd 

Harris, W. F., painter 

Harrison, Crit C 

Harvey, Robt. R., fmr 

Hassler, Ed., fmr 

Hassler, J. A., fmr 

Havens, painter 

Hawer, J. W., fmr 

Hayes, Clifford, J., fmr 

Hazlett. J. H 

Hazlett, Orpha C, milliner 

Heald, Charlotte, rtd 

Heiserman, Benj., rtd 

Heiserman, Ed., fmr 

Heiserman, G. Merve, Ibr 

Heiserman, O. W., mer 

Heiserman, Wm., rtd mer 

Heldt, A., fmr 

Heldt, Emil, fmr 

Heldt, Mrs. E., fmr 

Heldt, Herman, fmr 

Heldt, Mrs. Herman, fmr 

Helmer, Elbert, fmr 

Helmer, J. W. & Son, fmrs 

Helmer, Lillie 

Henner, Karl, fmr 

Herrick, E. G., mer 

Herschinger, Jacob, fmr 

Herwig, George, fmr 

Herwig, Kate, fmr 

Hidinger, Charles E., Ibr 

Hidinger, Frank, mason 

Hidinger, Wm. A., mer 

Higgins, C. T., Ibr 

Higgins, J. W., fmr 

Hight, Charles, Ibr 

Hills, Arrcn, fmr 

Hill, A. D., fmr 

Hirshinger, G. M., rtd 

Hitch, I.. D., fmr 

Hitch. W. B., fmr 

Hoagland, Elizabeth, rtd 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 
HEALTH LICENSE 222 

phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Smith &Grauer, Tailors 

UNION SHOP Jt^^ THAT'S ALL 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



261 



Hobson, A. N., judge 

Hobson, Elizabeth 

Hobson, Frank, printer 

Hobson, Joseph 

Hobson, L. T., printer 

Hoep, Albert 

Holmes, Clarence S., fmr 

Holmes, Elmer, fmr 

Holmes, Erastus N., fmr 

Holmes, Mrs. James 

Holmes, W. J 

Homewood, T. J., fmr 

Hoover, J. W., fmr 

Hoover, Lew, fmr 

Hoover, William 

Hopf , A. F., fmr 

Hornbach, S. W., rtd 

Horton, Charles, buttermkr . . . . 

House, H 

Houg, A. S., fmr 

House, Wm 

Howard, Belle M 

Howard, Charles H., rtd fmr.... 

Howard, John N., fmr 

Howe, C. M., fmr 

Howe, J. C 

Howe, Joel W., fruit grower.... 

Howe, Simeon, fmr 

Howesien, F. W., elk 

Hcyer, C. C, rtd fmr 

Hoyer, George D 

Hoyer, J. A., rtd 

Hoyt, F. E., hrdwre 

Hoyt, L. B 

Hcyt & Lawyer, hrdwre 

Hughbanks, Susana F., Ibr 

Hughbanks, Virgil, Ibr 

Hull, D. T., fmr 

Hull, Frank E., fmr 

Huls, J. P., express 

Huls, Mary A 

Hulse, Edward, fmr 

Humphrey, L. V. "V., horse trainer 
Humphrey, Wm., horse dealer... 

Hunsberger, Charles, fmr 

Huntzinger, C. B., Ibr 



Huntzinger, Ida A., dressmkr. 

Huntzinger, J. W., fmr 

Hurley, John, fmr 

Hurley, M. H., fmr 

Hunnance, Charles 



Iliff, J. A., ins. agt. 
Iliff, Royal C, Ibr. 
[liff, Sarah E 



Jack, John, fmr 

Jackling, Eearl F., Ibr. . 

Jackling, J. H., Ibr 

Jacobs, Arthur, C, carp. 
Jacobs, Edward J., carp. 
Jacobs, Roy C, carp.... 

Jacobsen, Hans, fmr 

Jacobson, Lars, fmr.... 

James, George 

Jenkins, Arthur, Ibr.... 

Jennings, E., Ibr 

Jensen, G. C, fmr 

Jensen, J. P., fmr 

Jensen, J. R., fmr 

Jchansen, Mrs. Karl . . . . 
Johansen, J. C, fmr.... 

Jchansen, P. E., fmr 

Johnson, C. E., farm Ibr. 
Johnson, Carl, tinner. . . 
Johnson, Earl A 

rhnson, Haakon, fmr. . . 

"rhpscn, Issac, fmr 

Trhnscn, Jaccb L., carp., 
Johnson, Newell, Ibr 

'oiins:on, Perry W., Ibr. 

Johnson, S., carp 

Jolilf, Francis, Ibr 

Jones, Iva J., Ibr 

Torgenson, Martin, fmr.. 

.Tor,£>-enscn, N, fmr 

Juvick, Paul, fmr. 



LL & RICHARDS 



phone: Q 8 



Evening Parties a Specialty. 



THE HUB 



Clothiers ^Furnisliers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor* 



268 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



K 



Kane, M., Ibr 

Kasler, A 

Keegan, John, mail carrier. ... 

Keig, Harry, fmr 

Kennedy, Henry F., physician 

Kent, A. H., fmr 

Kent, Herb, fmr 

Kent, Wm. & Son, fmrs 

Killfoiel, M., Ibr 

King, George, Ibr 

King, Thomas A 

Kinsel, H., fmr 

Kinsel, James 

Kinsey, John, Ibr 

Kinsey, Wm., rtd 

Kiple, George W., fmr 

Kiple, V. D., carp 

Kleppe, Chris., fmr 

Kleppe, Enoch, fmr 

Kleppe, John, fmr 

Kleppe, K. K. Jr., fmr 

Kleppe, K. K., Sr., fmr 

Kline er, Franz, rtd 

Klinger, George, fmr 

Klinger, S. W., fmr 

Knight, J. W., carp 

Knox, Joe R., Ibr 

Knox, Wm. M., driver 

KnudSon, Hans, fmr 

Knudson, J. L., fmr 

Knudsvig, S. O., fmr 

Koester, Diedrich, fmr 

Koester, Henry, fmr 

Koester, John A., fmr 

Kohler, Charles, laundry 

Kohler, Frank, carp 

Kreger, John, fmr 

Krueger, Albert, fmr 

Krueger, Chris, fmr 

Krueger, Fred 

Krueger, H., fmr 

Krumlauf, Wm., fmr 

Krumlauf, Mrs. Wm., fmr 

Kuhen, Dell 



Kuhen, John 

Kuhrty, Henry 

L 

Lacy, Jennie E., tchr 

Lamb. Alfred G 

Lang, S. E., Ibr 

Langrick, Bernard 

Langrick, Herman 

Langrick, John, fmr 

Larson, B. T. & L. T 

Larson, Louis, painter 

Larson, Thos, fmr. 

Larson, Torval, fmr 

Lathrop, Charles D, bank teller 

Lathrop, C. W. D., ins. agt 

Lauer, Charles, fmr 

Lawyer, E. S., deputy county treasun 

Layton, Amy M., boarding 

Leach, David A., Ibr 

Leahy. M. J., fmr 

Leahy, Philip, fmr 

Leahy, Philip, Jr., fmr 

Leahy, T. J., fmr 

Leathes, R. G., fmr 

Lehmer, George, express 

Lehmer, Mary, fmr , 

Lehmer, George, drayman 

Lembke, D. C, fmr 

Lestice, H.. fmr 

Lewis, W. C, atty 

Light. Fred 

Limback, F. J., law student 

Lindsley, John M., C. R. L & P. agt 

Lisher, F. Cliff, restaurant 

Lisher. Ida S., restaurant 

Lisher, James, M., hotel 

Lofte, Peter, fmr 

Loftus, Daniel, Ibr 

l.oftus, Kate M., milliner 

Loftus, Thos., clothier 

Loftus, Wm., Ibr 

Longfield, A. A., billiards 

Lcngfield, Cliff A., horse trainer 

Longfield, Jesse A., billiards 



FOR HONEST VALOES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRING 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 



SOUTH FREDERICK^ 



GRESSLER, CAMPBELL 
DRUG CO. 

DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE "HOTEL MEALEY" 



Leaders in Purs 
Drugs, Druggists' 
Sundries > Fins 
Cigars and Soda 
Water > ^ j» > 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



269 



Loomis, A. B., furniture . . . . 

Loomis, Bros., furniture 

Loomis, D. W., fmr 

Loomis, Edwin H., furniture. 

Loomis, E. R., Ibr 

Lovell, Oscar, Ibr 

Lower, C. A., fmr 

Lower, John, fmr 

Lower, R. Ray, Ibr 

Lower, Wm. H., fmr 

Lusson, Wm 



Mc 

McComb, John, soldier 

McComb, Margaret M 

McCreery, • Marrette 

McCrery, W. C, ice man 

McCue, E. J., fmr 

McCue, Mrs. Mary, fmr 

McDonald, John H., rtd 

McDougal, Charles, blksmth.. 

McElree, George, fmr 

McGlathery, Anna M , 

McGlathery, E. S., fmr 

Mcllree, Elmer A., editor 

McLaughlin. C. J., druggist... 

McMasters, H. N., fmr 

McMasters, Hattie N., fmr.... 

McMasters, N. H., fmr 

McMasters, S. L., salesman.., 

McMasters, Susan 

McMullen, Edward R., tmstr. 



M 



Mabb, Anna 

Mabb, Percy 

Magner, Wm. A., dry goods. 

Manderfield, Wm., fmr 

Manley, Carter, clothier. . . . 

Mann, W. L., Ibr 

Manning, E. R., rtd 

Marcuse, Milton, dry goods. 

Margraff, Wm., fmr 

Marker, L. W., Ibr 



Markham, C. L., Ibr 

Markham, Delos C, Ibr 

Marr, Ernest, fmr 

Marr, Robert, fmr 

Martin, Gottfred, fmr 

Martin, H., Ibr 

Martin, Mrs. H. C, dressmkr. . 

Martin, Lester, driver 

Mason, F. H., soldier 

Mathews, S., Ibr 

Mathis, Lewis, J., Ibr 

Mays, Eva, fmr 

Mays, J. C, fmr 

Merritt, Mrs.., widow 

Meskel, J. J., fmr. 

Meskel, T. J., fmr 

Meskel, Wm., fmr 

Messerlie, Fred 

Meyer, Ernest, fmr 

Millard, Milford, rr 

Miller, C. E., fmr 

Miller, H. J., fmr 

Miller, J. B., fmr 

Milling, Sidney 

Minchen, C. B., rtd 

Miner, Frank B., rtd 

Mishler, C. S., fmr.". 

Mishler, Henry, wood sawyer. 

Mishler, Lewis, Ibr 

Mishler, Samuel, fmr 

Mishler, Wm., Ibr 

Mittelstedt, Wm., fmr 

Mittlestedt, H., fmr 

Moarnan, Andrew, fmr 

Moa'rman, James, fmr 

Montgomery, C. E., fmr 

Montgomery, J. K., rtd fmr.... 

Montgomery, M. J., fmr 

Mork, Andrew, fmr 

Mork, John, fmr 

Morland, Maggie 

Morris, A. J., fmr 

Morse, W. E., fmr 

Mortin, Clark, mason 

Mosher, Louis P., fmr 

Muldowney, Patrick, fmr 



^' >J9 ^ ^ ALL ROADS LEAD TO ^^ ^ ^ i^ 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



Colonial" 5( m 

F. H. TOUSLEY, Manufacturer ^> 32 SOUTH FREDERICK 




FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Hunger, W. F., fmr 

Musser, David, fmr 

Musser, H. C, shoes 

Musser, M. O., dry goods. 
Musser. S. A., fmr 



N 



Neff Bros., electric light 

Neff, Chas. G., electric light 

Ntff, Joe H., electric light plant. 

Neff, Kate M 

Nelson, Even, fmr 

Nelson, G., fmr 

Nelson, L., 

Nelson, Osman 

Neumann, Herman, fmr 

Newcomb, Mary S., widow^ 

Ney, Frank, fmr 

Ney, Henry, fmr 

Niles, Mrs. N. H., rtd 

Noble, George, rtd 

Noonan. C. E., fmr 

Noonan, Hannah, fmr 

Nocnan, Wm., fmr 

Nordhus, A. E., fmr 

Nuss, O. C, county treasurer. . . . 



Oakland, John 

Ober, Calvin L., honey 

O'Brien, James 

O'Brien, Mrs. M., fmr 

O'Connor, Anna B 

O'Connor, Ed., laborer 

O'Connor, Nellie, rtd 

O'Halloran, Daniel, stock buyer 

O'Halloran, D. & Co., stock buyer.... 

Olesen, F. D., fmr 

Olesen, H. C, fmr 

Olesen, M., fmr 

Oleson, A. B., fmr 

Oleson, H. Peter, fmr 

Oleson, Paul, fmr 

Oliver, Charles V., deputy county elk. 



Olsen, Fred, fmr 

Olsen, Nels 

Olson, Andrew, fmr 

Olson, Hans, fmr 

O'Meara.J. F., fmr 

O'Meara, Wm., fmr 

O'Neill, John F., carp 

Orchard, F. W,, fmr 

O'Rourke, Charles A., lineman. 

Orvis, J. J., bbr 

Osmundson, John K., fmr 

Ostrander, C. A., fmr 

Otley, K. S., hotel elk 

Otto, Wm., fmr 

Owens, Charles E., clothing 

Owens, John, rtd 

Owens, John A., 

Owen, Martin, fmr 



Paige, B. F., fmr , 

Palmer, A. C, fmr 

Pape, Dedrich, fmr 

Pape, Henrich, fmr 

Pape, Paul, fmr 

Parrott, Ella, jeweler 

Parrott, Fred B., mechanic 

Parrott, Mary E 

Parrott, Sarah L 

Patrick, A. E., fmr 

Patterson, Emma, fmr 

Patterson, Ezra, fmr 

Paulson, H. H., fmr 

Peck, Louisa, elk 

Pedicord, Wm. H., harness 

Peebles, W. W., mer 

Peek, Mary E 

Peek, Wm. M., county recorder. 

Pendleton, Miss 

Perry, Charles, fmr 

Peterson, Andrew, fmr 

Peterson, G., fmr 

Peterson, John, fmr 

Phelps, Wilbur, carp 

Phillips, A. A., fmr 



PSS5 HE SATISFIES 

SUIT OR OVERCOAT $18 UPWARDS 



SMITH & GRAUER 

TAILOES 



Cleanings Pres sing 
and Repairing 



SUITS $15,00 TO S50.00 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTOi.lY. 



271 



Phillips, E. M., ins 

Phillips, Emma M 

Phillips, Jessie , 

Phillips, J. E. . 

Phillips, Leon P., lawyer... 

Phillips, M. J., fmr 

Phillips, S. A 

Philips, Mrs. Wm. F 

Phillips, Mrs. W. L., widow. 

Pierce, Mary J 

Pierce, W.'N., soldier 

Pope, D., fmr 

Pope, Peter, fmr 

Poperhagen, F., fmr 

Popenhagen, H., fmr 

Popenhagen, John, fmr 

Proctor, Charles, fmr 

Prouty, W. L., fmr 



Quackenbush, A., fmr 

Quackenbush, John, milk. 

Quandt, John, fmr 

Quass, Anna, fmr 

Quass, C. C, fmr 



Randall, Hugh, Ibr 

Randall, Lewis, J., Ibr. . 
Randall, W. W., soldier. 

Ray, Anna P 

Redfield, Mrs. widow.. 
Reed, Wallace B., mer. . 

Reeder, J. J., fmr 

Reeder, R. D., fmr 

Reeder, Thos. D., fmr. 
Regan, C. S., minister. . 

Reidel, G. E., fmr 

Reirson, R. T., fmr 

Reisner, G. A., fmr 

Reisner, James, fmr... 
Reisner, Louis, fmr.... 

Reisner, Mary 

Rembold, Albert, fmr.. 



Rembold, J. G., minister 

Rembold, Paul 

Rennison, Allen G., physician 

Rensser, Fred, fmr 

Richmond, Henry L., fmr 

Riley, George M., painter 

Riley, J. Wm., Ibr 

Roberts, A. M., Ibr 

Roberts, Charles A., express 

Robertson, Amos M., electrical eng. 

Robinson, Wm. A., baker 

Rockwood, Charles, atty 

Rodgers, W. J., lawyer 

Rogers, Omer A., rtd 

Rogers, Sarah J 

Rolland, N., fmr 

Rothmeyer, Joseph, fmr 

Routh, Wm. H., gen. mdse 

Rowland, M. L., fmr , 

Rubyor, Anson B., hdwre 

Rubyor, C. B'., fmr 

Rubyor & Sons, fmrs 

Rubyor, T., fmr 

Rulifson, H. N., fmr 

Rush, Chloe A., widow 

Rush, Clinton, fmr 

Rush, Harry A., blksmth 

Rush, Mary M 



Saboe, Peter, fmr 

Saltsgiver, David, fmr , 

Sampson, J. S., rtd 

Sanborn, E. M., rtd fmr 

Sanders, James C, tohr 

Scallan, J. L., county auditor 

Schatz, Erhart 

Schatz, Fred, fmr 

Schatz, George P., mer , 

Schatz, John, Ibr 

Schatz, M., fmr , 

Schenafelt, Frank L., Ibr.... 

Schenck, N. S., lumber 

Schermerhorn, Charles, fmr. . 
Schlatter, G. M., fmr 



phone: 98 



BELL & RICHARDS 

Evening Parties a Specialty. 



For Fine and in 0% ■■^■^■^■■^^■^ 

Up-to-Date W R FETTKET 

Livery Rigs See "* ^" ■ ■- ■ ■ 1^^ ■ 

Good Teams, Easy Rigs with Rubber Tires and Careful Drivers 




14 FIRST AVENUE SOUTHi 



FA\ETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Schwamman, Christ., fmr 

Schmelzer, Anson, fmr 

Schmelzer, John, fmr 

Schmelzer, Max, fmr 

Schmitt, Clarence, fmr 

Schmule, August 

Schmuhl, Louis, Ibr 

Schmutzler, George, fmr 

Schneider, Fred W., druggist. . . . 
Schneider & Green, druggists. . 

Scholl, Martin, fmr Ibr 

Schoup, Orlando, fmr 

Schroeder, Frederika M 

Schroeder, Mrs. Henry, widow 

Schroyer, Emanuel, rtd 

Schroyer, Frank M., Ibr 

Schroyer, G. C, fmr 

Schroy.er, John, fmr 

Schroyer, John A., Ibr 

Schroyer, Martha A 

Schroyer, Oscar S., express... 

Schroyer, Seth L., Ibr 

Schroyer, W. L., fmr , 

Schuman, David, junk dealer. . . 

Schwestka, Frank, tailor 

Schweska, Joseph, btchr 

Scott, Alexander, fmr 

Scott, Edward , 

Scott, Hugh, fmr 

Searles, Charles I., invalid 

Searles, Ida M., fmr 

Searles, James A., painter 

Searles, J. J., janitor 

Searles, L. E 

Shaffer, Ella 

Shaffer, Roy, printer 

Shaffer, W. P., fmr 

Shaw, E. B., bank examiner 

Shaw, John K., fmr 

Shaw, Mrs. N 

Shepard, George G., painter 

Shepard, Virginia 

Sheppard, Harry A., carp 

Sherman, George, fmr 

Sherman, M. O. & G., fmr 

Shiek, Charles, livery 



Shiek, Frank, fmr 

Shiek, Helen, rtd 

Shiek, Wm. E., livery.... 

Skinner, J. H., fmr , 

Smale, Fred, fmr 

Smart, Charles H., Ibr..., 

Smart, Henry, Ibr 

Smart, Ira, Ibr 

Smith, Amanda B 

Smith, Caroline 

Smith, D. O., wagonmkr. 
Smith, Elmer J., clerk. . . . 

Smith, F. D., fmr 

Smith, Frederick, fmr. . . . 
Smith, George, hdwre.... 

Smith, G. W., fmr 

Smith, J. F., rtd fmr 

Smith, John P., driver. . . . 

Smith, J. S., fmr 

Smith, L. M., Ibr 

Smith, L. P., Ibr 

Smith, Milton, 

Smith, N. W., butcher 

Smith, O. B., carp 

Smith & Rubyor, hdwe. . 

Smith, S. G., fmr 

Smith, Verne, teacher . . , 

Smith, W. J 

Smith, W. W., Ibr 

Snider, Mat., fmr 

Snider, Peter, fmr , 

Solomon, J. J 

Sorensen, Nels, fmr 

Soreusen, P., fmr 

Sorg, Elmer F., fmr 

Spahr, Charles, thresher . 

Spahr, Edward, Ibr 

Spahr, John 

Spaulding, H. D., dentist. 

Spencer, N. C, fmr 

Spicer, W. M., Ibr 

Springer, Wm., fmr 

Stafford, D. C, rtd 

Stafford, Harry M., fmr.. 

Stafford, Mvron, rtd 

Stahl, A 



J. W. RIDLER 

.^■ji MANAGER OPERA HOUSE ^of 



%' A. C. WILSON 



Glass 
Block 



Drugs- 



BookS' 



Stationery 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Stahl, John R., Ibr 

Stam, T. R., trav salesman... 

Standard Oil Co 

Stangeland, John J., fmr 

Stannard, E. T., fmr 

Stearns, Jaj- H., Ibr 

Sterm, Roy, painter. 

Steele, Emily L., 

Stehr, John, Ibr 

Stewart, Ed., supt Co. Farm. 

Stewart, Mrs. H. M 

Stillman, F. J 

Stirk, C, fmr 

Stoefller, John F., fmr. 

Stoll, A., fmr 

Straus, George, gardener. . . . 

Strohschein, A. G., fmr 

Strohschein Bros., fmrs 

Strohschein, C. G., fmr 

Stroup, W. A., tel opr 

Stuart, Dr. A. B., 

Sturch, Hal., Ibr 

Sturch, Thomas H., Ibr 

Sturm, Alpha J., painter 

Sturm, H. C, Ibr 

Sullivan, Andrew, Ibr 

Sullivan, Burt, Ibr 

Sullivan, Cliarles H., elk 

Sullivan, Earl E., Ibr 

Sullivan, E. T., rtd 

Sullivan, George, clerk 

Sullivan, John, Ibr 

Sullivan, Morris 

Sullivan, Wm 

Swain, Malissa, fmr 



Talmadge, C. H., editor 

Talmadge, D. H., printer 

i'almadge, John C, printer 

Tamblym, B. F., lumber 

Tamblym, Frank J., lumber 

Tarkelson, T. O., fmr 

Tatro, Mrs. Frank 

Tatro, O. M 

Theobald, Thos., butcher 

Thomas, Edward H., rtd 

Thcmas, Laura F 

Thomas, W. B., rtd mer 

Thompson, A. G., fmr Ibr 

Thompson, Harriett A 

Thompson, Mrs. H 

Thompson, Jane 

Thompson, John S., Ibr 

Thompson, M. D., fmr 

Thompson, Wm., Ibr 

Thorson, Thos., fmr 

Tibbetts, William, fmr 

Tiffany, Wm., 

Tisdale, W. H., druggist 

Tisdale, W. H. & Co., druggists. 

Titus, A. H., soldier 

Titus, Benj. A., electrician , 

Tofte, Andrew, fmr 

Tollefson, Lars, fmr. . . '. 

relief son, Ole, N., fmr 

Tollefson, Toilet, fmr 

Tope, Berth, fmr 

Tope, H. S., fmr 

Tope, Jacob, fmr 

Tope, John M., fmr 

Tope, J. W., fmr 



Swain, Russel C, fmr I Tope, S. B., fmr 



Swale, Elizabeth, fmr. 
Swale, George, fmr. . . 
Swale, Mary A., fmr. . 

Sweske, S., Ibr 

Sykes, O. D., Ibr 



Talcott, Silas, Ibr 



Tope, Mrs. Susan 

Topp, Henry, biksmth. 

Torson, Tom, fmr 

Trapp, Peter, fmr 

Tremain, J. H., barber. 

Tripp, G. W 

Tripp, Marion E., Ibr. 

Tupper, F. M., fmr 

Tupper, Wade O., Ibr. . 



Talmage, Aylia T I Turner, David, fmr 



CLOTHIERS TO HIS MAJESTY, THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 




BIG CLOTHING STORE 



FOR FIRST CLASS LIVERY CALL ON 

Kernahan Sc Gosse 

phone: so. no. 12 first snr. south 



274 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Turner, L., fmr 

Turner, W. H 

Tussing, Emma L 

Tussing, John, section hand 

Tussing, Michael, section foreman, 

V 

Vaghts, Fredrich, fmr 

Van Atten, Geo. W., abstracts 

Vanbroclvlin, Mat., fmr 

Van Cyle, J. M 

Van Sicltle, E. 3., fmr 

Van Siclvie, James, Ibr 

Van Sicltle, John, rtd 

Van Sicltle, Waller 

Van Sickle, Wm. E., Ibr , 

Vawser, Robert, Ibr 

Vellmecke, Ferd, fmr 

Voight, Wm. J 

Von Rolf, Theodore, ins 

W 

Wade, Mrs. Dorothea 

Wade, Mrs. E. E., widow 

Wade, Juliette 

Wade, Leigh, deputy recorder.... 

Wade, Mary E 

Wade, Mrs. Willard, widow 

Wagle, C. T., fmr 

Wagner, Adam, mail car 

Wagner, C. E 

Wagner, P. G 

Wagoner, Fred, Jr., fmr 

Waldron, John, fmr 

Walrath, W. G., clerk 

Ward, Cabbot. tel opr 

Ward, Frank H., livery 

Ward, Wm. F., fmr 

Washborn, Edward E., Ibr 

Washborn, Josephine 

Waterbury, D. D 

Watne, H. T., fmr 

Watson, Tom 

Wayman, Samuel, rtd -. . 



Wayman, Thos. C, rtd 

Webb, Edward B., fmr 

Webber, Mrs. C, widow 

Weber, John M , 

Weber, Mary , 

Weber, W. F., fmr 

Webster, A. G 

WeeJ, H. T., loan agt 

Weist, George, fmr 

Wendland, August, fmr 

Werner, Helen M., dressmkr 

West, Mrs. Edmona, fmr 

West, E. A., fmr 

West, G. W., fmr 

West, Orval, fmr 

Westcott, Sarah, fmr 

Westphal, C. J., laundryman 

Westpfahl, John F., barber 

West Union State Bank 

Wetherbee Bros., 1' very 

Wetherbee, C. W., livery 

Wetherbee, James M., Jr., livery. . . 
Wetherbee, James, Sr., wood dealer. 

Wetherbee, Wm., Ibr 

Weyman, W., fmr 

Wheeler, Charles, fmr 

Wheeler, Newton, fmr 

Whitbeck, Arlow, fmr 

Whitbeck, Burton, fmr 

White, Mrs. Amos 

White, Anna M 

White, August 

White, Charles E., Ibr 

White, Mrs. E. W 

White, George E., Ibr 

White, Homer, Ibr 

White, Suphronice 

Whitmore, F. Y., cashier bank 

Whorley, Frank E., fmr 

Wilber, Arthur 

Wilber, C. S., fmr 

Wilber, Henry 

Wilber, Leonard 

Wilber, Lew, fmr 

Wilber, Willis, fmr 

Wilbur, Alonzo, billiards 



E. N. ROSS & SON 



STATE BOARD OF 

health license 222 
phone: 21 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



Wear the Best. It Costs No More 

Smith & Grauer, Tailors 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



275 



Wilbur, Charles 

Wilbur, R. T., rtd 

Wilbur, Wm. R., Ibr 

Wilke, Ernest, fmr 

Williams, R. D 

Williamson, Charles H., physician. 

Wilson, John, fmr 

Wilson, Sarah A 

Wimber, Fred, clerk 

Wimber, Henry, Sr., blksmth 

Wimber, H. T., Jr., blksmth 

Wimber, John M., painter 

Winston, J. W., county clerk 

Winter, John, fmr 

Wolf, Charles, fmr 

Wombacher, Sarah 

Wonnenberg, T. J., printer 

Wood, George, grocer 

Wood, John A., Ibr 

Woodard, Charles, mer 

Woodard, R. O., loan agt 



Woolf, Henry, fmr 

Woolf, Judelia 

Wright, Charles E., clerk 

Wright, Mrs. J. S., widow 

Wright, Thomas, wagonmkr. 

Wright, W. W., ins agt, 

Wuist, John, fmr 



Yearous, Clifton, fmr 

Yearous, C. A., fmr 

Yearous, Jacob S., fmr 

Yearous, J. S., fmr 

Yoemans, Mrs. F., fmr 

Youmans, Miles, fmr 

Young, Chauncy L., minister. 



Zeigler, S. B., banker 

Zoller, Charlotte N., widow. 




B MARDs HACK LINE 



PHONE 98 



THE HUB 



276 



Clothiers #Fyroi8liers 

GENTS' FOOTWEAR 



•N. PLEIMLING, Proprietor. 



FAYETTE COUNTY DIRECTORY. 



Too Late For Classification 



FT. ATKINSON. 

Barthelme, Ferd 

Baumler, Martin 

Blany, J. B 

Boeding, Edward O 

Boyer, George 

Ditzenbach, Andrew 

Dietzenbach, Anna 

Ditzenbach, Joseph. , . 

Dietzenbach, Mary 

Dvorak, John 

Frazen, John S 

Gardner, Stephen 

Gerleman, Henry 

Hinker, Zetta 

Kappes, Vince , 

Meinart, Bernard, Jr., fmr. . 
Meinart, Bernard, Sr., fnar. 
Meyer, Henry J., fmr 

Schaufenbuehl, S., rtd 

Schaufenbuehl, John, fmr.., 

Smith, Mrs. John 

Stammeyer, Carl 

Swelha, Joseph 

Swehla, Theodore 

Thies, Fred 



Tillman, John 

Voderburggen, John 

CALMAR 

Bruening, Barney 

Bruha, Kath 

Busch, Gerhardt 

Doorah, Kate 

Hess, Kate 

Neinhouse, Henry 

Neinhouse, John 

Smith, Phil 

Tuma, Josephine 

Tuma, Mary 

Walton, Mrs. M. G 

CASTALIA. 

Barrett, T. H., fmr 

Holahan, J. G., fmr 

Hanson, Ed., section boss. 

McGaheran, James, fmr. . , 
McGaheran, Thomas, fmr. 

Wander, John G., fmr 



FOR HONEST VALUES IN FOOTWEAR AND REPAIRIN6 60 TO 

Hilliger's Shoe Store 

SOUTH FREDERICK- 




First in Circulation 
First in Advertising 
First in News 
First in the Hearts 
of its Readers 




If you have a Want Ad to Place 
put it in the Telegraph-Herald 



Put them to 
the Test 



Compare any Paper Published 
in Iowa with the 

Dubuque 
Telegraph- 
Herald 

To the Amount and Quality of its 

Iowa News 

Home News 

Telegraphic Reports 

Reliable Market Reports 

And Clean Editorial Policy 

You will* then see why the people in 
Northern Iowa should subscribe for 

The TELEGRAPH-HERALD 



r 












In the Family Circle 



Is where the Telegraph- 
Herald finds the greatest 
favor. 1 1 is a clean, 
energetic family news- 
paper with 

Reliable Market News 

Complete Iowa News 

All the Important World's News 





SUBSCRIBE NOW 

2^c PER MONTH 








TELEGRAPH-HERALD, Kr 



>i:,"^i 



